ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS ER sa Sr (A) Main Concepts and Results An arithmetic progression (AP) is a list of numbers in which each term is obtained by adding a fixed number d to the preceding term, except the first term a. The fixed number d is called its common difference. The general form of an APis a, a +d, a+ 2d,a + 3d... In the list of numbers @,, dy, dy... if the differences a, —a,, a, ~ ay 4, ~ 4, give the same value, i ~a, is the same for different values of k, then the given list of numbers is an AP. The n' term a, (or the general term) of an AP is a, =a + (n—1)d, where a is the first term and d is the common difference. Note that a,=a. The sum §, of the first 2 terms of an APis given by Je Batn-Dal If / is the last term of an AP of n terms, then the sum of all the terms can also be given by Sometimes S, is also denoted by S. 03/05/18ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS. 45 * IS, is the sum of the first 1 terms of an AP, then its n"* term a, is given by 4,=S,-S,. (B) Multiple Choice Questions Choose the correct answer from the given four options: Sample Question 1: The 10" term of the AP: 5, 8, 11, 14, .. is (A) 32 (B) 35 (C) 38 (D) 185 Solution : Answer (A) Sample Question 2 : In an AP if a =~7.2, d= 3.6, a, = 7.2, then n is, 1 (B) 3 O4 (D) 5 Solution : Answer (D) EXERCISE 5.1 Choose the correct answer from the given four options: 1, Inan AP, ifd =—4,n=7, a, =4, then ais (A) 6 @B)7 (©) 20 (D) 28 2. Inan AP, ifa=3.5,d= 0, n= 101, then a, will be (A) 0 B) 3.5 (©) 103.5 (D) 104.5 3. The list of numbers — 10, ~ 6, ~2, 2,... is (A) an AP with d =~ 16 (B) anAPwithd= 4 (©) an AP withd =-4 (D) notan AP 35 4. The 11" term of the AP: -5, =, 0, > .uis 272 (A) 20 (B) 20 (©) -30 (D) 30 5. The first four terms of an AP, whose first term is -2 and the common difference is -2, are 03/05/1846 10. 1. 12. 13. 14. 15. EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS, (A) -2,0,2,4 (B) -2,4,-8,16 (© -2,-4,-6,-8 (D) ~2,-4,-8,-16 ‘The 21" term of the AP whose first two terms are —3 and 4 is (A) 17 (B) 137 © 143 (D) -143 If the 2" term of an AP is 13 and the 5" term is 25, what is its 7" term? (A) 30 (B) 33 (© 37 (D) 38 Which term of the AP: 21, 42, 63, 84,... is 2107 (A) (B) 10" © us (D) 12" If the common difference of an AP is 5, then what is aj, —a,;? (A) 5 (B) 20 (C) 25, (D) 30 What is the common difference of an AP in which a,,~a,, = 32? (A) 8 (B)-8 (©) -4 (D) 4 ‘Two APs have the same common difference. The first term of one of these is —I and that of the other is ~ 8. Then the difference between their 4" terms is (A) -1 (B)-8 O7 @) 9 If 7 times the 7" term of an AP is equal to 11 times its 11"* term, then its 18th term will be (A) 7 ) 1 (©) 18 (D) 0 ‘The 4" term from the end of the AP: -11, -8, -5, ..., 49 is (A) 37 (B) 40 (C) 43 (D) 58 ‘The famous mathematician associated with finding the sum of the first 100 natu- ral numbers is (A) Pythagoras (B) Newton (©) Gauss (D) Euclid If the first term of an AP is 5 and the common difference is 2, then the sum of the first 6 terms is (A) 0 (B) 5 © 6 (D) 15 03/05/18ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS. a7 16. The sum of first 16 terms of the AP: 10, 6, 2,... is (A) -320 (B) 320 (©) 352 (D) -400 17. Inan APif a= 1, a, = 20 and S, = 399, then n is (ay 19 (B) 21 © 38 (D) 42 18. The sum of first five multiples of 3 is (A) 45 (B) 55 (© 65 () 75 (C) Short Answer Questions with Reasoning Sample Question 1: In the AP: 10, 5, 0, -5, .. the common difference d is equal to 5, Justify whether the above statement is true or false. Solution : 5-10=-5 0-5=-5 5-0=-5 Although the given list of numbers forms an AP, itis with d =~S and not with d = 5 So, the given statement is false, Sample Question 2 : Divya deposited Rs 1000 at compound interest at the rate of 10% per annum. The amounts at the end of first year, second year, third year, .., form an AP. Justify your answer. Solution: Amount at the end of the Ist year = Rs 1100 Amount at the end of the 2nd year = Rs 1210 Amount at the end of 3rd year = Rs 1331 and so on. So, the amount (in Rs) at the end of Ist year, 2nd year, 3rd year, ... are 1100, 1210, 1331, . Here, a,-a,= 110 a,-a,=121 As, a,~ a, #a,~ a, it does not form an AP. 03/05/1848 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS, Sample Question 3: The n® term of an AP cannot be n? + 1. Justify your answer. Solution : So, a=I +1=2 List of numbers becomes 2, 5, 10. Here, 5 ~2 #10-S, so it does not form an AP. Alternative Solution 1: We know that in an AP, d=a, ~ 5 + upton terms a-b 3a-2b , Sa-3d , (i) Gap ath) ath 1” 1 Hl terms, 22. Which term of the AP: -2, 7, term ~77. 12,... will be -77? Find the sum of this AP upto the 23. If a, =3—4n, show that @,@5,43,... form an AP. Also find S,,. 