Target Publications Pvt. Ltd.

Chapter 12: Electrostatics

12 Electrostatics
Hints to Problems for Practice q
E=
kAε0
q
1. N= or q = N × ε0 44.25 × 10−6
ε0 E=
1 × 100 × 8.85 × 10−12
q = 18 × 3.14 × 105 × 8.85 × 10−12
= 5 × 104 N/C.
= 50 µC
8. σ = 120 µC/m2 = 120 × 10−6 C/m2,
q q k=3
2. N= or k =
ε0 k NK σ
E=
17.7 × 10−8 kε 0
k= =8
2500 × 8.85 × 10−12 120 × 10−6
=
3. q = 8.85 µC = 8.85 × 10−6 C, 3 × 8.85 × 10−12
l = 10 cm = 10 × 10−2 m, = 4.52 × 106 N/C
ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/Nm2 9. R = 0.1 m, r = 1 m,
q 8.85 × 10−6 λ = 1.77 µC/m = 1.77 × 10−6 C/m,
φ= =
ε 0 8.85 × 10−12 k=2
= 106 Nm2/C2 1 2λ
Using, E = ×
4. q = 20 µC = 20 × 10−6 C, kAε 0 r
r = 10 cm = 10 × 10−2 m 9 × 109 2 × 1.77 × 10−6
= ×
q 20 × 10−6 2 (1)
φ= =
ε0 8.85 × 10−12 = 1.593 × 104 V/m.
= 2.26 × 106 Nm2/C2 10. q = 10−9 C, l = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2 m,
5. φ = E ds cos θ = φ r = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2 m. k = 1 (for air)
86.6 2λ
cos θ = = 0.866 E=
200 × 0.5 4πkε 0 r
∴ θ = cos−1 (0.886) = 30° 1 2q 1
= × ×
6. ds = 100 cm2 = 100 × 10−4 m2, 4πε 0 l kr
E = 100 N/C
2 × 10−9 1
φ = E ds cos θ = 9 ×109 × ×
φ| |= 100 × 100 × 10−4 × cos 90 20 × 10−2 1 × 20 × 10−2
= 450 V/m.
= 0 (∵ cos 90° = 0)
11. R = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m,
φ⊥ = 100 × 100 × 10−4 × cos 90 σ = 0.5 µC/m2 = 0.5 × 10−6 C/m2,
= 1 Wb (∵ cos 0° = 1) k = 3.14, r = 4m,
φ30 = 100 × 100 × 10−4 × cos (90 − 30) Rσ 4πRσ
E= =
1 kε0 r 4πε0 kr
= 1 × = 0.5 Wb
2 1 4πRσ
= ×
7. A = 100 m ,2 4πε0 kr
q = 44.25 µC = 44.25 × 10−6 C, 9 × 109 × 4 × 3.14 × 2 × 10−3 × 0.5 × 10−6
=
k = 1 (for air), 3.14 × 4
ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/Nm2 = 9 V/m
1
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

q = 100 µC = 100 × 10−6 C, r = 1 m

12.
( 0.2 × 10 / 40 × 10−4 )
−6 2

q 100 × 10 −6 =
N= = = 1.13 × 107 2 × 8.85 × 10−12
ε0 8.85 × 10−12
( 5 × 10 × 10−2 )
−3 2

1 q =
E= . 2 × 8.85 × 10−12
4πε 0 r 2
= 1.4124 × 102
100 × 10−6 = 141.24 N/m2
= 9 × 109 ×
(1)2
16. ds = 0.5 m2, q = 10 µC = 10 × 10−6 C
5
= 9 × 10 V/m q 10 × 10−6
σ= =
13. σ = 0.885 µC/m = 0.885 × 10−6 C/m, ds 0.5
k = 1 (for air), ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C2/Nm2 = 2 × 10−5 C/m2
σ 2 ds ( 2 × 10 ) × 0.5
−52
σ2
f = F1 = =
2 ε0 2ε 0 2 × 8.85 × 10−12
(0.885 × 10−6 ) 2 = 2.26 N
f =
2 × 8.85 × 10−12 σ ds 2.26
2
F2 = = = 0.452 N
0.7832 2ε 0 k 5
= = 0.04425
17.7
1 q 9 × 109 q
= 4.425 × 10−2 N/m2 17. V= × = ×
4πε 0 k R 5 R
14. ds = 5m2, V × R × 5 2 × 106 × 1 × 5
q = 8.85 µC = 8.85 × 10 C, k = 10 −6 We get, q = =
9 × 109 9 × 109
q 8.85 × 10 −6 = 1.11 × 10−3
σ= =
ds 5 = 1110 µC
−7
= 5.949 × 10 C/m2 q 1110 × 10−6
Now using, σ = =
σ 2 ds 4πR 2 4 × 3.14 × (1)2
F=
2ε 0 k = 8.838 ×10−5 C/m2
( 8.838 × 10−5 )
2

