Ejercicios de Cálculo Hoja 1 - Álgebra Lineal: Resolución de Ecuaciones

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Ejercicios de Cálculo

Hoja 1 - Álgebra lineal: Resolución


de ecuaciones
Ejercicio 1. Resuelve los siguientes sistemas de ecuaciones:

 −4x 1 − 2x 2 = 12

 −4x 1 − 5x 2 = −12 Sol: x 1 = −7, x 2 = 8.
1) 

 2x 1 − 5x 2 = −2

 −x 1 − x 2 = 8 Sol: x 1 = −6, x 2 = −2.
2) 

 3x 1 − 2x 2 = 0
 3x 1 − x 2 = 3 Sol: x 1 = 2, x 2 = 3.

3) 

 5x 1 − 3x 2 = −11

 x 1 + x 2 = −15 Sol: x 1 = −7, x 2 = −8.
4) 

 5x 1 − 3x 2 = 5

 −5x 1 + 2x 2 = −10 Sol: x 1 = 4, x 2 = 5.
5) 

 −5x 1 − 3x 2 = 13

 x 1 + 2x 2 = 10 Sol: x 1 = −8, x 2 = 9.
6) 

 2x 1 + 4x 2 = −2

 −x 1 + x 2 = −5 Sol: x 1 = 3, x 2 = −2.
7) 

 −2x 1 + 3x 2 = −1

 2x 1 − 2x 2 = 4 Sol: x 1 = 5, x 2 = 3.
8) 

 3x 1 − 5x 2 = −4

 3x 1 − 5x 2 = −4 Sol: x 1 = −8, x 2 = −4.
9) 

1
 −x 1 − x 2 = 9

10)  −x 1 + 4x 2 = 4 Sol: x 1 = −8, x 2 = −1.


 5x 1 + 4x 2 + 3x 3 = 2

1 + 2x 2 + 5x 3 = −1 Sol: x 1 = 3, x 2 = −7, x 3 = 5.

11) 
 −4x
−2x 1 − x 2 = 1




 2x 2 − x 3 = 10

12)  4x 1 + 3x 2 + x 3 = −1 Sol: x 1 = −4, x 2 = 5, x 3 = 0.


−x 1 − 5x 3 = 4




 −2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = −7

−3x 1 + 5x 2 − 4x 3 = 9 Sol: x 1 = 0, x 2 = 5, x 3 = 4.

13) 

 −5x 1 − 4x 2 + 3x 3 = −8


 x 1 − 4x 2 + 5x 3 = −2

14)  −x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 17 Sol: x 1 = −10, x 2 = 3, x 3 = 4.


x 1 + 4x 3 = 6




 x 1 + x 2 = 16

+ 2 + 4x 3 = −26 Sol: x 1 = 10, x 2 = 6, x 3 = −9.

15) 
 −2x 1 5x
 −5x 1 + 3x 2 − 3x 3 = −5


 x 2 + 2x 3 = 12

16)  x 1 + x 2 − 2x 3 = −5 Sol: x 1 = −5, x 2 = 6, x 3 = 3.


 −x 1 − x 2 + x 3 = 2

2x − 2x 2 + 2x 3 = 10
 1


−2x 1 + 2x 3 = −2 Sol: x 1 = 8, x 2 = 10, x 3 = 7.

17) 

2x 1 − 4x 3 = −12




 −3x 1 + 5x 2 + x 3 = −4

18)  x 1 − 5x 2 − 3x 3 = 6 Sol: x 1 = −3, x 2 = −3, x 3 = 2.


 5x 1 − 5x 2 − 2x 3 = −4

2

 −x 1 + 4x 2 = −5

2x 1 + 4x 2 − 3x 3 = −11 Sol: x 1 = −7, x 2 = −3, x 3 = −5.

19) 

4x 1 − 3x 3 = −13




 −2x 1 − 4x 2 + x 3 = 22

20)  −4x 1 + 3x 2 − 3x 3 = −5 Sol: x 1 = 2, x 2 = −9, x 3 = −10.


