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    Kata 1 ROKET

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    1) Rockets were first developed in medieval China in the 13th century and later spread to Europe through Mongol invasions. 2) Early modern rockets were used as incendiary weapons and the Mysorean rockets, developed in India in the late 18th century, were the first successful iron-cased rockets. 3) Modern rocket technology originated in the 1920s-1940s with work by Goddard, Oberth and von Braun developing liquid-fueled rockets. This technology was advanced significantly during World War 2 and later enabled human spaceflight.

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    Kata 1 ROKET

    Uploaded by

    Leo
    57 views3 pages
    1) Rockets were first developed in medieval China in the 13th century and later spread to Europe through Mongol invasions. 2) Early modern rockets were used as incendiary weapons and the Mysorean rockets, developed in India in the late 18th century, were the first successful iron-cased rockets. 3) Modern rocket technology originated in the 1920s-1940s with work by Goddard, Oberth and von Braun developing liquid-fueled rockets. This technology was advanced significantly during World War 2 and later enabled human spaceflight.

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    ROKET

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    kata 1 ROKET

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    1) Rockets were first developed in medieval China in the 13th century and later spread to Europe through Mongol invasions. 2) Early modern rockets were used as incendiary weapons and the Mysorean rockets, developed in India in the late 18th century, were the first successful iron-cased rockets. 3) Modern rocket technology originated in the 1920s-1940s with work by Goddard, Oberth and von Braun developing liquid-fueled rockets. This technology was advanced significantly during World War 2 and later enabled human spaceflight.

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    57 views3 pages

    Kata 1 ROKET

    Uploaded by

    Leo
    1) Rockets were first developed in medieval China in the 13th century and later spread to Europe through Mongol invasions. 2) Early modern rockets were used as incendiary weapons and the Mysorean rockets, developed in India in the late 18th century, were the first successful iron-cased rockets. 3) Modern rocket technology originated in the 1920s-1940s with work by Goddard, Oberth and von Braun developing liquid-fueled rockets. This technology was advanced significantly during World War 2 and later enabled human spaceflight.

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    Kata kata The first gunpowder-powered rockets evolved in medieval China under the Song

    dynasty by the 13th century. The Mongols adopted Chinese rocket technology and the invention
    spread via the Mongol invasions to the Middle East and to Europe in the mid-13th
    century.[4] Rockets are recorded[by whom?] in use by the Song navy in a military exercise dated to
    1245. Internal-combustion rocket propulsion is mentioned in a reference to 1264, recording that
    the "ground-rat", a type of firework, had frightened the Empress-Mother Gongsheng at a feast
    held in her honor by her son the Emperor Lizong.[5] Subsequently, rockets are included in the
    military treatise Huolongjing, also known as the Fire Drake Manual, written by the Chinese
    artillery officer Jiao Yu in the mid-14th century. This text mentions the first known multistage
    rocket, the 'fire-dragon issuing from the water' (Huo long chu shui), thought to have been
    used by the Chinese navy.[6]
    Medieval and early modern rockets were used militarily as incendiary weapons in sieges.
    Between 1270 and 1280, Hasan al-Rammah wrote al-furusiyyah wa al-manasib al-
    harbiyya (The Book of Military Horsemanship and Ingenious War Devices), which included
    107 gunpowder recipes, 22 of them for rockets.[7][8] In Europe, Konrad Kyeser described
    rockets in his military treatise Bellifortis around 1405.[9]

    William Congreve at the bombardment of Copenhagen (1807)

    The name "rocket" comes from the Italian rocchetta, meaning "bobbin" or "little spindle", given
    due to the similarity in shape to the bobbin or spool used to hold the thread to be fed to a
    spinning wheel. Leonhard Fronsperger and Conrad Haas adopted the Italian term into German
    in the mid-16th century; "rocket" appears in English by the early 17th century.[1]Artis Magnae
    Artilleriae pars prima, an important early modern work on rocket artillery, by Kazimierz
    Siemienowicz, was first printed in Amsterdam in 1650.
    The Mysorean rockets were the first successful iron-cased rockets, developed in the late 18th
    century in the Kingdom of Mysore (part of present-day India) by Tipu
    Sultan.[10] The Congreve rocket was a British weapon designed and developed by Sir William
    Congreve in 1804. This rocket was based directly on the Mysorean rockets, used compressed
    powder and was fielded in the Napoleonic Wars. It was Congreve rockets that Francis Scott
    Key was referring to when he wrote of the "rockets' red glare" while held captive on a British
    ship that was laying siege to Fort McHenry in 1814.[11] Together, the Mysorean and British
    innovations increased the effective range of military rockets from 100 to 2,000 yards.
    The first mathematical treatment of the dynamics of rocket propulsion is due to William
    Moore (1813). In 1815 Alexander Dmitrievich Zasyadko constructed rocket-launching
    platforms, which allowed rockets to be fired in salvos (6 rockets at a time), and gun-laying
    devices. William Hale in 1844 greatly increased the accuracy of rocket artillery. Edward
    Mounier Boxer further improved the Congreve rocket in 1865.
    William Leitch first proposed the concept of using rockets to enable human spaceflight in
    1861.[12] Konstantin Tsiolkovsky later (in 1903) also conceived this idea, and extensively
    developed a body of theory that has provided the foundation for subsequent spaceflight
    development. In 1920, Professor Robert Goddard of Clark University published proposed
    improvements to rocket technology in A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. In
    1923, Hermann Oberth (1894–1989) published Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen ("The
    Rocket into Planetary Space")

    Goddard with a liquid oxygen-gasoline rocket (1926)

    Modern rockets originated in 1926 when Goddard attached a supersonic (de Laval) nozzle to
    the combustion chamber of a liquid-propellant rocket. These nozzles turn the hot gas from
    the combustion chamber into a cooler, hypersonic, highly directed jet of gas, more than
    doubling the thrust and raising the engine efficiency from 2% to 64%. Use of liquid
    propellants instead of gunpowder greatly improved the effectiveness of rocket artillery
    in World War II, and opened up the possibility of human spaceflight after 1945.
    In 1943 production of the V-2 rocket began in Germany. In parallel with the German guided-
    missile programme, rockets were also used on aircraft, either for assisting horizontal take-off
    (RATO), vertical take-off (Bachem Ba 349 "Natter") or for powering them (Me 163, see list of
    World War II guided missiles of Germany). The Allies' rocket programs were less
    technological, relying mostly on unguided missiles like the Soviet Katyusha rocket. The
    Americans captured a large number of German rocket scientists, including Wernher von
    Braun, in 1945, and brought them to the United States as part of Operation Paperclip. After
    World War II scientists used rockets to study high-altitude conditions, by radio telemetry of
    temperature and pressure of the atmosphere, detection of cosmic rays, and further techniques;
    note too the Bell X-1, the first crewed vehicle to break the sound barrier (1947). Independently,
    in the Soviet Union's space program research continued under the leadership of the chief
    designer Sergei Korolev (1907–1966).
    During the Cold War rockets became extremely important militarily with the development of
    modern intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs). The 1960s saw rapid development of
    rocket technology, particularly in the Soviet Union (Vostok, Soyuz, Proton) and in the United
    States (e.g. the X-15). Rockets came into use for space exploration. American crewed programs
    (Project Mercury, Project Gemini and later the Apollo programme) culminated in 1969 with
    the first crewed landing on the Moon – using equipment launched by the Saturn V rocket.

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