=
( 5.949 ×10 ) −7 2
×5 Using, f =
σ2
=
−12 2ε 0 k 2 × 8.85 × 10−12 × 5
2 × 8.85 × 10 × 10
10 × 10−14 78.11 × 10−10
= =
10−11 88.5 × 10−12
= 10−2 N. = 88.26 N/m2
1 2
15. ds = 40 cm2 = 40 × 10−4 m2, 18. u= εE
2
q = 0.2 µC = 0.2 × 10−6 C
1
σ q = × 8.85 × 10−12 × (104)2
Using, E = = 2
ε0 ds × ε 0
= 4.425 × 10−4 J/m3
0.2 × 10−6
= 19. u = 2 × 10−8 J/m3, k = 1 (for air)
40 × 10−4 × 8.85 × 10−12
= 5.6 × 106 V/m 1 2u
Using, u = ε0 E2 or E =
σ2 2 ε0
Now using, f =
2ε 0
2 × 2 × 10−8
=
( q / ds )
2

= 8.85 × 10−12
2ε 0 = 67.23 V/m
2
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 12: Electrostatics

20. q = 20 µC = 20 × 10−6 C, 200

E= = 2 × 106 V/m
r = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2 m 10−4
1 q 1
E= × 2 u = ε0E2
4πε 0 r 2
20 × 10−6 1
E = 9 × 109 × u = × 8.85 × 10−12 × (2 × 106)2
( 20 ×10 )
−2 2 2
1
= 45 × 105 V/m = × 8.85 × 4
2
Now using, = 17.70 J/m3.
1
u = ε0E2 25. d = 1 mm = 10−3 m, C = 1 µF = 10−6 F
2
Aε0 Cd
1 C= or A =
= × 8.85 × 10−12 × (45 × 105)2 d ε0
2
= 89.60 J/m3 10 −6 × 10−3
=
8.85 × 10−12
21. d = 2 mm = 2 × 10−3 m, V = 200 V
1000
V 200 =
E= = −3
= 105 V/m 8.85
d 2 × 10
≈ 113 m2
1 1
u = ε0 E2 = × 8.85 × 10−12 × (105)2 26. dc = 8 cm = 8 × 10−2 m,
2 2
= 4.425 × 10−2 J/m3 = 0.04425 J/m3 rc = 4 × 10−2 m,
ds = 20 cm = 20 × 10−2 m
1 2u rs = 10 × 10−2 m
22. u= ε0KE2 or E =
2 ε0 k C = Cs
Aε0
2 × 8.85 = 4πε0rs
= = 106 V/m d
8.85 × 10−12 × 2
π rc2
∴ = 4π
23. A = 1.21 m2, V = 400 V, k = 6 d
d = 0.05 cm r2 1
= 0.05 × 10−2 m ∴ d= c ×
r 4
= 5 × 10−4 m (4 × 10−2 ) 2
V ∴ d=
E= 4 × 10 × 10−2
d 16
400 = × 10−4 × 101
E= 4
5 × 10−4 = 4 × 10−3 m
= 8 × 105 V/m = 4 mm
1 27. D = 6 cm = 6 × 10−2 m
u= ε0kE2
2 ∴ R1 = 3 × 10−2 m,
1
u = × 8.85 × 10−12 × 6 × (8 × 105)2 d = 0.05 cm = 0.05 × 10−2 m
2
Aε0 πR 12 ε 0
= 8.85 × 3 × 64 × 10−12 × 1010 C= =
d d
= 1699 × 10−2 = 16.99
3.14 × ( 3 × 10−2 ) × 8.85 × 10−12
2
≈ 17 J/m3
∴ C =
24. V = 200 V, A = 20 cm2 = 20 × 10−4 m2, 0.05 × 10−2
d = 0.1 mm = 0.1 × 10−3 m = 10−4 m, = 5 × 103 × 10−4 × 10−12 × 102
V = 50 × 10−12 F
E=
d = 50 pF