−x 1 − 2x 2 = 16




 −x 1 − 3x 2 + x 3 = 16

2x 1 − 5x 2 + 4x 3 = −4 Sol: x 1 = −2, x 2 = −8, x 3 = −10.

21) 

−3x 1 + x 2 = −2




 4x 1 − 3x 3 = −11

3x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 + 5x 4 = −8



Sol: x 1 = 4, x 2 = 7, x 3 = 9, x 4 = −3.

22) 



 −5x 1 + 5x 3 + 2x 4 = 19
 2x 1 + 4x 2 − 3x 3 − 5x 4 = 24


 3x 1 + 3x 2 − 5x 3 − x 4 = −7

2x 1 − 4x 3 = −4



Sol: x 1 = 4, x 2 = −3, x 3 = 3, x 4 = −5.

23) 



 5x 1 + x 3 + 3x 4 = 8
 −4x 1 − 4x 2 − 5x 3 − 3x 4 = −4


 5x 1 + x 2 − 5x 3 − 3x 4 = 3

x + 3x 2 − 3x 3 − 2x 4 = −11


 1

Sol: x 1 = 7, x 2 = 1, x 3 = 3, x 4 = 6.

24) 


 −2x 1 + 4x 2 + 4x 3 + x 4 = 8
1 − 2x 2 + x 3 + 4x 4 = 11

−2x



 5x 1 − 2x 2 + 2x 3 + 3x 4 = −2

−2x 1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 − 5x 4 − 3x 5 = 20






25)  5x 1 − 4x 2 + x 3 + 3x 4 + 2x 5

= −9 Sol: x 1 = 7, x 2 = 4, x 3 = −1, x 4 = −9, x 5 = 0.

=0

−4x 1 − x 2 − 5x 3 − 3x 4





1 + 5x 2 + x 3 − x 4 + 2x 5 =7

−3x

3

 −3x 3 + 5x 4 + 4x 5 = 8

4x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 − 3x 4 − x 5 = −29






4x 1 + x 3 − 3x 4 − 5x 5 = −5 Sol: x 1 = 0, x 2 = 6, x 3 = 10, x 4 = 10, x 5 = −3.

26) 

3x 1 + 4x 2 − 3x 3 + x 4 + 2x 5 = −2






−4x 1 + x 2 + x 4 = 16




 5x 1 − x 3 + 2x 4 + 3x 5 − 2x 6 = −15
−4x 1 + 3x 2 − x 3 + 3x 4 + x 5 + 3x 6 =7







 −2x 1 − 5x 2 − 3x 3 + x 4 + 3x 5 − 4x 6 = 20



27)  Sol: x 1 = 0, x 2 = −5, x 3 = −10, x 4 = 4, x 5



 −x 1 + 3x 2 − 2x 3 − 3x 4 − 4x 5 − 4x 6 = 17
−2x 2 − 3x 3 + x 4 + 5x 5 − 4x 6 = −13






 2x 1 − 4x 2 + 4x 3 − x 4 − 2x 5 + 3x 6 =3

Ejercicio 2. Halla todas las soluciones a las siguientes ecuaciones:


 −4x 1 − 3x 3 = 11
1) −2x 1 + 2x 2 = 2

2) 
 x1 − x2 + x3 = 8

 −x 1 + x 2 − 2x 3 = 4
 
 −4x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = 2
 −5x 1 + 2x 2 − 5x 3 = 10 4)
3)  
 −x 1 + x 2 − 3x 3 = 11
 
−5x 1 + x 3 = 11
 −2x 1 + 5x 2 − x 3 = −5
 


5)  6)  −3x 1 + 3x 2 + 2x 3 + 4x 4 = −4

 5x 2 − 2x 3 = −3 
−3x 1 − x 3 − 5x 4 = −4


 

Ejercicio 3. De todas estas ecuaciones, algunas son compatibles de-


terminadas, otras indeterminadas y otras incompatibles. Determina el tipo
de cada una de ellas, y en el caso de que se pueda hallar la o las soluciones,
hazlo.
 3x 1 − 3x 2 = −6

