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Ads - B For Everyone: A Pilot'S Guide To Nextgen

The document provides an overview of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology which is a key component of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). ADS-B requires aircraft to broadcast their position, altitude, velocity and other information to air traffic control and other aircraft. It will be required for flights in most controlled airspace by 2020. The document discusses the two ADS-B implementations, ADS-B Out which broadcasts information and is required, and ADS-B In which receives information. It also summarizes options for pilots regarding which ADS-B system and equipment to utilize.

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jsopko112
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
79 views

Ads - B For Everyone: A Pilot'S Guide To Nextgen

The document provides an overview of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) technology which is a key component of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen). ADS-B requires aircraft to broadcast their position, altitude, velocity and other information to air traffic control and other aircraft. It will be required for flights in most controlled airspace by 2020. The document discusses the two ADS-B implementations, ADS-B Out which broadcasts information and is required, and ADS-B In which receives information. It also summarizes options for pilots regarding which ADS-B system and equipment to utilize.

Uploaded by

jsopko112
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ADS-­‐B

 For  Everyone  
A  Pilot’s  Guide  To  NextGen  
About:  Steve  Sokol  

Ê  Private  Pilot  

Ê  Founder,  Open  Flight  Solutions  

Ê  Member  of  Stratux  community  

Ê  20+  Years  in  Telecommunications  

Ê  14  Years  in  Open  Source  Software  

Ê  Owner  of  N74662  –  Grumman  Tiger  

Ê  Serving  on  several  Part  23  ASTM  committees  


About:  Open  Flight  Solutions  

Ê  Founded  in  January,  2016  

Ê  Focused  on  reducing  costs  in  aviation  

Ê  Launched  with  a  Kickstarter  campaign  

Ê  Initial  product  is  FlightBox  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  Hope  to  launch  a  revolution  in  “kit”  avionics  


Agenda  

Ê  ADS-­‐B  101  

Ê  ADS-­‐B  Options  

Ê  Stratux  Open  Source  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  FlightBox  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  Live  Demo  


ADS-­‐B  101  

ADS-­‐B  Is:  

Ê  Part  of  FAA’s  NextGen  ATC  program.  

Ê  The  key  to  tighter  separation  and  thus  higher  throughput  at  
major  airports.  

Ê  Similar  in  concept  to  Mode  C  /  Mode  S  transponder  but  with  
much  more  data.  

Ê  Required  by  January  1,  2020  for  access  to  Class  A,  B,  and  C  
airspace  and  the  Mode  C  veil  around  some  Class  B  airports  
ADS-­‐B  101  

ADS-­‐B  Defined  

Automatic  –  occurs  automatically,  no  interrogation  required  


Dependent  
Surveillance  
Broadcast  
ADS-­‐B  101  

ADS-­‐B  Defined  

Automatic  
Dependent  –  depends  on  the  aircraft  to  provide  the  data  
Surveillance  
Broadcast  
ADS-­‐B  101  

ADS-­‐B  Defined  

Automatic  
Dependent  
Surveillance  –  allows  ATC  to  monitor  your  activity  
Broadcast  
ADS-­‐B  101  

ADS-­‐B  Defined  

Automatic  
Dependent  
Surveillance  
Broadcast  –  sent  in  the  clear  for  anyone  to  pick  up  
ADS-­‐B  101  

Two  Systems  

Ê  UAT  

Ê  1090-­‐ES  

Two  Functions  

Ê  ADS-­‐B  Out  

Ê  ADS-­‐B  In  


ADS-­‐B  101  –  Two  Systems  

UAT  System  

Ê  US  Only  

Ê  Not  for  use  in  flight  at  or  above  18,000’  

Ê  Intended  for  light  aircraft  

Ê  Uses  978  MHz  frequency  (unused  DME  channel)  

Ê  Lots  of  bandwidth  (>  1  mbps)  

Ê  Includes  more  data  


ADS-­‐B  101  –  Two  Systems  

1090-­‐ES  System  

Ê  International  Standard  

Ê  Required  for  flight  at  >  18,000’  

Ê  Intended  for  heavy  iron,  international  travellers  

Ê  Uses  the  same  1090  MHz  band  as  transponders  

Ê  Potentially  just  a  software  update  for  S-­‐Mode  transponders  

Ê  Limited  bandwidth  in  crowded  spectrum  


ADS-­‐B  101  –  Two  Systems  

Ê  You  can  outfit  with  either  system  –  the  rules  do  not  mandate  
one  or  the  other.  