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

1 (10 )
Now using, −2 2

C = 4πε0R2 = 50 × 10−12 U = ×
2 20 × 10−6
50 × 10−12
∴ R2 = 1 10−4
4 × 3.14 × 8.85 × 10 −12 = ×
2 2 × 10−5
∴ R2 = 0.45 m. = 0.25 × 10 = 2.5 J
28. C1 = 12 µF = 12 × 10−6 F, d2 = 2 d, 33. C0 = 10 µF = 10 × 10−6 F, V0 = 1000 V,
1 k=4
A2 = A1
2 1
E0 = C0 V02
Aε0 2
C= 1
d E0 = × 10 × 10−6 × (103)2
C2 A 2 ε 0 d1 A d 2
= = 2× 1 = 5 J.
C1 A1ε 0 d 2 A1 d 2
Now, C = k C0 = 4 × 10 × 10−6 F
C2 1 1 1
∴ = × ∴ CV2 = 5
C1 2 2 2
1 1 1
∴ C2 = × C1 = × 12 ∴ × 4 × 10 × 10−6 × V2 = 5
4 4 2
∴ C2 = 3 µF. 5× 2 1
∴ V2 = −6
= × 106
4 × 10 × 10 4
29. C = 14 µF = 14 × 10−6 F, V = 250 V, 1
work done = energy stored ∴ V = × 103 = 500 V.
2
1 1
U = CV2 = × 14 × 10−6 × (250)2 ∴ V = 0.1613 × 106
2 2
−6
= 0.4016 × 103
= 7 × 10 × 625 × 102 = 401.6 V
= 4375 × 10−4
34. C = 0.2 µf = 0.2 × 10−6 F, V1 = 1.1 kV,
= 0.4375 J
k = 7.5
30. C = 8 µF = 8 × 10−6 F, V = 2000 V, 1
U = CV 2
1 2
U= CV2 1
2 U = ×0.2 × 10−6 × (1.1 × 103)2
1 2
U = × 8 × 10−6 × (2000)2 = 0.1 × 10−6 × 1.21 × 106
2
= 0.121 J
= 4 × 10−6 × 4 × 106 Now using,
= 16 J 1
U = kCV2
31. C = 2 µF = 2 × 10−6 F, E = 4 J 2
1 Q2 2U 2 × 0.121
E= V2 = =
2 C kC 7.5 × 0.2 × 10−6
Q2 = 2 EC = 2 × 4 × 2 × 10−6 1.21
= × 106 = 0.1613 × 106 V
= 16 × 10−6 7.5
∴ Q = 4 × 10−3 C 35. CAB = 2 µF + 4 µF = 6 µF
32. C = 20 µF = 20 × 10 F,−6
CBC = 3 µF + 1 µF = 4 µF
Q = 10 mC = 10 × 10−3 C = 10−2 C 1 1 1 1 6 1
∴ = + + = =
1 Q2 C AD 6 4 12 12 2
U=
2 C ∴ CAD = 2 µF
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 12: Electrostatics

