Final Research

CHAPTER ONE
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
All living organisms generate wastes. It follows therefore that regardless of the
social and economic status, every individual is obliged in proper waste management.
Humans must of necessity generate wastes with various forms which can be solid and
liquid on a daily basis. While it is truly manifesting, everyone is in a position to make a
difference in their environment.
Most of the time, people throw litter and dust on the food paths and roads instead
of throwing it in dustbins. This is how litter slowly accumulates and transforms into huge
garbage. Small unit of problem causes more problems due to its continuous cycle. To
address the waste problem in the Philippines, Republic Act No. 9003, or the Ecological
Waste Management Act of 2000, sets guidelines and implementing mechanisms for the
proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and processing towards a waste-free
society.
According to the legislation, the government is able to institutionalize a national
program that at present manages the “control, transfer, transport, process and disposal” of
wastes in the country. Raising influence and providing measures that will improve the
community stability and intensify citizens’ responsibility in waste management is
necessary to keep the environment clean in order to prevent bad circumstances such as
arrival of diseases, flash floods, and electrical shortages. Waste management conflict is
Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

through Seminar and Training in Sitio Tagurtor,
Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas
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the nation’s worst environmental problem, and based on the framework provided, its
management is the simplest, and perhaps, the single most important thing people can do
to their environment.
In accordance with this, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
(DENR) stated that “environmental drives and campaigns have also been organized to
make Filipinos more knowledgeable of the benefits of proper waste management, not
only on how it can help the environment but also on how to improve the citizenry’s
health and state of living”. Some communities have successfully run a waste management
program at maximum benefit. What it took really was the readiness to do it and the
patience to get it done.
It is truly believed that health is wealth. To help individuals and groups to acquire
an awareness of waste management and its problem is an objective of leading the public.
Thus, people need to be acquainted of the implications of their actions on the
environment, most especially that those may affect their health.
As of this year, the Municipality of San Juan envisions preserving the integrity
and balanced ecology and healthy environment by sustained implementation of the R.A.
9003 and the above sustainable principle of DENR. By taking interest with such
objectives of strengthening partnership among stakeholders in the public and private
sectors, seminar and training in a form of discussion on waste management could be
making the first step in saving, not just the environment, but a lot of people’s lives in the
community as well.

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1.1 Statement of the Problem
This study seeks to recognize how seminar and training as interventions will take
heed in such objective of raising awareness on proper waste management in Sitio
Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas. As aforementioned, a qualitative approach will be
used. The following research questions will be designed to address the study’s focus:
1.1.1 General Problem
The collection of refuse is irregular and inefficient in Sitio Tagurtor, especially it
is near the San Juan Cemetery. Litter and refuse are often accumulated along roads and
public places, creating breeding grounds mosquitoes, flies, cockroaches and rodents
responsible for the spread of many diseases. The result reveals whether the public are
aware of the health implications of indiscriminate refuse dump. The study would be
beneficial in the area of policy formulation, most especially in the area of educating
public in the school and out-of-school through seminar and training.
1.1.2 Specific Problem
The study aims to:
1. find out whether the inhabitants of Sitio Tagurtor are aware of the implications of
current indiscriminate waste disposal in their environment;
2. evaluate the level of efficiency in the control and management of waste in Sitio
Tagurtor;

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3. investigate whether the techniques/methods used by the researchers are
adequately creating awareness about the health implications of indiscriminate
waste disposal in Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas;
4. identify various ways the environmentalist/ policy makers could help in changing
human behaviour and responses to environmental options that will promote waste
management; and
5. identify various ways the researchers could help in changing human behaviour
and responses to environmental options that will promote waste management
1.2 Significance of the Study
The whole community are involved in refuse disposal. Each member of the local
government controls a specific action in the process. Refuse disposal is generally seen as
the responsibility of the municipality. While that is generally true, the researchers
believed that the study would be beneficial to the people below:
To the citizens of Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan. This would become their great tool to
guide everyone to be responsive of physical, mental and social well-being and not merely
the absence of disease or infirmity. Being a citizen of Sitio Tagurtor evokes love and
commitment to the environment that is why what is expected of the citizenry is a positive
contribution to the progress and wellbeing of the community.
To the barangay officials. This would further help them to know the significance
of eco-life on the development of their community.

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To the local institutions. The research paper would assist them when formulating
laws that will promote human health and protection of their environment. This will give
ideas on how to resolve the said problem and how to prevent conflicts about waste
management. Other non-governmental organizations will also benefit because this will
guide them in the areas of production and distribution of educational materials to the
public.
To the researchers. They themselves would understand the relationship of waste
management with the different climate problems. Since they are charged of awareness
creation, they would be able to emphasize the link between good health and clean
environment in the school as an institution.
To the future researchers. This will serve as a reference in conducting their own
research paper and in providing information that may be helpful in the future.
1.3 Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focused on raising people’s awareness on proper waste management
through seminar and training in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas. The study is
delimited to the waste management in Sitio Tagurtor. It is intended to investigate the
people’s ability to maintain a sanitarily clean environment and to emphasize what efforts
are to be taken in order to solve environmental problem and why they need to be
involved.

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The respondents will be 20 parents, 5 barangay officials, and 5 barangay health
workers with a total of 30 respondents ranging from the age of 25 and below, 26-35, 36-
45, 46-55 and 56 and above years old. This includes their demographic profile such as
age, gender and position in the community, if any. However, this study will also cover
the approaches of the people towards community services filed in their community so the
researchers decided to interview two officials from Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office (MENRO). This will be an avenue to determine how waste
management can prevent the social conflicts in their locality.
This study is delimited to the people living inside Sitio Tagurtor Lipahan, San
Juan, Batangas. The result of the research is delimited to the people living outside Sitio
Tagurtor Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas.
1.4 Definition of Terms
awareness -having or showing realization, perception, or knowledge;
-public health education that promotes change in knowledge,
attitude, and behaviour
biodegradable -any material that can be reduced into finer particles;
-degraded or decomposed by microbiological enzymes
cleanliness -the state of being free from pollution or other dangerous
substances;

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-the state of being free from contamination or disease
collection -act of removing solid waste from the source;
-act of removing solid waste from a communal storage point
communication -the way of sending information to people;
-a process by which information is exchanged between individuals
through a platform, medium;
-an example is seminar or training program.
disposal -shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping and leaking;
-placing of solid waste into or any in land
equilibrium -a state in which opposing forces or action are balanced so that one
is not stronger or greater than the other;
-a state of emotional balance or calmness
ecosystem -everything that exists in a particular environment;
-the complex of a community of organisms and its environment
functioning as an ecological unit
global warming -the recent increase in the world’s temperature that is believed to
be caused by the increase of certain gases such as carbon dioxide
in the atmosphere;

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-an increase in the Earth’s atmospheric and oceanic temperatures
widely predicted to occur due to an increase in the greenhouse
effect resulting especially from pollution
pollution -the action or process of making land, water, air, etc. dirty and not
safe or suitable to use;
-the action of polluting especially by environmental contamination
with manmade waste
spillage -an occurrence in which something is spilled accidentally;
-the act or process of spilling
explosion -the sudden loud and violent release of energy that happens when
something such as bomb breaks apart in a way that sends parts
flying outward;
-a sudden and very fast increase
petroleum -an oily flammable bituminous liquid but may vary from almost
colorless to black occurs in many places in the upper strata of the
Earth, is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with small amounts
of other substances and is prepared for use as gasoline, naphta, or
other products by various refining processes;