Ê  Which  system  you  pick  for  ADS-­‐B  Out  depends  on  mission  
and  current  equipment.  

Ê  For  ADS-­‐B  In,  you  will  frequently  want  to  have  support  for  
both  systems.  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  Out  

Ê  Sends  latitude,  longitude,  GPS  altitude,  pressure  altitude,  


ground  track,  ground  speed,  ICAO  identifier,  N-­‐number,  ADS-­‐
B  In  status,  and  other  data  once  per  second.  

Ê  Requires  a  very  accurate  position  source.  Currently  WAAS  


GPS  is  the  only  approved  position  source.  

Ê  Data  is  received  by  FAA  ground  towers  which  forward  it  to  
ATC  and  re-­‐broadcast  it  to  aircraft  in  the  area  (more  on  this  in  
a  bit).  

Ê  Data  is  received  by  other  aircraft  equipped  with  ADS-­‐B  In.  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  Out  
Aircraft  with  ADS-­‐B  In   Aircraft  calculates  its  position  
receive  the  information   based  on  WAAS  GPS.  
directly.  

Aircraft  sends  its  position  


via  broadcast.  

Ground  Towers  receive  and  relay  position  information  


ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  Out  

Ê  Position  source  must  meet  very  stringent  performance  and  


error  detection  requirements  outlined  in  a  TSO.  

Ê  Even  experimental  aircraft  must  meet  the  performance  


requirements,  tough  they  can  use  non-­‐TSO  hardware.  

Ê  Must  be  installed.  Portable  devices  are  not  currently  allowed.  

Ê  This  is  the  part  of  ADS-­‐B  that  is  required  under  the  2020  
Mandate.  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  Out  
Which  System?  

Ê  If  you  fly  internationally  or  in  Class  A  airspace,  you  don’t  have  a  
choice:  you  must  use  1090-­‐ES.  

Ê  If  you  already  have  an  approved  WAAS  position  source,  it  may  be  
cheaper  to  go  with  1090-­‐ES.  

Ê  If  you  already  have  a  Mode  S  transponder,  it  may  be  cheaper  to  go  
with  1090-­‐ES.  

Ê  If  you  don’t  fly  internationally  or  in  Class  A,  and  you  don’t  already  
have  a  WAAS  position  source,  UAT  is  a  less  expensive  option.  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  

Ê  Receives  data  from  FAA  ground  towers.  

Ê  Receives  data  from  aircraft  equipped  with  ADS-­‐B  Out.  

Ê  May  be  certified  +  installed  system  or  portable.  

Ê  Data  is  displayed  on:  


Ê  PFD  /  MFD  
Ê  EFIS  
Ê  Tablet  App  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  
Nearby  aircraft  send  their  location,  track,  speed,  etc.  
Weather  and  Traffic  data  are  
displayed  on  a  tablet,  EFIS  or  
MFD.    

Ground  Towers  send  FIS-­‐B,  TIS-­‐B  and  ADS-­‐R  Traffic  


ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  

ADS-­‐B  In  over  UAT  (978  MHz)  

Ê  Includes  FIS-­‐B  


Ê  Weather  
Ê  TFRs,  NOTAMs,  SUAs  

Ê  Includes  TIS-­‐B  


Ê  Direct  ship-­‐to-­‐ship  traffic  sent  on  UAT  frequency  
Ê  TIS-­‐B  traffic  
Ê  ADS-­‐R  traffic  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  

ADS-­‐B  In  over  1090-­‐ES  

Ê  Includes  Traffic  


Ê  Direct  ship-­‐to-­‐ship  traffic  sent  on  UAT  frequency  
Ê  TIS-­‐B  traffic  
Ê  ADS-­‐R  traffic  

Ê  Does  NOT  include  FIS-­‐B  services  


Ê  Not  enough  bandwidth  available  
Ê  Most  are  flying  IFR  
Ê  Many  have  XM  services  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  

