Marian Psychia 2

JUNE 5, 2017
1. Identify at least 2 cultural and ethnic groups. Compare the concepts of prejudice, discrimination and
stereotyping and their relationship to stigmatization.
A. The Visayan people are mainly found in the Visayas region and also in some parts of Mindanao. The Visayans
speak a large number of dialects that they collectively call the Bisaya language. There more than 33 million
speakers of these languages and most of them are Christians.
Visayans people:
-They are highly regionalistic, which means that they are very proud of their craft; from guitars, to local bands,
and designers.
-Bisayas hard Tagalog accents are often ridiculed because they (Manilenos) think that we speak their language
in a funny way and often called as dumb.
-They are stereotyped negatively because of the way they speak the national language.
-They are judged as “walang modo” because of the absence of “po” and “opo.”
-A positive stereotype is that Visayans are gifted musicians or great boxers.
-They are the hardest to please; when it comes to musical performances.
-Visayans sometimes feel that there is some sort of Manileño conspiracy when a competition pits both ethnic
groups in the field of politics, sports and contests.
-When go to Colon Street, Junquera Street, Ayala Center and SM City, you can find these ubiquitous colorful
characters that shape Cebuano life.
-Bisaya speakers are often portrayed as household maids or are often playing a stupid character in most tv
sitcom or movies.
B. The Ilocanos
-Ilocanos are dark people
-Ilocanos have the most rigid speech in the country
-a region very devoted to education
-Ilocanos are stingy
-non-confrontational people
Stigma often leads to discrimination, or the inequitable treatment of individuals and the denial of the “rights
and responsibilities that accompany full citizenship”. Stigmatization can cause individual discrimination, which
occurs when a stigmatized person is directly denied a resource (e.g. access to housing or a job), and structural
discrimination, which describes disadvantages stigmatized people experience at the economic, social, legal, and
institutional levels. In addition, stigma can prevent mentally ill individuals from seeking treatment, adhering to
treatment regimens, finding employment, and living successfully in community settings. In 2001, the World
Health Organization (WHO) identified stigma and discrimination towards mentally ill individuals as “the single
most important barrier to overcome in the community”, and the WHO’s Mental Health Global Action
Programme (mhGAP) cited advocacy against stigma and discrimination as one of its four core strategies for
improving the state of global mental health.
2. Describe the beliefs about mental health and illness in different cultural groups, to include societal
norms and values.
Attitudes toward mental illness vary among individuals, families, ethnicities, cultures, and countries. Cultural
and religious teachings often influence beliefs about the origins and nature of mental illness, and shape attitudes
towards the mentally ill. In addition to influencing whether mentally ill individuals experience social stigma,
beliefs about mental illness can affect patients’ readiness and willingness to seek and adhere to treatment.
Therefore, understanding individual and cultural beliefs about mental illness is essential for the implementation
of effective approaches to mental health care. The following are some beliefs about mental health and illness
of Ilocanos and Visayan people.
A. Ilocanos
JUNE 5, 2017
-Many people consult faith healers for herbal treatments of physical ailments
-A woman's intense craving for sour fruits, such as tamarind, green mango or orange is usually interpreted
as a sign of pregnancy. The fruits that she eats provide clues to the child's appearance
-If the kajyanak (newborn) has physical defects, he is given a hair washing rite presided over by a folk healer.
If the defect is not healed, the family accepts the baby's condition and views it as a sign of good luck.
-Pubescence for the girl comes at age eleven when most girls begin to menstruate. Some of the taboos
which girls observe during menstruation include: eating sour fruit which may cause blood clotting and
menstrual cramps; taking a bath or carrying heavy objects which may cause matipdan (sudden stop of
menstrual flow) which may lead to insanity or death. Girl at this stage are also asked to sit on the 3rd step
of the stairs so that she will have only three days of menstruation.
-The Ilocanos have traditionally believed that most of man's illnesses are caused by spirits. Even accidents
have often been attributed to the supernatural, to spirits that could either be the aswang (witch) or the
mannamay (sorcerer).
B. Visayans
-After the child is born, the placenta is buried at the seashore to ensure the baby’s good health.
-It is the sign of good luck when the first born is a boy.
-For the baby’s first haircut, some pieces of hair is saved and inserted in a prayer book to make the child a wide
reader when he grows up.
-They believe that people should not sweep the floor when a family member dies for it might cause the death
of other family members.
-Rapid shifts from “hot” to “cold” lead to illness.
-Personalistic causes are associated with social punishment or retribution from supernatural forces such as evil
spirit, witch (Manga ga mud) or sorcerer (mangkukulam).
-Involvement of other coping resources such as reliance on family and friends or indigenous healers, and
dependence on religion which can diminish the need for mental health services.
3. Stress the important role of a nurse in developing awareness of the special problems of patients with
mental disorder.
 Caring for patients with acute conditions - building relationships and responding to their physical and
emotional needs, while delivering effective care.
 Administering patients' medications and treatments - and monitoring results.
 Dealing with the specific symptoms of mental illness, de-escalating stressful situations and helping patients
overcome challenges.
 Interacting with patients' families and other care staff - offering advice and information on patients'
conditions.
 Preparing and maintaining patients’ records, producing care plans and risk assessments.
 Organizing group therapy sessions, including social and artistic events, aimed at promoting patients' mental
recovery.
JUNE 5, 2017
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA

SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
PALO, CAMPUS
ASSIGNMENT IN HEALTH SCIENCES 113
Submitted by:
Marheane M. Montalban
BSN 37th Batch
Submitted to:
Oscar B. De Paz Jr. RN, MAN
JUNE 5, 2017
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA

SCHOOL OF HEALTH SCIENCES
PALO, CAMPUS
ASSIGNMENT IN HEALTH SCIENCES 113
Submitted by:
Karl Jacon M. Ferolino
BSN 37th Batch
Submitted to:
Oscar B. De Paz Jr. RN, MAN

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JUNE 5, 2017

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA

ASSIGNMENT IN HEALTH SCIENCES 113

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA

ASSIGNMENT IN HEALTH SCIENCES 113

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