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    Tension Headache

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    Kartini
    Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache and can be categorized as infrequent episodic, frequent episodic, or chronic based on frequency. TTH is characterized by mild to moderate bilateral tightening or pressing pain that lasts hours to days and is not worsened by physical activity. It is often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and depression. Treatment involves acute medications like analgesics for individual attacks as well as preventative medications like tricyclic antidepressants or nonpharmacological options like relaxation training depending on frequency.

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    Tension Headache

    Uploaded by

    Kartini
    16 views2 pages
    Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache and can be categorized as infrequent episodic, frequent episodic, or chronic based on frequency. TTH is characterized by mild to moderate bilateral tightening or pressing pain that lasts hours to days and is not worsened by physical activity. It is often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and depression. Treatment involves acute medications like analgesics for individual attacks as well as preventative medications like tricyclic antidepressants or nonpharmacological options like relaxation training depending on frequency.

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    Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache and can be categorized as infrequent episodic, frequent episodic, or chronic based on frequency. TTH is characterized by mild to moderate bilateral tightening or pressing pain that lasts hours to days and is not worsened by physical activity. It is often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and depression. Treatment involves acute medications like analgesics for individual attacks as well as preventative medications like tricyclic antidepressants or nonpharmacological options like relaxation training depending on frequency.

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    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    16 views2 pages

    Tension Headache

    Uploaded by

    Kartini
    Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common type of headache and can be categorized as infrequent episodic, frequent episodic, or chronic based on frequency. TTH is characterized by mild to moderate bilateral tightening or pressing pain that lasts hours to days and is not worsened by physical activity. It is often associated with psychological stress, anxiety, and depression. Treatment involves acute medications like analgesics for individual attacks as well as preventative medications like tricyclic antidepressants or nonpharmacological options like relaxation training depending on frequency.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE

    1. Definition

    Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most common form of headache. It can be categorized into
    three subtypes according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders based on
    headache frequency: (1) infrequent episodic TTH (<12 headache days/year), (2) frequent episodic
    TTH (12-180 days/year), and (3) chronic TTH (>180 days/year).

    2. Classification

    a. Infrequent episodic tension-type headache

    There are at least 10 episodes of attack in <1 day / month (or <12 days / year), headache ends
    within 30 minutes - 7 bilateral days, suppresses binding, no pulsation, mild or moderate, no
    nausea / vomiting, may be present phonophobia / photophobia, has absolutely nothing to do with
    other headache diseases.

    b. Frequent episodic tension-type headache


    There are at least 10 episodes of attack in 1-15 days / month in a period of at least 3 months (or
    12-180 days per year), headache ends within 30 minutes-7 days, bilateral, pressing, binding,
    non-throbbing, mild or moderate , no nausea / vomiting, there may be phonopobia / photopobia,
    absolutely nothing to do with other headaches.
    c. Chronic tension-type headache
    Headache from ETTH that occurs> 15 days / month within> 3 months (or> 180 days / year).
    d. Probable tension-type headache

    It was found to meet the TTH criteria but less one criterion for TTH was mixed with one of the
    probable migrane criteria. Headache lasts> 15 days / month for> 3 months (or> 180 days / year),
    headache lasts for several hours or continuously, bilateral, feeling of pressure / binding, mild or
    moderate intensity, no severe nausea or vomiting , there may be photopobia / phonopobia, no
    relation to other head diseases, at least the last 2 months.

    3. Etiology
    a. Tension and stress.
    b. Tiredness
    c. Anxiety
    d. Length of reading, typing or concentration (eye strain)
    e. Poor posture
    f. Neck and spine lesions
    g. High blood pressure
    h. Physical dan stress emotional

    4. Clinical Features
    TTH comprises headache attacks with mild to moderate pain intensity and is often described as
    having a pressing or tightening (nonpulsating) quality that is not aggravated by routine physical
    activity, such as walking or climbing stairs. The pain lasts for at least several hours to days and is
    predominantly felt bilaterally.

    5. Pathophysiology

    TTH is often associated with psychopathological psychological stress disorder, especially anxiety
    and depression. Depression is a situation characterized by an unpleasant mood that feels all the
    dislike and inability to get pleasure. In sufferers of depression, stress, and disorders (anxiety) in
    place there is a lack of serotonin, and noradrenaline levels in the brain. Serotonin and nor-
    adrenaline are neurotransmitters that play a role in the healing process and depression, which
    regulates mood. Serotonin deficits occur, so vasoconstriction occurs in blood vessels and
    transferred to the threshold of headache. Serotonin is degraded by the enzymatic action of
    monoamine oxidase and is released through 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
    acid (Mumenthaler and Mattle, 2004).

    TTH can be caused by stress, alcohol, and hormonal which will stimulate the sympathetic nervous
    system resulting in an increase in nor-epinephrine which is spread to the muscle spindles and
    causes vasoconstriction. Nor-epinephrine is also associated with blood vessels so that it is
    stimulated by cervical sympathetic ganglia and comfortable neck pain (Wesley, 2001).

    6. Therapy

    Treatment consists of acute pharmacological, preventive pharmacological, and


    nonpharmacological interventions, used alone or in combination depending on headache
    frequency and individual preferences. Simple analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
    (NSAIDs) are effective in treating acute headache. Tricyclic antidepressants (especially
    amitryptiline) should be the primary choice in preventive medication for patients with frequent
    or chronic TTH. Nonpharmacological interventions such as muscle relaxation training and
    electromyographic biofeedback have solid clinical support in treating TTH and have a success rate
    comparable to medical preventive treatment. Treatment strategies should be adapted
    accordingly, based on patient self-report and a headache diary.

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