CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OF DAIRY
HISTORY

Indian economy is basically an agricultural economy. About 69 per cent of India’s

population is living in rural India. For those who are living in rural India, agriculture
is the main occupation. The agricultural sector in India contributes nearly 17 per cent
to the Gross National Product. The traditional occupation of agriculture and its allied
activities viz., forestry, fisheries, dairy, cattle breeding and poultry are rapidly
growing. Among the allied activities of agriculture, dairying has assumed greater
importance in India, due to its simple nature in generating additional employment
and income. It has been practiced as an allied activity in rural areas since time
immemorial. India accounts for one-sixth of cattle and half-of buffalo population of
the world. The art of rearing of cows and buffaloes for milk is known as dairying. It
is an important contributor to India’s agricultural output. Milk production is an
important rural activity in India providing supplementary employment and income to
millions of rural households. Today, milk is India’s largest ‘crop’ in terms of its
output value, surpassing even major cereals like rice and wheat. India at present is
the largest producer of milk in the world. The production of milk was estimated at
127.9 million tons in 2011-12. Now, 60 per cent of the rural households, 80 per cent
of the rural farmers and 36 per cent of the rural landless class have been pursuing
dairying as their important and sustainable profession in rural India. The country has
now achieved self reliance in milk production and is geared for the export of
substantial value added milk products beyond its seashores. It has not only conserved
the valuable foreign exchange by almost eliminating the import of milk and milk
products but also has started exporting these products to African and Middle-East
countries.

Evolution of Modern Dairy Industry in India

Modern dairying era began somewhere in the mid nineteenth century. The factory
system is one of the outstanding developments in the field of dairy industry.
Worldwide population explosion warranted the need for more milk. The
pasteurization method invented by Louis Pasteur brought in the concept of ‘Health
Awareness’ in the consumption of milk. The bacteria in milk that multiplies in
geometrical proportions could be controlled and healthy milk could be supplied to
the ultimate consumers by adopting this method. Pasteurization system was
introduced in Indian cities during the later part of 19th century. Cheese factory came
up in 1851 and the butter factory in 1871. Subsequently, milk dealerships for
processing and marketing came into practice. The advent of sophisticated machinery
brought in a radical change in the dairy industry through improvement in quality and
standardization. Mechanical refrigeration system, which began between 1880 and
1890, brought in the concept of distance market. The milk transportation by railways
began with the introduction of special milk trains and, tankers and tank trucks. These
have accelerated transportation, covering longer distances without loss in quality.
Research and scientific investigation began in dairy activity and the first livestock
census was carried out in 1919. Dairying was started under unorganized sector in
Gujarat State. Mr. Poison, a private vendor, procured milk at the least price of 0-25
paise, a liter and sold at Re.1-00 in Bombay. Subsequently, many have followed him

Current Status of Livestock and Dairy Development in India

The periodical (once in five years) livestock census being conducted in India is the
source of information on livestock wealth in India. As per the latest 19th Livestock
Census – 2018, whose results are published in 2019, there was a spectacular growth
of about 23 per cent growth in the exotic/cross bred cattle particularly female
exotic/cross bred cattle (about 32 per cent) between 18th and 19th Census periods,
though there was a decline in the overall livestock popultion between the two Census
periods. With the total milk production of 127.9 million tones in 2017-18, the per
cpita availability of milk in the country amounted to 291 grams per day.

Working of Village Level Milk Cooperative Societies

The following are the major findings of the study based on the analysis of the
primary data collected from the sample respondents: ¾ The 18 sample milk
cooperative societies in Nellore district were established during various years from
1978 to 2000. ¾ While there was negative growth rate of membership in Kavali
revenue division, there was a paltry growth of about 2 per cent per annum in Nellore
revenue division and high growth of about 8 per cent in Gudur revenue division. ¾
The average milk procurement in Nellore district was 822 liters per day which varied
between 222 liters and 372 liters in the three revenue divisions. ¾ The Societies were
confronted with several problems in their operation such as Lack of Finance,
Irregular supply of Inputs, Lack of Support from district Organization, Competition
from private Dairies, Political interference, Delay in the transfer of assets from
APCS to MACS etc

Dairy farming Information and in-depth knowledge about dairy farming is vital for a
profitable dairy farming business. Dairy farming provides an excellent opportunity for
self-employment of unemployed youth. It is also an important source of income
generation to small/marginal farmers and agricultural labourers. India is one of the
largest milk producers of the world. The demand of milk & milk product is increasing
rapidly. There is immense scope of dairy farming in our country. The increasing cost
of feed ingredients and its seasonal variability can be reduced by undertaking fodder
cultivation.

