PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

A CASE STUDY ON DETERMINING THE STRESS-RELATED ACTIVITIES

AND ITS COPING MECHANISMS AMONG GRADE 12 GAS STUDENTS IN
PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA
S.Y. 2019-2020

VICENCIO, MARY GRACE ANNE U.

AGUIBA, HANNAH GAIL DC.
ALBA, LEIANNE MAE B.
BAUTISTA, ANGELICA C.
CANTILLON, PAULA MAY XYREL L.
FIGUROA, DANICA A.
GUANZON, SOPHIA MARI L.
REYES, ANGIELYN
SALLOMAN. ALEXANDRA PAULINE S.
VERANO, ROSEDINE P.
YANAY, NICOLE M.

2019
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INTRODUCTION

Stress is defined as a feeling that people are experiencing when they are

overloaded and struggling to cope with demands. Legg (2017) stated that these

demands can be related to finances, work, relationships, other situations or anything

that poses a real or perceived challenge or threat to a person’s well-being can cause

stress. In addition, based on Cleveland Clinic, you can experience stress from your

environment, your body, and your thoughts. In line with it, Stoppler and Balentine

(2018), stated that stress becomes a problem when it affects the person's physical or

mental functioning. According to Psychology Today, there are two different

meanings for stress: the abstract psychological perception of pressure and the body's

response to stressors. When your body experiences stress, signals trigger the body's

automatic response system, the fight-or-flight response. This is the body's way of

preparing to meet a challenge head-on or to flee from it. The fight-or-flight response

floods your body with hormones that increase heart rate and the circulation of blood,

designed to allow the body to get a quick burst of energy, focus attention and more.

Turner and Erlanger (2012) listed some signs of stress that individuals might

experience: being tired or fatigued, having difficulties concentrating, irritability or

short temper, and poor appetite. This may also be combined with unhealthy coping

habits such as smoking, drinking alcohol and over-or-under-eating. Children and

adolescents are often struggling on coping with stress. Feeling emotional and nervous
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or having trouble on eating or sleeping is all normal reactions to stress. According to

the Department of Health (United States), Parents and educators can take steps to

provide stability and support that help young people to feel better. Learning healthy

ways to cope and getting the right care and support can reduce stressful feelings and

symptoms. Stress is not classified as an illness but it can cause serious complication

if it isn't addressed.

Summary of Existing Research

Based on the study of Saqib & Rehman (2018) entitled, Impact of Stress on

Students Academic Performance at Secondary School Level at District Vehari,

Academic, stress is particularly hard on school students who are often living away

from home for the first time. Their study shows that teachers expect work to be

completed on time. Students may miscalculate the amount of time it takes to

complete reading and writing tasks, to print out replicas of their work. This is the

common stressor to students; there are lots of things that are needed to be done, like

homework, test, activities, readings, and quizzes. It is stressful to do all this work,

balancing time to do it, and to find time for extra- curricular activities. “A lot of

factor that influence in their study like present pressure, teacher’s attitude towards

their study, home strictness, future and job tensions.” All of these are running on the

head of some students that sometimes these become one of the stressors. “Time
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pressure limits the time available for the success of a particular task. This limitation,

however, often causes an emotional reaction, for example nervousness that has side

effects or indirect effects on success.” This also adds to the existing stress that they

are experiencing. Instead of the task itself, a student also thinks about the time

allotted for the completion of the task, this adds up to the stressors. According to

Kumar & Bhukar (2013), Professors strive to focus on the acquisition of knowledge

and often ignore students' emotions during the learning process. And this can be a

stressor, and may affect the learning and acknowledgement of lessons. Getting

criticism and negative comment coming from teachers may add up to the stress of the

students.

Saqib & Rehman (20018) stated that, acute stress is sometimes considered as

beneficial and can create motivation. Its study further provides an example where a

student is approaching a deadline, which is causing the student stress. This kind of

stress is good because it just temporary and can helps the students to focus and

complete the task before the given time. Most common application of this is during

exams. In addition, most psychologists assert that moderate stress motives

individuals to achieve and fuels creativity, although stress may hinder individuals

from performance on the difficult task.

Jain & Singhai (2018) found that the students' main source of stress is the

lack of proper support. There is a standard examination method that gives the

students no space for creativity and the limitations to be reached. The stress for
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students occurs in a variety of personal and social factors. The lack of clarity and lack

of availability of proper career counseling contributes to instructions and, after

completion, students become unsure about their jobs and nervous about their work.

Researchers have become highly pressured towards academics extracurricular

activities, projects etc. Parents expect their children to participate in the rat race,

outshine their colleagues and improve their own social standing. It is necessary to do

what you enjoy and do what you do. Effectively managing time and ensuring that at

least one physical exercise is conducted on a daily basis can become stress-dissuasive

and enhance attention span and thus become successful for academics.