24. In an AP, if S, =n (4n + 1), find the AP. 03/05/18sa EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS, 25. In an AP, if S, = 30? + Sn and a, = 164, find the value of k. 26. If S, denotes the sum of first m terms of an AP, prove that S,, = 3(S, -S,) 27. Find the sum of first 17 terms of an AP whose 4" and 9" terms are ~15 and ~30 respectively, 28. If sum of first 6 terms of an AP is 36 and that of the first 16 terms is 256, find the sum of first 10 terms. 29. Find the sum of all the 11 terms of an AP whose middle most term is 30. 30. Find the sum of last ten terms of the AP: 8, 10, 12,---, 126. 31. Find the sum of first seven numbers which are multiples of 2 as well as of 9. [Hint: Take the LCM of 2 and 9] 32. How many terms of the AP: -15,-13, -11,- are needed to make the sum 55? Explain the reason for double answer. 33. The sum of the first terms of an AP whose first term is 8 and the common difference is 20 is equal to the sum of first 2n terms of another AP whose first term is — 30 and the common difference is 8. Find 1. 34. Kanika was given her pocket money on Jan 1", 2008. She puts Re 1 on Day 1, Rs 2 on Day 2, Rs 3 on Day 3, and continued doing so till the end of the month, from this money into her piggy bank. She also spent Rs 204 of her pocket money, and found that at the end of the month she still had Rs 100 with her. How much was her pocket money for the month? 35. Yasmeen saves Rs 32 during the first month, Rs 36 in the second month and Rs 40 in the third month. If she continues to save in this manner, in how many months will she save Rs 2000? (E) Long Answer Questions Sample Question 1; The sum of four consecutive numbers in an AP is 32 and the ratio of the product of the first and the last terms to the product of the two middle terms is 7: 15. Find the numbers. Solution: Let the four consecutive numbers in AP be a-3d,a~d,a+d,a+3d. 03/05/18ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS. 35 So, a-3d+a-dt+atdtat3d=32 or 4a = 32 8 or Also, —[—— "= a-d 15 of, = 1S a@?—135q? = 7a? -Td* of, = 8a? 128g? =0 8x8x8 128 or, or, = d=42 So, when a = 8, d=2, the numbers are 2, 6, 10, 14. Sample Question 2: Solve the equation : 144474 10+...4.x =287 Solution ; Here, 1, 4, 7, 10, ..., x form an AP with a= 1,d=3,a,=x We have, a, = a+ (nd So, x=1+(n-1)x3=3n-2 Also, S. pe So, 287 = 50+8) 03/05/1856 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS, = F+3n-2) or, 574=n@n—1) of, 3n?-n-S74=0 1+ J1+ 6888 6 Therefore, n = As n cannot be negative, son = 14 Therefore, x= 3n-2=3x 14-2 =40. Alternative solution: Here, 1, 4,7, 10, ....x form an AP with a = 1, d= 3, S = 287 We have, S= 5 2a+(n—I)d So, 21-5 24(n=1)x3 or, 574=n@n-1) or, 3n? ~n-574=0 Now proceed as above. EXERCISE 5.4 1, ‘The sum of the first five terms of an AP and the sum of the first seven terms of the same APis 167. If the sum of the first ten terms of this AP is 235, find the sum of, its first twenty terms. 03/05/18ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS, 37 2 5. Find the (i) sum of those integers between | and 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5. (ii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 as well as of 5 (ii) sum of those integers from 1 to 500 which are multiples of 2 or 5. [Hint (iii) : These numbers will be : multiples of 2 + multiples of 5 — multiples of 2 as well as of 5] The eighth term of an AP is half its second term and the eleventh term exceeds one third of its fourth term by 1. Find the 15" term. An AP consists of 37 terms. The sum of the three middle most terms is 225 and the sum of the last three is 429, Find the AP. Find the sum of the integers between 100 and 200 that are (divisible by 9 (ii) not divisible by 9 [Hint (ji) : These numbers will be : Total numbers —Total numbers divisible by 9] ‘The ratio of the 11"*term to the 18" term of an AP is 2 : 3. Find the ratio of the 5® term to the 21* term, and also the ratio of the sum of the first five terms to the sum of the first 21 terms. Show that the sum of an AP whose first term is @, the second term b and the last term ¢, is equal to (a+c)(b+e-2a) 2(b-a) Solve the equation 441) +2444 = 437 Jaspal Singh repays his total loan of Rs 118000 by paying every month starting with the first instalment of Rs 1000. If he increases the instalment by Rs 100 every month, what amount will be paid by him in the 30" instalment? What amount of loan does he still have to pay after the 30 instalment? 03/05/1858 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS, 10. The students of a school decided to beautify the school on the Annual Day by fixing colourful flags on the straight passage of the school. They have 27 flags to be fixed at intervals of every 2 m, The flags are stored at the position of the middle most flag. Ruchi was given the responsibility of placing the flags. Ruchi kept her books where the flags were stored. She could carry only one flag at a time. How much distance did she cover in completing this job and returning back to collect her books? What is the maximum distance she travelled carrying a flag? 03/05/18