How Safe is Dairy Farming ?

Dairy farming is a safe business for the following reasons:
 It is eco-friendly and does not cause environmental pollution as compared to
other industries.

 Requirement of skilled labour is relatively less.

 Dairy product market is active round the year.

 Minimum investment on inventory. (No need to to stock raw materials in
huge quantities.)

 Entire establishment can be shifted to a new location (if need arises e.g. Fire,
Floods etc.)

 One can insure animals.

  Less energy requirement. Biogas plant fed with cow dung can supply
maximum energy to meet farms day to day requirement. Decomposed slurry
of such plant can also be effectively used as organic manure.

Limitations and Constraints of Dairy Farming :

 Breeding of animals and getting expected milk yield is a biological

phenomenon, which depends upon various factors.

 Dairy farming besides good planning requires hardworking, reliable and

alert manager. In India, usually persons from the family take the
responsibility.

 Inadequate management of feeding, heard health and lack of quality control

in various stage of production can cause major loss affecting the profitability
of the entire venture.

Starting Dairy Farming – How to begin with:

 One needs to decide first on the aims and objective of the farm. Every year
there should be a progressive aim for breeding (including number
of animals to be maintained) and production.

 They can visit dairy farms that run on commercial basis and have a
discussion with experienced farm owners. You need not have to rely much
on others experience, analyze every event logically and if needed consult
with local Veterinarians for more information.

 If plan to manage the farm on your own, look for opportunities to work for
an existing farm for a minimum period of six months.

 Develop interest and study feed and fodder’s market in your region, its
difficulties in relation to seasons
.
 Manage a good team of labourers. need to choose hardworking reliable
persons preferably with some experience. can also train them for specific
jobs.
  Visit the cattle market occasionally. Observe animals on sale and talk with
persons engaged with purchasing of animals.

 Study and download dairy farming pdf books available on Growel website
free of cost and keep yourself informed.

 Watch dairy farming video on Growel website.

Getting Some Initial Professional Training for Dairy Farming in India:

Opportunities for training are available with most of the:
 Agricultural/Veterinary Universities of various states
 Krishi Vigyan Kendras
 State Department of Animal Husbandry
 State Institute of Rural Development

milk production was estimated at 748.7 million tonnes, of which 620.7 million
tonnes was cow’s milk, produced by 260 million cows. The number of dairy farms
greatly depends on the countries and on the farming systems, but it can reach up to
78 million in India.2 Most recent data available from the FAO shows that the gross
production value of agriculture equals 3282 billion USD, whereas that of raw milk
produced across the world equals 292 billion USD. On a global scale, the value of
milk represented 8.9% of the value of all agricultural products in 2010. In the last
decade, the value of milk as well as that of all agricultural products has shown an
increasing trend

Milk: India's Number One Farm Commodity

Milk is India's number one farm commodity in terms of its contribution to the
national economy. In 1994-95, the value of its output based on producer price was
Rs. 500,051 millions, exceeding that from paddy (rice). Notwithstanding its top place
and the many benefits it bestows on the lower rungs of the rural society, dairying has
not received due attention from planners, economists, social scientists and others. For
example, the investment in dairying made under the five-year plans is not
commensurate with its output. Consequently, its potential has not been adequately
trapped

Milk and milk products contain a good balance of protein, fat and carbohydrate and
are a very important source of essential nutrients including:

 Calcium
 Riboflavin
 Phosphorous
 Vitamins A, D and B12
 Pantothenic acid.

Milk products also contain ‘high quality proteins’ that are well suited to human
needs. Milk proteins increase the value of poorer quality cereal and vegetable proteins
in the diet by providing the amino acids these proteins lack.

