Group Activities
Group Activities
Group Activities
Here is a list of ideas that I have employed at various times in a mental health setting for groups
of adults, children, and teens.
1. Lighthouse
Visualization: You are lost at sea on a stormy night. You see a glimmer of light leading you to
land. If you row hard, you can make it. Someone waits for you with a warm meal, dry clothes,
and a place to rest.
Draw, color, or paint an image of a lighthouse as a source of guidance in your life. Depict
yourself somewhere in the image, either in a boat on the water, in the lighthouse, etc. Add words
to represent your sources of guidance in life, i.e. faith, family, hope.
2. Joyful Memory
Everyone shares the most joyful memory that comes to mind. Each person directs the scene,
casting group members in the various roles, including him or herself. Participant watches the
scene and comments on the feelings and memories that come up.
3. Good and Evil (This one seems complex at first but once everyone gets it, it's a very fun and
powerful activity.)
Clients take six strips of paper each. Write three Negative Messages or beliefs on three of the
paper strips; i.e. You're dumb, you're ugly, etc. Write three Powerful, Positive Responses to the
messages on the other three paper strips; i.e. I have confidence in my abilities. I'm proud of the
way I look.
Form two rows of three standing opposite each other. Let participants choose if they want to be
in the "Good" row or the "Evil" row. A participant gives one of his Negative Messages to each
person in the "Evil" row. He gives the corresponding Powerful, Positive Response paper to the
person in the "Good" row that is facing the "Evil" side. The participant stands between the first
pair as they read the messages on the sheets and try to influence the participant using ad lib
sentences. The "Evil" person extends her arm out to block the participant from passing.
e.g. Evil: "You're really dumb. You are always so slow. Why don't you ever understand
anything?" Good: "I'm proud of my abilities. I may not be perfect, but I'm exactly who I need to
be." Participant listens to the two sides and finally chooses the "Good" side by repeating the
Powerful Positive Response and pushing past the "Evil" person's arm block. Participant repeats
process with next pair until finished with all three pairs. Repeat for each person.
4. Friendship Mural
Big banner: "A true friend is someone who..."
Clients fill the mural with images and words that complete this sentence.
5. Resilience
Draw, color, or paint an image of a being in nature that survives in a harsh environment: a flower
in a sidewalk; a fish at the bottom of the ocean; a creature in the desert.
6. Violence
Discuss quote from Elie Wiesel: "Violence is a form of communication for a person who fails to
find words" (paraphrased). Participants complete the following sentences for a journaling
activity:
Violence happens because...
Someone who is violent toward others is trying to...
Someone who is violent toward himself is trying to...
Someone I have trouble communicating with is...
What I really need is....
What I wish people would understand about me is...
7. Powerful Ally
Think of a person or character, real or imaginary, who is powerful, strong, or wise. Remember a
time you felt alone, scared, out of control, or helpless. Imagine that the Powerful Person is there
with you during the experience, either offering help or just being with you. Participants enact the
memories with the Powerful Person present in the scene. Each participant casts the needed
players in the scene and instruct the players how to enact the various characters' actions. Client
plays herself in the scene.
8. Inner Child
Draw yourself as a child on your paper. Add images and words to give this child everything that
it needs, including a supportive nurturing parent.
9. Purpose in Life (adapted from an activity used in the Awakening the Dreamer Symposium)
Fold paper into three sections. In the first section, list your gifts, strengths, talents, including
abilities and personal qualities. In the third section, list problems in the world that are concerning
to you, such as child abuse, animal abuse, unemployment, etc. In the middle section, use
creativity to devise at least three ways to use your gifts in the first section to solve problems in
the third section. Draw and color an image of one of these ideas as if it has already happened and
succeeded in solving the problem.
11. Lifeline (adapted from a standard Expressive Therapies activity I learned at Lesley
University)
On a piece of paper, make two points on the opposite ends of the paper, one labeled "birth" and
the other labeled "now." Draw a line between the two points. Identify at least three high points
and three low points in your life and graph them according to your age (horizontally) and
according to the feelings in the experience (vertically). Low points will be below your lifeline
and high points will be above your lifeline. Connect the points with lines making a zig-zag
line. Share the events with the group and the group responds with cheers, applause, and praise on
the high points and boos and words of encouragement at the low points. If participant doesn't
feel comfortable sharing details of their lives, they can simply say, "Age 6, high point."
