I

NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY

ANSWERALLQUESTI
ONS

SECTI
ONA.2ma
rkf
ore
achque
sti
on.

Fi
lli
nth
ebl
anks
:
1.Ana
ppl
ic
ati
onpr
ogr
amwhi
chi
nte
rpr
etsHTMLi
sca
ll
eda….
webbr
ows
er/br
ows
er

2.Ont
heI
nte
rne
t…….
hel
pyouf
inds
it
esr
ela
tedt
oap
art
ic
ula
rtopi
c.s
ear
che
ngi
nes

3.A-
--
--
--
-Conve
rtsdr
awi
ngs
,phot
os.e
ct.Todi
git
als
igna
l.Sc
anne
r/di
git
ize
r

4.Te
rmi
nal
sar
eal
soc
all
ed-
--
--
--
--
--Di
spl
ayTe
rmi
nal
sorVi
deoDi
spl
ayt
ermi
nal
s

5.A-
--
--
--
--ha
snoa
bil
it
ytop
roc
essors
tor
eda
ta.dumbt
ermi
nal

6.-
--
--
--
-isda
tat
hatha
sbe
enpr
oce
sse
dint
ous
efulf
orm(c
all
edI
nfor
mat
ion)Out
put

7.Themos
tus
edme
ansofout
puta
ret
he-
--
--
--a
ndt
he-
--
--pr
int
er&c
omput
ers
cre
en

8.An-
--
--
--s
tri
kespa
per&r
ibbont
oge
the
rtof
ormac
har
act
er.I
mpa
ctpr
int
er

9.Wh
ati
sthewe
bsi
tea
ddr
essf
orCNN?www.
cnn
.com

I
ndi
cat
easT(
tr
ue)ofF(
fal
se)i
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded

10.Ani
ndi
vidua
ldotonac
omp
ute
rsc
ree
nisc
all
edas
cre
enpoi
nt.Fa
lse

11.Mo
dems
tandsf
ormodul
at
ora
ndde
modul
at
or.Tr
ue

12.Thef
ir
stc
ount
ryt
oha
vei
nte
rne
tinAf
ri
cai
sGha
naFa
lse

13.QWERTYi
sthena
meoft
hema
nuf
act
ure
rofc
omput
erke
yboa
rd.Fa
lse

14.TheAl
tandCont
rolKe
ys(
ont
hePCke
yboa
rd)c
anwor
kont
hei
rown.Fa
lse

15.Themos
tobvi
ouss
ignsoft
hegr
owt
hofEl
ect
roni
cFundsTr
ans
feri
sATM.Tr
ue

16.TheI
nte
rne
tit
sel
fdoe
snotc
ont
ai
ninf
orma
ti
on…Tr
ue

17.Ac
omput
erpr
ogr
amde
signe
dwi
thf
eat
ure
stha
the
lpst
oent
er,s
tor
e,s
ort
,anda
nal
yzenume
ricda
tai
s

1
c
all
edMsWor
d……F……….
.

17-
20
Fromt hefol
lowingli
stna
met hefourel
ementsi
ndicat
edi
nthedi
agra
moftheExc
elworkbook
window( 2ma r
ks )
Formulaba r
,AutoSumbutton,Pa
steFunct
ionbut
ton,Act
ivec
ell
,Tool
bar
,She
ett
ab,For
ma t
me nu,Sor
tbutton,Namebox.

B A

C
D

17.A=SORTBUTTON-- 18.B=NAMEBOX--
19.C=ACTI
VECELL-- 20.D=SHEETTAB—

SECTI
ONB(
Shor
tans
werque
sti
ons
).15poi
ntse
ach.

Ans
wert
hef
oll
owi
ngque
sti
ona
scl
ear
lya
syouc
ani
nth
espa
cepr
ovi
ded.

1.Wha
tisac
ommuni
cat
ionne
twor
k?Wha
tar
ethedi
sadva
nta
gesofane
twor
k?

Acommunicati
onnetworki
sac ol
le
cti
onofcomputer
sandot
herequi
pmentor
gani
zedt
os ha
re
dat
a,i
nfor
ma t
ion,har
dwareandsof
twarer
esour
c e
s.
a)
Dis
advant
ages
a)Ac ces
singanythi
ngacros
sanetwor
kisslowert
hanacc
ess
ingyourowncomput
er.

2
 b)Mor
ecompl
exi
tya
ddsne
wpr
obl
emst
oha
ndl
e.

c
)Le s
scust
omiz
ati
onispos
sibl
eforshar
edprogr
amsandfol
der
s.Eve
ryonewi
llh
aveto
f
oll
owthesa
mec onve
nti
onsforst
ori
ngandnamingfi
le
ssoothe
rscanfi
ndt
heri
ghtf
il
es.
d)Sha
ringi
sha
rdf
ors
omef
olk
s
e
)Expe
nsi
vet
oma
int
ai
n/ope
rat
e
2.Wha
tisme
antbyt
het
erms(
i)t
ext(
ii
)gr
aphi
csi
nmul
ti
medi
aappl
ic
ati
ons
.
(i)Textc
onsi
st
sofchar
act
ersthatar
eusedtocrea
tewor ds
,se nt
enc
esandpar
agr
aphsandi
sa
fundament
alel
ementus
edinallmulti
mediaappl
icati
ons.Ma nymulti
medi
aappl
ica
ti
onsus
ete
xt-
ba s
edmenuthata
ll
owthesele
c t
ionanddi
splayofinfor
mation.
(i
i)Agra
phicisadi
git
alr
epres
ent
at
ionofnon-te
xtinfor
mat
ions
ucha sdr
awi
ng,cha
rtor
phot
ogr
aph.Iti
scal
le
dpict
ureori
ma gea
ndc ont
ainsnomovementorani
mat
ion.
3.Li
stFIVE(5)barri
e rstotechno logyintegrat
ioni
nt hecl
assr
oom.
Thes
ea r
e:
b)Lackofte a
c hertrai
ning
c)Lackofa dmi nist
rati
ons upport
d)Limite
dtimef orteache rplanning
e)Budgetcons trai
nts
f)Ba s
icres
istancetoc ha ngebyma nyeduc
ators
g)Comput e
rpl aceme ntinr emot elocat
ionma ki
ngitdi
ffi
cul
tfort
eac
her
stoha
vea
cce
ss.
h)Lackofinfra st
ruct
ure
i) La
ckoffa c
i l
iti
es/e
qu ipme nt
j) Hi
ghcosta nde xpense s.
k) Lackofresour ce
s

4.I
nthewor
kshe
etbe
lowus
est
anda
rdExc
elf
unc
ti
onst
ofi
nd
t
hef
oll
owi
ng:

A B C D E
1 Type Descr
ipt
ionRetail Quant
it
yVa l
ue
ID
2 B3 Ra ck $25.30 450
3 C5 Sc re
w $65.10 10
4 D5 La dder $120.30 5

3
 5 D6 Gr
inder $45.
40 300
6 E7 Dr
ill $35.
99 15
7 Avera
geCount Tot
al
8

a
.Wr it
ethefor
mulafort
heAver
ageret
ai
lpr
icef
orc
olumnCi
nce
llC8.=(
c2+c
3+c
4+c
5+c
6)/
5
or =s
um(c2:
c6)/
5 =Aver
age(
c2:
c6)

b.Wr
it
ethef
ormul
afort
heTot
alva
luef
ort
hec
olumnE.(
cel
lE8)
.

=Sum(e2:
e6)
Whe r
ee2=c2*d2,e
3=c
3*d3,e
4=c
4*d4,e
5=c
5*d5a
nde
6=c
6*d6
Or

Tot
al=e
2+e
3+e
4+e
5+e6
Whe
ree
2=c2*d2,e
3=c
3*d3,e
4=c
4*d4,e
5=c
5*d5a
nde
6=c
6*d6
Or

Tot
al=c
2*d2+c
3*d3+c
4*d4+c
5*d5+c
6*d6

c
.Wr i
tedownt
hef
ormulaf
orthenumbe
rofi
te
mswhi
chha
vequa
nti
tyl
esst
han100(
cel
lD8)
.
Us
ingCOUNTIF()f
unct
ion,

=COUNTI
F(D2:
D6,
”<100”
)

GNS221–I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
OM TECHNOLOGY

4
 ANSWERALLQUESTI
ONS GOODLUCK

SECTI
ONA.2ma
rksf
ore
achque
sti
on.

Fi
lli
nthebl
anks
:
1.HTMLs t
andsfor…… hype
rte
xtma
rkupl
angua
ge

2.MSWi
ndowsi
ncl
ude
sabr
ows
erc
all
ed……i
nte
rne
texpl
ore
r

3.Adi
git
iz
erc
onve
rtsdr
awi
ngs
,phot
osi
nto-
--
--
-si
gna
l.di
git
al

4.Te
rmi
nal
sar
eal
soc
all
ed….
vide
odi
spl
ayt
ermi
nal
…

5.Adumpt
ermi
nalha
snoa
bil
it
ytopr
oce
ssors
tor
e--
--
--i
nfor
mat
ion/da
ta

6.I
nfor
mat
ioni
sda
tat
hatha
sbe
en-
--
--
--i
ntous
efulf
orm.pr
oce
sse
d

7.DotMa
tri
xpr
int
ersa
ree
xampl
esof-
--
--
-pr
int
ers
.impa
ctpr
int
ers

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int
ersc
anbec
las
sif
ieda
scha
rac
terpr
int
ers
,--
--
-and-
--
--pr
int
ers
.li
nea
ndpa
ge

9.Thewe
bsi
tea
ddr
essf
orCNNi
s……….
.WWW.
CNN.
COM……

I
ndi
cat
easT(
tr
ue)orF(
fal
se)i
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded:

10.
Ani
ndi
vidua
ldotonac
ompu
ters
cre
eni
sca
ll
edapi
xel
.--
F

11.
Mode
mconve
rtsa
nal
ogs
igna
ltodi
git
alonl
y--
F

12.
Ont
heKe
yboa
rdt
hef
unc
tionke
yar
epr
ogr
amma
bleke
y.T.

13.
QWERTYi
sthena
meoft
hepe
rsonwhoi
nve
rte
dtheke
yboa
rd…….
F…….

14.
TheShi
ftKe
y(ont
hePCke
yboa
rd)c
annotwor
kal
one
…..
T………

15.
Themos
tobvi
ouss
ignsoft
hegr
owt
hofEl
ect
roni
cFundTr
ans
feri
sATM….
T…

16.
TheI
nte
rne
tit
sel
fdoe
snotc
ont
ai
ninf
orma
ti
on…F

5
 SECI
ONB(
shor
tans
werque
sti
ons
).
15poi
nte
ach.

Ans
wert
hef
oll
owi
ngqu
est
iona
scl
ear
lya
syouc
ani
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.

