English Excercises For Medical Students
English Excercises For Medical Students
English Excercises For Medical Students
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Unit 1 ........................................................................................................... 1
Review of Tenses; Basic Medical Vocabulary; Sounds of English
Grammar: Review of Tenses.................................................................. 1
Health Sciences: Basic Medical Vocabulary ....................................... 18
Phonetics: Sounds of English ............................................................... 54
Unit 2 ......................................................................................................... 55
Modal Verbs, Linking Words; Communication with Patients;
Pronunciation of Regular Past Tenses and Morphemic “-s”
Grammar: Modal Verbs ....................................................................... 55
Health Sciences: Communication with Patients................................... 67
Phonetics: Pronunciation of Regular Past Tenses and Morphemic “-s” .... 91
Unit 3 ......................................................................................................... 93
Conditional Sentences, Wishes, and the Passive Voice; Communication
at the Work Centre; Word Stress and Rhythm
Grammar: Conditional Sentences, Wishes, and the Passive Voice ...... 93
Health Sciences: Communication at the Work Centre ....................... 105
Phonetics: Word stress and Rhythm .................................................. 132
Here you can find a sketch of the structure of the most frequent
tenses, as well as some basic notes about them.
PRESENT SIMPLE
Present simple is used for habits and routines. Remember that the third
person singular adds an “-s” to the verb and its matching auxiliary is
“does”.
NOTE: As they are frequent actions and events, frequency adverbs are
used (such as “always”, “almost always”, “usually”, “normally”,
“often”, “frequently”, “hardly ever”, “never”, etc.). Remember that
frequency adverbs are placed (1) before main verbs, (2) after the verb
TO BE, and (3) between the auxiliary and the verb. Also, remember
that with “never” the verb must be in the affirmative. Have a look at
these examples:
2 Unit 1
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Present continuous is used for events that are currently happening (usually
for a long time). It is built with the verb TO BE.
PAST SIMPLE
Past simple is used to refer to finished events in the past. Words such as
“yesterday”, “last week”, “last year” or “ago” are frequently found in
simple past sentences.
Remember that there are regular and irregular verbs (see the second
column of the list of irregular verbs). Please refer to the list of irregular
verbs below.
Remember that the third person singular does not change. The auxiliary
for negative sentences and questions is “did”.
Here you can find a list of the main irregular verbs. The first column is the
infinitive form, the second column is the past tense (the one referred to in
this section), and the third column is the past participle (which will be used
later for “perfect tenses”, such as the present perfect, the past perfect, or
the future perfect).
4 Unit 1
PRESENT PERFECT
Remember that it is built with the auxiliary “have” or “has” (for the third
person singular) followed by the past participle of the lexical verb. Have a
look at the structure of sentences in the present perfect:
(+) You have played football twice this week. / He has played football
twice this week.
(-) You haven’t played football twice this week. / He hasn’t played
football twice this week.
(?) Have you played football twice this week? / Has he played football
twice this week?
(Y/N) Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. / Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
As happened with the present perfect, the present perfect continuous refers
to actions that have recently happened or that have some consequence in
the present. However, the present perfect continuous emphasizes that the
action happened for a long time.
It is built with the suitable auxiliary (have/has), the past participle of the
verb TO BE (been), and the lexical verb in the gerund form (-ing). Have a
look at the structure of sentences in the present perfect continuous:
(+) You have been playing football all day. / He has been playing
football all day.
(-) You haven’t been playing football all day. / He hasn’t been playing
football all day.
(?) Have you been playing football all day? / Has he been playing
football all day?
(Y/N) Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. / Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t.
PAST CONTINUOUS
As happened with the past simple, the past continuous tense refers to a
finished action that happened in the past, but focuses on the duration. It is
Review of Tenses; Basic Medical Vocabulary; Sounds of English 7
frequently used in conjunction with the past simple, that is to say “when an
event was taking place, something happened”.
It is built with the past tense of the verb TO BE, followed by the gerund
form of the lexical verb:
(+) You were playing football when I phoned you. / He was playing
football when I phoned you.
(-) You weren’t playing football when I phoned you. / He wasn’t
playing football when I phoned you.