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-a kind of oil that comes below the ground; source of gasoline and
other products
storage -shall refer to the interim containment of solid waste after
generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal
stakeholders -a person, group, organization who affects a community;
-can be affected by organization’s actions project

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CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
According to a book published by Olaniran (1995), health is defined as a state of
equilibrium between humans. It is the physical, biological, and social environment,
compatible with full functional activity, recognizes the interactions and interdependence
of man and the environment in a complex ecosystem. Good health is the desire of every
human as it is the basic determinant of what they can do. The ecological definition of
health as put forward by lust is app and comprehensive.
The protection of human health and environment from the potential hazard arising
from inappropriate waste disposal and its consequential environmental pollution has been
a crusade in human history.
As mentioned by Amoah and Kosoe (2014), proper waste management is
understood as supervised handling of waste materials from source through recovery
processes to disposal. It involves control of generation, storage, collection, transportation,
processing and disposal of waste with the aim of protecting environmental quality,
human health and preservation of natural resources. In addition, it can be differentiated
between solid and liquid waste.
Solid waste refers to non-liquid material that is no longer valuable to the owner as
including rubbish, garbage, trash, or refuse; examples include kitchen waste, paper

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products, rags, plastics, rubber, leather, bone, glass, crockery, pots, sweepings, metal and
old furniture as generated by households, offices, hotels, shopping complexes/shops,
markets, yards, schools, institutions and street cleaning; categorized as
household/domestic, commercial, institutional, industrial and agricultural waste; and,
excluding semisolid waste such as sludge and night-soil (liquid waste) and clinical waste
produced by hospitals.
As argued by Ramachandra (2011), instead of a linear process, sustainable waste
management uses a cyclical process, to manage waste today without jeopardizing the
prospects of future generations; a complete deviation from conventional waste
management approaches towards waste management by seeking stakeholder
participation; and, with the purpose of ensuring environmental quality. Meanwhile, solid
waste management which is done along the lines of a systematic utilization of reducing,
reusing and recycling depends on managerial procedures, practical choices and state-of-
the-art strategies.
On a journal, Lenox and King (2004) found that effective reduction, reusing and
recycling of waste are achieved with the support of relevant equipment and use of
experienced personnel; the reverse is true, lack of equipment for waste crushing or
refining processes derails the process; while, inexperience personnel decreases the
success rate.
ADB Study (2003) stated that each day, every inhabitant living generates an
average of half a kilo of trash. This means 7,000 tons of garbage need to be hauled to the

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landfills every day. This is equivalent to 875 garbage trucks that can carry eight tons
each. With this weight, just imagine the billions of pesos of taxpayers’ money spent to
collect haul and dispose trash. That’s just like literally throwing away good money that
could have been used more productively, like building more schools and hospitals, hiring
more teachers and policemen, and providing more medicines for the poor.
Estimately, P3.8 billion-peso are the total spending for garbage collection. This
translates to P1, 500 per ton of garbage or P10.5 million per day. Over P3.61 billion will
be saved only if recyclables and biodegradables are segregated at source and do not end
up in dumpsites. This translates to cost savings of 95%.
The secret to proper waste management is segregating at source. When discussed
and practiced in every household and establishment, segregating at source will simplify
the barangay’s work in managing waste which will lead to substantial cost of savings.
Recyclable can be sold to junk shops. Biodegradables can be turned into compost
and used in the garden. Residual wastes are hauled off to the dumpsite. Special or toxic
waste also comes from households, hospitals, factories, and other establishments, but
cannot be hauled off to the dumpsites as they require special disposal.
On a study, Peprah et al (2015) cited that wastes are generated by human
activities; the unavoidable outcomes of domestic and/or industrial production; and,
exerting physical, social, economic and political effects on all sectors of society.

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The problem has to do with the quantum of solid waste generated and effective
ways of management; while, the solution lies in the laid down policy or conceptual
framework, configured as ‘3Rs’ or ‘RRR’, that is, ‘reduce, reuse and recycle’; in which,
responsibility is spread across the individual, household members, production firms,
municipal authorities and the private sector.
A. M. Hilburn (2015), in his magazine, quoted that “for the municipal waste
managers, a comprehensive understanding of the ‘3Rs’ model is critical.” Used as
conservation approach, the emphasis is laid on reduction, reusing and recycling of bio-
degradable and non-biodegradable waste; and, providing an environmentally friendly
option to manage waste.
The first R (reduce) involves prevention and reduction of waste. To reduce waste
means to minimize amount of waste generated. Waste reduction could be achieved
through legislation, product design, local programmes to keep recyclables and
compostable from the waste. Waste reduction stresses upon judicious use of resources in
manufacturing.
The second R (reuse) involves secondary and subsequent uses of waste materials
either in part or whole. Reuse of waste is exemplified by trade in second-hand goods:
cloths, electronics, automobiles, furniture and other merchandise. ‘Reuse’ is achieved
through sorting done at source rather than disposal site; and, through detailed processes
of checking, cleaning, refurbishing, repairing whole items or spare parts.

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The third R (recycle) depends on waste materials which cannot be reused directly
but can be converted to new product or raw material through the processes of
transformation.
Providing further support to the ‘3Rs’ policy tool, the national urban policy, inter
alia entreats municipal assemblies to deal specifically with: enforcement of legislation;
regular evaluation of waste producers; choice of technology and engineering options;
creation and use of landfill; observance of environmental protection agency guideline;
public education through various campaigns; capacity enhancement of municipal
authorities; involvement of the private sector in the provision of sanitation; and mapping
of the sources in the municipalities.
Proper waste management is a global concern. While it is generally true, it is a
serious concern of the Local Government of San Juan (SWM, 2015-2025). With the ever-
growing development, burgeoning population and the constituent’s ever reliance on
agriculture, commerce, tourism and industry, tons of wastes are being generated.
The Municipal Government implements Solid Waste Management prior to the
enactment of Republic Act 9003. Wastes collection is done regularly. However, the
disposal method used was an open dump system. In the year 2012, an authority to close
was issued and subsequently rehabilitation and clean-up operation of the existing open
dumpsite was undertaken by the Municipal Local Government.