1.Wha
tisaLoc
alAr
eaNe
twor
k?Li
st3a
dva
nta
gesofal
oca
lne
twor
k.

Anetworkissai
dt obeaLo ca
lAreaNetwork(LAN)ifi
tisc
onf
inedrel
at
ivel
ytoa
sma
lla r
ea.I
tisgeneral
lyli
mit
edtoabuil
dingorageogr
aphi
car
ea,expa
ndingnot
mor
et hanamileaparttoot
hercomput
ers.

Advant
ages:
Spee
d.Shari
ngandtr
ans
ferr
ingf
il
e swi
thi
nNe
twor
ksa
reve
ryr
api
d.Thuss
avi
ngt
ime
.
whil
ema i
nta
ini
ngthei
nte
grit
yofthefi
le.

Cos
t.Sha
redprogr
amsonane t
workallowsforupgr
adi
ngoft
hepr
ogr
amsono
nes
ingl
e
f
il
eser
ver
,ins
teadofupgr
adi
ngindi
vidualworkst
ati
on.

Se
cur
it
y.Se
nsi
ti
vef
il
esa
ndpr
ogr
amsonane
two
rka
repa
sswor
dspr
ote
cte
d

Centr
aliz
edSof t
wareMa nage
me nt
.Sof
twar
ec anbeloa
dedononecomput
er(
thefi
le
se
rver)eli
minati
ngthatneedt
ospendti
mea ndenergyi
nst
al
li
ngupdat
eandtr
acki
ngfil
es
onindependentcomputer
sthr
oughoutt
hebuil
ding,

Re
sour
ceSha
ring.Re
sour
cess
ucha
s,pr
int
ers
,fa
xma
chi
nesa
ndmode
msc
anbes
har
ed,

El
ect
roni
cMa i
l.E-
mai
lai
dsi
npersona
landpr
ofe
ssi
onalcommuni
cat
ion.
El
ect
roni
cmailonaLANcanena
blesta
fft
ocommunic
a t
ewit
hint
hebuil
dingha
vingnot
t
olea
vethei
rdesk.

Fl
exi
bleAc
ces
s.Ac
ces
sthe
irf
il
esf
romc
omput
erst
hroughoutt
hef
ir
m.

Workgr
oupComput
ing.Workg
roupsof
tware(s
ucha sMic
rosoftBackOff
ice
)
Al
lowsmanyuse
rst
owor konadocumentorproj
ectorpr
oje
c tconc
urre
ntl
y.

Communi
cat
ion:Communi
cat
ionbe
come
sea
sya
nds
impl
e.

2.Wha ti
sthet e
rms( i)multime di
a(ii)Inte
racti
vemul t
imedia
i)Mul t
imediainvolvestheus eofc omputerstointe
grat
eandpr esentinf
orma t
ionbyusi
ng
t
hec ombinati
onoft ext,graphic
s,video,animationandsound.
Mos tmult
ime di
aa ppli
c a
ti
onsa reinter
acti
vea ndhencetheya l
lowt heusertochoos
ewha t
t
heywa ntandde fi
net heorde rf
orpr es
entat
ion.Theus e
rthenre c
eivesfeedbackonthe
a
c t
ion.Thisisoneoft hee sse
ntia
lfe at
ure
sofmul t
imediaappli
cati
ons.

6
 i
i)I
nte
rac
ti
vit
yma ke
sthest
udent
spar
toft
hel
ear
ninga
dve
ntur
esa
ndgi
vet
hemt
hea
bil
it
y
t
oexpl
oreinmanyvis
uala
ndinte
rac
ti
veways
.
3.Lis
tFIVE( 5)ba rr
ierstot eac hi
nginformati
ontechnol
ogyinthetra
ini
ngcol
lege
.
 Lackofte achertraining
 Lackofa dmi nist
rations upport
 Li
mi t
edt imef ortea cherpl a
nning
 Budgetcons trai
nts
 Basi
cr esi
stancet oc ha ngebyma nyeduca
tors
 Comp uterplaceme nti nr emotelocat
ionma ki
ngitdi
ff
icultf
ortea
che
rstohave
ac
c e
ss.
 Lackofinf rast
ructure
 Lackoff acil
iti
es/equi pme nt
 Highcosta nde xpe nse s
.
 Lackofr esources
4.I
ntheworkshe
etbelowuses ta
ndardExc e
lfunct
ionstofindthef
oll
owing
A B C D E
1 TypeID Descri
pti
on Re tail Qua nt
it
y Val
ue
2 B3 Rack $25.30 500
3 C5 Screw $65.10 100
4 D5 Ladder $120.30 150
5 D6 Grinder $45.40 300
6
7 Average Cou nt Tot
al
8
a. Wr i
tedown,thefor
mul aforAverageret
ailpr
iceforcolumnC( c
ellC8)
.

C8=(
c2+c
3+c
4+c
5+c
6)/
5or=s
um(
c2:
c6)
/5or=Av
era
ge(
c2:
c6)

b. Compl
et
ethef
ormul
aef
ort
hef
oll
owi
ngc
ella
sshownbe
low.

E2=C2*D2 E3=C3*D3 E4=C4*D4 E5=C5*D5

c
. Fi
ndtheTot
aloft
heva
luef
ort
hec
olumnE.(
cel
lE8)
.Wr
it
edownt
hef
ormul
a
Be
low.

E8=s
un(
e2:
e6)orE8=e
2+e
3+e
4+e
5+e
6

I
NTRODUCTIONTOINFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY
ANSWERALLQUESTIONS
SECTI
ONA
Fi
l
lint
heBl
anks

7
1.Thet
ypi
ngont
hec
omput
eri
sdonet
hroughade
vic
eknowna
sthe…ke
yboa
rd….
.

2.Exa
mpl
eofToggl
eke
ysont
heke
yboa
rda
reCa
ploc
k,-
--
--
-and-
--
--
-Numl
ock&Sc
rol
lloc
k.

3.Thea
cronymUPCs
tandsf
orUni
ver
salPr
oduc
tCode
…….
.

4.Thepoi
ntofs
alet
ermi
nalus
est
heb
arc
odet
oide
nti
fypr
oduc
ts.I
nfor
mat
ion.

5.Te
lepho
nel
ine
sar
eus
edf
orvoi
cet
rans
mis
sionhe
ncer
equi
res…Ana
logSi
gna
ls.

6.Thepr
oce
ssofc
onve
rti
ngdi
git
als
igna
ltoa
nal
ogs
igna
lisc
all
ed-
--
--
-.Modul
ati
on

7.Si
mpl
ext
rans
mis
sions
endsda
tai
nonedi
rec
ti
ononl
y….

8.Anyde
vic
eorc
omput
eronan
etwo
rki
sre
fer
redt
oasa
…node
/wor
kst
ati
on.

I
ndi
cat
ethea
nswe
rasTr
ue(
T)or(
F)i
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.

12LANc
ove
rsaf
arwi
dera
reat
hanWAN…F….

13.Coa
xia
lca
blei
sane
xampl
eofc
ommuni
cat
ionme
dium…T…

14.Thee
nte
rke
yca
nnotbeus
edi
nthes
pre
ads
hee
t.…F….

16.Exc
els
pre
ads
hee
tca
nus
efor
mul
asf
orc
alc
ula
ti
on…T…

17.Exc
els
pre
ads
hee
tdoe
snota
ll
owt
hei
nse
rti
onofapi
ct
ure
…F….
.

18.Exc
els
pre
ads
hee
tdoe
snota
ll
owaf
ormul
atobee
nte
redi
nac
ell
…F…

19.
Themos
twi
del
yus
edi
nputde
vic
eist
hemous
e…F…

20.Thei
nte
rse
cti
onofac
olumna
ndr
owi
sca
ll
edCe
ll
...T.
.

SECTI
ONB
1.Di
ff
ere
nti
at
ebe
twe
enSt
ara
ndBusNe
twor
k.

THESTARNETWORK

8
 Thestarpat
te
rnc onne
ctsever
ythi
ngtoonehost
.Thehostisthecompute
rthathandl
esthe
networktas
ka ndholdsthedat
a.Allc
ommuni c
ati
onsbet
wee nthecompute
rsgothroughthe
host.Confi
gurat
ionisgoodforlar
geamountofra
pidl
ychangingdata
.

BUSNETWORK
Thebusnet
workconnect
sthecomput
e r
stot
hesamecommuni
cat
ionli
ne.Communi
cat
ions
goe
sbothdir
ect
ionsal
ongtheli
ne.Allt
hecomput
ersca
ncommunica
tewithe
achot
her
wit
hou
thavingt
ogot hr
oughtheser
ver.

2.Exp
lai
nthet
erms(
i)I
mpa
ctPr
int
ersa
nd(
ii
)Non–I
mpa
ctPr
int
erswi
the
xampl
es.

I
mpactpri
nter
sus eme
chanis
mr e
semblingt
hoseofat
ypewri
ter
.Itfor
msc har
a c
tersor
i
magesbystri
kingamechanis
msuc hasapri
nthammerorwheelagai
nstpape
ra ndan
i
nke
dr i
bbon,le
a vi
nganimageonthepaper
.Anexampleist
heDotMa tri
xprint
e r
.

