INDEX

S. Name of Program Date Page Sign

No.
No.
1 Write a C++ program to display one 3
dimensional array and add all of its elements.
2 Write a C++ program to display 2-D array and 6
add all diagonal elements of that matrix.
3 Write a C++ program to create a calculator 10
using switch case.
4 Write a C++ program to implement both 14
implicit and explicit type casting.
5 Write a C++ program to read more than one 16
student details and display them using array of
objects.
6 Write a C++ program to read , more than one 20
student details and display them using
structures.
7 Write a C++ program to read time in seconds 25
and convert it into hr:min:sec using class
8 Write a C++ program to check whether the 27
given number is prime or not using constructors.
9 Write a C++ program to swap two numbers 30
without using third variable with class.
10 Write a C++ program to multiply finite numbers 32
using the concept of default arguments.
11 Write a cpp program to calculate the area of 34
triangle, rectangle and square using function
overloading
12 Write a cpp program to display the various 37
values of same variables declared at different
scope levels
13 Write a Cpp program to find area and perimeter 39
of a circle using inline functions
14 Write a cpp program to allocate memory for a 41
single dimensional array and read the elements
from the keyboard and display all the elements
and after use delete array using new and delete
operators
15 Write a cpp program to display the student 43
details like name, rollno, branch using
constructor overloading
16 Write a C++ program to create copy constructor 46
and show the difference between normal
constructor and copy constructor.
17 Write a C++ program to display employee name 49
and employee id with the use of this pointer.

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18 Write a C++ program containing a friend 52
function which swaps the private data values of
two objects of two different classes.
19 Write a C++ program to implement single level 55
inheritance(constructor).
20 Write a C++ program to implement multilevel 58
inheritance(constructor).
21 Write a C++ program to display the student 61
details (name, rollno, total marks, average)
using multiple inheritance (constructor).
22 Write a C++ program to demonstrate the 64
concept of hybrid inheritance that contains
virtual base class.
23 Write a C++ program to implement hierarchical 67
inheritance.
24 Write a C++ program to demonstrate method 69
overriding.
25 Write a C++ program to implement virtual 71
functions.
26 Write a C++ program to display the two 73
different employee salary in 2 subclasses with
each employee in each subclass using pure
virtual function.
27 Write a C++ program to overload the arithmetic 76
operator ‘+’ so that it can be used for
concatenation of two strings.
28 Write a C++ program to implement unary 79
operator overloading using member function.
29 Write a C++ program to implement unary 82
operator overloading using friend function.
30 Write a C++ program to add and subtract two 85
complex numbers using friend function which
overloads a binary operator.
31 Write a C++ program to handle the divide by 88
zero exception.
32 Write a C++ program to explain how to use 90
multiple catch blocks.
33 Write a C++ program to implement 93
“rethrowing an exception”.
34 Write a C++ program to perform read/write 95
operations on a file.
35 Write a C++ program to copy the contents of one 97
file into another.
36 Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of 100
member functions (tellg,seekg) to obtain the size
of a file.
37 Write a C++ program to count the number of 102
blank spaces present in a text file.

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1. Write a C++ program to display one dimensional array and add
all of its elements.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int arr[100];
int size,i,sum=0;
cout<<"ENTER SIZE OF ARRAY :"<<endl;
cin>> size;
cout<<"==========================================="<<e
ndl;
cout<<"ENTER ARRAY ELEMENTS :\n";
for(i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
cout<<"ENTER A VALUE :";
cin>>arr[i];
}
cout<<"\n***** ARRAY ELEMENTS ARE *****"<<endl;
for(i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
cout<<arr[i] <<endl;
cout<<"--------------"<<endl;
}
for(i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
sum=sum+arr[i];
}

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cout<<"\n***** SUM OF ARRAY ELEMENTS IS :"<< sum <<endl;
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
ENTER SIZE OF ARRAY :
5
===========================================
ENTER ARRAY ELEMENTS :
ENTER A VALUE :11
ENTER A VALUE :21
ENTER A VALUE :31
ENTER A VALUE :41
ENTER A VALUE :51

***** ARRAY ELEMENTS ARE *****

11
--------------

21
--------------
31
-------------
41
--------------
51
--------------

***** SUM OF ARRAY ELEMENTS IS :155

JNTUHCEH Page 5
2. Write a C++ program to display 2-D array and add all diagonal
elements of that matrix.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int rows,col,i,j,sum=0,sum1=0;
int arr[30][30];
cout<<"ENTER ROWS AND COLUMNS OF 2-D ARRAY:\n";
cin>>rows>>col;
cout<<"ENTER ELEMENTS OF THE ARRAY :\n";
for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
cout<<"ENTER A VALUE :";
cin>>arr[i][j];
}
}
cout<<"\nELEMENTS OF THE ARRAY : \n";
for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
cout<<arr[i][j];
cout<<"\n---------------\n";
}