36. 3 µF, 4 µF and 5 µF are in parallel, ∴ Q1 = Q2 = CEq. V = 1.2 × 10−6 × 150

∴ C = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12 µF = 180 × 10−6
Now, 12µF⎟⎟ 4 µF = 1.8 × 10−4 C
1 1 1 4 Q 180 × 10−6
∴ = + = ∴ V1 = 1 = = 90 V
C′′ 12 4 12 C1 2 × 10−6
∴ C″ = 3 µF ….(i) Q2 180 × 10−6
Also, 4 µF ⎟⎟ 2 µF V2 = = = 60 V
C2 3 × 10−6
∴ C′′′ = 4 + 2 = 6 µF
Now, C′′′ and 3 µF are in series 39. Let C1 and C2 be the individual capacitances.
1 1 1 3 1 C1 C2
∴ = + = = ∴ CS = and CP = C1 + C2
C ′′′ 6 3 6 2 C1 + C2
∴ C′′′ = 2 µF ….(ii) C1 C2
∴ 4= .…(1)
Finally, C″ and C′′′ are in parallel, C1 + C2
∴ From equation (i) and (ii), and C1 + C2 = 18 .…(2)
CAB = 3 + 2 = 5 µF C C
∴ 4 = 1 2
37. 6 µF ⎟⎟ 10 µF 18
∴ Ceq = 6 + 10 = 16 µF, V = 100 V or C1C2 = 72
Now, 16 µF and 4 µF are in series. 72
∴ C2 =
1 1 1 5 C1
∴ = + =
C1 16 4 16 Substituting in equation (2) we get,
16 72
∴ C1 = × 10−6 F = 3.2 µF C1 + = 18
5 C1
∴ The charge acquired by the entire combination ∴ C12 − 18 C1 + 72 = 0
16 ∴ (C1 − 12) (C1 − 6) = 0
= C1 × V = × 100
5 ∴ C1 = 12 or C1 = 6
= 320 µC ∴ C2 = 18 − 12 = 6
As Ceq and 4 µF are in series, they have the or C2 = 18 − 6 = 12
same charge = 32 ×10−5 C = 320 µC ∴ The capacitances are 6 µF and 12 µF.
32 × 10−5
∴ P.D. across 4 µF = = 80 V 40. C1 = 4 µF, C2 = 5 µF,
4 × 10−6
C1⎟⎟ C2
As 6 µF and 10 µF are parallel,
∴ Ceq = 4 + 5 = 5 = 9 µF
32 × 10−5 Q = CV
V6 = V10 = = 20 V.
16 × 10−6 ∴ Q1 = C1V = 4 × 10−6 × 100
∴ Charge across 6µF = 20 × 6µF = 120µC = 4 × 10−4 C
and charge across 10 µF = 20 × 10 µF Q2 = C2V = 5 × 10−6 × 100
= 200 µC = 5 × 10−4 C
38. C1 = 2 µF = 2 × 10−6 F, V = 150 V, 1
U = CV2
C2 = 3 µF = 3 × 10−6 F, 2
C1 C2 1
CEq. = U1 = × C1V2
C1 + C2 2
2 × 10−6 × 3 × 10−6 6 1
CEq. = = × 10−6 = × 4 × 10−6 × (100)2
(2 + 3) × 10−6 5 2
= 1.2 × 10−6 C = 2 × 10−6 × 104
Now, charge across each capacitor remains the = 2 × 10−2
same in series. = 0.02 J
5
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

1 43. C1 = 20 µF, C2 = 30 µF
U2 = × C1V2 V1 = 1000 V, V2 = 0
2
C1⎟⎟ C2
1
= × 5 × 10−6 × (100)2 ∴ Ceq = C1 + C2 = 20 + 30 = 50 µF
2 Total charge = Q1 + Q2
= 2.5 × 10−6 × 104 = C1V1 + 0
= 2.5 × 10−2 = 20 × 10−6 × 1000
= 0.025 J = 2 × 10−2 C
∴ Common potential,
41. C1 | | C2 2 × 10−2
V= = 0.04 × 104 = 400 V
∴ Ceq = C1 + C2 = 20 µF + 10 µF 50 × 10−6
= 30 µF
1 1 1 1
Using, Q = CV we get, 44. i. = + +
Cs C1 C 2 C3
Q1 = C1V1 = 20 × 10−6 × 500
1 1 1 7
= 10 × 10−3 C = + + =
2 4 8 8
Q2 = C2V2 = 10 × 10−6 × 200 8
= 2 × 10−3 C ∴ Cs = µF = 1.14 µF
7
∴ Net charge, Q = Q1 + Q2 = 12 × 10−3 C q = Cs × V = 1.14 × 10 = 11.4 C
Q ii. CP = C1 + C2 + C3
Now using, V = we get,
Ceq = 2 + 4 + 8 = 14 µF
q1 = C1V = 2 × 10 = 20 µC
12 × 10−3
Common potential, V = q2 = C2V = 4 × 10 = 40 µC
30 × 10−6 q3 = C3V = 8 × 10 = 80 µC
10 −3
=4× 45. Side of cube = 5 cm = 0.05 m, k1 = 8,
10−5
= 400 V E = 200 V/m, k2 = 6
1
u = k ∈0 E2
42. C1 = 5 µF, C2 = 10 µF, C3 = 20 µF, V = 210 V 2
1 1 1 1 7 1
∴ = + + = u1 = × 8 × ∈0 × 200 × 200
Ceq 5 10 20 20 2
1
20 u2 = × 6 × ∈0 × 200 × 200
∴ Ceq = µF = 2.857 µF 2
7 = 12 × 104 J × ∈0
∴ Net charge across the combination = 12 × 104 × 8.85 × 10−12
20 = 1.063 × 10−6 J
= × 210 = 600 µC
7 Total energy = u × volume
As C1, C2 and C3 are in series, they have the ∴ E2 = u2 × (0.05)3
= 1.063 × 10−6 × (0.05)3
same charge = 600 µC
= 1.3288 × 10−10 J
600 µC ≈ 1.33 × 10−10 J
∴ P.D. across 5 µF =
5 µF Since, u ∝ k,
600 × 10−6 E k 8 4
= = 120 V ∴ E ∝ k or 1 = 1 = =
5 × 10−6 E2 k2 6 3
600 × 10−6 4 4
P.D. across 10 µF = = 60 V ∴ E1 = E2 = × 1.33 × 10−10
10 × 10−6 3 3
600 × 10−6 E1 = 1.77 × 10−10 J
P.D. across 20 µF = = 30 V
20 × 10−6 ≈ 1.77 × 10−10 J