12. Inside - Outside Bags/ Boxes. (standard Expressive Therapies activity used at Lesley
University)
Decorate a bag or box with images and words on the outside to represent the qualities you show
to the world. Decorate the inside of the bag or box with images and words that represent the
inner qualities that are hidden to most people.
13. Feeling Code Collage (learned from my art therapy supervisor, Susan LaMantia)
Take one sheet of paper and draw and color an image to represent various feelings, such as
happy, sad, mad, scared, embarrassment, love, peace, crazy, bored, etc. Label each image with
the feeling. Participants can also choose feelings to add to the list. Encourage participants to use
creativity; i.e. "happy" might first make you think of a smiley face, but it could also be like a
purple and green spiral or a puppy. On a second sheet of paper, use the feeling code to make
another drawing in which the images can be made bigger, smaller, repeated, overlapped, or
arranged in a unique relationship to other images. Title the new drawing and discuss.
15. Three Animals (adapted from a game I used to play with friends - I have no idea where we
learned it from.)
On a sheet of paper, write the name of your favorite animal and three qualities you like about that
animal; i.e. cheetah: sad, caring, and shy. Next, write the name of your second favorite animals
with three qualities, and finally, your third favorite and its three qualities. Consider the
possibility that the first animal represents how you want others to see you, the second animal
represents how people actually see you, and the third animal represents who you really
are. (Reading them aloud with their meanings with the group can be quite humorous.) Next,
draw, color, or paint a mixed breed animal with the three animals you chose, such as a creature
with a cheetah head, a mouse body, and a fish tail. Add a habitat, food, family and friends for
this animal.
16. Relationship Needs
Select a magazine picture to represent you and glue it to the middle of a large piece of
paper. Select magazine pictures to represent the six most important people in your life and glue
them in a circle around you. Draw a line connecting each of the people to the picture of you. On
the top of each line, write a word or phrase about what you need from that person. Under each
line, write a word or phrase about what that person needs from you.
30. Layers of Feelings (adapted from a lecture by WIlbert Alix, Trancedance Trainer)
Discuss layers of feelings: Our first response to difficulty is often anger, to protect
ourselves. Under anger is fear of being hurt. Under the fear is sadness or pain about the situation
that we don't want to feel. Under the sadness is our deep need for love or respect.
Draw four circles inside each other, like a bullseye. Label the circles, starting from the outer
circle, anger, fear, sadness, and love. Fill in each circle with the different layers of feelings for
the same situation. For example, I was mad when my teacher yelled at me in class. (Anger) I
was afraid of being sent to the office and getting in trouble. (Fear) I'm sad that things don't
always go the way I want them to in my life, and that my teacher seems to hate me. (Sadness) I
wish I was more appreciated and valued by people in my life. (Love) Add colors and images to
express your associations with the feelings in each layer.
42. My Wise Self (adapted from an exercise from The Progoff Intensive Journal Program)
Discussion: Everyone has a unique kind of wisdom that allows them to see and understand things
about life that no one else can.
Divide your paper in half. On one side, draw yourself surrounded by any problems you currently
have, including words, colors and images. On the other side, draw your Wise Self, either as a
god or goddess, an old man or woman, an animal, a mountain, or any image that fits for
you. Imagine that your Wise Self is looking across the paper and seeing you in your difficult
situation. On another piece of paper, let your wise self speak using your non-dominant hand to
write his or her words. Using your dominant hand, write questions to your Wise Self to keep the
conversation going as long as possible.
51. Stuck and Unstuck (adapted from an exercise in The Moving Center by Gay and Kathleen
Hendricks)
With selected music in the background, participants stand in a circle and warm up by moving
each part of the body in creative movements, starting with the head and moving down through the
arms, torso, legs, and feet. One at a time, participants go to the center of the circle and start by
moving freely. The participant then slows down until he is stuck in one body position, which can
represent a way that he feels "stuck," such as stuck in self-doubt, hopelessness, stress, or
neediness. He stays in the stuck position until he can devise a way to "unstick" himself, either by
making certain vocal sounds, saying a powerful phrase, shaking free, or breathing deeply into the
position until it releases. Repeat for each person and discuss.
