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    Module-47A: Compaction

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    neeraj das
    1) Compaction involves mechanically pressing soil particles closer together to increase density and decrease voids. This increases shear strength and stability while decreasing permeability and compressibility. 2) Standard proctor and modified proctor tests are used to determine optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density by compacting soil in standardized molds with a specified number of blows. 3) Factors affecting compaction include water content, compactive effort, soil type, and compaction method. Maximum density occurs near OMC, with properties changing depending on wet or dry of OMC.

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    Module-47A: Compaction

    Uploaded by

    neeraj das
    37 views4 pages
    1) Compaction involves mechanically pressing soil particles closer together to increase density and decrease voids. This increases shear strength and stability while decreasing permeability and compressibility. 2) Standard proctor and modified proctor tests are used to determine optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density by compacting soil in standardized molds with a specified number of blows. 3) Factors affecting compaction include water content, compactive effort, soil type, and compaction method. Maximum density occurs near OMC, with properties changing depending on wet or dry of OMC.

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    1) Compaction involves mechanically pressing soil particles closer together to increase density and decrease voids. This increases shear strength and stability while decreasing permeability and compressibility. 2) Standard proctor and modified proctor tests are used to determine optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density by compacting soil in standardized molds with a specified number of blows. 3) Factors affecting compaction include water content, compactive effort, soil type, and compaction method. Maximum density occurs near OMC, with properties changing depending on wet or dry of OMC.

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    37 views4 pages

    Module-47A: Compaction

    Uploaded by

    neeraj das
    1) Compaction involves mechanically pressing soil particles closer together to increase density and decrease voids. This increases shear strength and stability while decreasing permeability and compressibility. 2) Standard proctor and modified proctor tests are used to determine optimum moisture content (OMC) and maximum dry density by compacting soil in standardized molds with a specified number of blows. 3) Factors affecting compaction include water content, compactive effort, soil type, and compaction method. Maximum density occurs near OMC, with properties changing depending on wet or dry of OMC.

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    SUB: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULE-47A

    MODULE- 47A
    Compaction
    _________________________________________________________________________
    Compaction means pressing the soil particles close to each other by mechanical
    methods. During compaction air is expelled from voids and density increases. Due to
    compaction shear strength of soil increases hence the stability and bearing capability of soil
    increases. Due to compaction permeability and compressibility decreases, hence seepage will
    decrease.
    Standard proctor test:
    Mould Size (dia) : 100 mm
    Height: 127.3 mm
    Capacity: 1000 ml
    Rammer mass: 2.6 kg
    Free drop: 310 mm
    No. of layers: 3
    No. of blows: 25

    If % soil retained on 4.75 mm sieve is more than 20%, larger mould is to be used.
    d= 150 mm
    Height =127.3 mm
    Capacity = 2250 ml.

    The No. of blows

    Modified Proctor Test:


    Rammer mass: 4.89 kg
    Free drop: 450 mm
    No. of layers: 5
    No. of blows: 25

    It is about 4.56 times of standard proctor test.

    JH ACADEMY Page 1
    SUB: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULE-47A

    OMC: The water content corresponding to the max dry density is known as the optimum
    moisture content.
    Zero % air void line or 100% saturation line.

    Zero air void line and 100% saturation line are identical.
    But 10 % air void line and 90 % saturation line are not- identical.

    Compaction curves of standard proctor test and modified proctor test.

    (1) Standard proctor test


    (2) Modified proctor test

    JH ACADEMY Page 2
    SUB: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULE-47A

    Factor effecting compaction:


    1. Water Content: At low water content lubrication is less and it is very difficult to re-
    arrange the soil particles. As water content increases lubrication increase and air voids
    decreases. At OMC air voids becomes constant. After OMC air will not go out and
    the added water increases the total voids so that density decreases.

    2. Amount of Compaction: As water content less than OMC, by increase of


    compaction, dry density increases, initially at high rate and later the rate decreases
    and becomes zero.

    3. Type of soils: Coarse grained soils can be compacted to higher dry density than fine
    grained soil. If we add fines to the coarse grained soil, dry density further increases.
    This trend will continuous up to fill the voids, after that dry density decreases.
    4. Method of compaction: For the same amount of compactive effort, the dry density
    depends upon whether the method of compaction utilizes kneading action, dynamic
    action or static action.

    Effect of Compaction on properties of soil:


    1. Soil Structure: Soils compacted dry of optimum have a flocculated structure and wet
    of optimum have a dispersed structure. In dry of optimum, attractive forces are
    predominant and in wet of optimum repulsion forces are predominant.
    2. Permeability: Permeability decreases with increase in water content on dry side of
    OMC. There is an improved orientation of particles and corresponding reduction in
    size of voids which cause decrease in permeability. The minimum permeability occurs
    at slightly above OMC.
    3. Swelling: A soil compacted dry of the OMC has high water deficiency and more
    random orientation of particles and has more swelling.
    4. Pore Water Pressure: Sample compacted dry of OMC has less pore water pressure.
    5. Shrinkage: Wet of optimum can pack more efficient and therefore more shrinkage.
    6. Compressibility: Due to flocculated structure on dry of OMC the soil has less
    compressibility.
    7. Stress-Strain relationship: The soils compacted dry of OMC have a steeper stress
    curve than those on wet side.
    8. Shear Strength: The soils compacted dry of OMC have higher shear strength.

    JH ACADEMY Page 3
    SUB: GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING MODULE-47A

    ( )
    \
    Types of rollers:
    (1)Smooth-wheel rollers: Useful for finishing operations, and for compacting granular base
    course of highways.
    (2)Pneumatic- typed rollers: These rollers are effective for compacting cohesive as well as
    cohesion less soils.
    (3)Sheep-foot rollers: Useful for cohesive soils.
    (4)Vibratory rollers: Suitable for granular soils.

    JH ACADEMY Page 4

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