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There are nine key issues facing the community as identified by different
stakeholders. One of those issues is the lack and inactive community participation. Solid
Waste Management is one of the activities where community participation is the key to
success. A minimum participation of the community is putting the garbage at the street
for collection. However, the community fails to segregate their waste according to its
classification. Bad littering habits, lack of support and public interest in waste
management are also issues facing the community.
The second one is the lack of discipline among waste generator. Dumping off
solid waste in public places (public market, parks and plaza, side streets and lane) and
street corners. The third one is the inadequate law enforcement to waste management.
The Republic Act 9003 was adopted by a local ordinance however due to inadequate
resources, it is not fully implemented.
The fourth issue is the inability of barangay to perform their function due to
inadequate resources and funding. Activation of Barangay Materials Recovery Facility
entails a lot of cost for manpower, equipment and logistics. The fifth one is the
insufficient funds for Solid Waste Management system. It was followed by the
incapacitated SWM personnel, BSWMC, Purok leaders, and Sangguniang barangay
members in terms of SWM.
Another key issue is the ineffective management system. In terms of management
factors, there is no permanent office for the continuity of existing environmental
programs and projects specifically the solid waste management. Inadequate provisions of

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facilities for waste management like the sanitary landfill and acquisition of alternative
technologies. Lack of solid waste management personnel and lack of monitoring and
supervision of all activities associated with waste management, inadequate operation and
maintenance structure for machinery and equipment, proper disposal and handling for
special waste.
The eighth issue is the absence of market for finished product from residual
waste. This includes low marketability of products from residual waste. Other factors
include scarcity of land for waste disposal.
Starting a proper waste management program in the barangay need not be
complicated. The barangay is expected to create a solid waste management committee
where various sectors are represented; draw up a waste management plan; and appoint a
person to oversee operations and compliance. They are also ordained to pass an ordinance
supporting plan; announce a collection schedule in coordination with the LGU, and start a
communications campaign informing the community of segregation and waste pick-up
schedules.
They must also set up a material recovery system (MRS) for recyclable material;
link up with junk dealers and recyclers for the purchase of recyclables; set up a
composting facility or push for backyard composting; and monitor results, enforcement
and compliance.

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In connection to this, a communication campaign should be started. This should
include briefings with homeowners associations, schools and business establishments.
Posters can be put up and information materials such as flyers can be distributed in the
community. The amount of effort should be similar to running an election campaign- it
must be creative, thorough and comprehensive. The materials should communicate with
what the collection schedules are, and the penalties and sanctions for non-compliance.
In the scheme of things, NSWMC (2004) believed that the barangay is in the
middle of everything. Various sectors play distinctive roles and also have duties to fulfil
in proper waste management.
Households are the barangays main “customers.” Segregation begins at this level.
It is crucial for the barangay to teach households on how to segregate their waste
properly. This also applies to households in depressed areas where narrow roads make
garbage collection difficult.
Commercial, institutional, and industrial establishments are heavy producers of
waste. These include restaurants, malls, schools, offices, hospitals, factories, and farms.
The barangay should monitor the compliance of these sectors with the law. They make
good partners in the campaign on waste segregation.
Local government units are responsible for providing a collection system and
appropriate waste disposal facility. LGUs are to collect residual waste and provide

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disposal facilities in accordance with the guidelines set by the National Solid Waste
Management Commission (NSWMC).
Private sector contractors can take care of barangay’s requirements in collection,
transfer, treatment, and disposal of solid waste. They can even fund and run sanitary
landfills, in partnership with the LGU.
Non-government organizations can be a barangay’s dependable partner in raising
people’s awareness on proper waste management. It can also provide technical assistance
to individuals and groups in running grass roots-level activities that are related to waste
management.
The National Government and the agencies under it support LGUs in
implementing the law- its main agency is the NSWMC, an inter-agency body chaired by
the DENR. It was created under RA 9003 to see it that the law is implemented in every
barangay, city, and municipality nationwide.
What the government needs to do is actually covered by what is called “5 Es”-
engineering, education, enforcement, environmental organization, and equity. The 5 Es
are components of Ecological Solid Waste Management.
Engineering covers setting up the support systems, such as the 3rs and
segregation. Education covers information dissemination, education and promotion of the
program. This includes printed materials such as brochures, flyers, posters newsletters as

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well as seminars. Enforcement covers the policy support and guidelines, monitoring,
compliance, sanction, rewards, and incentives.
Meanwhile, environmental organization covers the program’s organization,
administration, and delegation of roles and responsibilities. Equity covers funds sourcing
and generating revenues.
Opara (2003) identified that awareness can be created through mass media and
seminar. It could be through electronic, print and other traditional means of creating
awareness. The protection of human health and environment from the potential hazard
arising from inappropriate waste disposal and its consequential environmental pollution
has been a crusade in human history.
The fact that the essence of waste management is to maintain acceptable
environmental quality, some public health and creation of aesthetic value, the behavioural
pattern and awareness of the people dictates how they treat about the environment, and
then the solution to the problem of indiscriminate refuse dump will be a mirage.
In order to protect human health and environment from the potential hazards
arising from inappropriate waste disposal and its consequential environmental pollution,
a systematically supervised and controlled management of the waste is a necessity
through communication.

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Communication from the perspective of this study goes beyond the mere
provision of information by technical means. Communication as used in this study also
included a way of approaching and explaining processes in society.
Kurtyez (2005) study the role of communication in influencing the adoption of
responsible environmental behaviour. It dates back to early 1990s; the need to manage
the problem of water shortage arose.
It was clear then, that in order to develop methodologies to deal with water
environmental problems, it was necessary to carry along the populace using the
communication perspective. Communication can help individuals to understand the
interaction between resources (natural) and the environment.
Communication in this study through public health awareness, public health
education or promotion, and environmental health discussion are synonymous terms,
which are often used interchangeably. Public health awareness is an intervention, which
may be directed towards helping individuals, or groups realize and maintain healthful
behaviours that are currently practiced. It involves knowledge of the need for personal
hygiene, community hygiene and environmental sanitation.
Akpan cited by Opara (2003) sees public health education (awareness) as a
process with intellectual, psychological, and social dimensions relating to activities which
increase the abilities of people to make informed decisions affecting their personal,

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family and community well-being. This process, based on scientific principles facilitates
learning and behavioural change in people.
Public health awareness promotes change in knowledge, attitude, and behaviour.
The function of public health awareness therefore is to foster the integrity of the
individuals and involves only strategies that promote voluntary change. The focus of
public health education (awareness) is on people and on action.
Awareness is somewhat broad and vague term yet one that is intuitively widely
stood. All awareness-campaigns aim to influence behaviour and hence, they are useful to
understand how communication influences behaviour. In awareness campaign, policy
makers and other interested groups aim for behavioural changes based on new social
norms and attitude towards a particular course.
Awareness influences people’s attitude. A person’s attitude describes the way he
or she thinks about a proposed behaviour and its usefulness the essence of public health
awareness about the health implication of indiscriminate refuse dump.
Public awareness can be seen as a process by which a community strives to
acknowledge the existence of an issue. It constitutes the preliminary phase of political or
social change. It is the first step in facing public issue. Change, which results from public
awareness could be significant or minor, with general or specific impact.
Raising public awareness level about health implication of indiscriminate refuse
dump is a way of educating the public. This will make people to see the need for safe

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disposal of refuse. Public awareness is all about the demand for change. Awareness and
being motivated to change are essential in participatory interventions. Participation is
based on the idea that people have the right to be involved in issues concerning them.
Raising awareness and education can help stimulate active and informed
involvement. Indiscriminate refuse dump must be abated and collaborative effort must be
designated. The importance of social norms and attitudes in the management of refuse
must be recognized. The main thrusts of awareness rising in these regards are to
positively influence individual’s values, attitudes and behaviours towards a cleaner
environment.
In sanitation and hygiene sector, awareness of hygiene is considered a necessary
complement to various methods of waste management and its technologies. Without an
understanding of hygiene-related issues, the use of safe sanitary facilities including
municipal refuse receptacles is likely to be suboptimal. Public health awareness raising
can also help create social pressure on government to provide more municipal refuse
receptacle: more well managed dumping sites: build more modern incinerators; and
ensure prompt clearance of refuse from the municipal refuse receptacles.
Raising public health awareness today will help in building a more waste aware
building generation. Since school children todays will be leaders and adults of tomorrow,
it is wiser to make waste management and invariably environmental education to be part
of their school curricular.