(?) Were you playing football when I phoned you? / Was he playing
football when I phoned you?
(Y/N) Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t. / Yes, he was. No, he wasn’t.
PAST PERFECT
The past perfect refers to an action in the past which happened before
another event in the past.
It is built with the past tense of the verb TO HAVE (had), followed by the
past participle of the lexical verb:
(+) You had played football before I phoned you. / He had played
football before I phoned you.
(-) You hadn’t played football before I phoned you. / He hadn’t played
football before I phoned you.
(?) Had you played football before I phoned you? / Had he played
football before I phoned you?
(Y/N) Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. / Yes, he had. No, he hadn’t.
As happened with the past perfect, the past perfect continuous refers to an
action in the past which happened before another event in the past.
However, the past perfect continuous emphasizes the duration.
It is built with the past tense of the verb TO HAVE (had), followed by the
past participle of the verb TO BE, followed by the gerund of the lexical
verb:
8 Unit 1
(+) You had been playing football before I phoned you. / He had been
playing football before I phoned you.
(-) You hadn’t been playing football before I phoned you. / He hadn’t
been playing football before I phoned you.
(?) Had you been playing football before I phoned you? / Had he been
playing football before I phoned you?
(Y/N) Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t. / Yes, he had. No, he hadn’t.
FUTURE (WILL)
The future with “will” has different meanings. The three most common
ones are:
(1) Events that are far in the future, that is to say, future events which
are undetermined.
(2) Predictions (for example: it’ll rain tomorrow)
(3) Instant decisions (for example: OK, I’ll go!)
It is built with the auxiliary “will” followed by the infinitive of the lexical
verb. Have a look at the structure of sentences in the future with “Will”:
(+) You will play football next year. / He will play football next year.
(-) You will not (=won’t) play football next year. / He will not (=won’t)
play football next year.
(?) Will you play football next year? / Will he play football next year?
(Y/N) Yes, I will. No, I won’t. / Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
The future with “going to” refers to actions which are already planned and
defined.
It is built with the verb “TO BE”, followed by “going to” plus the
infinitive of the lexical verb. Have a look at the structure of sentences in
the future with “Going to”:
Review of Tenses; Basic Medical Vocabulary; Sounds of English 9
(+) You are going to play football next month / He is going to play
football next month.
(-) You aren’t going to play football next month / He isn’t going to play
football next month.
(?) Are you going to play football next month? / Is he going to play
football next month?
(Y/N) Yes, I am. No, I am not. / Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
The present continuous tense can also have a future meaning. It is used for
very planned actions and immediate events. Context is very important for
determining the use of this tense. Have a look at these examples:
(+) I’m copying this page in the copy room, I’m coming in a minute.
(-) He’s just sent me a text and told me he’s not coming to dinner.
(?) Are you eating out this evening?
(Y/N) Yes, I am. / No, I am not.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
The future continuous tense is used for referring to continuous actions that
will happen in the future.
It is built with the auxiliary “will” followed by the verb “TO BE” plus the
gerund form of the lexical verb. Have a look at the structure of sentences
in future continuous:
(+) By this time tomorrow, you will be playing football. / By this time
tomorrow, he will be playing football.
(-) By this time tomorrow, you won’t be playing football. / By this time
tomorrow, he won’t be playing football.
(?) Will you be playing football by this time tomorrow? / Will he be
playing football by this time tomorrow?
(Y/N) Yes, I will. No, I won’t. / Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
FUTURE PERFECT
The future perfect is used for referring to finished actions in the past (they
are a kind of predictions).
10 Unit 1
It is built with the auxiliary “will” followed by the verb “TO HAVE” plus
the past participle of the lexical verb. Have a look at the structure of
sentences in the future perfect:
(+) You will have played football twice by Friday. / He will have
played football twice by Friday.
(-) You won’t have played football twice by Friday. / He won’t have
played football twice by Friday.
(?) Will you have played football twice by Friday? / Will he have
played football twice by Friday?
(Y/N) Yes, I will. No, I won’t. / Yes, he will. No, he won’t.
CONDITIONAL
(+) I would travel more if I had more money. / He would travel more if
he had more money.