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 }
cout<<"\n===========================\n";
if(rows == col)
{
for(i=0;i<rows;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<col;j++)
{
if(i==j)
{
sum=sum+arr[i][j];
}
}
}
cout<<"SUM OF PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL ELEMENTS IS :"<<sum;
cout<<"\n===========================\n";
for(i=0 ; i<rows ; i++)
{
for(j=0 ; j<col ; j++)
{
if(i+j==rows-1)
{
sum1=sum1+arr[i][j];
}
}
}
cout<<"SUM OF SECONDARY DIAGONAL ELEMENTS IS
:"<<sum1;

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 cout<<"\n===========================\n";
}
else
{
cout<<"\nTHE ARRAY IS NOT A SQUARE MATRIX";
}
return 0;}

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OUTPUT :
ENTER ROWS AND COLUMNS OF 2-D ARRAY:
3
3
ENTER ELEMENTS OF THE ARRAY :
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2
ENTER A VALUE :2

ELEMENTS OF THE ARRAY :

2
---------------
2
---------------
2
--------------
2
---------------
2
---------------
2

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---------------
2
---------------
2
--------------
2
---------------

===========================
SUM OF PRINCIPAL DIAGONAL ELEMENTS IS : 6
===========================
SUM OF SECONDARY DIAGONAL ELEMENTS IS : 6
===========================

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3. Write a C++ program to create a calculator using switch case.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"*************CALCULATOR
OPERATIONS*******************\n";
int a,b;
cout<<"\nENTER TWO NUMBERS:\n";
cin>> a >> b;
cout<<"=========================================\n";
cout<<"\n ENTER YOUR CHOICE \n +.ADD \n -.SUBTRACT \n
*.PRODUCT \n /.DIVISION \n %.MODULO\n";
char ch;
cin>>ch;
cout<<"=========================================\n";
switch(ch)
{
case '+':cout<<"SUM OF "<< a <<" AND "<< b <<"IS :
"<<a+b<<endl;
break;
case '-':cout<<"DIFFERENCE OF "<< a <<" AND "<< b <<" IS : "<<
a-b <<endl;
break;
case '*':cout<<"PRODUCT OF "<< a <<" AND "<< b <<" IS : "<<
a*b <<endl;
break;
case '/':cout<<"DIVISION OF "<< a <<" AND "<< b <<" IS : "<<
a/b<<endl;

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 break;
case '%':cout<<"MODULO OF "<< a <<" AND "<< b <<" IS : "<<
a%b <<endl;
break;
default:printf("OOPS !!! \n YOUR CHOICE IS WRONG ");
}
printf("\n============================================\n
");
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
*************CALCULATOR OPERATIONS*******************

ENTER TWO NUMBERS:

10
20
=========================================

ENTER YOUR CHOICE

+.ADD
-.SUBTRACT
*.PRODUCT
/.DIVISION
%.MODULO
+
=========================================
SUM OF 10 AND 20 IS : 30

============================================

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4. Write a C++ program to implement both implicit and explicit
type casting.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout<<"** IMPLICIT TYPE CASTING **\n";
int x=10;
char y='a';
x=x+y;
float z=x+1.0;
cout<<"x ="<< x <<endl;
cout<<"y ="<< y <<endl;
cout<<"z ="<< z <<endl;
cout<<endl<<"============================="<<endl;

cout<<"** EXPLICIT TYPE CASTING **\n";

double num=1.2;
int sum=(int)num+1;
cout<<"SUM IS :"<< sum;
cout<<endl<<"============================="<<endl;
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
** IMPLICIT TYPE CASTING **
x =107
y =a
z =108

=============================
** EXPLICIT TYPE CASTING **
SUM IS :2
=============================

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5. Write a C++ program to read more than one student details and
display them using array of objects.
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class student
{
string name;
int age;
string rollno;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"ENTER STUDENT NAME :"<<endl;
cin>> name;
cout<<"ENTER STUDENT AGE :"<<endl;
cin>> age;
cout<<"ENTER STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :"<<endl;
cin>>rollno;
}
void putdata()
{
cout<<"STUDENT NAME :"<< name <<endl;
cout<<"STUDENT AGE :"<<age<<endl;
cout<<"STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :"<<rollno<<endl;
}

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};
int main()
{
student s[10];
int size;
cout<<"ENTER NUMBER OF STUDENTS :"<<endl;
cin>> size;
for(int i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
cout<<"FOR STUDENT :"<< i+1 <<endl;
s[i].getdata();
cout<<"\n==============================="<<endl<<endl;
}
for(int i=0 ; i<size ; i++)
{
cout<<"FOR STUDENT :"<< i+1 <<endl;
s[i].putdata();
cout<<"\n==============================="<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
ENTER NUMBER OF STUDENTS :
3
FOR STUDENT : 1
ENTER STUDENT NAME :
Sairam
ENTER STUDENT AGE :
17
ENTER STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :
08

