MID TERM TEST: CROSS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING

English Education Department of Al-Hikmah Teacher Institute

Gender Variable in ESL Learning: A Literature Study

Rihza Galih Faturrochman
STKIP Al Hikmah, Surabaya, Indonesia
ABSTRACT: Authors of papers to proceedings have to type these in a form suitable for direct photographic
reproduction by the publisher. In order to ensure uniform style throughout the volume, all the papers have to
be prepared strictly according to the instructions set below. The enclosed CPI_AR_PDF1.7.joboptions
should be used to create the final Camera Ready Copy PDF file. The publisher will reduce the camera-
ready copy to 75% and print it in black only. For the convenience of the authors template files for MS Word
6.0 (and higher) are provided.
1 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS should be the first letter of the first three words of
the title of the paper (e.g. this paper: balpat.doc).
1.1 Type area Now you can type your paper, or copy the old
The text should fit exactly into the type area of 187  version of your paper onto this new formated file.
272 mm (7.36"  10.71"). For correct settings of
margins in the Page Setup dialog box (File menu) see
2.2 Copying old text onto new file
Table 1.
Open your old file and the new file. Switch between
these two with the Window menu. Select all text of
1.2 Typefont, typesize and spacing the old file (excluding title, authors, affiliations and
Use Times New Roman 12 point size and 13 point abstract) and paste onto bottom of new file, after
line spacing (Normal;text tag). Use roman type having deleted the word INTRODUCTION (see also
except for the headings (Heading tags), parameters in section 2.5). Check the margin setting (Page Setup
mathematics (not for log, sin, cos, ln, max., d (in dx), dialog box in File menu) and column settings (see
etc), Latin names of species and genera in botany and Table 1 for correct settings). After this copy the texts
zoology and the titles of journals and books which which have to be placed in the frames (see sections
should all be in italics. Never use bold, except to 2.3 and 2.4 ). In order to avoid disruption of the text
denote vectors in mathematics. Never underline any
text. Use the small font (10 points on 11 points) for Table 1. Margin settings for A4 size paper and letter
tables (Table tags), figure captions (Figure caption size paper.
______________________________________________
tag) and the references (Reference text tag). Setting A4 size paper Letter size paper
____________ _____________
Never use letterspacing and never use more than cm inches cm inches
one space after each other. ______________________________________________
Top 1.2 0.47" 0.32 0.13"
Bottom 1.3 0.51" 0.42 0.17"
Left 1.15 0.45" 1.45 0.57"
2 GETTING STARTED Right 1.15 0.45" 1.45 0.57"
All other 0.0 0.0" 0.0 0.0"
2.1 Preparing the new file with the correct template Column width* 9.0 3.54" 9.0 3.54"
Column spacing* 0.7 0.28" 0.7 0.28"
_____________________________________________
Copy the template file B2ProcA4.dot (if you print on
A4 size paper) or B2ProcLe.dot (for Letter size * Column dialog box in Format menu.
paper) to the template directory. This directory can and frames, copy these texts paragraph by paragraph
be found by selecting the Tools menu, Options and without including the first word (which includes the
then by tabbing the File Locations. When the Word old tag). It is best to first retype the first words
programme has been started open the File menu and manually and then to paste the correct text behind.
choose New. Now select the template B2ProcA4.dot When the new file contains all the text, the old tags
or B2ProcLe.dot (see above). Start by renaming the in the text should be replaced by the new Balkema
document by clicking Save As in the menu Files. tags (see section 3). Before doing this apply
Name your file as follows: First three letters of the automatic formatting (AutoFormat in Format menu).
file name should be the first three letters of the last
name of the first author, the second three letters
 2.3 Title, author and affiliation frame Roman, 12 pt on 13 pt line spacing except for the
paper title (18 pt on 20 pt), author(s) (14 pt on 16
Place the cursor on the T of Title at the top of your pt), and the small text in tables, captions and
newly named file and type the title of the paper in references (10 pt on 11 pt). All line spacing is exact.
lower case (no caps except for proper names). The Never add any space between lines or paragraphs.
title should not be longer than 75 characters). Delete When a column has blank lines at the bottom of the
the word Title (do not delete the paragraph end). page, add space above and below headings (see
Place the cursor on the A of A.B.Author(s) and type opposite column).
the name of the first author (first the initials and then First lines of paragraphs are indented 5 mm (0.2")
the last name). If any of the co-authors have the same except for paragraphs after a heading or a blank line
affiliation as the first author, add his name after an & (First paragraph tag).
(or a comma if more names follow). Delete the
words A.B. Author etc. and place the cursor on the A
of Affiliation. Type the correct affiliation (Name of3.2 Headings
the institute, City, State/Province, Country). Now Type primary headings in capital letters roman
delete the word Affiliation. If there are authors linked (Heading 1 tag) and secondary and tertiary headings
to other institutes, place the cursor at the end of the in lower case italics (Headings 2 and 3 tags).
affiliation line just typed and give a return. Now type Headings are set flush against the left margin. The
the name(s) of the author(s) and after a return the tag will give two blank lines (26 pt) above and one
affiliation. Repeat this procedure until all affiliations (13 pt) beneath the primary headings, 1½ blank lines
have been typed. (20 pt) above and a ½ blank line (6 pt) beneath the
All these texts fit in a frame which should not be secondary headings and one blank line (13 pt) above
changed (Width: Exactly 187 mm (7.36"); Height: the tertiary headings. Headings are not indented and
Exactly 73 mm (2.87") from top margin; Lock neither are the first lines of text following the heading
anchor). indented. If a primary heading is directly followed by
a secondary heading, only a ½ blank line should be
set between the two headings. In the Word
2.4 Abstract frame programme this has to be done manually as follows:
Place the cursor on the primary heading, select
If there are no further authors place the cursor one Paragraph in the Format menu, and change the
space behind the word ABSTRACT: and type your setting for spacing after, from 13 pt to 0 pt. In the
abstract of not more than 150 words. The top of the same way the setting in the secondary heading for
first line of the abstract will be 73 mm (2.87") from spacing before should be changed from 20 pt to 7 pt.
the top of the type area. The complete abstract will
fall in the abstract frame, the settings of which should
also not be changed (Width: Exactly 187 mm (7.36");3.3 Listing and numbering
Height: Automatic; Vertical 73 mm (2.87") from When listing facts use either the style tag List signs
margin; Lock anchor). or the style tag List numbers.