6
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 12: Electrostatics

46. A = 1 m2, V = 300 V, 4π× 104 × 8.85 × 10−12 × (2) 2

=
d = 0.01 cm = 10−4 m, k = 7, 64 × 10−7
C = ε 0 Ak R2 = 6.9472 × 10−1
8.85 × 10−12 × 1 × 7 ∴ R = 0.83 m
C=
10−4 Hints to Multiple Choice Questions
Now using,
Q 3.2 × 10−6
1 1. n= = = 2 × 1013
U = CV2 e 1.6 × 10 −19
2
1 8.85 × 10−12 × 7 1 qq 9 ×109 ×10 ×10−12
∴ U= × × (300) 2 2. F= × 12 2 = =9N
2 10−4 4πε 0 r 10−2
= 8.85 × 3.5 × 10−8 × 9 × 104
F 4.5
∴ U = 278.78 × 10−4 J 3. E= = = 2.25 × 103 N/C
q 2 × 10−3
= 2.79 × 10−2 J
= 2250 N/C
47. 4 µF 6 µF
C1 C2 1 q 9 × 109 × 4 × 10−6
4. E= =
4πε0 r 2 (10 × 10−2 )2
P Q
= 3.6 × 106 N/C.
X 4 3
5. Volume of drop V = πr
Initial capacitance, 3
1 1 1 1 1 5 Mass of oil drop = volume × density
= + = + = µF
Cs C1 C2 4 6 12 m = vρ
∴ For stationary drop, mg = q E
12
Cs = = 2.4 µF mg vρg 4πr 3ρg
5 ∴ E= = =
Final capacitance, C = Cs + 0.64 q q 3 × 4e
= 2.4 + 0.64 4 × π × (2 × 10 −7 ) 3 × 2 × 103 × 9.8
=
= 3.04 µF 3 × 4 × 1.6 × 10 −19
Now, (4 + x) is in series with 6. 8 × 3.14 × 9.8 × 8
= × 10−21 ×103 × 1019
1 1 1 1 4.8 × 4
∴ = = +
3.04 Cs (4 + x) 6 = 102.6 × 10 V/m
6+4+ x ≈ 1.03 × 103 V/m
=
6(4 + x) 1
6. F∝
24 + 6x k
∴ 3.04 =
10 + x k1 1
∴ F2 = F1 × = 20 × = 4 N
∴ 30.4 − 24 = 6x − 3.04x k2 5
∴ 6.4 = 2.94x
q 4.425 ×10−6
6.4 7. N= =
∴ x= = 2.162 µF ε0 8.85 × 10−12
2.96
≈ 2 µF = 5 × 105 V m
8. The cube has six surfaces and as the charge is
σR 2 at its centre, it will produce equal number of
48. E=
ε0 kr 2 lines of forces through each surface.
From formula, ⎛Q ⎞
The charge Q will produce in all ⎜ ⎟ lines
Eε 0 kr 2 ⎝ ε0 ⎠
R2 =
σ of force.
7
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