===============================

FOR STUDENT : 2
ENTER STUDENT NAME :
sravan
ENTER STUDENT AGE :
18
ENTER STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :
18

===============================

FOR STUDENT : 3
ENTER STUDENT NAME :
k.p
ENTER STUDENT AGE :

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19
ENTER STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :
15
===============================
FOR STUDENT : 1
STUDENT NAME :sairam
STUDENT AGE :17
STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :08

===============================
FOR STUDENT : 2
STUDENT NAME :sravan
STUDENT AGE :18
STUDENT ROLL NUMBER : 18

===============================
FOR STUDENT : 3
STUDENT NAME :k.p
STUDENT AGE :19
STUDENT ROLL NUMBER :15

===============================

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6. Write a C++ program to read , more than one student details
and display them using structures.
#include<iostream>
#define MAX 3 // max is macro that can be changed according to the required
no.of students
using namespace std;
struct student{
char sname[30],dept[10];
int sroll,syear;
float cgpa;
}s[MAX];

int main(){
int i;
cout<<"STUDENT DETAILS"<<endl;
cout<<"==============="<<endl;
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++){
cout<<"Enter details of student "<<i+1<<endl;
cout<<"Enter name"<<endl;
cin>>s[i].sname;
cout<<"Enter roll no."<<endl;
cin>>s[i].sroll;
cout<<"Enter dept"<<endl;
cin>>s[i].dept;
cout<<"Enter year"<<endl;
cin>>s[i].syear;
cout<<"Enter CGPA"<<endl;
cin>>s[i].cgpa;

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 }
for(i=0;i<MAX;i++){
cout<<"Details of studenT"<<i+1<<endl;
cout<<"Name : "<<s[i].sname<<endl;
cout<<"Roll no.: "<<s[i].sroll<<endl;
cout<<"Dept : "<<s[i].dept<<endl;
cout<<"Year : "<<s[i].syear<<endl;
cout<<"CGPA : "<<s[i].cgpa<<endl;
}
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
STUDENT DETAILS
===============
Enter details of student 1
Enter name
Sairam
Enter roll no.
508
Enter dept
CSE
Enter year
2018
Enter CGPA
9.5
Enter details of student 2
Enter name
VENKAT
Enter roll no.
506
Enter dept
CSE
Enter year
3
Enter CGPA
9.1
Enter details of student 3
Enter name

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SID
Enter roll no.
520
Enter dept
ECE
Enter year
2
Enter CGPA
9.1
Details of student1
Name : KP
Roll no.: 515
Dept : CSE
Year : 2
CGPA : 9.5
===========
Details of student2
Name : VENKAT
Roll no.: 506
Dept : CSE
Year : 3
CGPA : 9.1
==========
Details of student3
Name : SID
Roll no.: 521
Dept : ECE

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Year : 2
CGPA : 9.1

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7. Write a C++ program to read time in seconds and convert it into
hr:min:sec using class
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class time{
public:
int hr,minute,sec;
void displayTime(){
cout<<"time in HH:MM:SS"<<endl;
cout<<hr<<":"<<minute<<":"<<sec;}
};
int main()
{ long input;
time t;
cout<<"Enter seconds"<<endl;
cin>>input;
t.hr=input/3600;
input=input%3600;
t.minute=input/60;
input=input%60;
t.sec=input;
t.displayTime();
return 0;

JNTUHCEH Page 25
OUTPUT:
Enter seconds
3722
time in HH:MM:SS
1:2:2

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8. Write a C++ program to check whether the given number is
prime or not using constructors.
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class Prime {
int a, k, i;
public:
Prime(int x) {
a = x;
k = 1;
{
for (i = 2; i<= a / 2; i++)
if (a % i == 0) {
k = 0;
break;
} else {
k = 1;
}
}
}

void show() {
if (k == 1)
cout<< a << " is Prime Number.";
else
cout<< a << " is Not Prime Numbers.";

JNTUHCEH Page 27
 }
};
int main() {
int a;
cout<< "Simple Parameterized Constructor For Prime Number Example
Program In C++\n";
cout<< "\nEnter the Number:";
cin>>a;
Prime obj(a);
obj.show();
getch();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 28
OUTPUT:
Simple Parameterized Constructor For Prime Number Example Program In C++
Enter the Number:5
5 is Prime Number.