Stress which promotes and facilitates learning is called good stress. An

optimal level of stress can enhance learning ability (Kaplan and Saddock, 2000). On

the other hand, stress which inhibits and suppresses learning is called bad stress. The

bad stress must be prevented and avoided (Linn and Zeppa, 1984). The proper kind

of stress makes a difference in honing the intellect and reflexes, hence making a

difference in boosting memory. Mild stress is continuously basic for effective and

productive working. It can offer assistance one to meet day by day challenges and

can motivate students to reach their goals (Jain & Singhai, 2017).

According to Dimitrov (2017), stress can be addressed by guaranteeing that

the students allow the most significance to their welfare, food work out, work,

entertainment are some of the ranges to focus on. Moreover he concluded that the
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education framework is more to do with academic capabilities and does not

contribute sufficient to the all-encompassing advancement of students.

Subramani & Kadhiravan (2017), stated the use of various strategies to control stress

is doing one physical work out on day by day premise can address the concern of

stress. One can embrace to different time management devices and get included with

recreation exercises which can benefit students.

Khan & Kausur (2013) concluded that stress for sure affects the ability to

consider effectively and managing the time. Examining regularly is vital, this helps

decrease the academic pressure and helps them fulfill their goals. On the other hand,

Auerbach & Grambling, (1998) stated that Stressors are the circumstances that

disturb, or undermine to disturb people, every day working and cause individuals to

create alterations. Respected to any situation that can stimulate any kind of danger or

threat to the well-being can be contemplated as stress. Stress was leading to

depression among secondary school students and connected with influence on

academic achievement. Introduction to preventive measures, instructing life abilities

and other helpful methods should be taken into serious thought.

The presence of stressful experiences in life portrays a big role to experiences

that affects the adolescent development of psychopathology (Grant, Compas, Thurm,

McMahon, & Gipson, 2004). Stress appraisal begins as a threat in a situation and also

depended by consideration of coping and strategies about it (McNamara, 2000).

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Theoretical Conceptualizations of Coping According to Moos and Billings (1982)

there is five theoretical perspectives which involves coping. The psychoanalytic

perspective suggests the ways of go blocks anxiety and increase of control to

moderate impulsive behaviors. The life-cycle perspective views coping as a broad

process with developmental transitions that includes enhancement of self-esteem.

Proponents of the evolutionary and behavior modification perspective offer that

coping needs strategies for survival. The cultural and social–ecological perspective

also suggests that coping is need for survival but it depends on the surroundings

physical and social environment. Last, the integrative perspective describes coping as

the experiences add and can be used in daily life happenings.

According to Ghatol (2017), an attempt was made in this paper to review the

literature on academic stress among the secondary school students and tried

to present the causes and symptoms of stress as well as coping

mechanism for stress. The review of literature indicate that the

reasons for stress during adolescence are because of disturbed

family dynamics, peer pressure, inability to cope with studies,

drug abuse, lack of competence. The involvement of adolescents

in getting instant gratification of needs has led to lot of stress in

them and in their relationships with family and peers. Anxiety reduction

and time management in conjunction with leisure activities may

be an effective strategy for reducing academic stress in college

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students. Students should have the aspiration/expectation about

their study, not beyond their capacities and abilities, Students

need also proper counseling while selecting their courses at

intermediate level. Author concludes

that supportive and stimulating atmosphere is very necessary for

the student to progress in their academic life and for reaching

their aim or goal.

Statement of the Problem

The problem of the study focuses in finding the stressors, signs of stress and

ways in coping among Grade 12 GAS Students. This problem aims to answers the

following:

1. What are the factors of stress among Grade 12 GAS students?

1.1. Personal Problem

1.2. Financial Problem

1.3. Family Problem

2. What are the symptoms of stress that the Grade 12 students experienced?

2.1. Physical Aspect

2.2. Emotional Aspect

2.3. Psychological Aspect

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3. What are the ways/techniques that the Grade 12 students do to overcome stress?

Theoretical Framework

According to Lazarus 1991, stress is viewed as 'transaction' which means the

relationship between an individual and their environments. 'Psychological stress

refers to the environment that the person assesses important to his or her well-being

in which demands coping resources'. In (figure 1), shows that Primary and Secondary

cognitive appraisal which can lead to three different levels of stress which are Harm,

threat and challenge. The harm that is already happened, Threats are about to happen

and challenge pressure about mastering and feel confident. Cognitive appraisal is

divided into three parts which are primary, secondary, and coping.