∴ Each surface will allow ⎜

⎛ Q ⎞
⎟ =
(800 × 10 )
−6 2

⎝ 6 ε0 ⎠ 16 × (3.14)2 × (1.5)4 × 8.85 × 2 × 10−12 × 4.8 × 109

−8
2.124 × 10 64 × 10−12 × 104
= = 400 =
6 × 8.85 × 10−12 6.785 × 104 × 10−3
9. ds = 2 mm2 = 2 × 10−6 m2, = 9.43 × 10−9
θ = 60°, dφ = Eds cos 60°
σ2 ds Q2
1 15. F= =
= 12 × 106 × 2 × 10−6 × 2ε0 2ε0 ds
2
= 12 Nm2/C (17.7 × 10−6 )2
=
2 × 8.85 × 10−12 × 2
10. T.N.E.I. = ∑q
313.29 × 10 −12
= − 10 + 6 − 2 + 4 + 2 = 0 = = 8.85 N
35.4 × 10−12 × 1
σR σR × 4π
11. E= = 16. σ = 26.5 µC/m2 = 26.5 × 10−6 C/m2
k ε0 r 4πε0 kr
dF σ2
1.5 × 10−6 × 2 × 10−3 × 4 × 3.14 × 9 × 109 =
E= ds 2kε0
3.39 × 1
dF 26.5 × 26.5 × 10 −12
339.12 =
= ds 2 ×1 × 8.85 × 10 −12 .... [∵ k = 1 for air]
3.39
≈ 100 V/m = 39.67 N/m2 ≈ 39.7 N/m2
1 q 17. l = 250 cm = 250 × 10−2 m, q = 1C, k = 1
12. E= × 2
4πε 0 r σ2 q2 q2
F= = = (∵ ds = l2 + l2)
q 2ε 0 k 2ε 0 kds 2ε 0 k2l 2
4 × 104 = 9 × 109 ×
9 (1)2
=
4 × 10 4 4 × 8.85 × 10−12 × (250 × 10−2 )2
∴ q= 9
= 4 × 10−5 C = 40 µC
10 1
=
13. A = 0.2 m2, Q = 20 µC = 20 × 10−6 C 2.21 × 10 × 10−4 × 10−12
6

Q 2 × 10−5 = 4.52 × 109 N

σ= = −1
= 10−4 C/m2
A 2 × 10 1
18. f= ε0 kE2
14. Q = 800 µC = 800 × 10 C, −6 2
3 1
R = m = 1.5 m f = × 8.85 × 10−12 × 5 × (400)2
2 2
∴ K = 4.8 × 109 N/m2 = 22.125 × 10−12 × 16 × 104
Volume stress = 3.54 × 10−6 N/m2
Bulk Modulus (K) =
Volume strain σ2 q2 q2
19. f= = =
F / ds σ2 2ε 0 k 2ε 0 kds 2 2ε0 k(4πR 2 )2
∴ K= =
volume strain 2k ε(Volumestrain) q2
= ....(∵ ds = 4πR2)
σ 1 2
32 ε0 kπ2 R 4
∴ Volume strain = ×
2kε0 K (8 × 10−6 )2
2 ∴ f =
⎛ Q ⎞ 1 1 ⎡ Q ⎤ 32 × 8.85 × 10−12 × 1× 9.86 × (4 × 10−2 ) 4
=⎜ 2 ⎟
× × …. ⎢∵ σ =
⎝ 4πR ⎠ 2kε 0 K ⎣ 4πR 2 ⎥⎦ 64 × 10−12
2 =
Q 7.148 × 105 × 10−20
=
16π × R × 2× ε0 × 4.8 × 109
2 4
= 8.953 × 103 N/m2
8
Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 12: Electrostatics

20. E = 2 × 106 V/m , k = 1 26. Q = 20 mC = 20 × 10−3 C,

1 C = 10 µF = 10 × 10−6 F
u = ε0kE2
2 20 × 10−3
V = Q/C = = 2000 V
1 10 × 10−6
= × 8.85 × 10−12 × 1 × (2 ×106)2
2
= 17.7 J/m3 27. V = 12 V, d = 0.1 cm = 0.1 × 10−2 m,
2
Q = 6 µF = 6 × 10−6 F
1 1 V
21. u= ε0 E2 = ε0 2 12
2 2 R E = V/d = −3 = 12 × 103 V/m
10
( )
2
1 8.85 × 10 −12 × 103 F = QE = 6 × 10−6 × 12 × 103
u= ×
= 72 × 10−3 = 0.072 N
( )
2
2 2 × 10 −2
= 1.1 × 10−2 J/m3 28. Q1 = 50 µC, Q2 = 150 µC, k1 = 1
V1 = V2
22. E = 400 V/m C2 Q2 k 2
Volume = 600 ml = 600 × 10−3 m3, ∴ = =
C1 Q1 k1
1
u = εE 2 k2 150 µC
2 ∴ = =3
k1 50 µC
1
= × 8.85 × 10−12 × (400)2 k2
2 ∴ = 3 or k2 = 3
1
= 70.8 × 10−8
29. Total charge Q
∴ Energy stored in 600 × 10−3 m3 of air
= Q1 + Q2 = C1V1 + C2V2
= 70.8 × 600 × 10−3 = 42.48 J
= 20 × 10–6 × 500 + 10 × 10–6 × 200
1 = (10000 + 2000) × 10–6
23. u= ε0 kE2
2 = 12000 × 10–6
2u 2 × 3.54 × 10−5 Effective capacitance Cp = C1 + C2
E2 = =
ε0 k 8.85 × 10−12 × 2 = 20 µF + 10 µF = 30 µF
= 0.4 × 107 = 4 × 106 ∴ Common potential difference