As a food, milk serves the following broad purposes:

(a) growth,

(b) reproduction,

(c) supply of energy,

(d) maintenance and repair and

(e) appetite satisfaction. The requirements of these categories vary with the
individual, and in some instances not all the stated functions of the food need to be
served, e.g. adults no longer require food for growth whereas infants do. The functions
of a food are served specifically through the various nutritionally important
components, comprising proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals, vitamins and water.

Fat content is closely followed by milk proteins at about 3.4%. Milk proteins in
turn are subdivided into casein, comprising approximately 76–80% of the total milk
proteins, and the whey proteins, comprising roughly 20–24%.

Modified milks explained:

There are many types of milks on the market, including:

 Full cream – full cream milk contains around four per cent fat and is a source of
vitamins A and D. For children up to the age of two years, full cream milk is
recommended.
 Reduced fat – expect around half as much fat in reduced fat milk as full cream.
Children over the age of two years can drink reduced fat milk.

 Skim milk – contains less than one per cent fat. Children older than five years
can safely consume skim milk. Both reduced fat and skim milk have vitamin
A and D added to replace the naturally occurring vitamins that are reduced
when the fat is removed.

 Calcium enriched – generally milks that are enriched with extra calcium are also
fat reduced. A 250ml glass of milk contains 408–500mg of calcium.
 Flavored – these milks can either be full cream or reduced fat. However, most
varieties contain a lot of sugar.

UHT (ultra-high temperature-treated) milk – is treated with very high heat to allow
milk to be stored for long periods

Pasteurization milk:

Pasteurization is a process in which the milk is heated till 75 degree Celsius and
the milk is exposed to this temperature for about 16 seconds and then the milk is
suddenly cooled to 4 degree Celsius. This process is carried out to destroy all the
pathogenic bacteria that are present in raw milk. Pasteurization is a very costly process
and it requires the installation of very costly machines.
Unpasteurized milk:

Most milk on the market is pasteurized (heat treated then cooled). Milk that
hasn’t been through this process should be avoided. While pasteurization reduces the
amount of some vitamins, such as vitamin C, it also kills bacteria. Unpasteurized
milk is a health hazard because of the dangers of bacterial diseases.

CO-0PRATIVE MILK PRODUCERS SOCITIES UNIONS:

1. Bangalore Milk Union

2. Belgaum Milk Union
3. Bellary Milk Union
4. Bijapur Milk Union
5. Dakshin kannada Milk Union
6. Dharwad Milk Union
7. Gulbarga Milk Union
8. Hassana Milk Union
9. Kolar Milk Union
10.Mandya Milk Union
11.Mysore Milk Union
12.Shimoga Milk Union
13.Tumakur Milk Union

Milk Production in India:

The data collected from the period 2017-18 signifies the growth from 80.6 million
tones to 132.4 million tones have resulted an average growth rate of 29 percent. The
trend is steady and positive over the years. The Per capita availability is also steadily
increasing from 217 gms per day to 290 gms per day and the demand has increased
more than three fold over the years under steady. An estimated 54 per cent of India's
milk production is converted into products, both traditional and Western. India's
Milk Product Mix consists of Fluid Milk (46%), Ghee (27.5%), Butter (6.5%), Curd
(7%), Khoa (Partially Dehydrated Condensed Milk) (6.5%), Milk Powders, including
IMF (3.5%), Paneer & Chhana (Cottage Cheese) (2.0%) and others including Cream,
Ice Cream (1.0%)

Problems of Dairy Farmers

 Milk Production: Through Garrett Ranking, it is ascertained that the major
problems of milk production are
1. Increase in cost of Cow / Buffalo ,
2. Water problem , Increasing of cost of fodd
3. Delay in the payment of money by milk processing Ltd. ,
4. Lack in space availability
5. Higher Brokerage and commission on purchase of animals , Increase in
medicine cost
6. Lesser Helps from Government
 Milk Marketing:
The major problem felt by the sample respondents with regards to the milk
marketing is due to
1. the Pressure for maintaining quality of milk
2. which is followed by Low price of milk
3. Poor service delivery by firm
4. Difficulty in meeting quality requirements
5. Delayed payment of milk produce
6. Less profitable
7. Lack of credit for milk production