A primary appraisal is relevant to individual well-being, while Secondary

appraisal focuses on coping up of an individual. Primary appraisal has three

components which is the Goal relevance which refers to the issue which a person

cares, Goal congruence refers to the person's personal goal and lastly, type of ego

personal commitment like self - esteem, ego identity and, moral values. While

Secondary appraisal is divided into three component which are the Blame or credit

results of how individuals evaluate a responsible person in certain events, Coping

potential a person evaluation to a certain behavior or cognitive operations that will

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lead to positive outcomes and future expectations, about personal cares and personal

goals of an individual. And lastly, how individuals cope with stress, coping is divided

into two which are cognitive and behavioral efforts.

Coping is distinguished in two parts which are problem-focused coping which they

try to change their emotions or stress, second, Emotion - focuses coping refers to

change or reduce their emotions in demanding situations.

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Current situation

Stress causes depression or anxiety among teenagers. It comes from

schooling, community problem, and even in family. According to Porwal & Kumar

(2004), most of the students were stress because of homework, readings, and

academic competition. Moreover, students also had a problem in balancing the

academic to extra- curricular activities, social performances, time for friends,

household chores, and community responsibilities. In the Philippines, as Cabico

(2019) stated, Filipinos were one on the top list among countries which are most

stressed and most emotional populations in the world last year, according to Gallup's

annual Global Emotions report, wherein 58% of people said that they had experience

a lot of stress last 2018. Most of the threads or posts in social media are about the

struggles of most of teenagers now a day. Some of them want to end their lives

because of stress. This shows that stress has a negative impact among students' daily

lives. Stress is one of the common topics in such research conducted by people. The

reasons why researchers got interested in this topic: many people had experience it,

there is no age and profession when it is about stress and it happens because of

different reasons such as expenses, paper works, tasks, commitments, time

management and etc. The researchers chose this topic because the researchers wants

to know the factors that triggers stress, the symptoms, and how the teenagers

overcome it especially those Grade 12 senior high school students who are currently

taking General Academic Strand (GAS) because believe that they are more stress
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than other senior high school students who are taking different strand as if they has a

lot of tasks knowing that they are taking the general subjects, wherein every strand

taking. Also, GAS students were in the field of Education, where people used to

experience stress because teachers have to do lesson plans, budget their money for

some materials needed in demo, how to handle kids with different behaviors and

their own responsibilities when they got home.

METHOD

Statistical Method

To interpret and analyze the data effectively, the researchers will use the

following statistical and analytical treatment.

1. Mode – use to identify which data occurs in maximum number of

times.

𝑓1 − 𝑓2
Mode = L + ×h
2𝑓1 − 𝑓0 − 𝑓2

Where:

Modal Class = class with highest frequency

L = lower limit of modal class

f = frequency of modal class

f0 = frequency of class preceding modal class

f2 = frequency of modal class succeeding modal class

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h = class size

2. Percentage and Frequency – used to determine the percentage,

usually for data on profile.

Formula:

𝑓
% = × 100
𝑛

Where:

% = percent

F = frequency

N = number of cases

3. Thematic Content Analysis – used to find common patterns across a

data set.
It follows these steps:
 Getting familiar with the data (reading and re-reading).
 Coding the whole text (labeling).
 Searching the themes with broader patterns of meaning.
 Reviewing themes to make sure they for the data.
 Defining and naming themes.
 Write-up (creating a coherent narrative that includes quotes from
the interviewees.
Respondents of the study

A stratified random sampling technique is use on the selected participants in

this study. This technique is employed to ensure a fairly equal representation of the

variables for the study. The division is based on Senior High General Academic

Strand sections, Grade 12 students of Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela. This

will be done by the use of fishbowl method wherein the names will be put in the jar
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and randomly picked until the required number is obtained. That is, researcher

applied sampling with replacement.

Strand/Section Population Percentage Respondents

GAS 12 – 1 43 25.44% 25

GAS 12 – 2 44 26.04% 26

GAS 12 – 3 40 23.69% 24

GAS 12 – 4 42 24.85% 25

Total 169 100 % 100

Locale of the study

The researchers will conduct the study in the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Valenzuela, specifically at the Annex Building, near Children Mary Immaculate

College. The respondent of this study are the Grade 12 General Academic Strand

students, who are currently enrolled for the first semester of the school year 2019-

2020 at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenuela.

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Instrument of the study

The researchers will use an adapted and modified interview-questionnaire as

an instrument to gather the data that is needed. The interview-questionnaire will

answer the statement of the problem and the respondents are Grade 12 GAS

Students. The interview-questionnaire is consists of 3 sets of questions with 12

choices each: the factors, the symptoms and the coping mechanism. The interviewers

(or researchers) will check the provided space in each choice if the interviewee (or

respondents) agreed to the given choices. The profiling includes the name of the

interviewee together with year and section.

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researchers gathered all the master list of Gas 12 students from

sections 1 to 4. We will use a stratified technique with fish ball method. Second, the

respondents will be scheduled to a one by one interview (close-ended) and the time

and location are outside their classroom during their recess time or free time. Third,

before the interview started we will orient first the interviewee about the topic and

the purpose of the study. And we will give a consent letter to each interviewee to

assure that all the information will be used only for academic purposes.

