Public Speaking- Giving a presentation not rely on a prepared manuscript but

in front of the addressees. on the speaker’s knowledge and ability

to improve.
-This is when you stand before
an audience and deliver a speech n a
formal or informal occasion.
Steps on how to prepare a speech
Types of speeches
1. Gather valid proof from reliable
1. Expository/ Informative Speech – sources.
needs data to impart. It explains an
2. Use appropriate appeals to support
idea, a process or an object.
your arguments.
-facts must be presented in a
3. Present a clear outline.
clear and organized way.
When presenting speech
2. Persuasive Speech- is a discourse
designed to move people to do or not to 1. Use rhetorical strategies
do. It ties to convince audience and
2. Use verbal and non-verbal strategies
readers to accept a particular viewpoint
or to take a certain action. Purposeful stride- being a skilled
a. a communication process in public speaker will give you an edge that
which the communicator seeks to elicit a offers lack even those who are more
desired response from his receiver. educated, have better training, or who
may even have better ideas. This is
b. a conscious attempt by one because being able to communicate
individual to change the attitudes, effectively, efficiently, and to position
beliefs, or behaviour of another yourself for leadership puts you ahead
individual or group of individuals through of the pack.
the transmission of some message.
Process of Writing
c. a symbolic activity whose
purpose is to affect the internalization or 1. Prewriting- includes exploring topics,
voluntary acceptance of new cognitive choosing a topic, and beginning to
states. gather and organize details before you
write.
d. successful intentional effort of
influencing other’s mental state through 2. Drafting- includes getting your ideas
communication. down on paper. This will serve as your
blueprint; a plan on how to execute your
3. Entertaining Speech- spoken both in writing.
standard and informal language, offers
the audience an enjoyable experience 3. Revising-this is the stage in which
you rework your first draft to improve
4. Extemporaneous Speech- is an and review details in your content and
informal speech given to suit an structure.
occasion, event or audience and does
4. Editing and Proofreading- this Use:
process will involve checking of your
-poetry
grammar, spelling, and mechanics.
-Nature writing
5. Publishing and Presenting- this is
the state wherein you share your works -Descriptive passages in fiction
to others and let them read yours.
3. Persuasive- tries to fetch other
Qualities of Good Writing people to your point of view. Main drive
is to convince.
1. Strong ideas
Use:
2. Organization
-opinion and editorial newspaper pieces
3. Voice
-advertisements
4. Word choice
-reviews
5. Sentence fluency
-letter of recommendation
6. Conventions
-letter of complaint
“Writer’s style is an image of his or her
personality, inimitable voice, and way of -cover letter
impending the audience and readers”
4. Narrative- it tells a story. There will
usually be characters and dialogue. The
author will generate different characters
Four types of writing
and tell you what occurs to them.
1. Expository – main purpose is to
-it answered the question: “What
explain.
happened then?”
- Talks about the object without
Usage:
giving opinions.
-novels
Use:
-short stories
- Textbook writing
-novellas
- How to- articles
-poetry
- Recipes
- Autobiographies or biographies
- New stories
- Anecdotes
- Business, technical or scientific writing
-oral histories
2. Descriptive- focuses on
communicating the details of a
character, event or place. Main purpose
is to describe.
First person narration- author writes Jargon- refers specifically to the
from the point of view of one of the vocabulary associated with such register
characters.
Dialects- used by a particular speech
communities and associated with
geographical setting or social groups.
What is persuasion?
- A communication process in
which the communicator seeks to Types of Speech Style
elicit a desired response from his
1. Formal- it uses formal words,
receiver.
expressions and imparting information.
- A conscious attempt by one
individual to change the attitudes, -strictly following the correct
beliefs, or behaviour on another grammar, diction and convention.
individual or group of individuals
- it usually elaborate complex
sentences, technical vocabulary and
Why persuasion? exact definition.
1. It is a symbolic process 2. Intimate- it is used in a conversation
between people who are very close and
2. It involves an attempt to influence
know each other quite well because of
3. People persuade themselves having a maximum shared background
information.
4. It involves the transmission of a
message 3. casual- is also simply defined as a
style that is used for the conversation in
5. It requires free choice
our relaxed or normal situation.
4. Consultative- it is used in some
Why Argue? group discussion, regular conversations,
at school, companies, trade, speech
- Argumentation normally involves conversation, etc.
identifying relevant norms and
conclusions for a given problem - This is the opposite of the
being analysed. intimate style because this style is used
among people who do not share
Argumentation- a vital form of human common experiences or meaning.
reasoning
5. Frozen- it is the most formal
communicative style that is usually used
What is register? in respectful situation of formal
ceremony.
Register (style) – is a variety of
language used in a particular social
setting.