Nonimpactpri
nter
sformschara
cte
rsandimageswit
houtdir
ectphysic
alcont
actbet
we e
n
Thepr
int
ingme chani
smandthepaper.Theyar
efast
erandquiet
erthanimpactpr
int
ersbec
aus
e
Theyhav
ef ewermovingpa
r t
s.Exampleist
helas
erandinke
dj e
tprint
er.

3.Wr i
teas hor
tnoteongraphi
cs
Graphi
c saredigi
ta
lrepr
esenta
ti
onofi
nforma t
ionothe
rthantext.Exampledra
wings
,char
tset
c.
Graphi
c scanil
lust
rat
ecerta
inconc
ept
smor evividl
ythantextandther
eforepl
ayanimpor
tant
rol
einte a
chingandlear
ning.Mostap
plic
ationsusedtoda
ya regraphi
cbased.

4.Us
ethes
pre
ads
hee
tbe
lowt
oans
wert
heque
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ows
.

A B C D E
1 Na me Quiz(
30) Quiz(
30) Tot
al Per
cent
age
2 JamesBond 22 15
3 AliJarr
ah 27 18
4 JohnPeter 13 28
5 Ave r
age

(
a)Pr
ovi
debe
lowaf
ormul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
het
ota
linc
ellD2be
low

D2=(
B2+C2)

(
b)Pr
ovi
debe
lowaf
ormul
afo
rca
lcul
at
iont
hea
ver
agei
nce
llB5be
low

B5=Ave
rage(
B2:
B4)

9
(
c)I
nce
llE2wr
it
edownaf
ormul
aforde
ter
mini
ngt
hepe
rce
nta
ge

E2=(
D2/
60)
*100

GNS222–I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY

1.Thet
echni
queus
eins
cor
ingWAECobj
ect
ivee
xami
nat
ioni
sca
ll
ed….
OMR.

2.Thec
urs
ori
sal
soc
all
edt
hei
nse
rti
on……poi
nte
.

3.Da
tava
li
dat
ione
nsur
est
hei
nputda
tai
sfr
eef
rom……….
.e
rror

4.Ha
rdc
opyi
sal
soknowna
s………pr
int
edout
put

5.Thea
bbr
evi
at
ionHTTPs
tandsf
or………….
.Hype
rte
xtTr
ans
ferPr
otoc
ol

6.Mode
msi
nsi
det
hec
omput
era
ndt
her
efor
enotvi
si
blea
rec
all
ed….
Int
erna
lMode
ms

7.Da
tat
ran
smi
ssi
onc
anbec
har
act
eri
zeda
ssi
mpl
ex….
.Ha
lfdupl
exa
ndFul
ldupl
ex

8.Whe
nyoue
nte
raf
ormul
aina
nExc
elc
ellyous
tar
twi
tha
n……e
qua
lsi
gn

10.Thea
bbr
evi
at
ionCBTs
tandsf
or………… Comput
erba
sedTr
aini
ng/
Tut
or.

11.A(
n)s
canne
rca
nconve
rtpr
int
eri
mage
sint
o…………di
git
alf
orma
t.

12.At
ermi
nalc
ons
ist
sofake
yboa
rda
nda
…………moni
tor
.

I
ndi
cat
ethea
nswe
rasTr
ue(
T)orFa
lse(
F)i
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.

13.Thege
ner
icna
mef
ort
hek
eysus
edi
nmovi
ngt
hec
urs
ora
roundt
hes
cre
eni
sca
ll
ed

Cur
sor–move
mentora
rrowke
ys.T

14.Exc
els
pre
ads
hee
tdi
spl
aysa
ner
rorme
ssa
gei
fyoue
nte
reda
ninc
orr
ectf
ormul
a.
T

15.Exc
els
pre
ads
hee
tdoe
snota
ll
owanumbe
rtobee
nte
redi
nac
ell
.F

16.Tr
ans
mis
siont
hatoc
cur
sinonl
yonedi
rec
ti
oni
sknowna
sFul
ldupl
ex.F

17.TheI
nte
rne
tSe
rvi
cePr
ovi
dere
nabl
etheus
erst
ose
nde
mai
lonl
y.F

10
18.Thea
bbr
evi
at
ionURLs
tandsf
or…Uni
ver
salRe
sour
ceLoc
ati
on.F

20.Pr
ess
ingALTa
nd15
5(f
romnume
ricke
y)wi
llpr
oduc
ethec
edis
ign.T

1.Dr a
wadi agr
amtoi
ll
ust
rat
eea
choft
hef
oll
owi
ng:(
i)St
ar(
ii
)Busa
nd
(
ii
i)Ringne
twork.

STAR BUS

RI
NG

2.Di
st
ingui
shbe
twe
enI
nputa
ndOut
putde
vic
es
InputDe vic
e
Transl
ateda t
a/
pr ogr
amsint
oafor
mt ha
tc ompute
rcanpr
oce
ss.
Theye xistt
oc onver
tdat
aint
oaformthatthecomput
erc
anrea
d/unde
rst
and
Eg.Ke yboar
d,mous e
Outputdevi
ces
Tra
ns l
atedat
a/
progr
amsint
oama c
hiner
eada
bletohumanre
ada
ble
Pur
pos eist
oconver
tinf
ormat
ioni
ntoaf
ormthathumanca
nrea
d/unde
rst
and.

11
E.
g.pr
int
er,moni
tor

4.Thefi
gurebelowisapr
o-f
ormainvoi
cerece i
vedfr
omaKERMACa
rpe
tLt
d
A B C D E
1 De scr
ipt
ion Quanti
ty Uni tPri
ce Amount
2 Cur t
ai
nFa bri
c 36 75,000
3 Ta pe 25 18,000
4 Ac ces
sorie
s 13 160,000
5 VAT
6 NHI L
7

(
a)Pr
ovi
debe
lowaf
ormul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
heVATi
nce
llD5be
low(
VATI
S12.
5%)

D5=0.
125*D4………………………………………………….
5ma
rks

(
b)Pr
ovi
debe
lowaf
ormul
aca
lcul
at
ingt
heNHI
Lint
heD6be
low(
NHI
Lis2.
5%)

D6=0.
025*D4………………………………………………….
5ma
rks

(
c)I
nce
llD7wr
it
edownaf
ormul
aforde
ter
mini
ngTot
alt
axt
obepa
id.

D7=D5+D6………………………………………………….
.5ma
rks
.

GNS221–I
NTRODUCTIONTOI NFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
SECTI
ONA(2mar
ksa
warde
dfore
achques
ti
oni
nthi
sse
cti
on)

Fi
lli
nthebl
anks

1.Thema
jorke
yboa
rds
tanda
rdf
ort
hePCwor
ldi
sthe……….
.QWERTY

2.Thege
ner
alna
megi
vent
othemous
e,t
rac
kba
ll
,joys
ti
cke
tci
s… poi
nti
ngde
vic
e.

3.OMRi
sthea
bbr
evi
at
ionf
or….Opt
ica
lma
rkr
ecogni
ti
on.

4.Ade
vic
etha
tconve
rtsa
nal
ogs
igna
ltodi
git
ala
ndvi
ceve
rsai
sca
ll
eda…mode
m.

5.Conve
rti
ngf
roma
nal
ogt
odi
git
ali
sca
ll
ed…………………… de
modul
ati
on

6.Themos
tcommonc
ommuni
cat
ionme
diumi
sthe……………wi
repa
ir/
twi
st
edpa
ir

12
7.Ha
lf–dupl
ext
rans
mis
sions
endsda
tai
nbot
hdi
rec
ti
ons……… butonea
tti
me.

8.Me
tropol
it
anAr
eaNe
twor
kisane
twor
ktha
tcove
rsa…….
ci
ty/t
own.

9.Ani
nte
rfa
ces
oft
war
eus
edt
oexpl
oret
heI
nte
rne
tisc
all
eda……….Br
ows
er

12.Thea
bbr
evi
at
ionWYSI
WYGs
tandsf
or……….Wha
tyous
eei
swha
tyouge
t.

I
ndi
cat
ethea
nswe
rasTr
ue(
T)orFa
lse(
F)i
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.
13 Si
mulationisnotanappli
cat
ionofmul t
imediai
nEduc at
ion. F
14 Text
,graphicandimagethathavetheil
lusi
onofmotionisknowna sa
nima
ti
on T
15 Thepointi
ngde vi
ceusedforcomputergamesisknowna sthej
oyst
ick T
16 Exce
lupdate
sresul
tsa
utomati
cal
lyift
hedatai
nrefe
renc
ecell
shascha
nged T
For
mul
aandar
efe
renc
etoa
not
herc
ell
.
17 Excelspr
eadshe
etdoesnota
ll
owc haract
erstobeente
redinacel
l F
18 Thefunct
ionkeysonthecompute
rperformthes a
mef unc
ti
ons F
19 Textisuse
di nmult
imedi
atoconveyinfor
ma ti
on. T
20 Ane xampleofel
ect
roni
cbookisMi c
rosoftEncart
a. T

SECTIONB
1.Dr awadia
gra
mtoi
ll
ust
rat
eea
choft
hefol
lowi
ng:(
i)s
impl
ex(
ii
)ha
lfdupl
ex
(
ii
i)Ful
ldupl
ex.

Si
mpl
ex A B

Ha
lfdupl
ex A B

Ful
ldupl
ex
A B

3.Whatisac
ompute
rdis
pla
ymoni
tora
ndwhya
ret
heyus
eful
?Wha
ttype
s
ands
ize
sarea
vai
la
ble?

13
Ac omputerdis
playmonit
or,al
soc a
ll
edavi de
odispla
ytermi
nal(
VDT)ors i
mply
amonitor,i
sapi ec
eofTV-l i
keelect
ri
calequi
pmentthati
spar
tofthecomput
er’
s
dis
playsyst
e m.
Iti
son eofthemos ti
mport
antcomponentsofthec
omput e
rbec
auseite
nabl
esthe
usert
os eewh a
teveri
sta
kingplaceonthecomputer.