Karnataka State Cooperative Milk Producer’s Federation

played an important role in marketing milk and milk products and supplying cattle
feed to all it’s Union members which are affiliated to federation to increase milk
yield of milking animals and also providing artificial insemination services to its
members through union and DCS, in the State. The Federation in order to expand its
market for Nandini milk and milk products has opened number of marketing
branches and milk vending booths in various places in the state and also in
neighbouring states like in Goa, and Maharastra state. The dairy development
programmes in Karanataka since 1974 -75 to date, has passed through distinct phases
KDDC and KMF through the establishment of a vast network of institutions have
increased their volume ofbusiness. The average per day procurement as on 31st
September 2007 was 30.19 lakhs kgs, where as its average daily sales including curd
was 21.25 lakhs kgs in the same period. Similarly 1,27,608 metric tones of cattle
feed sold to its milk producers in the same period. And its annual turn over was
1250, crores as on 31st September 2007- 08,it is an appreciable matter of federation
towards its progress in the country. Karanataka is second only to Gujarat in milk
production in the country, with 60% of its output coming from the co-operative
sector.
In Karanataka 13 milk unions are in operation with 7668 Dairy Cooperative Societies
covering whole state. In Belgaum district, one milk union is operating which covers
whole Belgaum district. Even though Indian dairy industry has progressed very fast
but still cooperative sector procure only 15-16 percent of the total milk produced in
India. In Anand -pattern of daiiying the activities of milk union are classified into
three categories viz.,, the procurement, processing and marketing. The procurement,
processing of milk is the sole responsibility of milk union, whereas marketing of
milk is the responsibility of union but marketing of milk products it is responsibility
is shared by the union and state milk federation. For any union, its better
performance, depends on its efficiency in its procurement, processing marketing
activities.

FUNCTIONS OF MILK FARMING:

One of the core function is Procurement of milk, processing it and marketing

milk and milk products, Milk Union markets its products under brand name of
“Nandini”.

 The main function is to procure milk from villagers and pay them the
right price.
  To educate the villagers about milk and its quality
 To make ’Nandini’ as a part of daily life.
 To provide good quality of cattle feed, fodder, veterinary properly and in
an efficient manner.
 To see that are carrying out their activities properly and in an efficient
manner.

PROCESS AT MILK FARMING:

The milk collected is brought to the center thought carries trucks etc. the quality
and quantity of milk bought is checked at the Reception center by a supervisor.

A sample of milk is taken and is tested in a laboratory for fat content, Solid Not
fat (SNF) acidity etc.

As the milk is at room temperature is to be brought down to 40 c to 50 c. so that

it may check the growth of bacteria. To ensure this milk is passed through a chilling
chamber where the milk is chilled. Its temperature is bought down and then the milk
is stored in a tank called as ’Row Milk Tank’.

A Glance at the Infrastructure and Manpower Requirements for Dairy Farming

:
 The space required per animal should be 40 sq.ft in shed and 80sq.ft open
space. Besides, you will also need:
 One room 10” x 10” for keeping implements.
 One room 10”x 12” for milk storage
 Office cum living room of suitable size.
 Water tank capable of storing minimum 2000 liters
 Bore well with capacity to fill water tank in 1 hr
 Total land requirement for a unit of 20 animals can be sited as 3000 sq.ft.
There should be space for expansion. Ideal space requirement for 100
animals is 13,000 to 15,000 sq.ft (120″ x 125”). For 20 animals initially, you
can make contractual arrangements for getting an assured supply of 300 kgs.
of Lucerne and 400 kgs. of maize fodder per day. However, in long run, as
 the strength of you farm will go up to 100 animals, It is advisable that you
should go for a lease land of 15 to 20 acres with irrigation facility to cultivate
green fodder for your animals. (One acre of green fodder cultivation for
every five animals is required as a thumb rule.)
 The economics of whole dairy animal management depends upon its
economic quality feeding. By using Growel products you can make
economic and quality feeding for your dairy cattle.

Major problems faced by the union :

The major problems faced by the union were identified and are listed as below.
i) Frequent changes in the milk procurement price has made fluctuation in
milk procurement.

ii) ii) Increasing number of defunct Dairy Cooperative Societies which

reduced milk procurement.

iii) Low volume of liquid milk sale.

iv) Increase overheads of the union.

v) High procurement cost.

vi) Decrease in the numbers of milk supplying members.

vii) Increase in milk handling losses.

viii) Inadequate technical staff ofthe union.

ix) Strong competition from private agencies

NEED FOR THE STUDY

To find out the impact of Milk farming.