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World Bank states that for changed in environmental management systems to
occur, there must be awareness of both the need and the opportunity for changed.
Initiatives to raise public health awareness should focus on the desirability of clean
environment and the health impact of indiscriminate refuse dump and the direction to
follow.
According to the legal framework prepared by the Municipal Solid Waste
Management Board Technical Working Group and Municipal Environment and Natural
Resources Office (2015-2025), the community members are motivated to participate in
the program through various mechanisms. The stakeholders were invited in several
workshops for the management plan. Public hearings were also conducted through the
Barangay Assembly to present the plan.
The intensive mass information drive has also encouraged the community
members to be well informed and cooperation is achieved on matters of Solid Waste
Management.
A continuous information and education campaign is one of the strengths in the
implementation of RA 9003 and other environmental laws and ordinances. Through this
activity, environmental awareness is highly promoted accompanied by action among
citizens. All sectors will be targeted on a scheduled basis. Meetings shall be conducted
per sector. Establishment of MRFs within the schools will also be required to ensure that
wastes are recovered and properly managed. This will also increase the diversion rate of
the municipality (SWM 2015-2025).

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2.1 Conceptual Framework
FIGURE 1: CONCEPTUAL PARADIGM
INPUT
 Lack of education
 Poor equipment
 Lack of public awareness
 Negligence of Duty
 Inadequate Trained Personnel
 Insufficient implementation instructions
 Increasing population
 Poor enforcement of waste management regulation
 Lack and inactive community participation
 Lack of discipline
POOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
PROCESS OUTPUT
Survey and interview Seminar and training
to determine the solutions to raise people’s awareness
needed to defy poor waste in proper waste management
management

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The conceptual paradigm shown above presents the assumptions of the
researchers. Based on the Solid Waste Management Plan of LGU-San Juan (2015-2025),
lack of education, poor equipment, lack of public awareness, negligence of duty,
inadequate trained personnel, insufficient implementation instructions, increasing
population, poor enforcement of waste management regulation, lack and inactive
community participation, and lack of discipline are the key issues to address as identified
by the stakeholders. Most of the issues talked about the lack of awareness of the
individuals. Thus, the researchers conducted survey and interview to determine the
solutions needed to defy poor waste management.
The gathered results and findings pointed out that seminar and training are
making the first step to raise people’s awareness on proper waste management.

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CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY
3.1 Research Design
The purpose of the study is to strengthen people’s awareness on waste
management through seminar and training in Sitio Tagurtor Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas.
The descriptive design of research, through a qualitative method, was utilized in this
study since it focused on the present condition and involved evaluating behaviour to
gather information needed to serve its purpose. Descriptive research primarily concerns
with describing the present condition. The truth may have different forms such as
increased quantity knowledge, a new generalization or a new law, an increased insight
unto factors which are operating the discovery of new causal relationship, a more
accurate formulation of the problem to be solved and many others.
3.2 Research Locale
The survey was designated to Sitio Tagurtor Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas- a
certain barangay in San Juan which further experienced waste management conflicts and
known to have variation when it comes to the stability of the community. However, the
research project, seminar and training, was conducted in the barangay chapel in Sitio
Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas.

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3.3 Respondents of the Study
The subject in this research project encompassed the members of Sitio Tagurtor
Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas. One of the objectives is to intensify the possible results of
proper waste management. Specifically, in the area of their development, the problem as
a point of reference has a big involvement to the betterment of the community. The
respondents were 20 parents, 5 barangay officials, and 5 barangay health workers with a
total of 30 respondents ranging from the age of 25 and below, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55 and 56
and above years old. The researchers also decided to interview two officials from
Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office (MENRO). They were
familiarized of the factors available to assist them on sufficiently defying waste
management conflicts.
3.4 Research Instruments
A survey and interview was utilized as its research instrument in data gathering.
The instrument was given before the execution of the program. The questionnaire
answered the background information about the respondents and their communal
behaviour on waste management. The retrieval of the questionnaire and the accurate
tabulation of data were the basis for the treatment of the statements. To enrich the
content, the researchers also interviewed two officials from Municipal Environment and
Natural Resources Office (MENRO). The researchers also formulated an evaluation form
on the basis of the program’s effectiveness. It was given and consolidated only after the
implementation of the proposed project.

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3.5 Data Collection Procedure
Before the execution of the research project, the researchers decided to do the
following measures:
Construction of the topic. The researchers tried to be specific in their area of
interest such as social services. They had a brainstorming of the topic which was
forwarded to their advisers for some comments and suggestions.
Validation of the research paper. In order to achieve the proposed project, the
researchers tackled the problem or case, reasons for the existence of the topic and its
importance. Since San Juan is facing broad challenges, the researchers evaluated the
content validity of research paper, pre-assisted for correction and recommendation. All
the comments were taken and incorporated and is made ready for distribution.
Construction of the proposed program or project. The researchers finalized the
proposed project before doing tangible output. The researchers believed that it will take
time and will consume lots of efforts if there is withhold within the proposed project. To
establish cogency and credibility, the researchers seek the approval of their adviser.
Administration of the proposed program or project. The researchers
acknowledged the permission of all that is involved in the study. To be précised, they
personally asked for the approval of the barangay personnel so they will also be
acquainted of the go-throughs.

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3.6 Data Analysis Procedure
The first draft of the questionnaire was presented to the adviser for the corrections
and suggestions. After that, the second draft was made considering the corrections and
suggestions of the adviser.
The researchers sought for the assistance of the experts for the validation of the
questionnaire. The researchers believed that their comments, suggestions and
recommendations were worthy to be considered in the data analysis. The researchers
retrieved the accomplished copies of the questionnaires to the respondents. The responses
were tallied, tabulated, analysed, and interpreted base on the items found in the
questionnaire. The researchers gathered information through convenient sampling
technique wherein all individuals in the sample answered voluntarily.
The result were examined through the following statistical tools:
Frequency. This was used to determine the number of the respondents according
to their profile (age, sex, etc.).
Percentage. This was used to determine the percentage of the respondents who
answered the statements respectively on the choices provided.
Ranking. This was used to determine what statement is most pressing for the
respondents.

29
CHAPTER FOUR
FINDINGS, ANALYSIS, AND CONCLUSIONS
Findings
The answers of a total number of 30 respondents and two interviewees
were found accountable and usable for data analysis. The items and responses were
grouped on their relevance and relatedness to each of the research question under
examination.
A. Demographic Profile
TABLE 1: GENDER
Demographic Characteristics No %
Gender Male 3 10%
Female 27 90%
The data from the demographic section yielded information about the
respondent’s demographic characteristics (Table 1) above. Majority of the respondents
were females (90%) while others were males (10%). This implies that a reasonable
number of waste managers at the household levels are females. It has been proven that
women demonstrated greater enthusiasm in environmental issues than men.

