Ujian s3 Section B

SECTION B (15 MARKS)
Answer all the questions
16. The motion of a body in simple harmonic motion is described by the equation
𝜋
𝑥 = 4.0 cos (2𝜋𝑡 + )
3
𝜋
where x is in metres, t is in seconds and (2𝜋𝑡 + 3 ) is in radians.
(a) When t = 2.0 s, what is
i) the displacement,
ii) the velocity,
iii) the acceleration and
iv) the phase [4 marks]
(b) Find
i) the frequency and
ii) the period of the motion [3 marks]
Answer :
17. A stretched string is tied at one of its ends to a wall. The free end is vibrated to produce a stationary
transverse wave in the string.
(a) Explain why a stationary wave and not a progressive wave is produced. [2 marks]
(b) If the separation between two neighbouring nodes is 30 cm and the velocity of the
transverse wave in the string is 150 cms-1, what is the frequency of the wave? [1 mark]
The equation of a progressive wave is 𝑦 = sin 2𝜋 (4𝑡 − 0.2𝑥) ,

where x and y are in metres and t is in seconds.
(c) What is (i) the amplitude, (ii) the wavelength, (iii) the speed of the wave? [3 marks]
(d) State whether this wave is moving towards the positive or negative-x direction. [1 mark]
(e) If two points A and B along this wave are separated by a distance of 3 m, what is the phase
difference between the vibrations at the points A and B? [1 mark]
Answer :
SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer TWO questions from this section
18. (a) What do you understand by simple harmonic motion and amplitude of a simple harmonic
motion? [2 marks]
(b) A light helical spring hangs vertically from a fixed point. When a mass M hangs in equilibrium
from the lower and of the spring, an extension e is produced. The mass is then pulled down
further and released. State two conditions for the subsequent motion to be simple harmonic.
Show that the period T of the motion is
𝑒
𝑇 = 2𝜋√
𝑔
[4 marks]
(c) When M = 0.040 kg, the vertical displacement y of the mass varies with time according to the
eqution 𝑦 = 𝑎 cos 𝜔𝑡 , where a = 0.010 m and ω = 20 rad s-1. What is
(i) The amplitude of vibration [1 mark]
(ii) The period T? [2 marks]
(d) Sketch a graph to show the variation of vertical displacemnet against time for the motion.
Calculate
(i) The extension e of the spring when the mass M is in equlibrium
(ii) The force constant k of the spring. [6 marks]
19. (a) What are the main characteristics of a progressive wave? [2 marks]
(b) State the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves? [2 marks]
(c) How would you show that light consist of transverse waves? [2 marks]
(d) A sound source X emits waves B1 which arrive at point Y directly, and B2 which arrive at Y after
reflection at a wall at P.
P
B2
X B1 Y
The wave that arrives directly at Y is given by the equation 𝐵1 = 30 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋 (1500𝑡 − 5𝑥)
with the units B1 (Pa), t (s), x (m). The waves B2 that arrives at Y after reflection at P is also the
𝜋
same as B1 but has a phase difference of 3 radian.
(i) Determine the wavelength and frequency of these sound waves. [2 marks]
(ii) Write the equation for the wave B2. [2 marks]
(iii) What is the reason for the phase difference between the waves arriving at Y? Show in
the form of equation, the relationship between the said factor and the phase difference,
explaining the symbol used. [You may assume that there is no change of phase due to
the reflection at the wall] [3 marks]
(iv) Determine the expression for the resultant amplitude arriving at Y. [2 marks]
20. (a) State what is meant by ‘two oscillations having a constant phase difference of π radian’.
To make sure that the said phase difference is constant, one of the characteristics of the
oscillation must be the same for both the oscillations. What is this characteristic? [2 marks]
(b) (i) Explain the meaning of the term wavefront. How is the wave orientated with respect to
a wavefront? [2 marks]
(ii) Explain how the amplitude of the wave A varies with distance r from the source of a
spherical wavefront and cylindrical wavefront respectively. [2 marks]
(c) A person who stands by the side of a railway track finds that the apparent frequency of the
trains’s whistle changes from 630 Hz while the train approaches the person from far, to 580 Hz
when the train passes by her and moves away from her. If it is known that the speed of sound in
air is 300 ms-1, what is
(i) The speed of the train [4 marks]
(ii) The real frquency of the whistle? [2 marks]
(d) Sound is produced by a stretched string. The frequency of the second harmonic is 165 Hz.
Calculate
(i) The length of the string [2 marks]
(ii) The frequency of the second overtone [1 mark]
[Speed of sound = 330 ms-1]
END OF QUESTIONS

Ujian s3 Section B

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Ujian s3 Section B

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SECTION B (15 MARKS)

Answer all the questions

The equation of a progressive wave is 𝑦 = sin 2𝜋 (4𝑡 − 0.2𝑥) ,

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