To understand the roles of dairy.
To study the condition of the dairy form.
To improve the service qualities of milk.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The above objective of dairy farming is very well stated in the business. It imposes
a dual responsibility on dairy on one end it is obliged to procure the produce of
farmers and provide remunerative price and on the other end is has to
profitability market quality milk and value added milk products to its customers at
competitive price.it is in the context the specific problem of this study is
identified.
 CHAPTER 2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN

A research design is an arrangement of condition for collection and

analysis of the data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research
purpose with economy in procedure.

The study is descriptive in nature i.e., descriptive research. Descriptive research

is concerned with describing the characteristics of a particular individual or group.
This includes surveys and fact-finding enquiries of different kinds. The main
characteristic of this method is that the researcher has no control over the variables;
one can only report what has happened or what is happening. Thus, the research design
in case of descriptive study is a comparative design throwing light on all the areas and
must be prepared keeping the objectives of the study and the resources available. This
study involves collection of data from Junior level Executives.

Primary data:

These are those which are collected a fresh (again but in a new or
different way) and for the first time and thus happen to be original
in character and known as Primary data.

It is based on primary source of information.

Secondary data :

It means that are already available that is they refer to the data, which
have already been collected and analyzed by someone else for its
own use and later the same data is used by a different user or person.
It is based on secondary source of information

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

1. To study the distribution channel in the retail chain Dairy

2. To identify the issues related to Dairy retailers and distributors

3. To get the retailers feedback from specific regions

4. To study Dairy positioning in the mind of the consumers vis-à-vis competitors

5. To find out the factors that affect consumers decision to purchase milk

6. To find out short term problem in every sub-region that can be sorted out

Research Methodology: SAMPLE

Sampling Frame:

A Sampling frame consists of a list of item from which the sample is to be drawn.

The sample frame for this research constitutes the customers visiting retail outlets
to purchase milk in North and East Delhi.

Sample Size:
The sample size of the research was 315 individuals.

SOURCES OF DATA

PRIMARY DATA

Primary data will be collected through survey by means of questionnaire, personal

interview and observations.

SECONDARY DATA

The major source of secondary data is through

Internet
Journals
Books
Websites
Brochures
Articles
PLAN OF ANALYSIS

A study will help the organization by the survey of 315 respondents in

the city by the questionnaire, which leads to measure the challenges
and opportunities in milk farming. Statistical tools used for the research
which helps in analyzing and interpreting the data collected. Percentage
Analysis used to understand the percentage of certain number of
respondents respected to different questions. Bar graph & Pie Chart have been
used to showcase the graphical representation of the analyzed data. Hence, by
this study organization can easily understand the data and make the
interpretation.
 CHAPTER 3
SWOT ANALYSIS
SWOT Analysis

When we use SWOT analysis, Its often for strategic planning. It prepares
for decisions and gives an overall look at the strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats of business. But SWOT analysis can also be
used to increase and build upon customer satisfaction.
To give a well-rounded overview of how to use SWOT analysis for a
boost in customer satisfaction, we’ll start with the Strengths
and Weaknesses first.

SWOT analysis, for any who may be unfamiliar, is a planning

method typically used in business strategy to identify
the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats that may face a
business or project.
 A number of us have likely had the opportunity to either observe or
participate in this exercise for the broader business in which we work. A
quick overview of the core concepts:

Strengths and weaknesses

Strengths and weaknesses internal to the organization. Strengths
represent positive attributes or characteristics, factors that provide an
advantage. Weaknesses are attributes or characteristics that place the
business at a disadvantage relative to others.

Opportunities and threats

Opportunities and threats are external to the organization. Opportunities
represent external trends and chances to improve performance –
something happening in the outside environment that presents positive
potential. Threats are elements or trends in the outside environment that
could cause trouble for the business, place it at risk.

Strengths
1. Enhanced milk production with consequently increased availability of
milk processing.