∴ E = 4 × 106 = 2 × 103 N/C Q 12000 × 10 −6

= = = 400 V
C 30 × 10 −6
1
24. W= ε0kE2 dv d1
2 30. C1 = 6 µF, d2 =
2
1
W = × 8.85 × 10−12 × 4 × (104)2 × (2 × 10−4) 1
2 Using, C ∝we get,
d
= 17.7 × 2 × 10−8 J
C2 d1 d
= 35.4 × 10−8 J ∴ = = 1 =2
C1 d 2 d1 / 2
= 3.54 × 10−7 J
∴ C2 = 2C1 = 2 × 6 = 12 µF
80 4
25. x′ = x= x 31. r = 10 cm = 10 × 10−2 m,
100 5
2 d = 0.6 cm = 0.6 × 10−2 m = 6 × 10−3 m,
x′ ⎛ 4x ⎞
2

Using, u ∝ E or = ⎛⎜ ⎞⎟ = ⎜ ⎟
u'2
k = 4, t = 2 × 10−3 m
u ⎝x⎠ ⎝ 5x ⎠ ε0 A
C= and A = πr2
16 16u ⎛ t⎞
= or u′ = . ⎜d − t + ⎟
25 25 ⎝ k⎠

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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

8.85 × 10−12 × 3.14 × (10 × 10−2 ) 2 36. C = 40 µF = 40 × 10−6 F,

C =
⎛ −3 −3 2 × 10−3 ⎞ Q = 4000 × 10−6 C = 4 × 10−3 C
⎜ 6 × 10 − 2 × 10 + ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ Q2 16 × 10−6
W= =
27.789 × 10−14 2C 2 × 40 × 10−6
=
4.5 × 10−3 16
= 6.17 × 10−11 = 61.7 × 10−12 F = = 0.2 J
80
≈ 62 pF
32. Q = 30 C, V1 = +6 V, V2 = −6 V 1 1
37. E1 = CV 12 , E2 = CV22
Q 30 30 2 2
C= = = = 2.5 F
V 6 − (−6) 12 E1 V 2
= 12
E2 V2
33. R = 6400 km = 6400 × 103 m
C = 4 π ε0R V22 242
= 4 ×3.14 ×8.85 ×10−12 ×6400 ×103 ∴ E2 = E1 = × E1 = 16 E1
V12 62
= 7113.98 × 10−7
≈ 711 µF 38. E = 80 J, C = 6.4 µF = 6.4 × 10−6 F
34. t = 0.2 cm, 1
E= CV2
Capacity of capacitor = C 2
ε AV
Q = CV = 0 .…(1) 2E 2 × 80
d V= = = 25 × 106
After inserting a slab, capacitance becomes C1
C 6.4 × 10−6
and charge remains same. Q = C1V1 = 5 × 103 V = 5000 V
By increasing a distance, we get same
potential difference as in first case. 39. C = 4 µF = 4 × 10−6 F,
Q = C2V .…(2) Q = 20 µC = 20 × 10−6 C
1 d − 0.2 + 0.24 0.2 Q
= + C = Q/V or V =
C2 ε0 A kε 0 A C
d − 0.04 0.2 −6 2
1 (20 × 10 )
2
= + 1 Q
ε0 A kε 0 A Energy = = ×
2 C 2 4 × 10−6
1 1
∴ From (1) and (2), C = C2 or = E = 50 × 10−6 J
C C2
d d − 0.04 0.2 = 5 × 10–5 J
∴ = +
ε0 A ε0 A kε 0 A 40. C1 = 3 µF = 3 × 10−6 F, V1 = 20 V,
0.2 C2 = 5µF = 5 × 10−6 F, V2 = 80 V
∴ d = d – 0.04 +
k 1
0.2 U = CV2
∴ = 0.04 2
k
1 1
0.2 U= C1 V12 + C2 V22
∴ k= = 5. 2 2
0.04
1
35. d = 4 × 10−3 m, V = 400 V = [3 × 10−6 × 20 × 20 + 5 × 10−6 × 80 × 80]
2
1 V2
u = ε0 × 2 1
2 d = [12 × 10−4 + 320 × 10−4]
2
1 16 × 104
u = × 8.85 × 10−12 × 332
2 16 × 10−6 = × 10 −4
= 4.425 × 10−2 J/m3 2
≈ 4.4 × 10−2 J/m3 = 166 × 10−4 J ≈ 1.7 × 10−2 J
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Chapter 12: Electrostatics