Themoni
tori
susual
lyei
theraCat
hode-RayTube( CRT)orsomef
ormoffl
atpa
nel
suc
hasaThinFil
mTr a
nsist
or–Li
quidCryst
alDispla
y(TFT-LCD)dis
pla
yand
Comeins
izessuc
has15-inch(
15”
),17-inch(17”
),21-i
nche
s .

3.Expl
ai
nwhymul time diaisimpor ta ntine duc a
ti
on
itisa nidea lpla t
formf ora dva nce dfo rmsoftea chi
nga ndl ear
ning
Itpr ovidesahi ghde greeofi nte r
a ct
ivitywhic hisessenti
a lforact
ivel
ear
ning.
Ifpr operlyde ve l
ope d,itcouldr evolutional
izee ducat
ion
 Mult i
me diaa ppe al
st odif
fe rents tyl
e soflearning.
Itinc r
ea s
esr etentionbyma kingt hes tudentactiveinlearning.
 Helpstopr ovi def eedbacka ndde c i
sionma kingr es
ourc e
s.
 Helpsinpr ovi dingt heuniquee xpe ri
e ncesofstudent
 Make slearnin ginterest
ing
4.Us
ethesprea
dshee
tbe
lowtoanswe rtheque
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ow:
.
A B C D E
1 I t
ems Cost
(Ce di) Cos t(
Ghana Qua nt
it
y Tot
al(
Ghana
NewCe di
) Newcedi
)
2 Ca r 22,
000,000 30
3 Tube l
essNe c
k 27,
678 24
4 Ca rEngine 13,
500.000 15
5 Ave ra
ge

(
a)Provi
debelowafor
mulaf
orc
alcul
at
ingthea
mountincel
lc2bel
ow
=B2/10,
000
(
b)Provi
debelowafor
mulaf
orca
lcul
ati
ngtheave
ragei
ncellB5be
low
=Average(B2:
B4)or=Sum(B2:B4)/
3or=Ave r
age(B2+B3+B4)

(
c)I
nce
llE2wri
tedownafor
mul
aforde
ter
miningt
het
ota
l
=C2*D2
QUI
ZONE CANDI DATENUMBER:PRCE/ / .
GNS221–I NTRODUCTI
ONTOI NFORMATIONTECHNOLOGY
SECTI
ONA.2ma
rkse
ach.Fi
lli
nthebl
anks

14
 1.TheE-
mai
list
hee
lec
troni
cve
rsi
onoft
he………Tr
adi
ti
ona
l/Pos
talorSna
ilma
il.

2.De
vic
eus
edt
oboos
t/a
mpl
if
ywe
ake
neds
igna
lsa
longane
twor
kisc
all
ed….
.Re
pea
ter

3.Thege
ner
icna
mef
ore
achde
vic
eonane
twor
kisa………… node

4.Thepa
tt
ern/
topol
ogyt
hatc
onne
ctse
ver
ynodet
oonehos
tisc
all
ed……… St
ar

5.Moz
il
laFi
ref
oxi
sane
xampl
eof……….We
bBr
ows
er/Br
ows
er

6.Whi
chde
vic
ere
cei
vesa
ndc
onve
rtss
igna
ltous
abl
einf
orma
ti
on…… Re
cei
ver

7.TheI
nte
rne
tisama
ssi
vene
twor
kof……….Ne
twor
ks/WAN,LAN&MAN

8.I
nputi
ntot
hec
omput
erc
ome
sint
wof
ormsna
mel
y…… a
nd…… Da
taa
ndi
nst
ruc
tion

9.Touc
hSc
ree
nsa
cce
pti
nputdi
rec
tl
ythr
ougha…….Moni
tor
/Sc
ree
n

10.
Ment
iontwoWe bs
it
est
hatmobi
leI
nte
rne
tus
ersvi
si
t? We
athe
r,Ent
ert
ainme
nt,a
nde
-
mai
lWe bsi
tes

Indi
cat
ea sT( True)orF( False)
11 Te xtco nveyinf ormationmor evividl
yt hangraphics T F
12 MI DIi sMus i
ca lInstr
ume ntDi gi
ta
lInt e
rface T F
13 Ac hartisnotagr aphictermi nmul ti
me dia T F
14 Clipa r
ti sanexa mpl eofdi gitalimage T F
15 Dis pla
yi ngas eriesofa nima ti
onc r
e a
tesas t
illgra
phic T F
16 Amous ec anha veas erial
/PS2orUSBc onnector T F
17 Printersc anproduc ebot hs oftcopyandha rdc opyoutput T F
18 Printersc anbec l
assif
ieda simpa ctprinter
sandHa rdprint
ers T F
19 PPM me ansPa gesPe rPrin t T F
10 AnI SPi sar e
gi onalorna tionalaccessprovider. T F

SECTI
ONB(Shor
tAnswerquest
ion.15markseach)
Whati
sMul
ti
medi
aappl
ica
tion?(b)Wr i
tes
hortnote
sont
hef
ive(
5)e
leme
ntsofmul
ti
medi
a.

Multimedi
aa ppli
cati
oni
nvolvessof
twa r
ewhichuse
smoretha
nonemediat
opr
esenti
nfor
mati
on.
Inotherwordsi ti
sa nappl
icat
ionthatuse
smor et
hanonekindofme
diat
odel
ivercont
entand
func
tional
it
y.
Thefiveele
me ntsareTe
xt,vide
o,animati
on,gr
aphi
csanda
udio.
Explai
ne a
che le
me nt

15
Whati
sane
twor
kanda
nInt
erne
t?Pe
opl
eus
etheI
nte
rne
tforava
rie
tyofr
eas
ons
.St
atef
iveof
t
hem

A ne
twor
ki sac ol
le
c t
ionofcompute
rsa
nddevi
cesc
onne
cte
dtoge
the
r,of
tenwi
rel
ess
lyvi
a
c
ommu ni
cat
ionde
vicesandt
rans
miss
ionme
dia
.

The Int
erne
ti sa worldwi
de c
olle
cti
on ofnet
wor
kst hatconne
ctsmi
ll
ionsofbus
ine
ss,
gove
rnments’a
genc
ies
,educa
ti
ona
linst
it
uti
onsa
ndi
ndi
vidual
s.

Peopl
eus et heinte
r ne tfor
:
Communi cation
Researcha nsAc ce
s sI nfor
mati
on
Shoppinga ndonl i
net ra
ding
Bankinga ndi nves
tme nts
Enter
tainme nt
Downl oadingofvi de os,musi
candmovi
es
Shari
ngofi nformation
We bapplica t
ions
Advertise
me nts
,et
c .

Us
ethei
nfor
mat
ionpr
ovi
dedbe
lowt
oans
wert
heque
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ow

A B C D E
1 J
an-March Apr
il-J
une J
uly–Se
pt. Oct–Nov.
2 Ope ningBa nkBalance 20000
3 Expe nditur
e
4 Wa ge s 2340
5 El
ec tri
c i
ty?Ma t
eri
als 700
6 Ove rheads 1200
7 Totale xpendi
tur
e ?
? ?
8
9 Sa
lesInc
ome 13200
10 Pr
ofi
tthi
squar
ter ?
??
11 Cl
osingBankBal
anc
e ?
???

a
)Pr
ovi
deaf
ormul
arf
orc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
he“
Tot
al(
expe
ndi
tur
e)f
orc
ellB7

=B4+B5+B6 or=Sum(
B4:
B6)

b)Pr
ovi
det
hef
ormul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
hepr
ofi
tforonequa
rte
r

=B9-[Sum(
B4:
B6)
] or=B9–B7

c
)Pr
ovi
det
hef
ormul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
hec
los
ingba
nkba
lanc
e.

16
 =B9–(
B4+B5+B6) orB2+B10.

GNS221–I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY
SECTI
ONA2MARKSEACH.
1.The
rea
ret
hre
ewor
ksh
eet
sbydef
aul
tina
nybl
ank………wor
kbook

2.Awor
kbookc
anc
ont
ai
nupt
o…………… s
hee
ts 255

3.Ina
nys
pre
ads
heetli
keMSExc e
l,Rowsa
rei
dent
if
iedbynume
ricl
abe
lsa
ndc
olumns
by…………. a
lphabet
icl
abe
ls

4.Da
tae
ntr
yar
easi
nas
pre
ads
hee
tar
eca
ll
ed……………….Ce
lls

5.Amous
eandaj
oys
ti
cka
rea
llc
las
sif
ieds
pec
ifi
cal
lya
s………… poi
nti
ngde
vic
es

6.Thea
cronymMI
CRs
tandsf
orMa
gne
ti
cInk………… Re
cogni
ti
on.Cha
rac
ter

7.Thef
ullna
mef
ort
het
ermTFTi
sThi
nFi
lm……… t
rans
ist
or

8.Apl
asmamoni
torus
es…….t
echnol
ogyi
nit
sdi
spl
ay.Ga
spl
asma

9.Da
tapr
oje
ctor
sar
eexa
mpl
esof……….
.de
vic
esout
put

10.Ea
rbudc
anbec
las
sif
ieda
sbot
h……… a
nd………out
putde
vic
ess
ound/
audi
o

I
ndi
cat
easT(
tr
ue)ofF(
Fal
se)

11 Youc andist
inguishonec el
lfroma notherbyit
sa ddr
ess T F
12 Ane xampleofac elladdressi
s$23 T F
13 Ane xampleofaf ormulais=a dd(A1+A2) T F
14 B7:
B9r epr
esentscell
sB7a ndB9onl y T F
15 TheCa ncelandtheEnt erappearintheformulabar T F
16 Astylusisane xampleofa nInputdevice T F
17 Acame r
aisane xampleofa nInputdevice T F
18 Atouc hscre
eni st
hes amea stouchpad T F
19 Anothernamef orbarc odereaderisbarcodescanner T F
20 Fac
er ecognit
ionsystemsa reexamplesofinputdevic
es T F

Ide
nti
fythef
ivepa
rtsoft
heke
yboa
rda
nds
tat
ethef
unc
ti
onofe
achpa
rt.
Thepart
soft
hekeyboard

17
  Functi
onkeys
 Alphanumerick eys
 Nume ri
ckeypa d
 Speci
alpurpos ekeys
 Arrow/Dir
ectional/
Navi
gat
iona
lke
ys

FUNCTI
ONS

Funct
ionkeysares
pecia
lkeyspr
ogr
amme dt
oiss
uec ommandstot
hecomput
e r
.Thecommand
ass
ociat
edwi t
haf unct
ionkeymayva rydepe
ndingont heprogr
am wit
hwhi chyouare
i
nter
acti
ngwi t
h.Toiss
uecommands,us
ersc
anpres
saf unc
tionke
yincombinat
ionwit
hot
her
spec
ialkeys

Ar
row/Dir
ect
ionalKeys
Us
ersca
npres
st hear
rowke
yst
omovet
hei
nse
rti
onpoi
ntt
othel
eft
,ri
ght
,upordown.

