MIEDY CORAZON TABANG

STA. MONICA HIGH SCHOOL

PHILIPPINES
PLANT
ORGANISM

ORGAN
SYSTEM

ORGANS

TISSUES

CELLS
OBJECTIVES
1. Identify the various types of plant
tissue.

2. Give structural, locational and

functional differences of these tissues.

3. Present at least one significance

( economic, health etc.) of cell tissue.
 Tissues

A group of closely associated cells

that perform related functions and
are similar in structure.
Histology is the study of tissues.
 CONCEPT MAP

OR
TYPES OF PLANT TISSUE
MERISTEMATIC TISSUES
From Greek word “merizein” meaning to divide
Cells that do not differentiate. Cellular differentiation is
the process where a cell changes from one cell type to
another.

Give rise to various organs of the plant and keep the

plant growing.

Cells divide rapidly and are “intermediate”.

 Types of Meristematic Tissue
Types:
• Apical- primary growth at
root and shoot tip

• Lateral-secondary
growth in trees and
shrubs.

• Intercalary-secondary
growth in monocot
stems.
MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
Meristematic cells
• Cells are small and protoplasm fills the cell completely. The
vacuoles are extremely small. The cytoplasm does not
contain differentiated plastids (chloroplasts or
chromoplasts), although they are present in basic form
(proplastids). Meristematic cells are packed closely
together without intercellular cavities. The cell wall is a very
thin primary cell wall.
They have dense cytoplasm, thin cellulose walls
and prominent nuclei. Lacks vacuole.
• May be the cambium layer, leaf or flower buds, shoot tips,
or root tips.
• For plant growth.
 PERMANENT TISSUES
• Cells formed by meristematic tissue take
up a specific role and lose the ability to
divide. As a result, they form a permanent
tissue.

• This process of taking up a permanent

shape, size, and a function is called
differentiation. Cells of meristematic tissue
differentiate to form different types of
permanent tissue.
1. DERMAL TISSUE
• They are the tissues, which covers the
external part of the herbaceous plants,
LEAVES AND FLOWERS.
• They are composed of epidermal cells,
which secrete the waxy cuticle.

• Waxy cuticles are responsible for

protecting plants against water loss.

• Dermal tissue consists of epidermis and

periderm.
 DERMAL TISSUE

• Epidermis
Epidermis Periderm
Structure of epidermis
 1.1 Epidermis
• They are the outermost layer of the primary
plant body, which covers roots, stems, leaves,
floral parts, fruits and seeds.

• They are one layer thick with cuticle.

• They are composed mostly of unspecialized cells-

parenchyma and sclerenchyma.

• They include trichomes, stomata ceIIs.

• They site of photosynthesis and gas exchange.

 Stomata
• Stomata - pores for gas exchange
- present on one or both surfaces of Leaves.
 Cuticle
Cuticle – Lines the outer waII of the epidermal ceIIs
- made up of waxy material that protects
plants from desiccation

Cuticle

Layer of
the leaf
 Trichomes

Trichomes – outgrowths of epidermal ceIIs

 2. Periderm
They are the outermost layer of stems and roots of
woody plants such as trees. They are also called as
barks.
They are multi-layered structures.

They include cork cells, which are non-living

cells that cover the outside of stems and roots.

They replace epidermis in plants that undergo

secondary growth.

The periderm protects the plant from injuries,

pathogens and also from excessive water loss.
Periderm (Bark)
 GROUND TISSUE

• They synthesize the organic compounds

and support the plants by storing the
produced products, providing the plant
flexibility and strengthening.
• They are composed of parenchyma
cells and also include collenchyma
and sclerenchyma cells.
 GROUND TISSUE

• Epidermis
Parenchy Collench Scelenchy
ma yma ma
Parenchyma
 Parenchyma
• They are the general cells of plants, which are
circular in shape and have very thin wall.

• They are present in all plant cells.

They have very large vacuoles and are frequently

found in all roots, stem, leaves and in fruits.
• Parenchyma cells help in synthesizing and
storage of synthesized food products and water.

• Parenchyma cells also controls plant's metabolism

like photosynthesis, respiration, protein synthesis.

• They also play a vital role in wound healing and

regeneration of plants.
• 2 types:
• 1. Chlorenchyma-provides
support to plants and also
stores food. In some
situations, it contains
chlorophyll and performs
photosynthesis.

• 2. Aerenchyma-give
buoyancy to the plants to
help them float.
Collenchyma cells
 Collenchyma
• They are alive during the cell maturity.

• Collenchyma cells are elongated with unevenly thickened walls.

• Found in leaf blades and below the stalks, below the

epidermis.

• Collenchyma cells controls the functions of young plants.

Provides mechanical support.

• Provides flexibility, that is, it allows the bending of stems and leaves
without breaking them.
Sclerenchyma cells
 Sclerenchyma- “hard”
• They are rigid, dead cells.

• They have thick, lignified secondary walls. Lignin (a chemical substance

which acts as cement and hardens them).

• This tissue is present in stems, around vascular bundles, in the

veins of leaves and in the hard covering of seeds and nuts.

• A sclerenchyma cell also provides a support to plants with

the help of hardening agent present in their cells.

• They provide structural support, strength, stiffness, hardness

and protection.
• Sclerenchyma cells are of two types:

• Sclereids or stone cells: They are short,

irregular in shape and have thick, lignified
secondary walls.

• Fibers: They are long, slender and are

arranged in threads.
 VASCULAR TISSUES
• They are specialized cells with transport of water,
food and minerals throughout the plant.

• They are located in the from the roots to the veins of

the Leaves.
What is the difference between structure
shown by label 1. and structure shown by
label 2 ?
 Xylem
• The term xylem is derived from the Greek word meaning
“wood”.