3.4 Equations
2.5 First line of text or heading
Use the equation editor of the selected word
If your text starts with a heading, place the cursor on processing programme. Equations are not indented
the I of INTRODUCTION and type the correct text (Formula tag). Number equations consecutively and
for the heading. Now delete the word place the number with the tab key at the end of the
INTRODUCTION and start with the text after a line, between parantheses. Refer to equations by
return. This text should have the tag First paragraph. these numbers. See for example Equation 1 below:
If your text starts without a heading you should From the above we note that sin  = (x + y)z or:
place the cursor on the I of INTRODUCTION, 4
change the tag to First paragraph and type your text  R2 
K t  1   k1 (1)
after deleting the word INTRODUCTION.  ca   tan  

where ca = interface adhesion;  = friction angle at

3 LAYOUT OF TEXT interface; and k1 = shear stiffness number.
For simple equations in the text always use
3.1 Text and indenting superscript and subscript (select Font in the Format
Text is set in two columns of 9 cm (3.54") width menu). Do not use the equation editor between text
each with 7 mm (0.28") spacing between the on same line.
columns. All text should be typed in Times New
 The inline equations (equations within a sentence) Jappelli, R. & Marconi, N. 1997. Recommendations and
in the text will automatically be converted to the prejudices in the realm of foundation engineering in Italy:
A historical review. In Carlo Viggiani (ed.), Geotechnical
AMS notation standard. engineering for the preservation of monuments and
historical sites; Proc. intern. symp., Napoli, 3-4 October
1996. Rotterdam: Balkema.
3.5 Tables Johnson, H.L. 1965. Artistic development in autistic children.
Locate tables close to the first reference to them in Child Development 65(1): 13-16.
the text and number them consecutively. Avoid Polhill, R.M. 1982. Crotalaria in Africa and Madagascar.
Rotterdam: Balkema.
abbreviations in column headings. Indicate units in
the line immediately below the heading. Explanations 3.7.3 Endnote
should be given at the foot of the table, not within We would appreciate it if you make use of the
the table itself. Use only horizontal rules: One above enclosed Endnotes stylefile (Harvard.ens).
and one below the column headings and one at the
foot of the table (Table rule tag: Use the Shift-minus
key to actually type the rule exactly where you want3.8 Notes
it). For simple tables use the tab key and not the table These should be avoided. Insert the information in
option. Type all text in tables in small type: 10 on 11 the text. In tables the following reference marks
points (Table text tag). Align all headings to the left should be used: *, **, etc. and the actual footnotes
of their column and start these headings with an set directly underneath the table.
initial capital. Type the caption above the table to the
same width as the table (Table caption tag). See for
example Table 1. 3.9 Conclusions
Conclusions should state concisely the most
3.6 Figure captions important propositions of the paper as well as the
author’s views of the practical implications of the
Always use the Figure caption style tag (10 points results.
size on 11 points line space). Place the caption
underneath the figure (see Section 5). Type as
follows: ‘Figure 1. Caption.’ Leave about two lines 4 PHOTOGRAPHS AND FIGURES
of space between the figure caption and the text of
the paper. Number figures consecutively in the order in which
reference is made to them in the text, making no dis-
3.7 References tinction between diagrams and photographs. Figures
should fit within the column width of 90 mm (3.54")
In the text, place the authors’ last names (without or within the type area width of 187 mm (7.36").
initials) and the date of publication in parentheses Figures, photographs, etc. can be in black/white or
(see examples in Section 5). At the end of the paper, full color, but will be produced in the book in
list all references in alphabetical order underneath the black/white only. Please insert the high resolution
heading REFERENCES (Reference heading tag). figures (see artwork document) in the word file.
The references should be typed in small text (10 pt Figures, etc. should not be centered, but placed
on 11 pt) and second and further lines should be against the left margin. Leave about two lines of
indented 5.0 mm (0.2") (Reference text tag). If space between the actual text and figure (including
several works by the same author are cited, entries caption). Never place any text next to a figure. Leave
should be chronological:
Larch, A.A. 1996a. Development ...
this space blank. The most convenient place for
Larch, A.A. 1996b. Facilities ... placing figures is at the top or bottom of the page.
Larch, A.A. 1997. Computer ... Avoid placing text between figures as readers might
Larch, A.A. & Jensen, M.C. 1996. Effects of ... not notice the text. Keep in mind that everything will
Larch, A.A. & Smith, B.P. 1993. Alpine ... be reduced to 75%. Therefore, 9 point should be the
minimum size of the lettering. Lines should
3.7.1 Typography for references preferably be 0.2 mm (0.1") thick. Keep figures as
Last name, First name or Initials (ed.) year. Book title. City: simple as possible. Avoid excessive notes and
Publisher.
Last name, First name or Initials year. Title of article. Title of designations.
Journal (series number if necessary) volume number (issue
number if necessary): page numbers.