Numer
ickeys
The
sekeysar
eus
edt
oent
ernumbe
rsa
nds
omea
rit
hme
ti
cope
rat
ors

Alpha
numericke
ys
Theyareus
edtoent
erc
har
act
ers
,numbe
rs,a
nds
omes
pec
ials
ymbol
s

Spe
cia
lPur
pos
eKe
ysa
rea
lsous
edt
omovet
hei
nse
rti
onpoi
ntsa
ndot
herr
ela
tedf
unc
ti
ons

HowDi
dtheI
nte
rne
tEvol
ve?

TheInternet
,alsocal
ledtheNe t
,isawor ldwidecollect
ionofne tworksthatlinks
mill
ionsofbus i
ness
es,governmenta genci
es,educati
ona li
ns t
it
uti
ons,andi ndividuals.TheI nt
ernet
hasitsroot
sinARPANET,ane twor kst
a r
tedin1969t olinkscie
ntif
icanda ca demicr e
sea r
chers
acr
osstheUn i
tedStates
.In1986,t heNa t
ionalScienceFounda ti
onc onne ctedi t
shugene twork,
cal
ledNSFne t,t
oARPANET,c reat
ingac onfigur
a t
ionofc omplexne t
worksa ndhos tsthatbecame
knowna stheInter
net.Today,moretha n550mi ll
ionhos tcomputersconnec ttotheI nte
rnet.

Wha tIsthePur pos eofaWe bBr owser,andWha tAr

etheCompone ntsofaWe bAddress?
A We bbr ows e r
,orbr owser,i
sa ppli
c a
tions oft
war
et ha tall
owsus erst oa cce
ssandvi ew Web
pagesora ccessWe bprograms.Wi t
ha nI nt
ernetconne
c tionesta
bli
she d,yous ta
rtaWe bbrowse
r,
whichthe nretrievesandd is
playsas t
art
ingWe bpage,s ome t
imesc a
lledahomepa ge.Thehome
pageusua l
lyc ontainsli
nkstootherWe bpa ges.
Alink,shortf orhype r
li
nk,isabuilt-
inc onnecti
ontoa notherrel
at
e dWe bpageorpartofaWe b
page.A We bpa geha sauni quea ddressc all
edaURL( Unif
orm Re sourc
eLoc at
or),orWe b
addr
e ss
.
AWe baddres sc onsi
st
so faprotoc
ol,adoma i
nname,a nds ometi
me st hepathtoaspe ci
fi
cWe b
pageorloc a
tiononaWe bpa ge
..

18
WhatIsI nput,andWha tAretheDiff
erencesa
mongaPr ogr
am,aComma nd,andaUs erRespons
e?
I
nputisa nyda t
aori nst
ruc
ti
onse nt
ere
di ntot
hememor yofacomputer.Apr ogramisaseriesof
r
elat
edi nstru
c ti
onst hatte
llsac omputerwhatta
skst operf
orma ndhow t ope r
for
mt he m.A
c
omma ndi sani ns
tructi
onthatcaus
esapr ogr
amtop e
rfor
mas peci
ficact
ion.Aus eri
ss saus
ue er
r
esponsebyr e pl
yingt oaquesti
ondis
playedbyaprogra
mt operf
ormc e
rtai
na ct
ions
.

Wha tAr eDi f

ferentMous eTypes,andHowDoYouUs eaMous e
?
Amous eisapoi ntingdevicet
hatfit
sunderthepa l
mofyourhand.Anopt i
ca lmouseusesdevices
thatemitands ensel i
ghttodetectt
hemous e
’ smove me .Al
nt ase
rmouseuse salaserandismor e
expensivetha na nopt i
calmous e. A wir
elessmous e,orcor
dlessmouse,t r
ansmit
sda t
aus ing
wirele
sst echnology.Asy oumoveamous e,themous epoi
ntermovesont hes c
reen.Yout hen
pressamous ebut t
on( usual
lytheleft
)toclickobject
s.Someprogra
mss upportmous egestures
,
whe r
eus ersc a
npe r f
ormc er
tai
na ct
ionsbyholdingamous ebutt
onwhilemovi ngthemous eina
parti
cul
a rpatte
rn.
I
ndi
cat
eT(
TRUE)orF(
FALSE)
1 Asinglegove r
nme nta gencyownsa ndcontr
olstheInt
erne t
. F
DSL pr ovides hi gh-speedI nter
netc onnecti
ons through the cable
2 t
ele
visionne t
wor k. T
Ingene r
al,thefirstporti
onofe achIPa ddr
essident
ifi
est henetwor
ka nd
3 t
helastporti
oni dentif
iesthespecif
iccomputer. T
AWe b2.0We bs i
tec annev e
rall
owus erst
omodi fyWe bs it
econte
nt.
4 F
AWe bpa geha sauni quea ddre
ss,cal
ledaURLorWe ba ddres
s.
5 T
6 Hype r
textcombi nestext-base
dlinkswithgraphi
c,audio,andvideoli
nks.
F
Th ema j
ordi s
advantagewi t
has ubjectdi re
ctor
yi sthatus er
sha ve
7 diffi
cul
tyde ci
dingwhi chcategor
iestoc hoosea st
heyworkt hroughthe T
me nusoflinkspresente
d
Mos tsocialnetworkingWe bs i
te
si ncl
udec hatrooms,newsgroups,and
8 othercommuni cati
onss e
rvi
ces. T
Streamingdi s
allowsus er
sfrom acc e
ssi
nga ndusingaf i
lewhi leitis
9 tr
a nsmit
ti
ng T

NB:Stre
amingist
heproc
essoft
ransf
err
ingdat
ainacont
inuousandevenfl
ow.Stre
amingal
lows
user
stoacc
essanduseafi
lewhi
leiti
strans
mit
ti
ng.Fore
xa mpl,s
e tr
eamingaudi
oenabl
esyouto
li
st
entomusica
sitdownl
oadst
oyourcomputer
.

Wha tAreVa ri
ousBiomet
ricDevices
?
A biome t
ri
cde vi
cetra
nsl
atesap er
sonalchar
acter
is
ti
ci nt
odigi
ta
lc odetha
tisc ompar
edwit
ha
digi
talcodestore
dinthecomputertoident
if
yani ndi
vidual
.Afingerpr
intr
eadercapt
ure
scur
ves
andi ndent
at
ionsofaf ingerpr
int.A facerecogni
ti
ons yst
emc a
pturesalivef a
ceimageand

19
comparesitwithastor
e dimageAha ndgeome tr
ysys t
em measure
stheshapeandsizeofahand.
A voiceve r
ifi
cati
ons yst
emc ompareslives peechwi thas t
oredvoicepa t
ten. A s
r ignat
ure
veri
fi
cati
ons ys
temrecognize
st heshapeofas ignat
ure.Aniri
srecogni
ti
onsyste
mr ea
dspatte
rnsin
thei
risoftheeye.Reti
nalscannerssc
a npatt
ernsofbloodvessel
sinthebackofthere
ti
na.

Wha tAret heCha racte

ris t
icsofVa r i
ousDi s
pla yDe vices?
Adi spla
yde vice,ors impl ydi spla
y,i sa nout putde vicethatvisual
lyc onve ystext,graphics,a nd
videoinformationa ndc ons i
stsofas c r
e enandt hec ompone ntsthatproduc etheinforma t
ionont he
scre
en.De sktopc omput e r
stypic a
llyus eamoni tora sthei
rdisplayde vice
;mos tmobi l
ec omput e r
s
andde vicesintegratethedi splayi ntot hesamephys ica
lc as
e .LCDmoni tors,LCDs cree
ns ,a nd
plas
mamoni t
orsa retype soff la t-
pa neldi splays.A f l
atpaneldisplayi sal i
ghtweightdi splay
devicewi t
has hallowde pththattypicallyuse sLCDo rgasplasmat echnology.
AnLCD moni t
ori sade sktopmoni tort hatus esal iqui
dc rystaldisplayt opr oduceima ges .A
plas
mamoni tori sadi splayde vicet hatus e
sga splasmat echnology,whi chs ubs t
it
ute
sal ayerof
gasforthel i
quidc ryst
alma t
erialina nLCDmoni tor.
ACRTmoni torisade s ktopmoni tort hatcont ansac
i at
hode-raytube( CRT) .CRTmoni t
orst ake
upmor ede skspa ceandt husa renotus e dmuc ht oday.

Wha
tAret
heTypesofI
nte
rnetAccessProvide
rs?
Ana
cce
sspr
ovi
derisabus
ine
s st
hatprovide
sa c
cesst
otheI
nte
rne
tfr
eeorf
oraf
ee.