30
TABLE 2: MARITAL STATUS
Marital Status Single 4 13.33%
Married 25 83.33%
Widowed 1 3.33%
Majority of the respondents were married (83.33%) while others are single
(13.33%) and widowed (3.33%). This indicates that most of the active citizens in Sitio
Tagurtor are family heads. This suggests that family heads are more functional as
compared with the other members of the community.

31
TABLE 3: AGE
Age 25-below 1 3.33%
26-35 7 23.33%
36-45 9 30%
46-55 5 16.67%
56-above 8 26.67%
Majority of the respondents were in the age ranging from 36-45 (30%) while
others are ranging below 25 (3.33%), 26-35 (23.33%), 46-55 (16.67%), and 56 and above
(26.67%). Invariably, that may be the reason why many respondents were married and
only few are single and widowed.

32
TABLE 4: OCCUPATION
Occupation Barangay health workers 5 16.67%
Barangay counsellors/officials 5 16.67%
Vendors 2 6.67%
Construction Workers 2 6.67%
Housewife 2 6.67%
Saleslady 2 6.67%
Others 12 40%
Most of the respondents are barangay health workers (17%), barangay counsellors
and officials (17%), vendors (6.67%), construction workers (6.67%), housewife (6.67%),
and saleslady (6.67%). Meanwhile, some have not written their occupations (40%).

33
B. Waste Management
TABLE 5: WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Waste Management System Mean % Rank
Recycling 71 15.78% 5
Re-use 80 17.78% 4
Composting 92 20.44% 3
IEC 100 22.22% 2
Enforcement 107 23.78% 1
When the respondents were asked specifically to indicate accordingly the types of
waste management systems according to its level of exposure in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan,
San Juan, Batangas, their responses are presented in Table 5.
Interestingly, enforcement (23.78%) was highly rated while IEC or acceptance
and resistance towards implementation (22.22%) and composting (20.44%) were rated
second and third respectively.
The enforcement of the proper waste management in the municipality indicates
that the people are aware of the implications of current indiscriminate waste disposal in
their environment.

34
However, re-using (17.78%) and recycling (15.78%) are not much manifesting in
the community.

35
C. Causes of Poor Waste Management
TABLE 6: KEY ISSUES TO ADDRESS
Items Mean % Rank
Lack of proper education by people 147 8.9% 10
Poor equipment 182 11.03% 1
Lack of adequate awareness on the part of 172 10.42% 4
the public on management of wastes
Negligence of Duty 168 10.18% 8
Inadequate trained personnel 163 9.88% 5
Insufficient implementation instructions 157 9.52% 6
Increasing population 174 10.55% 3
Poor enforcement of the waste management 154 9.33% 9
regulation
Lack and inactive community participation 177 10.73% 2
Lack of discipline among waste generator 156 9.45% 7

36
The table above shows the factors that contribute to poor waste management.
Poor equipment (11.03%) and lack and inactive community participation (10.73%) were
rated first and second respectively.
It was followed by the increasing population (10.55%), lack of adequate
awareness on the part of the public on management of wastes (10.42%), inadequate
trained personnel (9.88%), insufficient implementation instructions (9.52%), lack of
discipline among waste generator (9.45%), negligence of duty (10.18%), poor
enforcement of the waste management regulation (9.33%), and lack of proper education
by people (8.9%).
D. Factors Militating the Level of Efficiency of Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San
Juan, Batangas in terms of Waste Disposal
When the interviewees were asked to precisely state the major factors militating
against the level of efficiency of Sitio Tagurtor in terms of waste disposal, they reveal the
following descriptions:
1. Lack of sustainability of public utilities
2. Poor funding
3. Poor strategies for raising environmental awareness
4. The monitoring team and garbage collector are not consistently vising the site,
which causes improper control of waste disposal.

37
5. Because of the absence of garbage collector, no one is being punished by the
regulation in Sitio Tagurtor.
E. Government’s Efforts in Creating Awareness of Proper Waste Management
The interviewees confirmed the statement that solid waste management causes
danger in public health and aggravate environmental degradation. In relation with these,
there are efforts and measures provided by the government that will create awareness of
proper waste management. These are the following:
 Source reduction and segregation
Involvement of various stakeholders in the full implementation of existing
ordinances related to segregation at source composting of waste reduction will be
a key to achieve the goals of the plan.
 Collection and Transport
Intensification of the cost recovery mechanism for solid waste management
system through imposition of fees from garbage collection to widen the service
collection area
 Storage, Processing, and Recovery
Upgrading of the alternative technologies in the existing CMRF is required.
Capacitating the key leaders in solid waste management is also essential in this
endeavour and sharing of best practices of other local government unit an
strengthen its implementation.
 Final Disposal

38
Strengthen linkages or partnerships with different stakeholders, with private
sector, national government agencies, and other local agencies.
F. Impact of Seminar and Training
1. I learned the implications of indiscriminate waste disposal to my environment.
STATEMENT NO. 1
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that seminar and training helped them learn
the implications of indiscriminate waste disposal to my environment.
2. There is an increase level of efficiency in the control and management of waste.

39
STATEMENT NO. 2
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, there is an
increased level of efficiency in the control and management of waste.
3. There is an upsurge desire of engagement between the residents and local officials for
the improvement of the community environmental services.
STATEMENT NO. 3
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0

40
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, there is an
upsurge desire of engagement between the residents and local officials for the
improvement of the community environmental services.
4. I became knowledgeable of my responsibilities and accountabilities as a citizen of
Lipahan.
STATEMENT NO. 4
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, they
became knowledgeable of their responsibilities and accountabilities as a citizen of
Lipahan.

41
5. I understand the causes and prevalence of environmental problems due to poor waste
management.
STATEMENT NO. 5
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, they
understand the causes and prevalence of environmental problems due to poor waste
management.
6. I was able to update myself to the current events in my area.
STATEMENT NO. 6
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0

42
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, they were
able to update themselves on the current events in their area
7. I have better knowledge upon which to base my decision/s and action/s in the practice
setting.
STATEMENT NO. 7
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, they have
better knowledge upon which to base their decision/s and action/s in the practice setting.

43
8. I am reconsidering my views towards the topic/s presented.
STATEMENT NO. 8
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that through seminar and training, they are
reconsidering their views towards the topic/s presented.
9. I can foresee the impact of this training in my community.
STATEMENT NO. 9
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that they can foresee the impact of this
training in their community.

44
10. The training was appropriate, and I am decided to my own views after the confab of
the topic.
STATEMENT NO. 10
Cumulative
Valid 2.00 30 100.0 100.0 100.0
Out of 30 respondents, 100% agreed that the training was appropriate, and they
are decided to their own views after the confab of the topic.

45
TABLE 7: IMPACT OF SEMINAR AND TRAINING
Questions Frequency % Ranking
1. I learned the implications of 30
indiscriminate waste disposal to my

Ranking not
environment.
recommendable
as all the
questions
2. There is an increase level of 30
recorded 100%
efficiency in the control and
rate.
management of waste.
3. There is an upsurge desire of 30
engagement between the residents
and local officials for the
improvement of the community
environmental services.

46
4. I became knowledgeable of my 30
responsibilities and accountabilities
as a citizen of Lipahan.
Ranking not
recommendable
5. I understand the causes and 30 as all the
prevalence of environmental questions
problems due to poor waste recorded 100%
management. rate.
6. I was able to update myself to the 30
current events in my area.
7. I have better knowledge upon 30
which to base my decision/s and
action/s in the practice setting.
8. I am reconsidering my views 30
towards the topic/s presented.