58. Yes, No, I Don't Know (adapted from an exercise from Gabrielle Roth)
Participants partner in pairs facing each other, and decide which partner will be A or B. Partner
A starts by saying "Yes" and Partner B says "No." When the facilitator says "Go," each pair will
have about 30 seconds to say "Yes" and "No" to each other in a dialogue with varying moods,
attitudes and intensity. Repeat with Partner A saying "No" and Partner B saying "Yes" for thirty
seconds. Notice if it was easier to say "Yes" or "No" in the dialogues. Next, Partner A will ask
five questions to Partner B, to which Partner B can only answer "Yes." The questions can be
silly or serious. Repeat with Partner B asking Partner A five questions, to which Partner A can
only answer "Yes." What was it like to accept everything someone asks? Next, Partner A will
ask five questions to Partner B, but Partner B can only answer "No." Repeat with Partner B
asking Partner A. What was it like to reject everything someone asks? Finally, Partner A will
ask five questions to Partner B, but Partner B can only answer "I don't know." Repeat with
Partner B asking Partner A. What was it like to be in a state of unknowing?
63. Call Waiting (adapted from theatre game we played at the West Virginia University Theatre
Department)
Pick three contrasting people in your lives that bring out different sides of your personality, such
as a romantic interest, a parent, a best friend, a sibling, a teacher or supervisor, or an ex-
partner. Pretend you get a phone call from the first person on your list and begin talking with
them about imaginary or real subject matter. Imagine that you get a phone call from the second
person on your list that "beeps in" while you are talking, and you place the first person on hold
while you answer the second person's call. Talk with the second person briefly, then end the
conversation and return to the call with the first person. Then imagine the third person "beeps in"
and you again talk to them briefly before ending that conversation and returning to the first
person. End the call with the first person and hang up. Discuss how the person's body language,
voice, attitude, and demeanor changed as they spoke with the different people in their lives.
67. The Red Shoes (from the book, Women Who Run With The Wolves by Clarissa Pinkola
Estes)
Copy and read together with the group the story of "The Red Shoes." (A copy can be found
on Dr. Catherine Shafer's blog on Child Development.) Why did the girl become so obsessed
with the red shoes? What was she really longing for? What could she have done differently at
any point in the story to avoid the tragedy at the end? For example, could she have told the old
woman at the start of the story, "Thanks but no thanks, I'm fine on my own!"? Or could she have
made another pair of red shoes for herself that brought you the same joy as the ones she lost in
the beginning of the story? Or could she have run away from the old woman and gone back to
the forest? Depict how you would have avoided the bad ending of the story through artwork and
share with the group.
When art and psychotherapy are joined, the scope and depth of each can be expanded, and when
working together, they are tied to the continuities of humanity's history of healing.
~ Shaun McNiff
Overview
The creative process is a positive experience for young people, and benefits derived from participation in the
arts are manifold (Emunah, 1990). In recognition that adolescents often possess dormant or untapped creative
potential, many mental health professionals are turning to the expressive arts therapies as part of their multi-
modal treatment of these exceptional individuals.
When the introspective and profoundly personal nature of the creative arts is combined with the social
experience of group therapy, a powerful therapeutic setting is created as new lines of communication and
avenues for change emerge. For young people grasping for some understanding, some method of
communication, or some kindred spirit in their world, this blending of therapeutic modalities may provide the
necessary environment for psychological growth and movement. While the combination seems natural,
expressive arts groups have yet to emerge as an established specialty.
Discussion
Arts
An adolescent can be reluctant and uncomfortable with verbalizing feelings. However, in the art process,
"diagrams, symbols and metaphors allow the adolescent to distance . . . from the potential anxiety" of "feeling"
tasks in the immediacy of the group process (Linesch, 1988, p. 142). "A form of expression is desperately
needed, one which matches the intensity and complexity of (the adolescent) experience, is direct but
nonthreatening, is constructive and acceptable. The creative arts provide this means of expressing the inner
explosiveness of adolescence" (Emunah, 1990, p. 102).
