Rangkuman AVT

What is AVT treatment in boiler?
The chemical treatment typically includes either all-volatile treatment (AVT) or

oxygenated treatment (OT). AVT employs chemicals such as ammonia or amine, and possibly
an oxygen scavenger such as hydrazine, that do not form solids in SC steam, thus eliminating the
possibility of solids depositing on the boiler tubes
Why use oxygen dosing supercritical boilers?

Generally this treatment is done only in supercritical boilers, for sub critical boiler oxygen
dosing is not used. With oxygenated treatment, oxygen is injected into the feedwater to keep
the oxygen level between 30-50 ppb. ... Also, OXygen dosing reduces the risk of flow-
accelerated corrosion
Why ammonia is dosed in boiler?

Ammonia - to maintain pH range in boiler feed water which further helps in stability of
protective layer inside boiler tubes, this protective layer prevents oxidation. ... Ammonia and
hydrazine are use in LP dosing.where it was dosed in low pressure side before BFP or in
dearator.
What causes high conductivity in boiler water?

Controlling TDS in the Boiler Water. ... Whilst foaming can be caused by high levels of
suspended solids, high alkalinity or contamination by oils and fats, the most common cause of
carryover (provided these other factors are properly controlled) is a high Total Dissolved Solids
(TDS) level
Why is the pH in my boiler water high?

Also too high pH may result in attack on copper containing parts. Natural water is usually
between 6.5 and 7.5 pH. A common recommendation is to maintain boiler water at
8.5 pH.Acidic water is corrosive. ... Therefore to prevent acidic corrosion PH is maintained in
Alkaline range.
Why is boiler water treated?

Internal treatment is the conditioning of impurities within the boiler system. The reactions occur
either in the feed lines or in the boiler proper. ... Its purpose is to properly react with
feed water hardness, condition sludge, scavenge oxygen and prevent boiler water foaming
What is all volatile treatment?

The all-volatile treatment employs only volatile chemicals for condensate return pH control,
feedwater, and boiler water. The commonly used additives are ammonium hydroxide,
cyclohexylamine, and morpholine
All-Volatile Treatment
The all-volatile treatment employs only volatile chemicals for condensate return pH control,
feedwater, and boiler water. The commonly used additives are ammonium hydroxide,
cyclohexylamine, and morpholine. The dissolved oxygen scavenger typically used with AVT
treatment is hydrazine. Higher concentrations of this additive generally are used during startup
and shutdown operations due to less efficient deaeration during these periods.
An important point to note is that if the feedwater system contains any pre-heaters with copper-
alloy tubes, AVT(O) or OT cannot be employed, as the oxygen would quickly corrode the
copper. AVT(R) is the only choice when copper alloys are present, but chemistry must be
carefully monitored and controlled to achieve a balance between minimized copper corrosion
and FAC
Condensate/Feedwater Treatment
When I began my utility career in 1981, widely-accepted condensate/feedwater chemical
treatment consisted of ammonia or amine feed to establish an alkaline environment. This
treatment was combined with feed of an oxygen scavenger/metal passivator to eliminate any
oxygen not removed by a deaerator and/or a deaerating condenser. The combination of ammonia
and oxygen scavenger feed came to be called all-volatile treatment reducing, [AVT(R)]. The
thinking was that all oxygen must be eliminated from the feedwater system.
This treatment involves the addition of ammonia (or an amine or blend of amines of lower
volatility than ammonia) and a reducing agent (usually hydrazine or one of the acceptable
substitutes) to the condensate or feedwater of the plant. In combination with a relatively low
oxygen level (from air in-leakage) of ~10 µg/kg or less in the condensate (usually measured at
the condensate pump discharge, CPD), the resulting feedwater will have a reducing redox
condition (usually measured as Oxidation-Reduction Potential, ORP). Higher levels of oxygen
(due to high air in-leakage) will usually preclude generation of the reducing environment, but are
often accompanied by excessive dosing of the reducing agent. AVT(R) provides protection to
copper-based alloys in mixed-metallurgy feedwater systems. Under optimum conditions, a fossil
plant should be able to operate with feedwater corrosion products which are Fe < 2 µg/kg and Cu
< 2 µg/kg [3] (Fe and Cu refer to the total concentrations of particulate metal oxides plus
dissolved metal ions). In multi-pressure HRSG systems, AVT(O) should be used in these cycles
due to concerns for single-phase FAC [4], and because the corrosion product levels in the
feedwater would be likely to exceed 2 µg/kg. Reducing agents concentrate in the LP evaporator
circuits.
Redox condition is a manipulable parameter that can be used to optimize growth of a targeted functional
group, therefore factors influencing the TW redox condition and its influence on organic carbon removal
mechanisms are emphasized.
(KURITA HANDBOOK)
The volatile treatment is the method of adjust-ing the pH of boiler water by using only volatile
substances like hydrazine, ammonia and volatile amines to prevent the alkaline corrosion and the
hide-out problems. In the case of high pressure boilers, the amount of impurities in the
feedwater should be strictly lowered, and the total solids in the boiler water should be controlled
at the lowest level to minimize scaling on the heat transfer surfaces and to keep the steam purity.
In the case of once through boilers, the volatile treatment has to be applied because the structure
requires to eliminate any solid substances, such as phosphates, from the boiler water. In this
treatment, since the pH of boiler water is low and nearly the same as the feedwater pH, the
presence of silica and dissolved oxygen in the feedwater may cause the carryover and corrosion
problems. Therefore, sufficient control of the feedwater quality is essential under the volatile
treatment.
In the late 1960’s, the boiler pressure became 170 to 180 kgf/cm , and the once-through boiler
was used. In the case of once-through boiler, chemicals which remain the evaporation residue in
boiler water, like phosphate, cannot be applied. Therefore, the volatile treatment using volatile
products, such as hydrazine, ammonia and volatile amines, was necessary for the once-through
boiler.
In large size thermal power stations, the operation of supercritical pressure boilers with the
pressure of more than 246 kgf/cm started from the second half of the 1960’s, using volatile
treatment.

Rangkuman AVT

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What is AVT treatment in boiler?

The chemical treatment typically includes either all-volatile treatment (AVT) or

Why use oxygen dosing supercritical boilers?

Why ammonia is dosed in boiler?

What causes high conductivity in boiler water?

Why is the pH in my boiler water high?

Why is boiler water treated?

What is all volatile treatment?

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