Paradigm and Homophone
Paradigm and Homophone
Paradigm and Homophone
By
Bayda Rajab
Nada Mohammad
Sara Zana
Sozan Dilkhaz
Five semester
Dept. of English Language
Faculty of Humanities
University of Zakho
2019-2020
Content
Introduction
Definition of paradigm
Types of paradigm
Definition of homophone
Types of homophone
Conclusion
Reference
Introduction
A paradigm is a set of words sharing a morpheme ( e .g .{bomb ,bomb –ing , bomb-
ard , … }) or a set of phrases sharing a word ( e. g. { bomb , the bomb , …}). The
main component of the analyses presented here is the preference for uniform
paradigms , that is paradigms sharing contextually invariant morphemes .
Homophones are words that sound alike when they are spoken but have different
meanings and often have different spelling . And also homophones made of two words
'' Homo '' and '' phone '' so in Greek language '' Homo '' means same and '' phone ''
means sound so the word homophone means have five types :
1 . Homograph
2 . Homonym
3 . Heterograph
4 . Oronym
5 . Pseudo-homophone
Definition of paradigm
A paradigm is the complete set of related word-forms associated with a given lexeme ,
and also we can say it's a set of related forms having the same stem but different
affixes .
Example : with the stem head , ahead , behead , header , heading , headship , heady ,
subhead .
Type of paradigm :
1. Derivational paradigm: is a set of related words which gave the same root
but different stems
Examples :
Nature , natural , naturally , unnatural , unnaturally ,naturalist , naturalistic ,
naturalistically , naturalize , naturalization .
Affixes that are added to roots to indicate known grammatical relationships are
INFLECTIONAL ENDINGS, and the process of combining these endings
with roots is called INFLECTION.
INFLECTIONAL CATEGORIES: are abstract meanings that typically relate
to a larger linguistic system of contrasts.
These categories are PERSON, NUMBER, GENDER, TENSE, ASPECT,
VOICE, MOOD and CASE
PERSON: refers to the three-way distinction between the speaker (first person), the
hearer (second person), and someone or something else (third person).
GENDER: refers to the distinction between MASCULINE, FEMININE, and
NEUTER.
NUMBER: refers to the distinction between singular and plural.
TENSE: indicates distinctions in the TIME (PRESENT,PAST, FUTURE)
ASPECT:(PROGRESSIVE, PERFECTIVE) of an action or state.
VOICE: refers to the distinction between ACTIVE and PASSIVE
MOOD: INDICATIVE, SUBJUNCTIVE, and IMPERATIVE
CASE: indicates inflected word in a phrase , clause, or sentence; (NOMINATIVE
CASE), (ACCUSATIVE CASE), (POSSESSIVE or GENITIVE). refers the
distinction between to the grammatical function of the
A. The Noun Paradigm
1. The present third-person singular :{-s 3d}: used with he, she, it or nouns
2. The present participle: {-ing vb}
3. The past tense: {-D pt}: has regular and irregular forms indicating simple
past tense.
4. The past participle: {-D pp}
C. Comparable Paradigm
Homonym – Some words have the same pronunciation but different meanings. These
are called homonyms. For instance, “cite,” “sight,” and “site”.
Heterograph – Homophones that have different spellings but are pronounced in the
same way are called heterographs. For instance, “write” and “right”.
Oronym – Homophones that have multiple words or phrases, having similar sounds,
are called oronyms. For instance, “ice cream” and “I scream”.
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