• They are dead with hollow cells, which consist of only cell wall.

• Xylem is also called as water-conducting cells.

• They play a vital role in transporting water and dissolved nutrients

from the roots to all parts of a plant.

• They transport the nutrients in the upward direction .i.e. from the
root to the stem, leaves and flower.
• These are the tubular structures
present in xylem :
• a. Sieve tubes
• b. Xylem fibers
• c. Tracheids and vessels
• d. Xylem parenchyma
 Xylem
• Xylary elements – the conducting cells in xylem
- 2 kinds of xylary elements:
– tracheids – the only water conducting cells
in most woody, non flowering plants.
– vessel elements – occur in several groups of
plants, including angiosperm.
- both are elongated, dead at maturity, lignified
secondary cell walls.

Tracheids Vessel elements

 Phloem
• The term phloem is derived from the Greek word meaning
“Bark”

• They are live cells, which lack nucleus and other organelles.

• They transports dissolved organic food materials (sugars) from

the leaves to all parts of a plant.

• Phloem is also called as sugar-conducting cells.

• They transport the nutrients in the downward direction

.i.e. from the leaves to the different parts of the plant.
 PhIoem
PhIoem
- Greek word phloios meaning, “bark”
- transports dissolved organic / food materials from
the Ieaves to the different parts of the plant
- glucose in phloem moves in aII directions
Types
1. Primary phloem – differentiate from procambium and
extends throughout the primary body of the plant.
2. Secondary phloem – differentiates from the vascular
cambium and constitute the inner layer of the bark.
 PhIoem
Sieve tube elements
 main conducting ceIIs of phloem
 elongated and non-nucleated
 uniformly thin walled with the end walls perforated to
from the sieve plate.
 Sieve tube element are attached end to end to form
the sieve tube.
• Part of phloem:
• a. Companion cells
• b. Sieve tubes
• c. Phloem parenchyma
• d. phloem fibers
 Fill in the table below with appropriate informations.

PLANT TISSUES DESCRIPTION LOCATION FUNCTION

1. MERISTEMATIC

2. PERMANENT

2.1 Dermal
a.
b.

2.2 Ground
a.
b.
c.

2.3 Vascular
a.
b.
 Tissue System
Component Tissues Location of Tissue Systems
and Its Functions

Dermal Tissue System

Epidermis
 protection
Periderm (in older stems and roots)
 prevention of water loss

Ground Tissue System

 photosynthesis Parenchyma tissue

 food storage
Collenchyma tissue
 regeneration
Sclerenchyma tissue
 support
 protection

Vascular Tissue System

Xylem tissue
 transport of water and minerals
Phloem tissue
 transport of food
What are the uses of plant
tissue?
 Question 1? $1,000,000
1. What do you call a collection of $500,000
$100,000
similar cells, with specific function? $50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
$200
Yes No
$100

TISSUES CELL GROUP

ORGAN SYSTEM
Which plant tissues doesn’t $1,000,000
undergo differentiation $500,000
$100,000
process? $50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
Yes No $200
$100
$100

PERMANENT SIMPLE PERMANENT

VASCULAR MERISTEMATIC
 Question 3?
$1,000,000
What are the types of $500,000
meristematic tissues? $100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
Yes No $200
$200
$100

XYLEM, PHLOEM APICAL, LATERAL

PERIDERM PARENCHYMA
EPIDERMIS COLLENCHYMA
 Question 4?
$1,000,000
Which protects the plant from $500,000
injuries, pathogens and also from $100,000
excessive water loss? $50,000
$10,000
Is this your $5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
$500
$200
Yes No $100

LEAF STEM

PERIDERM EPIDERMIS
 Question 5?
Which is the function of $1,000,000
parenchyma tissues? $500,000
$100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$1000
$500
Yes No $200
$100

DELIVER, STORE
BREAK DOWN, DELIVER

SYNTHESIZE, SYNTHESIZE, BREAK DOWN

STORE
 Question 6? $1,000,000
What type of tissue are the $500,000
veins in leaves? $100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
Yes No $200
$100

PHLOEM XYLEM

VENATION VASCULAR
 Question 7? $1,000,000
Name three tissues in the $500,000
ground tissue system. $100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
Yes No $200
$100

SCLERENCHYMA,
PARENCHYMA, XYLEM, PHLOEM, VEIN
COLLENCHYMA

PERIDERM, NONE OF THESE

DERMIS,
EPIDERMIS
 Question 8?
$1,000,000
Potatoes contain food in the form of $500,000
starch, which ground tissue are you $100,000
eating when you eat mashed potatoes? $50,000
$50,000
$10,000
Is this your $5000
$1000
Final Answer? $500
$200
Yes No $100

SCLERENCHYMA COLLENCHYMA

PARENCHYMA GROUND TISSUE

 Question 9? $1,000,000
Which ground tissue makes $500,000
the shell of a nut hard? $100,000
$100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
Yes No $200
$100

PARENCHYMA SCLERENCHYMA

COLLENCHYMA MERICHYMA
 Question 10? $1,000,000
What tissue transports $50,000
$500,000
water through dead cells? $100,000
$50,000
Is this your $10,000
$5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
$200
Yes No
$100

VASCULAR TISSUE ROOTS

WATER TISSUE XYLEM

 Question 11?
$1,000,000
$1,000,000
Which type of tissues are
$500,000
responsible for delivering food $100,000
throughout the plant? $50,000
$10,000
Is this your $5000
Final Answer? $1000
$500
$200
Yes No $100

GROUND TISSUES PHLOEM

XYLEM VESSELS VASCULAR TISSUE