FIS-­‐B  Weather  Products  

Ê  Regional  and  CONUS  NEXRAD  Radar  

Ê  METARs  

Ê  TAFs  

Ê  AIRMETs  /  SIGMETs  

Ê  Winds  /  Temps  Aloft  

Ê  PIREPs  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  
ADS-­‐B  Traffic  
Ê  Direct  Traffic  –  your  ADS-­‐B  receiver  picks  up  a  broadcast  from  a  
nearby  aircraft.  
Ê  Not  all  that  common  today  as  only  10%  of  aircraft  are  equipped  
Ê  Will  be  much  more  common  by  2020  

Ê  TIS-­‐B  Traffic  


Ê  Copy  of  all  Mode  A  /  Mode  C  traffic  visible  to  ATC  

Ê  ADS-­‐R  Traffic  –  “Rebroadcast”  


Ê  Traffic  from  “the  other  system”    
Ê  UAT  à  1090-­‐ES    
Ê  1090-­‐ES  à  UAT  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  
ADS-­‐B  Traffic  

Ê  Advisory  ONLY  

Ê  Does  not  display  traffic  not  visible  to  ATC  radar  
Ê  Below  the  radar  horizon  
Ê  Not  equipped  with  Mode  C  

Ê  TIS-­‐B  and  ADS-­‐R  (tower  services)  are  NOT  broadcast  unless  
triggered  by  an  aircraft  with  ADS-­‐B  Out  
Ê  Broadcast  is  customized  for  “client”  aircraft  
Ê  Broadcast  only  includes  targets  in  a  small  “puck”  
Ê  May  change  in  the  near  future  
ADS-­‐B  101  –  ADS-­‐B  In  

The  ADS-­‐B  Traffic  Puck  


ADS-­‐B  101  -­‐  Coverage  

5000  

3000  

1500  

500  
ADS-­‐B  Options  

Option  1:  Avoid  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  Locate  your  aircraft  outside  of  airspace  where  ADS-­‐B  is  
required.  

Ê  Do  not  fly  to  /  through  any  ADS-­‐B  airspace  except  with  prior  
permission  of  the  controlling  authority.  

Ê  You  can  still  fly  both  VFR  and  IFR  if  you  stay  outside  of  
airspace  requiring  ADS-­‐B.  

Ê  Expect  a  lower  resale  value.  


ADS-­‐B  Options  

Option  2:  Equip  With  UAT  

Ê  Typically  less  expensive  than  1090-­‐ES  

Ê  Several  “all-­‐in-­‐one”  systems  that  include  a  position  source  

Ê  Transmitter  (“Out”  only)  and  Transceiver  (“Out”  +  “In”)  


options  available.  
Ê  FreeFlight  RANGR,  RANGR  Lite  -­‐  $2000+  
Ê  NavWorks  ADS600  -­‐  $2000+  cert.  /  $1200  E-­‐AB  +  LSA  
Ê  Garmin  GDL-­‐88  -­‐  $4000  
ADS-­‐B  Options  
Option  3:  Equip  With  1090-­‐ES  
Ê  Cheapest  option  if  you  already  have  WAAS  position  source  and  /  or  
a  Mode  S  transponder.  
Ê  Several  “all-­‐in-­‐one”  systems  that  include  a  position  source  

Ê  Transmitter  (“Out”  only)  and  Transceiver  (“Out”  +  “In”)  options  


available.  
Ê  Garmin  GTX335  -­‐    $3000  ($3700  w/  WAAS  GPS)  
Ê  Garmin  GTX330  w/  ES  -­‐  $4000  (requires  separate  position  source)  
Ê  Garmin  GTX345  -­‐  $5k  ($5800  w/  WAAS  GPS)  
Ê  Appareo  Stratus  ESG  -­‐  $3k  -­‐  $3500  
Ê  Trig  TT  21/22/31  -­‐  $2000  +  (requires  separate  position  source)  
ADS-­‐B  Options  

Option  4:  Integrated  Flight  Deck  (G1000,  Perspective,  etc.)  