Ranking not

47
recommendable
as all the
9. I can foresee the impact of this 30
questions
training in my community.
recorded 100%
rate.
10. The training was appropriate, and I 30
am decided to my own views after
the confab of the topic.
Generally, the respondents had positive reviews about the seminar and training.
They had improved knowledge on their responsibilities to the community and renewed
engagement between other residents for the improvement of their environment. The
training generally made a positive impact on the implementation of environmental
protection, sanitation, and maintenance objectives.

48
Discussion
The purpose of the study is to raise people’s awareness on proper waste
management through seminar and training in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan,
Batangas. The study has become necessary because deposition of wastes has become a
crucial task facing the local government and residents in Sitio Tagurtor. This study
assessed the attitudes and actions of the citizenry with respect to proper waste
management. In Sitio Tagurtor, the presence of waste has become a common feature due
to poor equipment and lack and inactive community participation.
In view of the above, the study was designed to assess the behavioural pattern and
factors affecting waste management in order to form an effective strategy on raising
people’s awareness.
Relevant issues were examined and discussed. Research questions were
formulated and tested. Review of the existing body of knowledge on the topic was
related. Related literature discussing about integrated waste management plan, key issues
to address, relationship between sectors and the barangays were reviewed.
Survey method of research was adopted. The researchers also interview two
respondents known in the field of environmental management in order to validate the
given information.
Frequency, percentage and ranking were the statistical tools used for the analysis
of data. These tools provided the basis for the decision to reject and accept the items that

49
answer the research questions. And based on the results, the following are some of the
findings of this study:
When the residents of Sitio Tagurtor were asked to specify the types of waste
management system in the list presented to them, their responses are as presented in
Table 5. Remarkably, enforcement ranked first while IEC or acceptance and resistance
towards implementation and composting were ranked second and third respectively. This
finding is consistent with the work of A.M. Hilburn (2015). Enforcement “covers the
policy support and guidelines, monitoring, compliance, sanction, rewards, and
incentives.” Thus, the number of respondents indicating that they are aware of the waste
management system in their environment is a clear indication of the existence of such
problems.
Meanwhile, Table 6 revealed a lot of factors that contribute to the level of
efficiency in the control and management of waste in Sitio Tagurtor. Based on the
respondents, poor equipment, highly rated, is a major factor. This statement links to the
answer of the interviewees. Both contribute to the case, they reveal that poor equipment
is due to lack of sustainability of public utilities and poor funding. To be successful,
every waste management needs funding.
Lack and inactive community participation is another significant reason identified
by the residents. This is in line with the finding of SWM (2015-2025) that a minimum
participation of the community “is putting their community at stake”.

50
Essentially, one factor affecting the indiscriminate waste disposal is due to
inadequate trained personnel. Authority increasingly finds it difficult to manage and
perform its functions thereby turning residents into lacking of adequate awareness on the
management of wastes.
Increasing population is multifaceted. Houses are most closely built than before,
which has been resulted in the dumping of wastes on the streets. Due to this factor, lack
of discipline among waste generator, another exhibiting factor, arises. This is in relation
with Opara (2003) suggesting that “in order to protect human health and environment
from the potential hazards arising from inappropriate waste disposal and its consequential
environmental pollution, a systematically supervised and controlled management of the
waste is a necessity through communication.”
However, poor enforcement of the waste management regulation and lack of
proper education by people are least manifesting in Sitio Tagurtor.
The inhabitants of Sitio Tagurtor believed that the researchers’ techniques and
methods, seminar and training specifically, are making a significant impact in awareness
creation of proper waste management. However, much effort is barely needed for the full
intensification of awareness. To indicate accordingly, the result is presented in Table 1 to
Table 4 and Statement No.1 to Statement No. 10.
Prominently based on Table 1 to Table 4, majority of the adults, specifically
females, do reasonable waste managers at household levels. As stated also with regards to

51
culturally inherited gender role stereotypes, this entails the statement of NSWMC (2004)
that “various sectors play distinctive roles and also have duties to fulfil in proper waste
management.” This implies that every individual, male and female, has a role to play in
their community.
Exceptionally, lack of proper education by people was rated as second to the least
serious problem encountered by Sitio Tagurtor. This means that the residents are willing
to learn and recognize the health implications of indiscriminate waste disposal.
Meanwhile, all of the respondents show that they are mindful of the effects of
indiscriminate waste disposal. However, more strategies and plans are required to create a
meaningful impact on the behaviour of the people.
Based on the responses in Table 6, lack and inactive community participation was
rated second to the most serious factors restricting proper waste management. This
implies that promoting effective waste management through community engagement is of
necessity. For this cause, the researchers interview two officials from the local
government unit and there were proposed environmental options promoting waste
management.
The environmentalist and policy makers suggested initiating waste appraisal. The
LGU and representatives of each barangay should first determine the profile waste in the
city or municipality using a list of buyers and residuals generated. They should identify
the problems related to social, cultural, political, and economic issues, and find out how

52
each barangay practices solid waste management. The LGU and citizens must also build
a consensus. With the help of workshop facilitator, local leaders and citizens should agree
on a vision, strategies and first steps to address the problems. From this workshop, the
LGU must be able to come up with consolidated lists that could be used for composts,
recyclables, and residual waste management.
Multi-stakeholder must plan and organize, set standards, objectives and targets,
actions plans, and budgets. This must result in doable actions for managing compost,
recyclable and residual waste. Assign key people with corresponding roles and
responsibilities that are time-bound and come up with a list of recyclable buyers not
residuals. They must also be able for the implementation of doable.
The LGU should carry out designated roles, and enact policies to support program
objectives. It should promote the three Rs (recycling, reuse, reduction) through
information and education campaign materials. Aside from that, they ought to monitor
citizen’s compliance. The barangay council and a multi-sectorial community of
volunteers must update validates sitio/purok maps and the recyclable and residual lists
and conduct appraisals.
The appraisal should determine: the number of households complying with RA
9003, the volume of segregated waste collected in a given time, recycling efforts being
made, and waste reduction schemes; update map lists and have them validated by the
community to increase public participation and support.

53
People’s awareness on proper waste management could be heightened by
coercion of policy makers, government officials, parents and students. This stresses the
vital roles of education in safeguarding the public awareness and promoting
environmental quality since the two of them are intertwined. Based on the responses of
the interviewees, individuals should see it as a part of their civic responsibility to begin
waste management practices. While there is a need to intensify awareness, students must
influence their parents and parents their children in complying with simple waste
management habits.
As for the part of the researchers, the interviewees suggested the following:
• Promotion of proper waste management in school- taking situational factors into
consideration, the researchers must share the information about the effects of
inappropriate waste management
• Promoting effective waste management practices in their locality- the researchers
must take part to their community projects such as clean up drive to measure the progress
of waste management in their area.
• Initiate an activity that would promote proper waste management- the
interviewees agreed that seminar and training are both making the first step to start proper
waste management.

