Jimmy Lie – 00000037042 – Electric Engineering

(1)What happens when you eat fast food?

The term "fast food" generally refers to food that people intend to consume quickly, either on- or

off-site. There is plenty of well-researched evidence demonstrating the various negative health

effects of eating and overeating fast food, in both the short- and long-term.

Many fast food establishments now list the number of calories each of their items contains.
However, this is only part of the consideration of whether it is healthful or not.

Fast food is typically very poor in terms of nutrition. According to a study paper in the
journal Health Promotion Perspectives Trusted Source, fast food tends to contain various
substances that are generally unhealthful. It is high in sugar, salt, and saturated or trans fats, as
well as many processed preservatives and ingredients. It is also low in beneficial nutrients.

Not all fast food is bad, and a person can make an informed choice by doing research to find out
the nutritional content of particular fast food items. These are available on the websites of most
major restaurants.

However, even the more healthful fast food items are generally high in sugar, salt, saturated fats
and trans fats. The Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Trusted Source note that
the typical person in the United States consumes too much of these.
Short-term impact

Because fast food is typically high in sugar, salt, and saturated or trans fats, looking at the short-
term effects of these nutrients can help determine what happens in the short-term when a person
eats fast food.

The results of a small study in the journal Nutrition Research and Practice Trusted Source
suggest that eating foods with more sugar as the first meal of the day could make a person feel
hungrier at their next meal than if they ate a low-sugar meal.

Doctors, dietitians, and other health experts believe that this is because sugary foods are worse at
providing satiety, or a sense of fullness.

Also, high-carbohydrate foods increase the body's demand for insulin, which also promotes more
hunger within a shorter amount of time after the meal.

Experts believe that the more hungry a person is before their next meal, the more likely they are
to eat more calories than necessary.

A small study in the Journal of Hypertension Trusted Source found that consuming high levels
of salt could have an immediate impact on the proper functioning of a person's blood vessels.
Excess sodium intake also has links to fluid retention.

Fast food is also often very low in fresh fruit and vegetables, which makes it hard for people to
reach their recommended daily intake of at least 5 servings. It may also be hard for them to reach
their ideal fiber intake, which is at least 25 grams per day.

Fast food is highly palatable, meaning that it is very quickly broken down in the mouth, does not
require much chewing, and activates the reward centers in the brain rapidly.

This combination trains the palate to prefer these highly processed, highly stimulating foods.
This reduces someone's desire for whole, fresh foods.
Research from 2018 Trusted Source and other previous studies have suggested a link between
fast food consumption and the incidence of food addiction for these low-nutrient items.

Long-term impact

There is plenty of well-researched evidence showing that regularly eating fast food can harm a
person's health.

This is because most fast food is high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and trans fats, processed
ingredients, and calories, and low in antioxidants, fiber, and many other nutrients.

Many fast food meals are very low in fiber. A low-fiber diet is associated with a higher risk of
digestive conditions such as constipation and diverticular disease Trusted Source, as well as
reductions in healthy gut bacteria.

A study in the journal Health Promotion Perspectives Trusted Source identifies the sometimes
irreparable effects of eating fast food on a person's health. Such risks include obesity, insulin
resistance, type 2 diabetes, and various cardiovascular conditions.

A study in the Nutrition Journal Trusted Source focuses on the effects of a Western diet on a
person's immune system. This is a diet that consists of high amounts of sugar, salt, and saturated
fat from only a few sources.

The study paper claims that a Western diet can lead to higher inflammation, lower control of
infection, higher cancer rates, and higher risk of allergic and auto inflammatory disease.

A study in the journal Thorax establishes a link between fast food consumption in teenagers and
children and an increase in asthma, rhino conjunctivitis, and eczema.

A study in the journal Appetite also suggests that there is a causal link between a diet high in
saturated fat and simple carbohydrates, typical of much fast food, and a lower capacity for
memory and learning. This sort of diet may also raise the risk of Alzheimer's
disease and Parkinson's disease.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source suggest that a diet high in salt often
increases a person's blood pressure, which means that a person is more likely to have a heart
attack, stroke, kidney disease, or heart disease.

