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Tube Light Manual

This document describes an experiment to measure the power consumption of a fluorescent lamp. The objectives are to connect the lamp circuit and measure power usage. Key components include a 40W fluorescent lamp, magnetic ballast choke, glow starter, ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter. The circuit is powered by a variac and measurements are taken of striking voltage, applied voltage, current and power at increasing and decreasing voltages until the lamp strikes and extinguishes.

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Swaroop Mallick
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2K views

Tube Light Manual

This document describes an experiment to measure the power consumption of a fluorescent lamp. The objectives are to connect the lamp circuit and measure power usage. Key components include a 40W fluorescent lamp, magnetic ballast choke, glow starter, ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter. The circuit is powered by a variac and measurements are taken of striking voltage, applied voltage, current and power at increasing and decreasing voltages until the lamp strikes and extinguishes.

Uploaded by

Swaroop Mallick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB.

MANUAL

EXPERIMENT NO : 09
OBJECTIVE: Connection and measurement of power consumption of a fluorescent lamp (tube light).
APPARATUS USED:
Sl Apparatus Apparatus
Range
No Name Type
1 Fluorescent Lamp T12 Type 40 W
2 Choke Magnetic Ballasts Type -
3 Starter Conventional Glow Type -
4 Ammeter MI Type 0–1A
5 Voltmeter MI Type 0 – 230 V
6 Wattmeter Dynamometer Type 0 – 700 W
7 Variac Manual Type 0 – 230 V

THEORY:
A fluorescent lamp is a low pressure mercury discharge lamp with internal surface coated with
suitable fluorescent material. This lamp consists of a glass tube provided at both ends with caps having two
pins and oxide coated tungsten filament. Tube contains argon and krypton gas to facilitate starting with
small quantity mercury under low pressure. Fluorescent material, when subjected to electro-magnetic
radiation of particular wavelength produced by the discharge through mercury vapors, gets excited and in
turn gives out radiations at some other wavelength which fall under visible spectrum. Thus the secondary
radiations from fluorescent powder increase the efficiency of the lamp. Tube lights in India are generally
made either 61cm long 20 W rating or 122 cm long 40 Watt rating. In order to make a tube light self-
starting, a starter and a chock are connected in the circuit.
When switch is on, full supply voltage from the variac appears across the starter electrodes P and Q
which are enclosed in a glass bulb filled with argon gas. This voltage causes discharge in the argon gas with
consequent heating of the electrodes. Due to this heating, the electrode V which is made of bimetallic strip,
bends and cross contact of the starter. At this stage the choke, the filament M1 and M2 of the tube T and the
starter become connected in series across the supply. A current flows through M 1 and M2 and heats them.
Meanwhile the argon discharge in the starter tube disappears and after a cooling time, the electrodes P and Q
cause a sudden break in the circuit. This cause a high value of induced emf in the choke. The induced emf in
the choke is applied across the tube light electrodes M1 and M2 and is responsible for initiating a gaseous
discharge because initial heating has already created good number of free electrons in the vicinity of
electrodes. Thus the tube light starts giving light output.
Power Factor (P.F.) of the lamp is somewhat low is about 0.5 lagging due to the inclusion of the
choke. A condenser, if connected across the supply may improve the P.F. to about 0.95 lagging. The light
output is a function of its supply voltage. At reduced supply voltage, the lamp may click a start but may fail
to hold because of non-availability of reduced holding voltage across the tube. Higher normal voltage
reduces the useful life of the tube light to very great extent.
If applied voltage of a fluorescent lamp is V , line current is I and input power is P  VI cos  where
COS  =(P/VI) = power factor of fluorescent lamp.

Page | 1
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LAB. MANUAL
Starter
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
A M L Fluorescent Lamp
Choke
C V
1 Φ AC Supply

W V

PROCEDURE:
1) Connect the circuit as shown in Fig.
2) Keep the variac in minimum or zero position.
3) Switch ON the ac supply and increase gradually till the lamp strikes.
4) Note down the reading of striking voltage.
5) Increase the applied voltage to the rated value step by step and note down the applied voltage, line
current and power input to the lamp.
6) Now decrease applied voltage step by step till lamp extinguishes and note down applied voltage, line
current and power input to lamp in each step. Note down the extinguishing voltage.
7) Switch OFF the power supply and disconnect the circuit from the supply.
OBSERVATION TABLE:

Applied Voltage Increasing Applied Voltage Decreasing


Striking Voltage (volt) Sl Extinguishing Voltage (volt)
Sl
No Applied Line Power Power No Applied Line Power Power
Voltage Current Input Voltage Current Input
Factor Factor
(volt) (mA) (watt) (volt) (mA) (watt)
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 7
8 8
9 9
10 10
CALCULATION:
RESULT: Draw graph of Input Power vs. Applied Voltage and Applied Voltage vs. Line Current.
DISCUSSION:

QUESTION:
1. What is the function of starter? What is the function of choke?
2. Can we use fluorescent lamp in DC?

Page | 2

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