Ccna Intro: Chapter - 2

CCNA INTRO
CHAPTER – 2
 TCP/IP Protocol Architecture
 TCP/IP Architecture Layer
 Application Layer
 HTTP
 POP3
 SMTP
 Transport Layer
 TCP
 UDP
 Internetwork Layer
 IP
 Network Interface Layer
 Ethernet
 Frame Relay
 Data Encapsulation
 Create the Application data and headers
 Package the data for transport
 Add the destination and source network layer address to the data
 Add the destination and source data link layer address to the data
 Transmit the bits
 OSI Reference Model
 OSI Layers
 Application – Layer 7
 Telnet, HTTP, FTP, WWW browser, NFS, SMTP gateways
(Eudora, CC:mail), SNMP
 Presentation – Layer 6
 JPEG, ASCII, EBCDIC, TIFF, GIF, PICT, encryption, MPEG,
MIDI
 Session – Layer 5
 RPC, SQL, NFS, NetBIOS names, Apple Talk ASP, DECnet SCP
 Transport – Layer 4
 TCP, UDP, SPX
 Network – Layer 3
 IP, IPX, Apple Talk DDP
 Data Link – Layer 2
 IEEE 802.3/802.2, HDLC, Frame Relay, PPP, FDDI, ATM, IEEE
802.5/802.2
 Physical – Layer 1
 EIA/TIA-232, V.35, EIA/TIA-449, RJ-45, Ethernet, 802.3, 802.5,
B8ZS
 OSI Layering Concepts and Benefits
 Easier to learn
 Easier to develop
 Multivendor interoperability
 Modular engineering
 OSI Terminology
 TCP/IP Model
 Application Layer
 Application Layer
 Presentation Layer
 Session Layer
 Transport Layer
 Transport Layer
 Internetwork Layer
 Network Layer
 Network Interface Layer
 Data Link Layer
 Physical Layer
CHAPTER – 3
 LAN Features for OSI Layer 1
 LAN Features for OSI Layer 2
 Data Link Function
 Arbitration
 Addressing
 Error Detection
 Identifying the Encapsulate Data
 Early Ethernet Standard
 10BASE2 and 10BASE5
 Repeaters
 10BASE-T Ethernet
 Ethernet 10BASE-T Cabling
 Ethernet 10BASE-T Hubs
 Collision and Duplex Setting
 Reducing Collision Through LAN Switching
 Eliminating Collisions to Allow Full-Duplex Ethernet
 Ethernet Data-Link Protocols
 Ethernet Addressing
 Ethernet Framing
 Identifying the Data Inside an Ethernet Frame
 Recent Ethernet Standards
 Fast Ethernet
 Gigabit Ethernet
CHAPTER – 4
 OSI Layer 1 for Point-to-Point WANs
 WAN Connections from the Customer Viewpoint
 WAN Cabling Standards
 Clock Rate, DCE and DTE
 Link Speeds Offered by Talcos
 OSI Layer 2 for Point-to-Point WANs
 HDLC
 Point-to-Point Protocol
 Other Point-to-Point WAN Data-Link Protocols
 SDLC
 LAPB
 LAPD
 LAPF
 HDLC
 PPP
 Synchronization
 Packet Switching Services
 Frame Relay
 Frame Relay Basic
 ATM and SONET
 SONET
 ATM
CHAPTER – 5
 Features of OSI Layer 3
 Routing (Path Selection)
 Sending Data to a Nearby Router
 Routing Data Across the Network
 Delivering Data to the End Destination
 Network Layer Interaction with the data Link Layer
 Network Layer Addressing
 Routing Protocols
 IP Addressing Fundamentals
 IP Addressing Definitions
 Classes of Networks
 IP Subnetting
 Network Later Utilities
 Address Resolution Protocol and Domain Name System
 ICMP Echo and the ping Command
 RARP, BOOTP and DHCP
 IP Routing and Routing Protocols
CHAPTER – 6
 Features of OSI Layer 4
 TCP {Transmission Control Protocol}
 TCP Port Number
 TCP/IP Applications
 Error Recovering
 Flow Control Using Windowing
 Connection Establishment and Termination
 Connectionless Protocols
 Connection-Oriented Protocols
 Data segmentation and Ordered Data Transfer
 UDP {User Datagram Protocol}
CHAPTER – 7
 Cisco IOS Software Command-Line Interface
 Access to the CLI
 Debug and Show Commands
 Configuring Cisco IOS Software
 Configuration Process
 Routed Memory, Processors and Interfaces
 RAM
 ROM
 Flash Memory
 NVRAM
 Managing Configuration Files
 Initial Configuration (Setup Mode)
 Upgrading Cisco IOS Software and the Cisco IOS Software Boot
Process