3.7.2 Examples
Grove, A.T. 1980. Geomorphic evolution of the Sahara and the
Nile. In M.A.J. Williams & H. Faure (eds), The Sahara
and the Nile: 21-35. Rotterdam: Balkema.
 anelastic strain  × 20 instead of 20 / X20 / x 20; 4 + 5 > 7

cracking instead of 4+5>7 but –8 / +8 instead of – 8 / + 8
crack closure
 e.g. / i.e. instead of e.g., / i.e.,
stiffness decrease
under compression
 6 SUBMISSION OF MATERIAL
 f stiffness decrease The camera-ready copy PDF file of the complete
in tension paper should be created with the enclosed
CPI_AR_PDF1.7.joboptions file and sent to the
crack closure editor. Together with the MsWord or LaTeX file.
All figures should be included as high resolution file
in the PDF and word file (see artwork document).
compressive
yielding point Check whether the paper looks the same as this
sample: Title at top of first page in 18 points, authors
Figure 1. Caption of a typical figure. Photographs will be in 14 points and all other text in 12 points on 13
scanned by the printer. Always supply original photographs. points line space, except for the small text (10 point
on 11 point line space) used in tables, captions and
Photographs should be with good contrast and references. Also check if the type width is 187 mm
preferably in TIFF or EPS format (see Artwork (7.36"), the column width 90 mm (3.54"), the page
document). Photographic reproductions cut from length is 272 mm (10.71") and that the space above
books or journals, photocopies of photographs and the Abstact is exactly as in the sample. Write your
screened photographs are unacceptable. The name and the shortened title of the paper in pencil in
proceedings will be printed in black only. For this the bottom margin of each page and number the
reason avoid the use of colour in figures and pages correctly.
photographs. Colour is also nearly always
unnecessary for scientific work.
7 DEADLINE

5 PREFERENCES, SYMBOLS AND UNITS The above material should be with the lecturer on the
deadline for submission (6 November 2019). Any
Consistency of style is very important. Note the material received too late will not be accepted.
spacing, punctuation and caps in all the examples
below.
 References in the text: Figure 1, Figures 2-4, 6,
8a, b (not abbreviated)
 References between parentheses: (Fig. 1), (Figs 2-
4, 6, 8a, b) (abbreviated)
 USA / UK / The Netherlands instead of U.S.A. /
U.K. / Netherlands / the Netherlands
 Author & Author (1989) instead of Author and
Author (1989)
 (Author 1989a, b, Author & Author 1987) instead
of (Author, 1989a,b; Author and Author, 1987)
 (Author et al. 1989) instead of (Author, Author &
Author 1989)
 Use the following style: (Author, in press);
(Author, in prep.); (Author, unpubl.); (Author,
pers. comm.)

Always use the official SI notations:

 kg / m / kJ / mm instead of kg. (Kg) / m. / kJ.
(KJ) / mm.;
 20°1632SW instead of 20° 16 32 SW
 0.50 instead of 0,50 (used in French text); 9000
instead of 9,000 but if more than 10,000: 10,000
instead of 10000
 14C instead of C14 / C-14 and BP / BC / AD
instead of B.P. / B.C. / A.D.