Fourth, the interviewer will ask three sets of questions with 12 choices to the

interviewee about symptoms, factors, and coping mechanisms and we will the one

who will check the questionnaire to assure the validity and reliability of the answers.
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Finally, after the interview, the information and interpretation will be base on the

analysis and interpretation of the researchers.

DISCUSSION

Blind spot

Stress which promotes and facilitates learning is called good stress. An

optimal level of stress can enhance learning ability (Kaplan and Saddock, 2000). On

the other hand, stress which inhibits and suppresses learning is called bad stress. The

bad stress must be prevented and avoided (Linn and Zeppa, 1984). The proper kind

of stress makes a difference in honing the intellect and reflexes, hence making a

difference in boosting memory. Mild stress is continuously basic for effective and

productive working. It can offer assistance one to meet day by day challenges and

can motivate students to reach their goals (Jain & Singhai, 2017).

Ghatol (2017) indicated in his study that the

reasons for stress during adolescence are because of disturbed

family dynamics, peer pressure, inability to cope with studies,

drug abuse, and lack of competence. The involvement of adolescents

in getting instant gratification of needs has led to lot of stress in

them and in their relationships with family and peers. Anxiety reduction

and time management in conjunction with leisure activities may

 PAMANTASAN NG LUNGSOD NG VALENZUELA 18
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be an effective strategy for reducing academic stress in college

students. Students should have the aspiration/expectation about

their study, not beyond their capacities and abilities, Students

need also proper counseling while selecting their courses at

intermediate level. However, Saqib & Rehman (2018) stated in their study that, acute

stress is sometimes considered as beneficial and can create motivation. Its study

further provides an example where a student is approaching a deadline, which is

causing the student stress. This kind of stress is good because it just temporary and

can helps the students to focus and complete the task before the given time. Most

common application of this is during exams. In addition, most psychologists assert

that moderate stress motives individuals to achieve and fuels creativity, although

stress may hinder individuals from performance on the difficult task.

Strong and weak aspect

The study on stress-related activities and the coping mechanisms can help the

respondents, or to be specific the Grade 12 GAS students to understand their

situation in terms of stress. Stress as the focus of the study is relevant in today's

world. The researchers used fishbowl method to get 100 students under the General

Academic Strand in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela to become the focus of

the study. With the use of this, as shown on the interview questionnaire of the paper,

the questions provided by the researchers are understandable and in addition, the

respondents will be guided by the researchers by interviewing them one-on-one on

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the given time of research. As a result, the respondents will know and analyze the

factors, and symptoms of stress, and the ways or techniques on how to overcome it.

The study is just limited on a small number of students in Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng

Valenzuela, and because of this the gathered informations are also limited. The

weakest aspect of this study is having no result since the researchers did not undergo

the data gathering procedure unlike the other studies.

Implication

This study increases the number of opportunities for future research as this

study answers the problem stated, the theory exhibited for development and concept

validation. The future researches can be amend and elaborate by this study, as the

researchers displayed the summaries of existing studies from other researches and the

findings being the guide for future studies. First, this study only focuses to the Grade

12 GAS senior high school students, to have a powerful research, the future

researchers may gather data to the colleges whom are most stress especially those

who are actually practicing in the field. However the main problem of using college

students as the respondents is the availability. Second, this study is open for

modifying and addition. For example the weakness of this study is, there is no result,

further elaboration of terms and expansion of respondents. Finally, the future

researchers neither student may generate solutions regarding stress, in terms of

discipline and other struggles of the people experiencing stress.

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Recommendation

The result of the case study about academic related stress and coping

mechanism had given the researchers the following recommendation:

1. For the students, know your priorities you must have proper time management in

order to avoid cramming during the deadlines do it as early as possible. Treat

yourself after a long stressful school days to lessen the stressor you are experiencing

2. For the parents, do not pressure your children, instead help them to lessen the

stressors that they've experiencing. Parent’s expectations are one of the costs why

students are very stressful

3. For the teachers, they can avoid giving a lot of task and projects at the same to

avoid time pressure for the students. Academic activities are one of the reasons why

students are stress.

4. For the school, college, and universities - they must have activities at least once a

year for the students to enjoy, or they can provide free time for the students aside

from their recess. Time to rest in order for them to feel relaxed and during the class

hours they have energy to participate actively and focus on the lessons.

5.) For the Future research should be conducted by utilizing bigger sample size from

other schools to approve these findings. They should also engage in other researches

who conducted the same study.

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Subramani, C., & Kadhiravan, S. (2017). ACADEMIC STRESS AND MENTAL

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(IJAR)/fileview/May_2017_1493820733__162.pdf
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