Ê  Generally  must  be  blessed  by  your  vendor  

Ê  Garmin  and  Avidyne  both  offer  solutions  

Ê  Both  of  them  tend  to  be  pricy  since  they  can  be  
ADS-­‐B  Options  

Option  5:  Experimental  /  LSA  

Ê  Low  cost  solutions  available  from  E-­‐AB  /  LSA  vendors  

Ê  Dynon  has  a  2020  compliant  position  source  for  $500  

Ê  More  options  likely  between  now  and  2020  


ADS-­‐B  Timeline  
Ê  You  must  be  equipped  by  January  1,  2020  to  fly  in  ADS-­‐B  airspace.  
Ê  This  could  change,  but  don’t  hold  your  breath.  The  FAA  is  under  a  
lot  of  pressure  to  make  NextGen  a  reality  

Ê  You  probably  want  to  equip  sooner  rather  than  later  as  there  are  
only  so  many  avionics  shops  that  can  do  the  work.  

Ê  Plan  on  $1k+  for  installation,  depending  on  complexity  

Ê  Plan  on  1  –  2  weeks  of  down-­‐time  

Ê  Your  A&P  can  do  the  installation  but  probably  not  the  certification  /  
paperwork.  That  requires  specialized  equipment  /  skills.  
Stratux  –  Open  Source  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  Open  source  project  to  create  an  ADS-­‐B  In  system  

Ê  Project  started  and  managed  by  Christopher    Young  

Ê  Free  software  built  by  a  community  of  developer  /  pilots  

Ê  Constantly  being  updated  to  enhance  capabilities  and  add  


new  features  

Ê  Can  be  built  for  as  little  as  $100  using  COTS  parts  

Ê  Does  In  only,  not  Out  –  too  many  regulatory  hurdles  
Stratux  –  Open  Source  ADS-­‐B  

Hardware  

Ê  Raspberry  Pi  

Ê  RTL-­‐SDR  Radios  

Ê  Wifi  Module  

Ê  GPS  (optional)  

Ê  Antenna(s)  

Ê  Power  supply  /  battery  


Stratux  –  Open  Source  ADS-­‐B  
Software  Features  

Ê  Single  or  Dual  Band  ADS-­‐B  In  

Ê  GPS  

Ê  AHRS  (work  in  progress)  

Ê  Compatible  with  most  popular  EFB  applications  

Ê  Comparable  to  current  portable  systems  from  Sporty’s,  Dual,  iLevil,  
etc.  

Ê  Free  
Stratux  –  Open  Source  ADS-­‐B  

Learn  More  

Ê  http://stratux.me  -­‐  Main  website  

Ê  https://www.reddit.com/r/stratux  -­‐  Community  forum  

Ê  https://github.com/cyoung/stratux  -­‐  Software  dev  site  

Ê  http://www.thingiverse.com/search/page:1?q=Stratux  
Ê  3D  Printable  Cases  
FlightBox  ADS-­‐B  

A  Quick  Build  Kit  For  Stratux  

Ê  From  Open  Flight  Solutions  

Ê  Software  is  pre-­‐loaded  on  the  data  card  

Ê  Pre-­‐configured  radio  modules  

Ê  All  required  parts  in  one  kit  

Ê  Professionally  manufactured  case  with  cooling  

Ê  Launched  on  Kickstarter  -­‐  $77,369  /  344  Backers  In  30  Days  

 
FlightBox  ADS-­‐B  

Ê  Single  Band  System:  $200  (UAT  Only)  

Ê  Dual  Band  System:  $250  (UAT  +  1090-­‐ES)  

Ê  Case  Only:  $40  /  Fan:  $6  

Ê  Future  Upgrades  


Ê  AHRS  (Attitude  Sensor)  
Ê  ADC  (Air  Data  Computer  –  Experimental  Only)  
Ê  Carbon  Monoxide  Sensor  
Ê  Cabin  Altitude  Sensor  
FlightBox  ADS-­‐B  

Learn  More  or  Order  At:  

https://www.openflightsolutions.com  

 
Live  Demo:  
Assembling  A  FlightBox  
Questions?  

Open  Flight  Solutions  


https://www.openflightsolutions.com  

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