JNTUHCEH Page 29
9. Write a C++ program to swap two numbers without using third
variable with class.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class swapping{ //swap is pre defined function in cpp hence swapping is
used
public:
int a,b;
void swapMethod(){
cout<<"Before swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;
a=a+b;
b=a-b;
a=a-b;
cout<<"After swap a= "<<a<<" b= "<<b<<endl;
}
};

int main(){
swapping s;
cout<<"Enter a, b"<<endl;
cin>>s.a>>s.b;
s.swapMethod();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 30
OUTPUT:
Enter a, b
15
10
Before swap a= 15 b= 10
After swap a= 10 b= 15

JNTUHCEH Page 31
10. Write a C++ program to multiply finite numbers using the
concept of default arguments.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int multiply(int x, int y=1, int z=1, int w=1)
{
return (x * y * z * w);
}
int main()
{ int a,b,c,d;
cout<<"Enter a,b,c,d"<<endl;
cin>>a>>b>>c>>d;
cout<<"Multiplication of a,b is "<< multiply(a, b) <<endl;
cout<<"Multiplication of a,b,c is "<<multiply(a, b, c) <<endl;
cout<< "Multiplication of a,b,c is "<<multiply(a, b, c, d) <<endl;
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 32
OUTPUT:
Enter a,b,c,d
10
20
30
40
Multiplication of a,b is 200
Multiplication of a,b,c is 600
Multiplication of a,b,c,d is 2400

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11. Write a cpp program to calculate the area of triangle, rectangle
and square using function overloading
#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
float area(int s) {
return s*s; //area of sqare of side s
}
float area(intx,inty,int z) {
int p = (x+y+z)/2;
intsquareOfArea = p*(p-x)*(p-y)*(p-z);
int area = sqrt(squareOfArea);
return area; //area of triangle of 3 sides x,y,z
}
float area(intl,int b) {
return l*b; //area of rectangle of length l and breadth b
}
int main()
{ ints,l,breadth,x,y,z;
cout<<"enter three sides of a triangle"<<endl;
cin>>x>>y>>z;
cout<<endl<<"enter length and breadth of a rectange"<<endl;
cin>>l>>breadth;
cout<<endl<<"enter side of a sqare"<<endl;
cin>>s;
cout<<"the area of triangle of sides "<<x<<" "<<y<<" "<<z<<" is
"<<area(x,y,z)<<endl;

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cout<<"the area of rectangle of length "<<l<<" and breadth "<<breadth<<" is
"<<area(l,breadth)<<endl;
cout<<"the area of sqare of side "<<s<<"is "<<area(s)<<endl;
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 35
OUTPUT:
enter three sides of a triangle
6 8 10
enter length and breadth of a rectangle
24
enter side of a square
16
the area of triangle of sides 6 8 10 is 240
the area of rectangle of length and breadth 1is 2
the area of square of side 16 is 256

JNTUHCEH Page 36
12. Write a cpp program to display the various values of same variables
declared at different scope levels
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
intnum = 10;
class Demo{
public:
staticconstintnum = 40;
};
int main()
{ intnum = 50;
cout<<"global num: "<<::num<<endl;
cout<<"num in main: "<<num<<endl;
cout<<"num in class Demo: "<<Demo::num;

return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 37
OUTPUT:
globalnum: 10
num in main: 50
num in class Demo: 40

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13. Write a Cpp program to find area and perimeter of a circle
using inline functions
#include <iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
intnum = 100;
class Demo{
public:
staticconstintnum = 4;
};
inline double area(int r) {
return M_PI*r*r;
}
inline double perimeter(int r) {
return M_PI*r*2;
}
int main()
{ int r;
cout<<"enter radius of circle"<<endl;
cin>>r;
cout<<"the area of circle of radius "<<r<<" is "<<area(r)<<endl;
cout<<"the perimeter of circle of radius "<<r<<" is "<<perimeter(r);
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 39
OUTPUT:
enter radius of circle
6
thearea of circle of radius 6 is 113.097
the perimeter of circle of radius 6 is 37.6991

JNTUHCEH Page 40
14. Write a cpp program to allocate memory for a single
dimensional array and read the elements from the keyboard and
display all the elements and after use delete array using new and
delete operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{ int n;
cout<<"enter size of array";
cin>>n;
int *p = new int[n];
for(int i = 0;i<n; i++) {
cout<<"enter element"<<endl;
cin>>p[i];
}
cout<<"array "<<endl;
for(int i=0; i<n;i++) {
cout<<p[i]<<"\t";
}
delete[]p;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 41
OUTPUT:
enter size of array
3
enter element
10
enter element
20
enter element
30
array
10 20 30

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15. Write a cpp program to display the student details like
name,rollno,branch using constructor overloading
#include <iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class Student{
string name;
string roll;
string branch;
int age;
public:
Student();
Student(string,string,string,int);
void display();
};
Student::Student(){
cout<<"inside no argumented constructor"<<endl;
cout<<"enter name"<<endl;
cin>>name;
cout<<"enter roll"<<endl;
cin>>roll;
cout<<"enter branch"<<endl;
cin>>branch;
cout<<"enter age"<<endl;
cin>>age;}
Student::Student(string name,stringroll,stringbranch,int age){
cout<<"inside argumented constructor"<<endl;