Adolescent Groups
For the adolescent in therapy, adolescent group work can offer a safe environment where a wide variety of
concerns (e.g., substance abuse, social skills) can be addressed. The dynamics of group therapy allow for
interpersonal and intrapersonal growth with one's peers and is uniquely different from one-to-one interactions
with a counselor. Teens may also find safety in numbers and become more involved at the encouragement and
example of their peers.
While effective counselors must provide a safe and secure therapeutic environment with enough rules and
structure to maintain order, they must also avoid the role of judge or policeman (Emunah, 1985). For example,
in drama therapy the counselor can stop action and ask the group about alternative ways a member could react
to a situation. This effective process takes advantage of the importance of peers in the teen's life while allowing
everyone to examine situations from different perspectives (Emunah, 1985). The therapist can also utilize
directorial privileges to ensure that group members are aware of consequences that can arise from their
"fictitious" dramas; e.g., police can be instructed to arrest drug dealers. The group is thus confronted with
continuing their play and dealing with realistic issues. Many counselors find that videotaping sessions can give
concrete evidence of interactions and immediate feedback to the group.
Following is a sample list of strategies and activities. Statements in quotations reflect a counselor's comments to
the group members:
The first few group sessions should feature nonthreatening activities which can be used to help address
any self-consciousness or art anxiety a teen may feel about dealing with "kids' stuff." The counselor
should emphasize respect for each other's creative work.
Inclusive group art tasks (e.g. passing of piece of clay around for individual manipulation) can gauge
and encourage group cohesiveness (Liebmann, 1986).
"Introduce yourself (e.g., likes, dislikes) by drawing a self-portrait" (Liebmann, 1986). A collage from
magazines can also be used (Linesch, 1988).
"Take an imaginary journey down under the sea, swimming through an underwater cave and coming up
at an island where you meet someone who gives you a gift. Present the gift and the person who gave it
to you" (Liebmann, 1986).
Similar to the empty chair technique, but perhaps more appropriate for the teen-age population, is the
use of a pretend telephone conversation; e.g., use a tape recording to have a prop telephone "ring" and
then let the teens proceed from there - they are sure to answer it (Emunah, 1985).
Draw the group's facilitator (Liebmann, 1986). This is sure to stimulate discussion.
Have different group members perform different tasks in the manner of a selected adverb, while other
group members try to guess the adverb by observing the behavior. For example: Don, a very rigid, angry
teenager, was asked to hand some food to another person, "warmly". After he did so, Karen guessed
"lovingly." Don's eyes welled up with tears, and he said, "That's the way it looked? I didn't think I could
ever show love again after what has happened to me." He later talked about his experiences of being
abused at home (Johnson & Eicher, 1990, p. 160).
Near the end of a treatment program or termination of a group, the counselor can have two or three group
members enact a future scene in which they run into each other and talk about what has and has not changed
for them and in their lives (Johnson & Eicher, 1990).
Conclusion
Research has shown that the creative arts therapies work well in the group setting and with diverse age groups
and clientele. Creative arts groups can be particularly useful in facilitating insight, self-awareness, and
behavioral change with adolescents. However, one should bear in mind that the effective counselor must help
the adolescent move beyond artistic and verbal expression and into the area of applying skills learned in the
group to their everyday lives; for example, an adolescent's control over directing and enacting a scene set in the
future needs to be explored and carried over to possible reality in the present. If counselors can provide a
protected and safe therapeutic group environment, they create the chance for the wonders of art to play a vital
role in the multi-modal treatment of adolescents.
References
Emunah, R. (1985). Drama therapy and adolescent resistance. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 12, 71-79.
Emunah, R. (1990). Expression and expansion in adolescence: The significance of creative arts therapy. The Arts in
Psychotherapy, 17, 101-107.
Johnson, D. R. & Eicher, V. (1990). The use of dramatic activities to facilitate dance therapy with adolescents. The Arts in
Psychotherapy, 17, 157 164.
Liebmann, M. (1986). Art therapy for groups: A handbook of themes, games and exercises. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Linesch, D. G. (1988). Adolescent art therapy. New York: Brunner/Mazel.
