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    Lexical Causative

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    Ayu Marta Dewi
    Causative is a linguistic phenomenon where one argument causes an event expressed by the predicate to happen to another argument. There are two types of causative constructions: lexical causatives, where a lexical verb semantically expresses causation, and morphological causatives, where affixes are added to verb roots or stems to express causation. Both constructions increase the valency of verbs by adding an additional subject argument as the causer.

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    Lexical Causative

    Uploaded by

    Ayu Marta Dewi
    28 views3 pages
    Causative is a linguistic phenomenon where one argument causes an event expressed by the predicate to happen to another argument. There are two types of causative constructions: lexical causatives, where a lexical verb semantically expresses causation, and morphological causatives, where affixes are added to verb roots or stems to express causation. Both constructions increase the valency of verbs by adding an additional subject argument as the causer.

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    morphology causative

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    Causative

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    Causative is a linguistic phenomenon where one argument causes an event expressed by the predicate to happen to another argument. There are two types of causative constructions: lexical causatives, where a lexical verb semantically expresses causation, and morphological causatives, where affixes are added to verb roots or stems to express causation. Both constructions increase the valency of verbs by adding an additional subject argument as the causer.

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    28 views3 pages

    Lexical Causative

    Uploaded by

    Ayu Marta Dewi
    Causative is a linguistic phenomenon where one argument causes an event expressed by the predicate to happen to another argument. There are two types of causative constructions: lexical causatives, where a lexical verb semantically expresses causation, and morphological causatives, where affixes are added to verb roots or stems to express causation. Both constructions increase the valency of verbs by adding an additional subject argument as the causer.

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    Causative is phenomenon of language that occurs in various ways and processes.

    It involves two arguments where one influences the other to carry out the event implied
    by the predicate. That is, the event would not take place if the causer did not coerce the
    cause. Simply, causative is the addition of new subject argument which can cause
    something to the patient. It employs a process of causation i.e. we assume that there is
    an external factor, which has forced the normal situation to cause something.

    There are 2 types of Causative construction:

    1. Lexical Causative.
    Lexical Causative is the one where we have a lexical verb form, which exists
    semantically as opposed to the non-causative form of the verb.
    Example:
    i. They feed him doughnuts (www.puertorico-herald.org, crawled on
    21/11/2016)

    FEED = CAUSE(x, (EAT, y))

    In the sentence they make him or cause him to eat doughnuts. Hence,
    causativization has the effect of increasing the valency of words. Another easy
    example for lexical causative:

    ii. The cat killed the mouse (www.ajol.info, crawled on 2/11/2019)

    KILL = CAUSE(x, (DIE,y))

    This could be means the cat causing the mouse die by killing it. The causative
    construction also increasing the valency of words.

    2. Morphological Causative
    Morphological causative is the one that have some morphemes which get
    attached to the verb root or stem and transform the verb into a causative verb
    form. In simple way, causative could be happened by adding affixes to the verb
    root which could cause something to the patient in the sentence.
    There are some English affixes which have causative role such as ~ize as in
    modernize, ~en as in en-large, ~ify as in simplify etc.
    Example:
    iii. The giant is awake → The giant awaken by me
    (www.newrichmond-news.com, crawled on 20/11/2016)

    AWAKE(trans verb) AWAKEN(trans verb, TO CAUSE STOP SLEEPING)

    iv. Everyone’s life is simple → I will simplify everyone’s life


    (www.suncookvalleysun.com, crawled on 06/11/2016)

    SIMPLE(adj) SIMPLIFY(verb, TO CAUSE LIFE EASIER)

    The examples show how addition of causative suffix could increases the valency
    of a word. The iv example show that causative suffix also change adjective into
    transitive verb and add more argument to the sentence. In sum, verbs may carry
    morphological markings that determine how their arguments must be expressed on the
    level of syntactic structure. The syntactic valency of verbs may be affected by
    morphology.

    REFERENCES

    Bauer, L. 1983. English Word-formation. Cambridge: CUP


    Katamba, F. 1993. Morphology. London: Macmillan.
    Imoh, Philip M. 2013. Causative Constructions: A Descriptive Analysis. UJAH: Unizik
    Journal of Arts and Humanities
    MORPHOLOGY
    (MORPHOSYNTAX: CAUSATIVE CONSTRUCTION)

    DEWA AYU MARTA DEWI

    1980111021

    LINGUISTICS DEPARTMENT

    FACULTY OF ARTS

    UDAYANA UNIVERSITY

    DENPASAR

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