The FDA Trusted Source also note that a diet high in trans fats raises the amount of low-density
lipoprotein, or "bad," cholesterol and the lowers the amount of high-density lipoprotein, or
"good," cholesterol. This means that a person is more likely to develop heart disease.

The Obesity Action Coalition point out that typical fast food contains a very high number of
calories. If a person eats more calories than they are burning during each day, they will put on
weight, which may lead to obesity.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)Trusted Source, obesity
increases a person's risk of developing a range of serious health conditions.

Another consequence of younger people regularly eating fast food is their uninentional lack of
understanding of basic meal preparation, cooking, and healthful eating.

Over time, this perpetuates a dependence on fast food, and people may not learn how to prepare
healthful, balanced food in the home. Consuming such meals can support a person's long-term
health throughout their lifespan.

Summary

Fast food tends calories, no nutrition, tends to be high in salt, sugar, saturated fats, trans
fats, and use many preservatives and ingredients too. This unhealthy food if we eat too much of
them, it will give the short-term impact and also long-term impact.

About short-term impact, if we eat fast food to become our first meal, it will give the
impact that we can even hungrier at the next meal later, because fast food contains a high sugar.
This has been proving that sugary meal does not give a sense of fullness. Not only sugary food,
high-carbohydrate also can make hungry. Not only about high sugar, high levels of salt can give
some impact too. It is about our blood vessels, about blood viscosity.
 We cannot find any fresh fruit and vegetables in fast food. At least, we must eat 25 gram
per day about fiber about fresh fruit and vegetables to reach our ideal fiber intake.

About long-term impact, every day if we eat a fast food, it will give a risk about obesity,
insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and various cardiovascular conditions. This is because that
fast food contains a low-fiber. Low fiber can cause a constipation and diverticular disease, as
well as reduction in healthy gut bacteria. Fast food same liked Western diet. Western diet it is not
good, because it can make to higher inflammation, lower control of infection, higher cancer
rates, and higher risk of allergic and auto inflammatory disease.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suggest that if we consume a high of levels sugar,
it can increase our blood pressure, which means we can have a heart attack and stroke.

(2) HEALTH AND FITNESS

Being healthy and fit in simple terms means taking good care of the body. We should remember
that a healthy mind resides only in a healthy body. Good health of both mind and body helps one
maintain the required energy level to achieve success in life. All of us must strive to achieve
wholesome health.

Protecting your body from the intake of harmful substances, doing regular exercises, having
proper food and sleep are some of the important instances that define a healthy lifestyle. Being
fit allows us to perform our activities without being lethargic, restless or tired.

A healthy and fit person is capable of living the life to the fullest, without any major medical or
physical issues. Being healthy is not only related to the physical well-being of a person, it also
involves the mental stability or the internal peace of a person.

Generally, a healthy diet consists of taking a proper and healthy food which includes eating
green and fresh vegetables, fruits, having milk, eggs, minerals, proteins and vitamins essential
for a human’s lifestyle. Practicing Yoga including regular exercises in your daily routine also
help you maintain your desired fitness, blood sugar and immunity level.

Healthy habits improve your physical appearance, mental stability, ability to perform activities in
a better way, which help you lead a stress-free lifestyle, maintaining happy moods, and high
energy levels. Each individual should take of one’s health on a priority; no single day should be
skipped for making efforts on maintaining physical and mental fitness. Being happy is directly
related to boosting your mental strength and health, so happiness can be considered as the result
as well as the part of a healthy and fit lifestyle.

Summary

If we want to be healthy and fit, first thing that we must to do is taking a good care of our
body. Some things we can do to our body are just like doing some exercise, having a proper food
and sleep. Being fit gave us more energy to do some kind of activities. Being healthy is not only
related to the physical well-being of a person, it also affect in our internal.

About Healthy diet, it made that we must eating green and fresh vegetables, fruits, milk,
eggs, minerals, proteins and vitamins. Exercise that can help our immunity and control the blood
sugar is Yoga.

Healthy also can improve physical appearance, mental stability, make some activities
become smoothly, which help to cannot become stress, make happy, and more energy. We
should prioritize our healthy, at least we do some kind of exercise that make efforts on
maintaining physical and mental fitness. If we are happy too, it can help to improve our mental
strength.