(-) I wouldn’t travel more if I had more money. / He wouldn’t travel
more if he had more money.
(?) Would you travel more if you had more money? / Would he travel
more if he had more money?
(Y/N) Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t. / Yes, he would. No, he wouldn’t.
Please note that there are three types of conditional sentences. They will
be explained in further detail in Unit 3.
PERFECT CONDITIONAL
It is built with the auxiliary “would” followed by the verb “TO HAVE”
plus the past participle of the lexical verb. Have a look at the structure of
sentences in the perfect conditional tense:
Review of Tenses; Basic Medical Vocabulary; Sounds of English 11
(+) I would have travelled more if I had had more money. / He would
have travelled more if he had had more money.
(-) I wouldn’t have travelled more if I had had more money. / He
wouldn’t have travelled more if he had had more money.
(?) Would you have travelled more if you had had more money? /
Would he have travelled more if he had had more money?
(Y/N) Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t. / Yes, he would. No, he wouldn’t.
PRACTICE
Exercise 1
Alice and Jack had bought / will buy1 two plane tickets to Malaysia
because their best friend was going / is going2 to get married with a
Malaysian girl the following weekend. Since they received / had received3
the invitation letter, they were looking forward to / will be looking
forward to4 their trip. The decided / had decided5 they would go / will go6
a couple of weeks in advance to visit the country.
However, they got / were getting7 a nasty surprise when they had checked
in / were checking in8 at the airport. They were asked if they had got /
got9 vaccinated against malaria. Unfortunately, they had been forgetting /
had forgotten10 about it. The police told them that getting vaccinated was
strongly recommended. Luckily they had arrived / were arriving11 very
early for their flight so they still had time to try to solve it. They had run /
ran12 to the police station at the airport, where they received all the
required information. While one had filled in / was filling in13 the forms,
the other was going / went14 to the A&E section. Everything was solved in
an hour, so they hurried / were hurrying15 back to check-in and caught /
had caught16 their flight. The only problem was that they had to spend the
first two weeks in their hotel in Malaysia, waiting for the vaccine to take
effect. However, on the weekend they really enjoyed / were enjoying17
their best friend’s wedding.
12 Unit 1
Exercise 2
Present
Rest
Get
Be
Smoke
Have
Work
Use
Radiate
Locate
Exercise 3
Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Exercise 4
Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Dear Coleen,
I _________________1 (be married) for 53 years, and for the past three
years my husband _________________2 (have) dementia.
He _________________3 (keep) accusing me of having affairs with his
friends. He _________________4 (have) a carer who
_________________5 (come) around to _________________6 (wash) and
_________________7 (dress) him, and now my husband
_________________8 (say) I _________________9 (sleep) with him.
Our children _________________10 (say) it’s time he
_________________11 (go into) a home, but I can’t do that—we
_________________12 (marry) in sickness and health. I
_________________13 (love) him but I _________________14 (know) how
much more I can take.
Coleen says …
14 Unit 1
Exercise 5
Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Source: https://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Physiotherapy/Pages/How-does-it-
work.aspx
16 Unit 1
Exercise 6
Complete the text with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
Source:
https://www.justlanded.com/english/Spain/Articles/Jobs/Physiotherapists
18 Unit 1
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Exercise 3
HEAD
1. Adam’s apple / Laryngeal prominence 2. Beard / Stubble / Goatee
3. Cheek 4. Chin 5. Ear 6. Eye 7. Forehead 8. Hair / Fringe /
Sideburns (Sideboards) / Scalp 9. Moustache 10. Mouth 11. Nose
12. Temple
EYE
1. Corner of the eye / Tear duct 2. Eyebrow 3. Eyelash 4. Eyelid
5. Pupil and iris 6. White of the eye / Sclera
22 Unit 1
MOUTH
1. Back teethh 2. Fang 3.
3 Lower lip 4.4 Palate (hardd and soft palaate)
5. Tongue 6. Tonsils 7.. Tooth (plural: teeth) 8. U
Upper lip 9. Uvula
U
NOSE
1. Nasal sepptum 2. Nostrril
EAR
1. Eardrum / Tympanum 2. Outer ear
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