AnISP(Int
ernets
ervic
eprovider
)i saregi
onalornati
ona lac
c e
ssprovide
r
Anonlineser
viceprovi
der(OSP)pr ovi
desInter
netacce
s sinaddit
iontome mbers
-onl
yfe
a t
ure
s.
A wire
lessInte
rnetser
viceproviderprovideswirel
essI nt
ernetacces
stode skt
opandnotebook
computer
sandmobi ledevi
ceswit hbuil
t-i
nwi r
eles
sc apabil
iti
es(suchasWi -
Fi)ortocomputer
s
usi
ngwi r
ele
ssmode msorwi r
ele
ssa cce
ssde vi
ces.

GNS221–I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY
SECTI
ONA(2ma
rksf
ore
achque
sti
on)
.Fi
lli
nthebl
anks

1.Toe
nte
rte
xta
ndc
har
act
ersi
ntot
hec
omput
eryouwi
llne
edade
vic
eca
ll
ed…ake
yboa
rd…

2.Thewhe
ell
oca
tedbe
twe
ent
het
wobut
tonsoft
hemous
eisus
edf
or……s
crol
li
ng

3.Thet
woma
ini
nputde
vic
esf
oundonamode
rnl
apt
opa
ret
heke
yboa
rda
nd….mous
e

4.Thei
nputdevic
ealwa
ysusedwit
haspee
chrecogni
ti
onsoft
war
eist
he…mi
crophone
5.Ase
tofprogra
msthatma
nagest
hedat
atra
nsmiss
ionisca
ll
ed………
net
wor
king.
soft
ware
.

NB:Ac tual
lythes oftwarethatmanage
stheda t
atrans
miss
ionwillbethedevi
cedrive
ra ss
ociat
ed
withthehar
dwa rei nvolvedbuttheque
stionre
ferr
edto“asetofprograms”t
hiscanonlyrefe
rto
the“net
works ubsys te
m” ,t
hene t
worksubsyst
emc omesundert
hec ate
goryof“sys
tems of
tware”
but“syst
ems oft
wa r ewouldnotb eanappropr
iat
eanswerasnotallsys
temsoft
wa r
eisusedfor
datatr
ansmissi
on.

20
6.At
rans
mit
te
rta
kesi
nfor
mat
iona
ndc
onve
rtsi
tto…….
fort
rans
mis
sion.as
igna
l

7.Abr
ows
eri
sapi
eceofs
oft
war
eus
edt
ore
ad………… we
bpa
ges

8.Ar
ingne
twor
kli
nksa
llnode
stoge
the
rin…………ac
irc
leorLoopf
orm

9.Themove
mentoft
ext
,gr
aphi
csa
ndi
mage
sisc
all
ed………… a
nima
tion

10.Thea
ctofr
espondi
ngt
oque
sti
onspos
edbymul
ti
medi
asys
temsi
sca
ll
ed………i
nte
rac
tion

Indi
cat
easT( t
rue)ofF( fal
se)int hes paceprovide d
11Joyst
icksarethemos tappropria t
ei nputdevic
et ous eforcomputerga
mes.T
12.MsExc eldocume ntc annotbee xportedintoMsWor dF
13DotMa t
ri
xpr inte
rscr eat
eima ge sa ndcha r
act
e rsbypl a
cingdotsT
14Ane xampleofda t
aba sesoft
wa r eisMSPowe rPoint
.F
15MSAc cesscanbeus edforque r i
esT
16Anotherna mef orthea rr
owke ysist hecursormov e
me ntkeysT
17Plot
ter
sa redevicesus edine ngine eri
nga ndarchitect
uralenvi
ronmentsT
18Technologyha snoi mpa ctono the rcurri
culuma r
easF
19Changinginstructi
ona lstr
ate
gyi stos el
ectappr opri
atema t
eri
alsa
ndtool
sT
20Digit
alcame raisane xa mpleofout put.F

SECTI
ONB( 15markse
ach).AnswerALLquest
ions
Answe
rthef
oll
owi
ngquest
ionsascl
ear
lyasyoucanint
hes
pac
espr
ovi
ded

1.Ter
minol
ogiesus
edformouseoper
ati
onare
:(i)Poi
nt(
ii
)Cl
ick(
ii
i)Doubl
eCl
ick(
iv)Dr
ag.
Expl
aint
heabovete
rmi
nologi
esaspr
eci
sel
yasyoucan.

Point
:Thea bi
lit
ytomovea nicont hatrepre
sent
sthemous et oa nypositi
onont hescre
e n.
Move ment
softhemousea r
erepl
icat
e dbytheon-sc
ree
niconor“ pointe
r”.TheIconrepr
esent
ing
themouseonthes c
reenisgener
all
ya na r
rowbutma yatt
ime sbecomeaha nd,anhour
gla
sse tc
dependi
ngontheappli
cat
ionandwha ttheuse
rhasdonepre
viousl
y

Click:Al s
oknowna sas i
nglec l
ick,thisisachi
evedbypr es
singa ndr el
e as
ingoneoft hemous e
buttons .Theterm“ click”us uall
yre f
erstotheuseoft heleftmous ebut tonwhi chisgeneral
lyuse d
tose lectasingleite
mont hescreen;thisma ybea niconrepresentingaf ile,afol
der,aPowe rPoint
objec t,anExc elcelle t
c.Us ingwi ndowsopt ionsi tispos siblet ha tas i
ngleleftclickma y
“activa t
e”anI con–s ome thi
ngu suall
ya chie
vedbyd oubl
ec li
cki ng–s e ebe l
ow.Whe ncombine d
witht heShiftorCont rolKe ysthec lickcanbeus edt os el
ectmul tiplei te
msa tthes amet i
me .
Middl eClick-Cl i
ckingt hec entr
albut t
onorwhe el(formic et hats uppor tthewhe elasat hird
button)e nablesas crollfuncti
on.Ri ghtCl i
ck-Cl ic
kingont her i
ghtbut ton–wi l
lus ual
lyope na
conte xtdepende ntme nut hatisame nua ppropri
ateforwha ttheus erc urrentl
yhass e
lect
e dandi s
doing.

21
DoubleCl i
ck:Thedoubl ec l
ickispe rf
ormedwi ththel e f
tmous ebut t
onwhi chi sdepr es
seda nd
rel
eas
edt wiceinquicks uccess
ion.Thea ll
owe dinter
va lbetwe e
nt hetwoc li
cksi sver yshortbut
canbec hangedthrought hecontrolpanelforusersthatha vepoormobi li
tyint heirfinger
s.The
doubl
ec l
ickisusedt o“acti
vate”items.Thusdoublec l
ic ki
ngona niconthatrepresent
sapr ogram
willr
unt heprogr
am,doubl ec l
ickingona niconthatre present
sadoc ume ntwillrunt heprogram
ass
ociat
edwi ththa tdocume nta ndloadt hedoc ume ntr eadyf orviewingore dit
ing.Doubl e
cl
icki
ngonaf ol
derwi l
lopenthef olde
rtodisplaytheit
e msi tcontai
ns.

Drag:TheDragisusuall
ype rf
ormedwi t
hthel ef
tmous ebutt
onal
thoughs omepr ogramssuchas
Excelal
soma keuseof“rightdrag”whichisperfor
me dwithther
ightmous ebut
ton.Thedragis
achi
evedbyholdi
ngdownt hemousebutt
on,a ndwiththebutt
onhelddown,movi ngt hemouseto
anewpos i
ti
on.TheDragma ybeusedtosele
ctmul t
ipl
eobject
sinafolder,inPowe r
Pointet
c.The
dr
a gmaya l
sobeusedwi t
has el
ecte
dobjecttomov eittoane wpos i
ti
on.TheDr agcanalsobe
usedtore
-si
zeobje
ctsandwi ndowsorwhe nusedonas crol
lba
rtoscrol
lthroughadoc ument.

2.Dr
awadi
agr
amt
oil
lus
tra
teaSt
arne
twor
k.Wha
tar
ethea
dva
nta
gesoft
hist
ypeofne
twor
k?

Alt
houghitusesmor
eca
bli
ngt
hant
hebusorr
ingne
twor
ks,t
heSt
arTopol
ogyof
fer
sthe
f
oll
owingbene
fit
s:

 Apr obl
e monawi r
eonlya f
fectsonenode .
 Faul tfi
ndingissimple
 Itisr e
lati
velyeasytoaddne wnode s
 Re mova l/
fai
lureofnodesorlinkswi llonl
ya ff
ectonenode.
 Linksa renotsharedsoove r
allthroughputisdete
rminedbythecapa
cit
yofthecent
ralnode
.
 Sec uri
tyisenhancedbec a
usethel inksonlycarr
ytraf
fi
ctoorfromanyoneindi
vidua
lnode
 Inve st
me nti
nthec ent
ralnodema kesthenetworkfas
terandmorere
li
able
.
 Ifthec entr
alnodefail
sitisrela
tive l
ysimpletorepl
ace.