 Upgrading a Cisco IOS Software Image into Flash Memory
 The Cisco IOS Software Boor Sequence
CHAPTER – 8
 Navigating Through a Cisco 2950 Switch
 2950 Series Features and Functions
 2950 Switch Operating System
 Accessing the Cisco 2950 Switch CLI
 Switch Initialization
 Switch LEDs During POST
 Initial Configuration Mode
CHAPTER – 9
 Transparent Bridging
 The Forward Versus Filter Decision
 How Bridges Learn MAC Address
 Forwarding Unknown Unicasts and Broadcasts
 LAN Switching
 Full-Duplex Ethernet
 Internal Processing on Cisco Switches
 Speed and Autonegotiation
 LAN Segmentation
 The Need for Spanning Tree
 How Spanning Tree Works
CHAPTER – 10
 Virtual LAN Concepts
 VLAN Basics
 Creating VLANs
 Trunking with ISL and 802.1q
 Cisco ISL
 IEEE 802.1q
 ISL and 802.1q Compared
 Passing Traffic Between VLANs
 Layer 2 Switching
 Layer 3 Forwarding Using a Router
 Layer 3 Forwarding Using a Layer 3 Switch
 Layer 4 Switching
 Layer 5 – 7 Switching
 Multilayer Switching
CHAPTER – 11
 Network Topologies
 Cabling and Connectors
 General Feature of Metallic Cabling
 UTP and STP Cabling and Connectors
 STP
 UTP Standards
 UTP Connectors – RJ-45
 Coaxial Cabling
 Fiber-Optic Cabling and Connectors for Ethernet
 Optical Connectors for Ethernet
 Ethernet Standards
 Ethernet Framing
 Ethernet Cabling Standards
 10-Gigabit Ethernet
 Wireless Communications
 IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs
CHAPTER – 12
 IP Addressing
 IP Subnetting
 Analyzing and Interpreting IP Addresses and Subnets
 Math Operations Used to Answer Subnetting Questions
 Covering IP Addresses from Decimal to Binary and Back Again
 The Boolean AND Operation
 Prefix Notification
 How Many Hosts and How Many Subnets
 What is the Subnet Number and What Are the IP Addresses in the
Subnet
 Finding the Subnet Number
 Finding the Subnet Broadcast Address
 Finding the Range of Valid IP Addresses in a Subnet
 Finding the Answer Without Using Binary
 Easier Math with Easy Masks
 Easier Math with Difficult Masks
 What Subnet Masks Meet the Stated Design Requirements
 What is the Other Subnet Numbers
 Scaling the IP Address Space for the Internet
 CIDR
 Private Addressing
 Network Address Translation
 IP Version 6 Addressing
CHAPTER – 13
 Configuring IP Addresses
 Prefix National
 Seeding the Routing Table with Connected IP routes
 Bandwidth, Clock Rate and Serial Lines in the Lab
 IP Troubleshooting Features
 Internet Control Message Protocol
 ICMP Echo Request and Echo Reply
 Destination Unreachable ICMP Message
 IP Naming Commands
 Telnet and Suspend
 Cisco Discovery Protocol
CHAPTER – 14
 Routing Protocol Overview
 Comparing and Contrasting IP Routing Protocols
 Routing Through the Internet with the Border Gateway Protocol
 Distance Vector Protocols: RIP and IGRP
 Routing Information Protocol Version 1
 RIP Version 2
 Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
 Link-State Protocols: OSPF and Integrated IS-IS
 Open Shorted Path First
 Integrated IS-IS
 Balanced Hybrid Protocols: Enhanced IGRP
CHAPTER – 15
 Perspectives on the PSTN
 Converting Analog Voice to Digital Voice
 Analog Modems
 Modulation and Demodulation
 Point-to-Point Protocol Features with Modems
 Modem Installation and Cabling
 Modem Standards
 Integrated Service Digital Network
 ISDN Channels
 BRI
 PRI (T1)
 PRI (E1)
 ISDN Call Setup and Data Link Protocols
 Typical Uses of ISDN
 ISDN Installation and Cabling
 Digital Subscriber Line
 DSL Standards
 DSL Protocols
 Cable Modem
 Layer 1 and Layer 2 between the Home and the Head End
 Upstream Data
 Downstream Data
 Comparison of Remote Access Technologies

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