54
Conclusions
Inappropriate management of wastes has always been a problem of the
environment. Many are being affected by the consequences they make. Because of the
improper administration of waste, different diseases occur that lead to society’s poor
health consent.
With this, raising people’s awareness on proper waste management became the
solution. By means of this it enlightens the mind of the people towards proper
Seminar and training serves as the tool to raise people’s awareness on proper
waste management. This tackled the citizens about the implication of indiscriminate
waste disposal to the environment.
Through the help of seminar and training, the citizens become knowledgeable
enough on their responsibilities and accountabilities. Based on their evaluation, there is
an increase level of efficiency in the control and management of waste. Aside from this,
there is an upsurge desire of engagement between the residents and local officials for the
improvement of the community environmental services.
On the other hand, they were able to update themselves to the current events in
their area. They have better knowledge upon which to base their decisions and actions in
the practice setting. For this reason, they are reconsidering the views towards the topic

55
presented by the researchers. They can also foresee the impact of this training in their
community. Overall, the seminar and training was appropriate.

56
CHAPTER FIVE
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary
The purpose of the study is to raise people’s awareness on proper waste
management through seminar and training in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan,
Batangas. Specifically, it sought answers to the following problems: (1) whether the
inhabitants of Sitio Tagurtor are aware of the implications of current indiscriminate waste
disposal in their environment; (2) their level of efficiency in the control and management
of waste; (3) whether the techniques/methods used by the researchers are adequately
creating awareness; (4) various ways the environmentalist/ policy makers could help in
changing human behaviour and responses to environmental options that will promote
waste management; (5) and various ways the researchers could help in changing human
behaviour and responses to environmental options that will promote waste management.
Research Question 1
Do the inhabitants of Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas are aware of
the implications of current indiscriminate waste disposal in their environment?
The residents of Sitio Tagurtor are aware of the consequences of current
indiscriminate waste disposal in their environment. The number of respondents indicating
that they are aware of the effects of waste in their environment is a clear indication of the
existence of such problems.

57
Research Question 2
What is the level of efficiency in the control and management of waste in Sitio
Tagurtor?
There is a poor strategy for raising environmental awareness. The monitoring
team and garbage collector are not consistently vising the site, which causes improper
control of waste disposal. Because of the absence of garbage collector, no one is being
punished by the regulation in Sitio Tagurtor. Those to be successful, every proper waste
management plan or program need to sustain public utilities and funding in order to fulfil
poor equipment. Meanwhile, a new strategy must be utilized to defy inactive community
participation
Research Question 3
Are the techniques/methods used by the researchers adequately creating
awareness about the health implications of indiscriminate waste disposal in Lipahan, San
Juan, Batangas?
Adequate public enlightenment will prevent the problem of indiscriminate waste
disposal in Sitio Tagurtor and promoting effective environmental sanitation through
communicating responsible environmental behaviour is of necessity. In order to promote
waste management, awareness must be increased, and coercion between government,
parents and students must be practiced.

58
Seminar and training are making the first step on raising awareness in Sitio
Tagurtor. Significant purposes were achieved, but additional monitoring and sustained
program over a longer time is necessary.
Research Question 4
What ways could the environmentalist/ policy makers help in changing human
behaviour and responses to environmental options that will promote waste management?
 The LGU and citizens must also build a consensus.
 The environmentalist and policy makers suggested initiating waste appraisal.
 Multi-stakeholder must plan and organize, set standards, objectives and targets,
actions plans, and budgets.
 The LGU should carry out designated roles, and enact policies to support program
objectives.
 The appraisal should determine: the number of households complying with RA
9003, the volume of segregated waste collected in a given time, recycling efforts being
made, and waste reduction schemes; update map lists and have them validated by the
community to increase public participation and support.
Research Question 5
What are the ways the researchers could help in changing human behaviour and
responses to environmental options that will promote waste management?
 Promotion of proper waste management in school

59
Taking situational factors into consideration, the researchers must share the information
about the effects of inappropriate waste management
 Promoting effective waste management practices in their locality
The researchers must take part to their community projects such as clean up drive to
measure the progress of waste management in their area.
 Initiate an activity that would promote proper waste management
The interviewees agreed that seminar and training are both making the first step to start
proper waste management.

60
Recommendations
1. Seminar and training can help the citizens to become knowledgeable and well-
trained towards proper waste management. It will also help them to become aware
on the things to do in reducing and managing different wastes.
2. This research recommends the barangay officials to consistently conduct a
program on proper waste management. It is advantageous to their side since it will
help them to evaluate if their plans are really effective and accommodating to the
people as well as to their community. In addition, it will let them know if there is
something they need to improve towards the said issue.
3. The students must be able to know this topic since they are the so-called today’s
generation or the millennial per se. They are the ones who will profit to the
environment someday. Aside from that, they have a large influence to the whole
community, especially global. They are more capable in spreading and
disseminating information. Likewise, they were the ones who always used social
media. With this, they can spread the information they have towards proper waste
management through the use of social media sites.
4. This research is also recommended to the different organizations that are
responsible in creating public awareness. Participating in community service in
their various localities is necessary in making the environment clean as they go
along in creating awareness in the locality.
5. This research paper is also recommended to the local government especially to the
department that is assigned in environmental management. Through this, they can

61
have an idea to formulate new rules and regulations to be implemented to the
community. It will serve as their guidelines on how they are going to make an
effective policy. This paper will be a great help to the department who is assigned
in environmental management.

62
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
ADB Study (2003). Metro Manila Solid Waste Management Project (TA3848-PHI).
Republic of the Philippines: Department of Environment and Natural Resources and
Asian Development Bank, revised.
Kurtyez, A (2005). Understanding Environmental Behaviour Change Through
Communication: A New Perspective of Environmental Education. Int. J. Environment
and Sustainable Development.
Olaniran, N. S. (1995). Environment and Health: Introduction. In Olaniran, N.S, Akpan,
E.A., Ikpeme, E.E., Udofia, G.A. (eds) Environment and Health. Lagos: Mac Millan
Nigeria Publisher.
Ramachandra, T. V. (2011). Integrated Management of Municipal Solid Waste. In: S.R.
Garg, (Ed.), Environmental Security: Human and Animal Health. India: IBDC
Publishers.

63
e-book from an e-reader
Peprah, K. (2015). World Environment [PDF Version]. Retrieved from DOI:
10.5923/j.env.20150503.03.
Magazine article in print
Hilburn, A.M. (2015). Participatory Risk Mapping Of Garbage-Related Issues In A Rural
Mexican Municipality. Geographical Review 105 (7) 41-60.
(2005). Ecological Solid Waste Management in Theory and Practice. A publication of
the Zero Waste Recycling Movement of the Philippines Foundation, Inc.
Journals
Amoah, S.T. and Kosoe, E.A. (2014) Solid Waste Management in Urban Areas of
Ghana: Issues and Experiences from Wa. Journal of Environment Pollution and Human
Health (2) 110-117.
Lenox, M. and King, A. (2004) Prospects for Developing Absorptive Capacity through
Internal Information Provision. Strategic Management Journal (25) 331-345.