JNTUHCEH Page 43
this->name = name;
this->roll = roll;
this->branch = branch;
this->age = age;
}
void Student::display() {
cout<<"Student Info"<<endl;
cout<<"name "<<name<<endl
<<"roll "<<roll<<endl
<<"branch "<<branch<<endl
<<"age "<<age<<endl;
}
int main()
{ int age;
stringname,roll,branch;
cout<<"enter name, roll, branch, and age of student1(for constructing object
using argumented constructor)";
cin>>name>>roll>>branch>>age;
Student s1(name,roll,branch,age);
s1.display();
Student s2;
s2.display();
}

JNTUHCEH Page 44
OUTPUT:
enter name, roll, branch, and age of student1(for constructing object using
argumented constructor)
Sairam
08
Cse
18
insideargumented constructor
Student Info
name sairam
roll 08
branch cse
age 18
insideno-argumented constructor
enter name
preethi
enter roll
41
enter branch
civil
enter age
18
Student Info
Name preethi
roll 41
branch cse
age 18

JNTUHCEH Page 45
16. Write a C++ program to create copy constructor and show the
difference between normal constructor and copy constructor.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Sample
{
int n1,n2;
public:
Sample()//default (normal) constructor
{
n1=10;
n2=20;
}
Sample(int a,int b)//parameterized (normal) constructor
{
n1=a;
n2=b;
}
Sample(Sample &S1)//copy constructor
{
n1=S1.n1;
n2=S1.n2;
}
void display();
};
void Sample :: display()
{

JNTUHCEH Page 46
 cout<<"n1="<<n1<<endl;
cout<<"n2="<<n2<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Sample S1;//default constructor is called
cout<<"FOR OBJECT S1 :"<<endl;
S1.display();
cout<<"--------------------------\n";
Sample S2(1,2);//parameterized constructor is called
cout<<"FOR OBJECT S2 :"<<endl;
S2.display();
cout<<"--------------------------\n";
Sample S3(S2);//copy constructor is called
cout<<"FOR OBJECT S3 :"<<endl;
S3.display();
cout<<"--------------------------\n";
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 47
OUTPUT:
FOR OBJECT S1:
n1=10
n2=20
-----------------------
FOR OBJECT S2:
n1=1
n2=2
-----------------------
FOR OBJECT S3:
n1=1
n2=2
-----------------------

JNTUHCEH Page 48
17. Write a C++ program to display employee name and employee
id with the use of this pointer.
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Employee
{
string emp_name;
string emp_ID;
public:
void input(string &emp_name,string &emp_ID)
{
this->emp_name=emp_name;
this->emp_ID=emp_ID;
}
void show_data();
};
void Employee :: show_data()
{
cout<<"\n\nEMPLOYEE DETAILS\n-----------------------\n";
cout<<"EMPLOYEE NAME :"<<emp_name<<endl;
cout<<"EMPLOYEE ID :"<<emp_ID<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Employee E1;
cout<<"ENTER NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE:";

JNTUHCEH Page 49
 string name;
cin>>name;
cout<<"ENTER EMPLOYEE ID:";
string ID;
cin>>ID;
E1.input(name,ID);
E1.show_data();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 50
OUTPUT:
ENTER NAME OF THE EMPLOYEE : Preethi
ENTER EMPLOYEE ID : 41

EMPLOYEE DETAILS
--------------------------
EMPLOYEE NAME : Preethi
EMPLOYEE ID : 41

JNTUHCEH Page 51
18. Write a C++ program containing a friend function which swaps
the private data values of two objects of two different classes.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Two; //Forward Declaration
class One
{
int x;
public:
One(int a)
{
x=a;
}
friend void swap(One ,Two);
};
class Two
{
int y;
public:
Two(int b)
{
y=b;
}
friend void swap(One ,Two);
};
void swap(One O1,Two T1)
{

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 cout<<"BEFORE SWAP :\n";
cout<<"------------\n";
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS One : x="<<O1.x<<endl;
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS Two : y="<<T1.y<<endl;
cout<<"----------------------------------\n";
int temp;
temp=O1.x;
O1.x=T1.y;
T1.y=temp;
cout<<"AFTER SWAP \n";
cout<<"------------\n";
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS One : x="<<O1.x<<endl;
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS Two : y="<<T1.y<<endl;
cout<<"----------------------------------\n";

}
int main()
{
One obj1(1);
Two obj2(2);
swap(obj1,obj2);
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 53
OUTPUT:
BEFORE SWAP :
--------------------
VALUE IN CLASS One : x= 1
VALUE IN CLASS Two : y=2
-----------------------------------------
AFTER SWAP :
--------------------
VALUE IN CLASS One : x= 2
VALUE IN CLASS Two : y=1
-----------------------------------------

JNTUHCEH Page 54
19. Write a C++ program to implement single level
inheritance(constructor).
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Parent
{
protected:
int x;
public:
Parent(int a)
{
x=a;
}
};
class Child:public Parent
{
int y;
public:
Child(int a,int b): Parent(a)
{
y=b;
}
void sum();
};
void Child::sum()
{
cout<<"VALUE IN PARENT CLASS :x="<<x<<endl;