2. Improved purchasing power of the consumer.

·
3. Improved transportation facilities for movement of milk and milk
products. Increased availability of indigenously manufactured equipment.

4. Large number of dairy plants in the country.

5. Vast pool of highly trained and qualified manpower available to the

industry.
 6. Country's vast natural resources offer immense potential for growth and
development of dairying.

Weaknesses

1. Lack of appropriate technologies for tropical climate conditions.

2. Erratic power supply.

·
3. Lack of awareness for clean milk production.

4. Underdeveloped raw milk collection systems in certain parts of the country.

5. Seasonal fluctuations in milk production pattern.

6. Regional imbalance of milk supply.

7. Species-wise variation in milk quality received by dairy plants.

8. Poor productivity of cattle and arable land.

·9. Scarce capital for investment in the dairy development programmes on a
priority basis.

9. Absence of proper data records which is essential for preparing

development programmes.
·
10.Dairy development programmes have not been fully implemented as per the
needs of the region in different agro-climatic zones.

11.Lack of marketing avenues for the dairy produce.

·
12.Non-availability of software for preparing needed dairy schemes/projects.
 13.Lack of infrastructure for offering Dairy Business Management
programmes to train dairy personnel.

Opportunities
· Greatly improved export potential for milk products of western as well as
traditional types.
· Expanding market for traditional dairy products.
· Increasing demand for fluid milk as well as value added products.
· Byproduct utilization for import substitution.
· Employment generation.
· Growing demand for milk and milk products.
· Liberalized polices in dairy sector.
· Availability of large resources of unconventional feeds and fodders.
· Availability of diverse germ plasm with unique features like heat tolerance,
disease resistance, draftability and ability to survive and produce under
stress conditions.
· Availability of animal production technologies for faster development and
effective implementation.
· Integrated structure of marketing for milk and milk products.
· Integrated structure of livestock marketing through regulated markets.
· Improved collection of data on contract basis through agencies.
· Market information intelligence system for milk and milk products.
· Development of software for project formulation for dairy enterprise.
Threats
· Introduction of foreign products in Indian market.
· Increasing chemical contaminants and residual antibiotics in milk.
· Poor microbiological quality of milk.
· Export of quality feed ingredients particularly cakes under the liberalization
policy.
· Deficiency of molasses, a rich source of energy and binding agent in feed
industry and constituent of urea molasses mineral lick.
· Excessive grazing pressure on marginal and small community lands resulting
in complete degradation of land.
· Extinction of the indigenous breeds of cattle due to indiscriminate use of
crossbreeding programme to enhance milk production.
· The liberalization of the dairy industry is likely to be exploited by
multinationals. They will be interested in manufacturing value added
products. It will create milk shortage in the country adversely affecting the
consumers.
 CHAPTER 4
OUTCOME OF THE STUDY
OUT COME OF THE STUDY

 India has emerged as largest milk producer in the world with 75.4 MT
(Million Tonnes)

 India has witnessed approximately 4% growth of milk production

annually in last three decades

 The per capita milk availability is projected to reach 275 grams per day
by year 2020

 India's 96,000 dairy cooperatives were integrated through a three-tier

cooperative structure

 Major findings relating to the socio-economic characteristics of the

sample farmers. Among the members, 82 per cent was males and the
remaining 18 per cent was females.

 About 80 per cent of the sample respondents were in the age group of 31
to 50 years

 About 61 per cent of the members belonged to BCs, 18 per cent to SCs, 6
per cent to STs and the remaining 16 per cent was OCs.

 The major occupation of the majority of the members (51 per cent) was
agriculture and the dairying was only a supplementary activity.

 The study indicated that 48 per cent of the respondent less than 3 cows
and about 22 per cent possessed less than three buffaloes. About 40 per
cent of the members possessed 4-8 cows and about 47 per cent of the
members possessed 4-8 buffaloes

 Among the respondent as high as 56 per cent of the households

possessed less than 3 cows and only 34 per cent of the households
possessed less than 3 buffaloes.
 Pricing strategy of Milk is appreciated by its customers.

 MILK farming is started with customer contact programs in order to get

first hand feedback from its customer and also to improve its products.

 The various private brands have been trying to give a really tough
competition by giving the agents high trade margins.