Walsh, R. T. (1990). A creative arts program in social skills training for early adolescents: An exploratory study. The Arts in
Psychotherapy, 17, 131 137.
This feature is an ERIC Digest. Tim D. Rambo, M.A. Ed., is a graduate of the Counselor Education
Program at Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, N.C.
http://www.la-psiholog.ro/info/terapie-prin-dans
Pana acum nu imi amintesc sa fi vazut un film mai bun pentru copii, decat acest film, “Insideout”.
Este un film pe care eu il recomand la capitloul “ABC-ul psihologiei”, pentru copii, tineri si adulti. Incepand cu
10- 11 ani copii pot sa ineleaga bine despre ce se vorbeste in film.
Explica ce se intampla in “sufletul unui copil”: ce gandeste, ce simte, ce face, ce solutii gaseste intr-o situatie
stresanta pentru el.
Bucuria, Frica, Tristetea, Enervarea si Nemultumirea. Fiecare dintre ele isi joaca rolul propriu intr-o situatie
stresanta.
Tristetea ne goleste de energie, speranta, dar stie/”simte” atat de multe incat ne poate scoate din incurcatura.
Enervarea pune gaz pe foc si din rau ajungem sa facem un rau si mai mare- noua si altora.
Nemultumirea, “ma pun de-a curmezisul” sau atitudinea de “nimic nu e bun” ne submineaza si bruma de
speranta ca vom reusi sa gasim o rezolvare.
Emotii si ganduri:
Tristetea si prietenul ei gandul: “iarasi pied”, “stiu ca loviturile mele sunt mai bune, stiu ca pot sa il joc pe
partea lui slaba, dar nu mai am putere sa o fac”
Enervarea si prietenul ei gandul: “macar sa vad ca dau cu toata puterea mea in mingea asta, macar sa vad ca
se duce, poate asa fac si eu un punct”
Nemultumirea, are un prieten de “nadeje” gandul ca “am facut eu un punct. Si ce? La ce ma ajuta daca
scorul nu e in favoarea mea?”
Bucuria si gandul: “lupt”, “am simtit bine mangea asta, racheta, am simtit ca am dat tot ce am putut”.
Bucuria exista chiar si atunci cand pare ca sportivul a ajuns in culmea supararii, enervarii, lipsei de incredere.
Ele sunt acolo, dar sportivul nu are ochi de vazut pentru ele si nici urechi de auzit. Pentru el celelalte emotii
sunt prea zgomotoase ca sa nu le bage in seama.
Aceste emotii si ganduri exista tot timpul, doar ca pe baza experientei de pana atunci, a unei zile “mai bune sau
mai proaste” unele au intensitate mai mare, altele doar mocnesc.
Bucuria pentru joc exista insa intotdeauna. Ea este creativa, ea incearca sa gaseasca solutii, sa puna celelalte
emotii sa lucreze impreuna pentru a gasi o solutie. Ba chiar emotiile insele o asteapta pe Bucurie sa le fie sef,
pentru ca psihicului nostru nu ii place sa fie nici suparat, nici enervat, nici nemultumit.
In film, Bucuria impreuna cu Tristetea si jucaria preferata intra intr-o zona foarte importanta pentru gasirea
unei solutii: zona “Vizualizarii” sau a “Imaginatiei”. Acolo ei isi gasesc drumul peste o “apa” curgatoare sarind
din obiect in obiect, formandu-si propria punte sub picioare. Va amintiti postul meu “Puntea de pietre”? Se
refera la acelasi lucru.
“Vizualizarea” este una dintre cele doua calitati ce despart sportivii de top de cei de subtop. Deci acordati-i
mare atentie!
Nu in ultimul rand, a ne lasa sa simtim, a accepta ce simtim si a avea unde sa cautam sprijinul la cei apropiati
noua, sunt lucruri simple, dar pe care uitam adesea sa le luam in calcul atunci cand e musai sa adunam puncte
pe teren si sa castigam!
Cine doreste, poate sa lase mai jos “Comentarii” cateva cuvinte despre film.
Pentru povesti personale, intrebari si sugestii, va invit sa imi scrieti la Nicoleta@tanase.biz
Succes!
Nicoleta
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