1) 
 −2x 1 + 3x 2 = −1

4
 −x 1 + 3x 2 = 6

2) 
 −x 1 + 2x 2 = 1

 −x 1 + x 2 = 6

3) 
 2x 1 − x 2 = −6

 −x 1 − 3x 2 = 7

4) 
 x 1 + 4x 2 = −7

 x 1 − 2x 2 = 6

5) 
 x 1 − 3x 2 = 5


 −2x 1 − 2x 2 − x 3 = −8

−x 1 + x 2 + x 3 = 8

6) 

2x 1 + 2x 2 = 8




 3x 1 + 4x 2 − 3x 3 = −5

7)  −2x 1 − 4x 2 + 5x 3 = 17


 x 1 + 5x 2 − 2x 3 = 26


 −3x 2 − 3x 3 = −3

x 1 + 4x 2 − 4x 3 = 2

8) 

 −x 1 − 4x 2 − x 3 = −7


 2x 1 − 4x 2 + 5x 3 = −6

9)  −4x 1 + 5x 2 + 3x 3 = −3


 2x 1 − 3x 2 − 3x 3 = −1


 −x 1 − 3x 2 = −8

10)  −x 1 + 3x 2 − 4x 3 = −8


−x 1 + x 3 = −8




 −3x 1 + 5x 2 − 4x 3 = 13

11)  −2x 1 − 2x 2 + x 3 = 8


 −2x 1 + 3x 2 − 5x 3 = −17

5

 3x 1 + x 2 + x 3 − 4x 4 = −12

3x 1 − 3x 3 + 5x 4 = −15




12) 



 −3x 1 − 3x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = −14
x 1 + 4x 4 = −20




 −5x 1 − 2x 2 + 5x 3 = 14

2x 1 + 5x 2 − 4x 3 = 19

13) 

 2x 1 − x 2 − 4x 3 = 1


 5x 1 − 5x 2 + x 3 + 4x 4 = −4

 5x 1 + 2x 2 − 5x 3 + 4x 4 = 4



14) 



 −2x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 + 3x 4 = −2
 −5x 1 − x 2 + 2x 3 − 4x 4 = 10


 2x 1 − 5x 2 + x 3 + 2x 4 = −1

3x 1 − 2x 2 − x 3 = 8




15) 



 5x 1 − 5x 2 − x 3 + 3x 4 = 0
5x 2 + 4x 3 − 2x 4 = 5




 3x 1 + 3x 3 + 4x 4 = −9

= −11

 −4x 1 − 2x 2 − 4x 3 − 5x 4


16) 



 −4x 1 − 2x 2 − 4x 3 − 3x 4 = −29
 3x 1 + x 2 + 2x 3 + 3x 4 = 11


 3x 1 − 3x 2 + 5x 3 = 16

1 + x 2 − 2x 3 − x 4 =8



 2x
17) 



 2x 2 − 3x 3 − x 4 =1
 −4x 1 + 2x 2 − 2x 3 − x 4 = −4

6
Ejercicio 4. Discuta los siguientes sistemas:


 3x 1 − x 2 + 2x 3 = −10

1 + ax 2 + 4x 3 = 10

1) 
 2x
 2x 1 − 2x 2 + 3x 3 = 2

 −x 1 − x 2 = −2

2) 
 −2x 1 + ax 2 = −1

 2x 1 − x 2 = −11

3) 
 x 1 − 3x 2 = a

 −3x 1 + 4x 2 = a

4) 
 −2x 1 + 3x 2 = 1


 3x 1 − 4x 2 + 5x 3 = 8

5)  −x 1 + 3x 2 − 3x 3 = 1


 −x 1 + 4x 2 − 3x 3 = a


 −2x 1 − 3x 2 + 4x 3 = −19

6)  4x 1 + 2x 2 + ax 3 = −4


 −3x 1 − 3x 2 + 2x 3 = −7


 x 1 − 2x 3 = 2

+ 2 − 2x 3 = 4

7) 
 3x 1 3x
−5x 2 − 3x 3 = a


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