3.ExplainwhyMi crosoftPowerPointca
nbeus edf ormul ti
me diapresentat
ion.
Multi
me diasi
mplyme ansusi
ngmor et
hanoneme diumf orconve yi
ngi nfor
ma t
ion.
Aswe llasusi
ngt e
xt,Powe rPointcancombineothe rvisualinformation(e .g.Drawings,Pic
tur e
s,
Diagr
ams ,Photographsa ndVi deo),witha udi
oi nf
orma ti
on( e.
g.Mus i
c ,Sounds,Na rrat
ion).
PowerPointal
soha sthea bil
it
ytoa nimat
e(addmov e
me ntt
o)ot herwisesta t
icite
mss uchast ext
andPicture
s.I
tisthisabili
tytoblendmulti
plewa ysofc onve yingthes ameinforma t
ionthatma kes

22
Powe
rPoi
ntaMul
ti
medi
atool
.

4.Give
nt hecont
inuousa
sse
ssmenta
ndExamsMa r
kscons
ti
tut
e40% a
nd60% r
espe
cti
vel
y,us
e
thes
preadshe
etbe
lowt oa
nswert
heques
ti
onst
hatf
oll
ow

A B C D E F G
NAME ASSESS EXAM ASSESSM EXAM TOTAL REMARK
MENT S ENT (60%) MARK
(
100%) (
100%) (40%)
JAMES 65 70
ADAM ?
??? ?
???
PAUL 75 65
SMART
ESI 73 55
MENDS

a
)Pr
ovidebe
lowafor
mul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngt
heva
luei
nce
llD2be
low
=B2*40/
100OR =B2*0. 4 OR =B2*40%

b)Pr
ovi
debe
lowafor
mul
aforc
alc
ula
ti
ngtheva
luei
nce
llE2be
low
=C2*60/
100 OR =C2*0.6 OR =C2*60%

c)I
ncellG2writ
edownaformul
atodispla
ythecomme nt“
PASS”or“
FAI
L”
Ass
umingthatt
hepassmar
kis60%thef or
mulawillbe
=if
(F2<60,
”FAIL”,
”PASS”)OR =if
(F2>=60,”PASS”,
”FAIL”
)

Wha
tar
ethepos
it
ivea
ndne
gat
ivee
ffe
ctsofmode
rnt
echnol
ogi
esonc
ommuni
cat
ion?

Pos
it
iveEff
ect
s:
 TheSpe edofmoder
nt ec
hnol
ogyal
lowsthese
ndingofmusic,l
argedoc
ume
nts
,pi
ct
ure
s
andeve
nvideoe
lec
troni
cal
lywhe
reonceonl
yvoic
ewa spos
sibl
e.

 TheInte
rnet
,aprimee
xampleofmoder
ntechnol
ogya
ll
owspe
opl
etoc
ommuni
cat
ewi
th
expe
rtsal
lovert
hewor
ldt
hroughe
mailorc
hat.

 Theint
erne
thasa l
soma deitposs
ibl
etododist
ancelear
ningcour
ses
:fore
xampl
e,
st
udyi
ngwithUni
vers
it
ie
sa l
love
rtheworl
dus
inge
lec
troni
cres
ourc
es.

 Moder
nCommuni
cat
ionsmeanst
hati
tispos
sibl
etoa
cce
ssi
nfor
mat
ionona
lmos
tany
t
opi
cinat
rul
ymul
ti
-mediaf
orm.

 Pe
oplec
anbui
ldsoc
iala
ndbusi
nes
snet
wor
kswit
hpeopl
efroma roundt
heworl
d.
 Newsca
nbediss
eminat
edve
ryqui
ckl
ymakin
gitve
rydif
fi
c ul
tforgove
rnment
stoc
ont
rol

23
 t
hepopul
oust
hroughpr
opa
ganda
.

 Knowledgecannowbeprovi
dedinel
ect
roni
cfor
mstha
tcanbeac
ces
sedsimul
tane
ously
byahugenumbe rofus
ersatver
ylow cost
.Use
rsmayta
kecopi
esofthedat
awi t
hout
di
srupt
ingea
chothe
r.

Ne
gati
veEf fec
ts
 Thosewi t
houtacc
esstomode r
ntechnol
ogiesbecomesecondclas
scit
iz
ens
.
 Thea nonymityofsoci
a lne
tworksisopentoa buse
,peoplepret
endtobesome
thi
ngthey
ar
enoti nordert
oe xtortmoneyort oappropri
at
eotherthingsfr
om naï
veuse
rsofthe
te
chnology.

 Thef
astc
ommuni
cat
iona
ndi
nte
rconne
cti
onc
anbeus
edt
ost
eali
nte
ll
ect
ualpr
ope
rty

 Technol
ogycanbeus
edtodis
ruptthef
unc
tioningofl
egi
ti
matebus
ine
sse
sbyus
ingt
hei
r
communica
ti
onli
nkst
ocor
ruptdat
aortodi
sablevit
alc
ompute
rs.

 A highde gr
eeoft ec
hni
calknowledgei
srequi
redtokeept
hecommuni
cat
ionsys
tems
f
unctioni
ngr el
ia
bly.Thi
se xpe
rti
sema ynotbea va
il
abl
etoal
lpot
ent
ia
lus e
rsofthe
t
echnology.

 Thelac
kofc ont
rolovert
echnologi
esmeanst
hatiti
saseas
yformyt
hsandli
est
ospr
ead
asiti
sfortr
utha ndknowledge
.Thisme a
nstha
tusersofmode
rnte
chnol
ogyha
vetobe
abl
etoeval
uatemater
ial
stheycomea c
ros
s.

 Thevastamountofinf
ormat
ionnowa va
il
a bl
eviamodernc
ommuni
cat
ionst
echnol
ogyc
an
le
adto“ i
nformati
onoverl
oad”whe r
epe opl
e’sdec
isi
onma ki
ngi
ssl
owe ddownbythe
needt
os i
ftt
hroughanover
whe l
mingamountofdat
a.

 Iti
ssomet
imesdif
fi
cul
ttof
indt
hepr
eci
sei
nfor
mat
ionyouwa
nta
mongs
tthev
astqua
nti
ty
ofdat
atha
tisava
il
able
.

GNS221–I
NTRODUCTI
ONTOI
NFORMATI
ONTECHNOLOGY
SECTI ONA.2ma rksforeachque stion.
Filli
nt heblanks
1.Comput erba sedtrai
ningisat oolforteachingand………………l ear
ning
2.Adi gita
lve rs
ionoft heregula rbooksi scalle
d...
...
..
..ane-book
3.Ac ompute r
-basedtraini
ngt ha tuse swebtechnologyiscalle
d……………WBT
4.As t
a ndardforc ompr e
ssi
ona ndde c ompressi
onisc al
led……………ZI P
5.Themos tvita
ls t
orageme diumf ormul ti
me diai
st he………DVD
6.Themos tcommonba r
rie
rstot echnologyintegr
ationistr
ainingand…. .
….cos
t
7.Tointegratetechnologyintot hec lass
room,yo une edapersonalcompute
rand.pr
oje
ctor

24
 NB:Actuall
yyoucandeli
vermult
imedi
aus i
ngaDVDpl ayera
ndTe le
visi
onorataperecor
derand
somepi
cture
sthi
nkcr
eat
ivelyi
fyoudon’thavethel
uxur
yofapr oj
ect
or.Sof
twar
eals
oe xi
st
sthatwil
l
all
owasingl
ecomput
ert
oc ont
rola
llt
hescre
e nsoft
hePC’sinacla
ssr
oombyusinganetwor
k.

8.Tohavea cc e
sstot heWe bint hec lassroom,yo une edaccesstot he………I nt
ernet
9.Theabbr eviat
ionFTPs tandsf or……………………Fi leTrans f
erProtocol…
10.10.DrillandPr acticesoftwarei sa ne xampleo f…. CBT( Comput erBa s
edTrai
ning).
.
11 Mos tmul t
ime di
aa pplicati
onsa reinteract
ive T F
12 mul timediaso ft
wa rereferstoa nyc omput e r
-basedpresent
a ti
on T F
13 Te chnologyi ntegrat
ionc ant akepl acewi t
houtc omputersa nds of
twa r
e T F
14 Toi ntegratetechnologyt het eachermus tadoptne wteachingt ool
s . T F
15 Mul time di
as oft
wa rec annotbeus edpr oductivi
tytools T F
16 Onl yI CTt ea
c hersne edtoi ntegrat
et echnologyi nt
othec l
a ssr
oom T F
17 Foras uccessfulintegrati
on,t heteac her
smus tchangethewa ytheyteach. T F
18 Toi ntegrates oftwa r
ei ntot hec urri
culum onene edt oe valuatethe T F
s
oftwa re
19 Interacti
vitydoe snotma ket hes t
ude ntpartofthel ea
rninga dventures
. T F
20 Inmul ti
me di
aa pplicati
onsmos tobje c
tsarenotc li
ckable T F

Ans
wert
hef
oll
owi
ngque
sti
ona
scl
ear
lya
syouc
ani
nthes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.

1.Di
ff
ere
nti
atebe
twe
ent
hef
oll
owi
ngme
diae
leme
nts
:Te
xt,gr
aphi
cs,a
nda
udi
o.

Textisas eque
nceofc har
act
ers,andsymbolstha
tmakeupt hewordsse
ntenc
esand
par
agraphsofapieceofwri
tt
enlangua
ge,s
cie
nti
fi
cormus
ica
lnot
at
ionet
c.Thuste
xtisus
ed
toconveyinf
ormati
oninwri
tt
enform.

Graphi
csarevi sualprese
ntati
onsons omes urf
ace,suc hasawa ll
,c a
nvas,comp ute
rs cr
een,
paper
,orstonetobr and,infor
m,i ll
ustr
a t
e,orentert
ain.Exa mplesarephotogra
ph s
,drawings,
Line Art
,gr aphs,di agr
a ms,t ypography,numbe rs,s ymbol s
,ge ometri
c designs,ma ps,
engi
neeri
ngdr awings,anima t
ionsa ndfil
m.Gr aphicscanbef unct
ionalora r
ti
sti
c.Thel at
ter
canbear e
cordedve rsi
on,sucha saphot ogra
ph,ora ninterpre
tati
onbyas c i
ent
isttohighl
ight
esse
nti
alfeat
ures,orana r
tist
.ThusGr aphicsconveysinforma t
ioninvisua
lform.

Audioiss oundormor epr e

c i
sel
yat erm usedt odes c
ribesoundswi thi
nther angeofhuma n
hear
ing.Inc omput erte
rmst hi
swi lli
ncludemus i
c,recorde
ds peech,synt
heticspeec
h(froma
voi
ces ynthesi
zer)a swe l
last hesimplebe l
ls oundsus edtoa l
erttheusertomi st
akes
.Thus
Audioc onveysinformati
onint heformofs ound.
Theset hreeeleme ntsareth ekeypr esentat
ionalc ompone nt
sofmul ti
me diasoft
wareand
beca
usewhe nus edt ogethertheya r
emul t
i-sensor
yt heyc ombinet oc r
eateve r
ye f
fect
ive
communi cati
onsandl ear
ningtools
.