41. C = 8 µF = 8 × 10−6 F, V1 = 15 V, 1 1 1 2
∴ = + =
V2 = 25 V Cs1 3 3 3
1
Using, U = CV2 we get, 3
2 Cs1 = µF
2
Increase in energy
1 1 1 2
1 1 1 Now, = + =
= CV22 – CV12 = C( V22 – V12 ) Cs 2 3 3 3
2 2 2
1 3
= –6
× 8 × 10 × (625 – 225) CS2 = µF
2 2
= 4 × 10–6 × 400 = 16 × 10–4 J. 3 3
∴ CP = Cs + Cs = µF + µF = 3 µF.
1 2 2 2
42. C = 6 µF = 6 × 10−6 F, (V) = 150 V
Heat produced = Electrical energy stored 46. From the circuit (I),
1 equivalent capacitance of parallel capacitors
U = CV2
2 CP1 = 4 + 4 = 8 µF
1
= × (6 × 10−6) × (150)2 4µF I
2
= 6.75 × 104 × 10−6 ≈ 0.07 J A
4µF
4µF 4µF
43. C
C C C C
4µF
B
X C Y ÖX Y
II 4µF
C C C C Equivalent capacitance of series connection of
C C 4 µF and CP1 is given by,
∴ CXY = + =C
2 2 4×8 32 8
Cs1 = = µF = µF
44. 4 µF 4 + 8 12 3
Similarly, the equivalent capacitance for
4 µF circuit (II) is,
A B
C 8× 4 8
Cs 2 = = µF
4 µF 8+4 3
Join M and N together. Similarly join P and Q. Now Cs1 , Cs2 and C are in parallel.
Then the given circuit gets modified as shown 8 8
in the above diagram. From given condition, C + + =6
3 3
∴ Ceq = 4 µF + 4 µF + 4 µF = 12 µF
16
∴ C+ =6
⎛ C PQ CQR ⎞ 3
45. ⎜ = ⎟
⎝ C PS C RS ⎠ 16 2
∴ C=6− = µF
∴ This is balanced Wheatstone’s bridge circuit. 3 3
Therefore, there is no charge on capacitor 47. On connecting X to P, 6 µF capacitor is
which is connected in the middle branch (PQ).
The equivalent circuit becomes charged to a constant potential (E).
3 µF 3 µF As connection of X is switched over to Q, the
total charge on 6 µF capacitor is shared
between 6µF and 3µF capacitors, which is
P R 6 6 2
= = of original charge.
3 µF 3 µF 6+3 9 3
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Target Publications Pvt. Ltd. Std. XII Sci.: Physics Numericals

48. Capacitance of first capacitor (C1)

= 25 µF = 25 × 10−6 F and
its voltage (V1) = 400 V;
Capacitance of the second capacitor (C2) =
15 µF = 15 × 10−6 F and
its voltage (V2) = 200 V.
We know that for parallel combination,
the common potential (V),
C V + C 2 V2
= 1 1
C1 + C 2
(25 × 10−6 × 400) + (15 × 10−6 × 200)
=
(25 × 10−6 ) + (15 × 10−6 )
13000 × 10−6
=
40 × 10−6
= 325 V.
49. Charge on capacitor = Q = CV
= 5 × 10−6 × 10 = 50 µC
Total capacity = C = C1 + C2
Q 50 µC
∴ Final P.D., V= = =2
C C1 + C 2
50 µC
= C1 + C2 or C2 = 25 − C1
2
= 25 − 5 = 20 µF
50. Q = C1V = 40 × 6 = 240 µC
6 × 12
∴ Cs = = 4 µF
18
Q 240
Now, V = = = 60 V
Cs 4
Q 240
∴ V2 = = = 20 V
C2 12

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