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 cout<<"VALUE IN CHILD CLASS :y="<<y<<endl;
cout<<"SUM OF VALUES ="<<(x+y)<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Child C(100,200);
C.sum();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 56
OUTPUT:
VALUE IN PARENT CLASS : x=100
VALUE IN CHILD CLASS : y=200
SUM OF VALUES = 300

JNTUHCEH Page 57
20. Write a C++ program to implement multilevel
inheritance(constructor).
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class One
{
protected:
int x;
public:
One(int a)
{
x=a;
}
};
class Two
{
protected:
int y;
public:
Two(int b)
{
y=b;
}
};
class Three:public One,public Two
{
int z;

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public:
Three(int a,int b,int c): One(a),Two(b)
{
z=c;
}
void sum();
};
void Three::sum()
{
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS One :x="<<x<<endl;
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS Two :y="<<y<<endl;
cout<<"VALUE IN CLASS Three:z="<<z<<endl;
cout<<"SUM OF VALUES ="<<(x+y+z)<<endl;
}
int main()
{
Three T(11,21,31);
T.sum();
return 0;
}

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OUTPUT:
VALUE IN CLASS One : x=11
VALUE IN CLASS Two : y=21
VALUE IN CLASS Three : z=31
SUM OF VALUES=63

JNTUHCEH Page 60
21. Write a C++ program to display the student details (name,
rollno, total marks, average) using multiple inheritance
(constructor).

#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;

class student {
protected:
int rno, m1, m2;
public:

void get() {
cout << "Enter the Roll no :";
cin>>rno;
cout << "Enter the two marks :";
cin >> m1>>m2;
}
};

class sports {
protected:
int sm; // sm = Sports mark
public:

void getsm() {
cout << "\nEnter the sports mark :";
cin>>sm;

}
};

class statement : public student, public sports {

int tot, avg;
public:

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 void display() {
tot = (m1 + m2 + sm);
avg = tot / 3;
cout << "\n\n\tRoll No : " << rno << "\n\tTotal : " << tot;
cout << "\n\tAverage : " << avg;
}
};
int main() {

statement obj;
obj.get();
obj.getsm();
obj.display();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 62
OUTPUT:
Enter the Roll no: 08
Enter two marks
91
81
Enter the Sports Mark: 91
Roll No: 08
Total : 263
Average: 86.7

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22. Write a C++ program to demonstrate the concept of hybrid inheritance
that contains virtual base class.
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
using namespace std;
class student {
int rno;
public:
void getnumber() {
cout << "Enter Roll No:";
cin>>rno;
}

void putnumber() {
cout << "\n\n\tRoll No:" << rno << "\n";
}
};

class test : virtual public student {

public:
int part1, part2;

void getmarks() {
cout << "Enter Marks\n";
cout << "Part1:";
cin>>part1;
cout << "Part2:";
cin>>part2;
}

void putmarks() {
cout << "\tMarks Obtained\n";
cout << "\n\tPart1:" << part1;
cout << "\n\tPart2:" << part2;
}
};

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class sports : public virtual student {
public:
int score;

void getscore() {
cout << "Enter Sports Score:";
cin>>score;
}

void putscore() {
cout << "\n\tSports Score is:" << score;
}
};

class result : public test, public sports {

int total;
public:

void display() {
total = part1 + part2 + score;
putnumber();
putmarks();
putscore();
cout << "\n\tTotal Score:" << total;
}
};

int main() {
result obj;

obj.getnumber();
obj.getmarks();
obj.getscore();
obj.display();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 65
OUTPUT:

input
6
Enter Roll No:508
Enter Marks
Part1:26
Part2:46
Enter Sports Score:26

Roll No:508
Marks Obtained
Part1:26
Part2:46
Sports Score is:26
Total Score:98

JNTUHCEH Page 66
23. Write a C++ program to implement hierarchical inheritance.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Vehicle
{
public:
Vehicle()
{
cout << "This is a Vehicle" << endl;
}
};

class Car: public BUS

{

};

class Bus: public BUS

{

};

int main()
{
Car obj1;
Bus obj2;
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 67
OUTPUT:
This is a BUS
This is a BUS

JNTUHCEH Page 68
24. Write a C++ program to demonstrate method overriding.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class BaseClass {
public:
void disp(){
cout<<"Function of Parent Class";
}
};
class DerivedClass: public BaseClass{
public:
void disp() {
cout<<"Function of Child Class";
}
};
int main() {
BaseClass obj = DerivedClass();
obj.disp();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 69
OUTPUT:
Function of Parent Class

JNTUHCEH Page 70
25. Write a C++ program to implement virtual functions.