64
Opara, J.A. (2003). Fertilizer Usage and Its Effects on Environmental Health: Issues and
Challenges. Journal of Environmental Management and Education 1 (1), pp. 103-110.
Others:
Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan (2015-2025). San Juan, Batangas :LGU-San
Juan.
Republic Act 9003: The Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and its
Implementing Rules and Regulations

65
APPENDICES

66
QUESTIONNAIRE
Enviro Discussion for Today’s Generation:
Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management through Seminar and
Training in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas
Direction: Kindly answer the following to the best of your ability with the needed
information, rest assured that your responses will be kept with confidentiality.
Name (Optional): Gender:
Marital Status: Age:
Occupation:
B. Waste Management
Arrange the following waste management system/s according to its level of
exposure in the community, 1 being the least applicable and 5 being the most
applicable.
( ) Recycling (pagreresiklo ng mga basura)
( ) Re-use (muling paggamit ng mga basurang pwede pang mapakinabangan)

67
( ) Composting (pag-aabono o paggamit ng nabubulok na basura bilang pataba)
( ) IEC (pagtanggap at pakikiisa sa implementasyon)
( ) Enforcement (pagtanggap at pakikiisa sa mga ordinansa ng lokal na
pamahalaan)
C. Causes of Poor Waste Management
On the list indicated, arrange the following factors that contribute to poor waste
management, 1 being the least serious and 10 being the most serious case.
( ) Lack of proper education by people (kakulangan sa edukasyon)
( ) Poor equipment (kakaunti ang kagamitan)
( ) Lack of adequate awareness on the part of the public on management of wastes
(walang sapat na kaalaman sa tamang pagkontrol ng basura)
( ) Negligence of Duty
(kawalan ng tungkulin)
( ) Inadequate trained personnel
(hindi sapat ang mga bihasang kawani)
( ) Insufficient implementation instructions
(hindi sapat ang implementasyon)
( ) Increasing population
(pagtaas ng populasyon)
( ) Poor enforcement of the waste management regulation

68
(mababa ang antas ng pagpapatupad ng mga regulasyon ukol sa pagkontrol ng
basura)
( ) Lack and inactive community participation
(hindi garantiya ang pakikilahok ng mga mamamayan sa mga gawaing
pangkapaligiran)
( ) Lack of discipline among waste generator
(kakulangan sa disiplina)

69
EVALUATION FORM
Enviro Discussion for Today’s Generation:
Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management through Seminar and
Training in Sitio Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas
Direction: Kindly answer the following to the best of your ability with the needed
information, rest assured that your responses will be kept with confidentiality.
Name (Optional):
B. Seminar
Please choose what best defines your experience in the seminar by putting a check
mark (/) on a scale 1-5. 5 being the excellent and 1 if it needs improvement.
5- Excellent
4- Very Good
3- Good
2- Poor
1- Needs Improvement

70
5 4 3 2 1
Program Content
Speaker
Accommodation
Information Imparted
C. Training
Put a check mark (/) to indicate your level of agreement or disagreement with the
degree to which environmental objectives were met after the training.
AGREE DISAGREE
1. I learned the implications of indiscriminate waste disposal to
my environment.
(Naging malinaw sa akin ang implikasyon ng tamang
segregasyon ng basura sa kalagayan ng aking kapaligiran)
2. There is an increase level of efficiency in the control and

71
(Nadagdagan ang lebel ng kaayusan sa pagkokontrol at
administrasyon ng mga basura)
3. There is an upsurge desire of engagement between the
residents and local officials for the improvement of the
community environmental services.
(Nalaman ko ang mithiin ng mga lokal na lider at opisyal na
mapabuti at paghusayin ang aming komunidad sa
pamamagitan ng karanasang ito)
4. I became knowledgeable of my responsibilities and
accountabilities as a citizen of Lipahan.
(Nagkaroon ng kamalayan sa aking responsibilidad at
pananagutan bilang mamamayan ng Lipahan)
5. I understand the causes and prevalence of environmental
problems due to poor waste management.
(Naunawaan ko ang mga sanhi at pagkalat ng iba’t-ibang
problemang pangkapaligiran dahil sa kakulangan ng
organisadong pagkontrol ng basura)
6. I was able to update myself to the current events in my area.
(Nakikiisa ako sa mga bagong pangyayari sa aking
komunidad)

72
7. I have better knowledge upon which to base my decision/s and
action/s in the practice setting.
(Dahil sa aking mga natutunan, mas napalawak ko ang aking
perspektibo pagdating sa mga desisyon at mga kilos na aking
gagawin)
8. I am reconsidering my views towards the topic/s presented.
(Nagbago ang aking pananaw sa komunidad matapos ang
naganap na programa)
9. I can foresee the impact of this training in my community.
(Naniniwala akong malaki ang magiging tulong ng
programang ito sa pag-unlad ng aking bayan)
10. The training was appropriate, and I am decided to my own
views after the confab of the topic.
(Angkop ang isinagawang seminar at training sa
napapanahong isyu sa bansa. Gayundin, nag-iwan ito sa akin
ng positibong pananaw)
Overall I would rate this seminar and training as:
( ) Excellent
( ) Very Good
( ) Good
( ) Poor

73

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CHAPTER ONE

liquid on a daily basis. While it is truly manifesting, everyone is in a position to make a

difference in their environment.

proper segregation, collection, storage, treatment and processing towards a waste-free

According to the legislation, the government is able to institutionalize a national

community stability and intensify citizens’ responsibility in waste management is

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

In accordance with this, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources

patience to get it done.

Thus, people need to be acquainted of the implications of their actions on the

environment, most especially that those may affect their health.

objectives of strengthening partnership among stakeholders in the public and private

sectors, seminar and training in a form of discussion on waste management could be

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

heed in such objective of raising awareness on proper waste management in Sitio

Tagurtor, Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas. As aforementioned, a qualitative approach will be

1.1.1 General Problem

The collection of refuse is irregular and inefficient in Sitio Tagurtor, especially it

public in the school and out-of-school through seminar and training.

1.1.2 Specific Problem

The study aims to:

current indiscriminate waste disposal in their environment;

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

adequately creating awareness about the health implications of indiscriminate

waste disposal in Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas;

and responses to environmental options that will promote waste management

1.2 Significance of the Study

believed that the study would be beneficial to the people below:

contribution to the progress and wellbeing of the community.

of eco-life on the development of their community.

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

To the researchers. They themselves would understand the relationship of waste

environment in the school as an institution.

1.3 Scope and Delimitations of the Study

This study focused on raising people’s awareness on proper waste management

delimited to the waste management in Sitio Tagurtor. It is intended to investigate the

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

Resources Office (MENRO). This will be an avenue to determine how waste

management can prevent the social conflicts in their locality.

Tagurtor Lipahan, San Juan, Batangas.

1.4 Definition of Terms

awareness -having or showing realization, perception, or knowledge;

-public health education that promotes change in knowledge,

attitude, and behaviour

biodegradable -any material that can be reduced into finer particles;

-degraded or decomposed by microbiological enzymes

cleanliness -the state of being free from pollution or other dangerous

Raising People’s Awareness on Proper Waste Management

collection -act of removing solid waste from the source;

-act of removing solid waste from a communal storage point

communication -the way of sending information to people;

-a process by which information is exchanged between individuals

through a platform, medium;

-an example is seminar or training program.

disposal -shall refer to the discharge, deposit, dumping and leaking;

-placing of solid waste into or any in land

is not stronger or greater than the other;

-a state of emotional balance or calmness

ecosystem -everything that exists in a particular environment;