 Milk union has a waste area of operation which is geographically spread

and which leads high procurement and distribution charges.

 Lack of consumer awareness about the wide range of products sold.

 The dealers wants only more commission because they also suffer same
problem with other brands also but they complains with us only.

 The organization is playing an important role in developing the economic

viability of the villages.

 The powder making plant has taken an vital role in Milk Union.

 The milk procurement average curt was 0.67 per kg over the years out of
34 milk procurement routes in operation;
 CHAPTER 5
LEARNING EXPERIENCE SUGGESTION CONCLUSION AND
BIBILIGRAPHY
 LEARNING EXPERIENCE

This project gave me great opportunity to learn about the all aspects of the

PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF MILK FORMING And helped me to

know about current situation of the MILK DAIRY

The learning experience gained by me during the in plant training

was very much practical oriented. Mostly all the concepts which I studied
in the class, are applicable practically
I gained many new management skills and also got a chance to learn new things
on my own experience.
The overall study of the organization

1. Improve skills
One of the most important things you can gain from
internship is new knowledge and network and it helps to improve
many new skills and knowledge

2. Professional communications
It is the best way to learn how to
navigate the working world through real-life hands on experience
one of the most valuable skill you will gain from an internship is
the ability to speak with people in a professionals

3. Making connections
 The people who will be reference in the
future it will setup many new connections and build the
strong relationship

4. Independence
Internship will teach you to make your own
decision and do things on your own being able to work
independently with little guidence is very important in the
working world

I came to know what exactly needs wheather quality of work or quality of work
to be done or both. And also some extent I could understand the MILK
FORMING work culture. Uniformity which is a essential element that
management should maintain it will also create an impression on the minds of
another about their taste, preference, values .I had a great time working on the
project, as it given insights into the working environment of an organization. The
environment is good. I have learn lot of thing there.