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;

class base
{
public:
virtual void print ()
{ cout<< "print base class" <<endl; }

void show ()
{ cout<< "show base class" <<endl; }
};

class derived:public base

{
public:
void print ()
{ cout<< "print the derived class" <<endl; }

void show ()
{ cout<< "show the derived class" <<endl; }
};

int main()
{
base *bptr;
derived d;
bptr = &d;

bptr->print();

bptr->show();

JNTUHCEH Page 71
OUTPUT:
Print the derived class
Show the base class

JNTUHCEH Page 72
26. Write a C++ program to display the two different employee salary in 2
subclasses with each employee in each subclass using pure virtual function.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class employee
{
public:long amount;
virtual void salary()=0;
};
class employee1:public employee
{
public:employee1(long m)
{
amount=m;
}
void salary()
{
cout<<"\nSalary of 1st employee is "<<amount;
}
};
class employee2:public employee
{
public:employee2(long m)
{
amount=m;
}
void salary()
{

JNTUHCEH Page 73
 cout<<"\nSalary of 2nd employee is "<<amount;
}
};
int main(
{
employee1 e1(500000);
employee2 e2(200000);
e1.salary();
e2.salary();
}

JNTUHCEH Page 74
OUTPUT:
Salary of 1st employee is 500000
Salary of 2nd employee is 200000

JNTUHCEH Page 75
27. Write a C++ program to overload the arithmetic operator ‘+’
so that it can be used for concatenation of two strings.
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
class strings
{
public: char str[100];
strings() {}
strings(char str[])
{
strcpy(this->str, str);
}
strings operator+(strings& S2)
{
strings S3;
strcat(this->str, S2.str);
strcpy(S3.str, this->str);
return S3;
}
};
int main()
{
char str1[100],str2[100];
cout<<"\nEnter 1st string:";
gets(str1);
cout<<"\nEnter 2nd string:";

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 gets(str2);
strings a1(str1),a2(str2),a3;
a3 = a1 + a2;
cout<< "\nConcatenation: " << a3.str;
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 77
OUTPUT:
Enter 1st string: Sairam

Enter 2nd string: Balu

Concatenation: Sairam Balu

JNTUHCEH Page 78
28. Write a C++ program to implement unary operator
overloading using member function.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class sample
{
int n1,n2;
public : sample ( ) { }
sample (int x , int y)
{
n1 = x;
n2 = y;
}
void show ( );
sample operator + ( int );
};
void sample :: show()
{
cout<< "\nn1=" << n1;
cout<< "\nn2=" << n2;
}
sample sample :: operator + ( int x )
{
sample s1;
s1.n1=n1+x;
s1.n2=n2+x;
return(s1);

JNTUHCEH Page 79
}
int main()
{
sample s2(100,200);
sample s3 = s2.operator + (5) ;
cout<< "\nFor s2";
s2.show ( );
cout<< "\nFor s3" ;
s3.show ( );
}

JNTUHCEH Page 80
OUTPUT:
For s2
n1=100
n2=200

For s3
n1=105
n2=205

JNTUHCEH Page 81
29. Write a C++ program to implement unary operator
overloading using friend function.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class space
{
intx,y,z;
public:voidgetdata(int a,int b,int c)
{
x=a;
y=b;
z=c;
}
void display()
{
cout<<"\nx="<<x;
cout<<"\ny="<<y;
cout<<"\nz="<<z;
}
friend void operator -(space &s);
};
void operator -(space &s)
{
s.x=-s.x;
s.y=-s.y;
s.z=-s.z;
}

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int main()
{
space s1,s2;
s1.getdata(15,10,5);
s1.display();
-s1;
s1.display();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 83
OUTPUT:
x=15
y=10
z=5

x=-15
y=-10
z=-5

JNTUHCEH Page 84
30. Write a C++ program to add and subtract two complex
numbers using friend function which overloads a binary operator.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class complex
{
float x,y;
public:complex(){}
complex(float real,float imag)
{
x=real;
y=imag;
}
friend complex operator +(complex ,complex);
friend complex operator -(complex ,complex);
void display()
{
cout<<"("<<x<<")"<<"+"<<"("<<y<<")"<<"j"<<"\n";
}
};
complex operator +(complex a,complex b)
{
complex temp;
temp.x=a.x+b.x;
temp.y=a.y+b.y;
return temp;
}

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complex operator -(complex a,complex b)
{
complex temp;
temp.x=a.x-b.x;
temp.y=a.y-b.y;
return temp;
}
int main()
{
complex c1(5.0,5.5),c2(10.0,10.5),c3,c4;
c3=c1+c2;
c4=c1-c2;
cout<<"\nNUM1=";
c1.display();
cout<<"\nNUM2=";
c2.display();
cout<<"\nSUM=";
c3.display();
cout<<"\nDIFFERENCE=";
c4.display();
}