2.Whati
sme a
ntbyt
het
erm Comput
erAs
sis
tedI
nst
ruc
tionorI
nst
ruc
tiona
lSof
twa
re?Gi
ve
onee
xample
.

25
 CAI :Comput erAi dedI nst
ruct
ionorComput e rAs si
stedI ns t
ruc ti
oni sat ermus edtode scribe
Inst
ructionde l
ivere dwi ththeassistanceofac omput er.Thes t
ude ntinteract
swi t
hthec omput er
andpr oceedsa thisorhe rowns peed( sel
fpa c ed).CAIs oft
wa r
ei sc ommonl yc l
assif
iedi nto
thesec ate
gories:dr il
l-and-pract
ice;t ut
orial
;s imu lat
ion;e ducationalga mes;proble
ms olving;
appli
c at
ions.Thec omput erprogram pr ovidesmot ivationa ndf eedba ckinpl aceonal ive
ins
tructor.CAIc anbede l
iver
edvi aCD- ROM,LAN orI nt
e rnet.Cour sescanbede livered
usi
ngt hec omput era st hepr i
ma ryde l
iver
yme t
hodofi ns tr
uc t
ion.Not ext
booki srequired.It
ma ybes el
f-paced,as e lf
-cont
ainedi nter
activei nstr
uc t
iononaCD,ori nst
ruct
ionthroughe -
ma i
la nds ma l
lgroupc omputerc onfe r
enceswi t
hot hers tudents .Cre a
tionisdonebyt eamsof
peopleinc l
udingi nstruc ti
onaldesigne r
s,andof t
enha shi ghde ve l
opme ntcosts
.Thet ermCBT
(Comput erBa sedTr ai
ni ng)isoftenus edintercha ngeablywi t
hComput er-Assis
tedInstruction
(CAI )
.
Ma visBe acontypi ngt utorisane xampl eofCAI .

4.Wr
it
ebr
ief
lyone
mai
lint
hes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.(
Provi
dea
tle
ast5uni
ques
ent
enc
es)

E- ma il(electronicma i
l)i sAf ormofc ommuni cati
onbyme ansofwhi cha nythingt hatca nbe
storedonac omput erc a nbes entf rom onee mailaddr es
st oa nother.e ma iliss entfrom a n
ema i
lc li
e nttot he“ ma il
box”ofa not he rc omput erus erforlaterc oll
ecti
on.Ema i
lc anbes ent
be t
we enus ersofas inglec omput erbuti smor ec ommonl ys enta cros sc ommuni cati
ons
ne t
wor kstor emot ema ilserverst ha thos tther e ci
pients’ma il
boxe s.
Ema i
ls ystemst hatha vea ccesst ot heI nterne tcans endame ssaget oanyot he rInternetema il
addr essa nywhe reint hewor l
da l
mos tinstantly.Ema i
lc anbeus edt osenda nythingt hatca nbe
storedi ne lectronicf orma t(pictur es,vi deo,s ound,t extdoc ume ntsetc)andi smuc hf asterand
che ape rthanus ingt hepos t
alsys tem.
Ema i
ls ystemsa resub jecttos pa m–uns olicitedma i
l(oftenterme d“ j
unkma il”)thatca nc l
og
thes e rversa ndma kei tdiff
ic ultf ori ndividua lstof indt hei mpor t
ante ma ilsa mongs tthe
adve rtiseme ntsa ndof f
e rsthata rrive .
Servic ep rovide rsge nerall
ypr ovi des pamf ilter
stor e moveorr edirec
tt hema j
orityoft hes e
uns olicit
e dma ilitems .Si ncea nye le
c tr
oni cma ter
ialc anbes entvi ae ma il,us ersmus tbe
care f
ult ha ttheydon’ tge tinfe ctedwi thc omput ervi rusesbyope ningi nfectede ma i
ls
.Ma ny
anti-viruss ystemswi l
lr outi
ne l
ys c ane ma i l
sbe f
orea l
lowingt hemt obea ccessed.Ema ilsca n
bedi gi ta
llys igne dbyt hes ende rs ot ha tther e ci
pientc anve r
if
yt hea uthe nti
c i
tyo fame ssage
andc he c
kt hati thasnotbe ent ampe r edwi th.

USETHELABELBELOW TOANSWERTHEQUESTI
ONSTHATFOLLOWS

26
 B

A D

Theopt
ionl
abe
lBi
sca
ll
edt
he…….Ar
it
hme
ticLogi
cUni
t
Whi
choft
hel
et
te
rsi
sre
pre
sent
edbyt
heme
mor
y?C
Wha
tdoe
sDr
epr
ese
nt?Out
putde
vic
e
Thear
chit
ect
ure
,orpa
tt
ern
,us
edf
orl
inki
ngt
hec
omp
ute
rst
oge
the
rinaLoc
alAr
eaNe
twor
kis
knownasTopol
ogy

Wha
tist
hef
ullme
ani
ngoft
hea
cronymI
SDN?I
nte
gra
tedSe
rvi
cesDi
git
alNe
twor
k

Thet
ypeofLoca
lAreaNetwor
kwhe
ret
hebe
ginni
nga
nde
ndoft
hene
twor
kdonotc
onne
ctt
o
onea
not
herist
erme
da sBus

Thet
womostc
ommoncomputercommuni
cat
iona
re-
--
-and-
--
--
-
Net
worka
ndTele
communi
cat
ion

Ac
ommunica
ti
onspr
otoc
oli
s--
--
--
-as
tanda
rdt
hats
etsr
ule
sforc
ommuni
cat
ionbe
twe
en
compute
rs

QUI
ZONE CANDI
DATENUMBER:PRCE/ / .

Us
ethedi
agr
ambe
lowt
oans
wert
heque
sti
onst
hatf
oll
ows
.

27
 T K

N M H

Thel
et
te
rNr
epr
ese
nts-
--
--Modi
fi
erKe
ys

Thel
et
te
rla
bel
edH?i
s Nume
ricKe
ypa
d

Mr
epr
ese
nts-
--
--Cur
serMove
mentKe
ys

Thel
et
te
rTr
epr
ese
nts-
--
--Al
pha
nume
ricKe
ys

Thel
et
te
rKi
sme
antf
orFunc
tionKe
ys

Wr
it
eshor
tnot
eso
nthef
oll
owi
ng

 Pe
er-t
o-Pe
er
 Cl
ient
/Ser
ver

SOLUTI
ON

Pe
er-
to-
Pee
r

Peer-
to-
peernet
worksystemsall
owus erstosharere
sourcesandf i
leslocatedont heir
computer
sandtoacce
sss har
edresourcesfoundonothercompute r
s.Howe ver,theydonot
haveafil
eserve
rorace nt
ral
ize
dma na
ge mentsourc
e.Inape er-
to-peerne t
wor k,all
computer
sarecons
ide
re dequal
;theyallhavethesamea bi
lit
iestouset heresour c
es
avail
abl
eonthenet
wor k.Peer
-t
o-peernetworksaredesi
gnedpr i
ma ril
yf orsma llto
me di
umlocalar
eanet
wor ks.

Node Node

28
ba
ckbon
 Pe
er-
to-
pee
rne
twor
k

Adva
nta
gesofape
er-
to-
pee
rne
twor
k:

 Le
ssini
ti
ale
xpense-Nonee
df orade
dic
atedse
rve
r.
 Se
tup-Anoper
a t
ings
yst
em(suchasWindowsXP)al
rea
dyi
npl
acema
yonl
y
ne
edt
ober
econf
igur
edf
orpe
er-
to-
pee
rope
rat
ions
.

Di
sadva
nta
gesofape
er-
to-
pee
rne
twor
k:

 Dec
ent
ral
iz
ed-Nocent
ralr
eposi
tor
yforf
il
esa
ndappl
ic
ati
ons.
 Sec
uri
ty-Doesno
tprovidethesecur
it
yavai
la
bleonac l
ient
/s
erve
rne
twor
k.

Cl
ient
/Se
rve
r

Client/
ser
ve rnetworksyste
msa l
lowthenetworktoc e
ntra
lizefunc
tionsandappl
ica
ti
o nsin
oneormor ededicat
edf i
leser
ver
s.Thefi
leserver
sbe comet hehea
rtofthesyst
em,
providi
nga ccesstoresourc
esandprovi
dingsecur
ity.Indi
vidualworkst
ati
ons(cl
ie
nts)have
accesstotheresourcesavail
abl
eonthefi
leserver
s.

Nod Nod
e e

b
ackb

Te
rmi
nat
o
Nod Nod
e e

Compu
ter
Serve
r
compute
r
Comput
er
29
Swi
tc
h
 Cl
ie
nt/
ser
verne
twor
k

Adva
nta
gesofac
lie
nt/
ser
verne
twor
k:

 Centrali
zed-Resour
c esanddatasecuri
tya r
econtr
oll
edt hr
oughtheser
ve r
.
 Scal
a bil
it
y-Anyora llel
e mentscanbere pl
acedi
ndivi
dua l
lyasneedsincr
eas
e.
 Fle
xibilit
y-Ne wtec
hnologyc anbee as
ilyinte
grat
edintosyst
em.
 Int
eroperabi
li
ty-Allcompone nts(
clie
nt/net
work/s
erver)worktoget
her.
 Acces s
ibi
lit
y-Servercanbea cces
sedremot e
lyandacrossmulti
plepla
tfor
ms.

Di
sadva
nta
gesofac
lie
nt/
ser
verne
twor
k:

 Expense-Requi
resini
ti
alinves
tmentindedi
cat
edser
ver.
 Mainte
nance-Largenet
wor kswil
lrequi
reasta
fft
oensur
ee f
fi
cie
ntope
rat
ion.
 Dependenc
e-Whe nse
rvergoesdown,opera
ti
onswil
lceaseac
rosst
henet
work.

30