This project gave me a great learning experience and at the same time it gave me
enough scope to implement my educational ability. The information advice
presented in this project is based on secondary information.
SUGGESTION
Based on the findings of the present study, the following suggestions are
offered.
1. With a view to cutting the input costs of milk production, the farmers are to
be advised as far as possible, to grow fodder in their own lands instead of
purchasing from the market. The village level cooperative societies should
supply fodder seeds to the members at subsidized rates.
2. The cooperative societies should take the responsibility of bulk buying of
dairy inputs such as rice bran, feed/groundnut cake, and medicines and supply
them to the members at cost-to-cost price so that the members can minimize the
cost of production of milk.
3. As in the case of SHGs, the members of the cooperative societies should also
pool their resources and provide loans to the needy members to purchase the
milch animals. Necessary guidance and technical assistance should be provided
to the members by the village level and the district level societies. They should
also arrange for bank loans for the needy members through the collective or
bilateral security.
4. The member Dairy farmers should be motivated to go for rearing cows
particularly the cross bred cows instead of buffaloes, which yield milk for a
longer duration. As the study revealed the proportion of cows particularly the
cross bred animals is very low as could be observed from the low average cost
of animals in the study area.
5. Since, the labour cost is increasing enormously in recent years, a large herd
of cows or buffalos can minimize the labour cost to a greater extent. Hence, the
members are to be advised to go for reasonably large number of milk animals so
that not only the labour cost can be minimized but also economies of scale can
be reaped in the use of other complementary inputs as well as in the utilization
of physical infrastructure such as sheds.
6. The village level cooperative societies are required to arrange for mobile
vans/vehicles to collect the milk from the door steps of the farmers, however,
low may be the quantity supplied by an individual farmers.
 7. In the age of privatization, the cooperative societies should be in a position
to face and withstand the onslaught of the cut-throat competition from the
private dairy farms in all respects particularly in the matter of ensuring quality
of the product. The cooperative societies should instill confidence in the minds
of the urban consumers that the milk and the milk products supplied by the
DairYyies are genuine, are of high quality and that they are not adulterated or
artificially made through chemicals
The government in turn should provide veterinary services in every village or
should make the Veterinary Assistants/Doctors to visit every village at regular
intervals so that the farmers can benefit from such facilities. 11. Insurance
facilities should be provided at reasonable premium rates to cover the risk of
animals particularly the cross bread animals which cost very high and whose
loss would be an unbearable burden to the small and marginal farmers.
Conclusion:
Dairy farming is a potentials sub-sector for generation of income and
employment, 75-80 percent of farm families of small farmers, marginal farmers
and landless labourers are employed in this sub-sector. Dairy generates
employment with least unit cost of employment. The Indian dairy sector
registered a spectacular growth rate of five percent per annum during the last
three decades and as a result, India emerges as the world's largest producer of
milk. The current level of milk production in India is 91.5 million tones which
has come to second place in the world milk production. White revolution has
indeed brought about a comprehensive development of the dairy industry in
India.
Milk and milk products being the second largest contributor next to
agricultural products play a vital role in the country's economy. Agriculture and
animal husbandry are the two main supporters on which the entire structure
ofthe village life rest in India. Apart from land and irrigation, livestock is the
largest productive resources in the rural economy ofIndia. Dairying in India has
emerged as a dynamic instrument ofsocio economic changes which not only
provides the milk and milk products but also helps in augmenting farm family
income, narrowing down the potential gap, providing drought power, meat,
hides and skin, harms, bane manure for croup production and in earning foreign
exchange. India has the potential to be world's leading exporter of milk products
under the GATT. This is possible because dairy is labour intensive and India
has good labour resource with low wages compared to existing leading
exporters. As subsidies are going to be curtailed in western countries, Indian
milk products are bound to have better market, but only condition is to improve
the quality. The production of milk is centered in and around rural areas
whereas the demand for milk is concentrated in urban areas. Therefore, there is
a need to have vertically integrated activities to procure the milk from rural
area, to process, to increase the shelf-life and to market the milk in urban areas.
The dairy cooperative structure has provided the institutional support. In this
effort more than 77993 primary Dairy Cooperative Societies have been
organized, most ofthem serving in one or two villages. These operate in 174
centres of the country's major milk sheds managed by milk union. This structure
is topped by 23 state cooperative Dairy Federations. The country has now
achieved the objective of "Operation Flood " programme to increase milk
production and to stop importing milk powder. In Karnataka state, Karnataka
Cooperative Milk Producer Federations, Nandini Brand of milk products is a
household name today, with one of the highest annual sales turnover in the dairy
industry. KMF came into existence in may 1984. KMF with high processing
capacities and wide distribution network has ensured the penetration of Nandini
in the remote parts of Karanataka. The philosophy of dairy development has
always been to eliminate middle men and organize institutions to be owned and
managed by the milk producers themselves, by employing professionals. The
Karnataka State Milk Federation has around 30 chilling centers, 13-farm
coolers, 14 liquid milk plants and two product dairies for chilling, processing,
conserving and marketing of milk

Hence, there is an urgent need to impart Technology in Dairy Farming and on

the usage of Equipments in the field of dairy farming to earn more income by
the dairy farmers. Further the study depicts that the variable income and all the
farm related variables such as experience in dairy farming, herd size, milk yield
and satisfaction in the dairy farming activities have significance over the level
of motivation and so it can be concluded that irrespective of the demographic
variables, only the farm related variables give them motivation to run the dairy
farm activities. Good quality feeding, genetics appropriate to the local
conditions and favourable levels of animal care are leading to good health and
welfare which in turn delivers levels of productivity. Healthy, long-lived cows
save on the cost of replacement and expensive veterinary treatments and
guarantee a stable milk supply. Training and regular updating of dairy
management knowledge is crucial in maintaining the dairy cattle’s health,
welfare and longevity, and ultimately the success of the dairy enterprise.
Manure is recycled and used on the land reducing the need for artificial
fertilisers and excess manure in used as a source of additional revenue.
However, the role played by the Aavin Milk Industry in Kanyakumari district
and the dairy farmers connected therewith are highly appreciable for the welfare
of the society as a whole.
BIBILIOGRAPHY

BOOKS

1. DAIRY FORMING – ADMEN J

2. DAIRY FORMING – BOBBY

NEWSPAPER
1. INDIAN EXPRESS

2. ECONOMIC TIMES

INTERNET

1. WWW.DAIRYFORMINGININDIA.COM
2. WWW.MILKFORMINGOPPORTUNITIES.COM
3. WWW.MILKFORMGROWTH.COM