JNTUHCEH Page 86
OUTPUT:
NUM1=(15)+(5.5)j

NUM2=(1)+(10.5)j

SUM=(16)+(16)j

DIFFERENCE=(14)+(-5)j

JNTUHCEH Page 87
31. Write a C++ program to handle the divide by zero exception.
Note : inputs are given by user.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double division(int a, int b)
{
if( b == 0 )
{
throw "Division by zero exception raised”;
}
return (a/b);
}
int main ()
{
int x ;
int y ;
cout<<”enter the numerator and denominator value”;
cin>>x>>y;
double z = 0;
try {
z = division(x, y);
cout << z << endl;
}
catch (const char* msg)
{
cerr << msg << endl;
}
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 88
OUTPUT:
enter the numerator and denominator value
81
9
result = 9

enter the numerator and denominator value

18
0
Division by zero Exception raised

JNTUHCEH Page 89
32. Write a C++ program to explain how to use multiple catch
blocks.
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
void func(int a)
{
try{
if(a==0)
throw a;
else if(a>0)
throw ‘b’;
else if(a<0)
throw .0;
}
}
catch(char d)
{
cout<<”Caught positive value”<<endl;
}
catch(int e)
{
cout<<”Caught a null value”<<endl;
}
catch(double f)
{
cout<<”Caught a negative value”;
}
Cout<<”Multiple catch blocks”<<endl;
}
int main()
{
int input;

JNTUHCEH Page 90
cout<<”Enter input value”;
cin>>input;
func(input);
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 91
OUTPUT:
Enter input value -9
Caught a negative value
Multiple catch blocks

Enter input value 9

Caught a positive value
Multiple catch blocks

Enter input value 0

Caught a null value
Multiple catch blocks

JNTUHCEH Page 92
33. Write a C++ program to implement “rethrowing an exception”.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void myFunction()
{
try {
throw "hello"; // throw a char *
}
catch(const char *)
{
cout << "Caught char * inside myFunction\n";
throw ; // rethrow char * out of function
} // myFunction
}
int main()
{
cout << "Start\n";
try{
myFunction();
}
catch(const char *)
{
cout << "Caught char * inside the main\n";
}
cout << "End";
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 93
OUTPUT:

Start
Caught char * inside my Function
Caught char * inside the main
End

JNTUHCEH Page 94
34. Write a C++ program to perform read/write operations on a
file.
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
char input[75];
ofstream of;
of.open("text_file.txt");
cout <<"Writing to a text file:" << endl;
cout << "Please Enter your name: ";
cin.getline(input, 100);
of << input << endl;
cout << "Please Enter your age: ";
cin >> input;
of << input << endl;
of.close();
ifstream ifs;
string line;
ifs.open("testout.txt");
cout << "Reading from a text file:" << endl;
while (getline (ifs,line))
{
cout << line << endl;
}
ifs.close();
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 95
OUTPUT:
Writing to a text file:
Please Enter your name: Sairam Balu
Please Enter your age: 18
Reading from a text file:
Sairam Balu
18

JNTUHCEH Page 96
35. Write a C++ program to copy the contents of one file into
another.
#include<iostream>
#include<conio.h>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream fs;
ofstream ft;
char ch, fname1[20], fname2[20];
cout<<"Enter Source File Name With Extension : ";
gets(fname1);
fs.open(fname1);
if(!fs)
{
cout<<"Error In Opening Source File..!!";
getch();
exit(1);
}
cout<<"Enter Destination File Name With Extension : ";
gets(fname2);
ft.open(fname2);
if(!ft)
{
cout<<"Error In Opening Target File..!!";
fs.close();
getch();
exit(2);
}
while(fs.eof()==0)
{
fs>>ch;

JNTUHCEH Page 97
 ft<<ch;
}
cout<<"File Copied Successfully..!!";
fs.close();
ft.close();
getch();
}

JNTUHCEH Page 98
OUTPUT:
Enter Source File Name With Extension : textout.txt
Enter Destination File Name With Extension : text_file.txt
File Copied Successfully..!!

The contents of the text file named textout are copied to the file with name
text_file.

JNTUHCEH Page 99
36. Write a C++ program to illustrate the use of member functions
(tellg,seekg) to obtain the size of a file.

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
long begin,end;
ifstream ifs("test.txt");
begin=ifs.tellg();
ifs.seekg(0,ios::end);
end=ifs.tellg();
ifs.close();
cout<<"size is : "<<(end-begin)<<"bytes"<<endl;
return 0;
}

JNTUHCEH Page 100

OUTPUT:
Let us consider the file test contains the data of “hi sai”, then the output is
Size is : 6 bytes

JNTUHCEH Page 101

37. Write a C++ program to count the number of blank spaces
present in a text file.
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
ifstream fin;
fin.open(“blankspace.txt");
char ch;
int count=0;
while(!fin.eof())
{
fin.get(ch);
if(ch==' ')
count++;
}
cout<<"Number of blank spaces in file are "<<count;
fin.close();
}

JNTUHCEH Page 102

OUTPUT:
Let us take a file with text “hi C++ how are you sairam” then output will be
as follows

Number of blank spaces in file are 6

JNTUHCEH Page 103