A Lesson Plan in Grade 10 Mathematics

Daphne B. Torremocha March 8, 2018

8:00 – 8:50 AM
Time of Teaching

I. DepEd Learning Competency

II. Objectives
Through thorough discussion and follow-up examples, the Grade 10 students with at least
85% proficiency are expected to:
a. derive the equation of a circle of given center and radius using the Pythagorean
Theorem or Distance Formula;
b. show cooperation within the class as they perform the given learning activity; and
c. find the equation of a circle with given center and radius.

III. Subject-Matter
A. Topic: Equation of a Circle (Vertex of h,k)
B. Pre-requisite: Distance Formula, Pythagorean Theorem
C. Skills to develop: Mastery and Efficiency in finding the equation of a circle with given
center and radius
D. Values Integration: Cooperation and Respect
E. Instructional Materials:
laptop, pen/chalk
F. References:
F.1. Internet Sources:
Dvorscak, Bernadette, Equations of a Circle, June 30, 2015.
http://www.analyzemath.com/CircleEq/Tutorials.html
Pierce, Rod, 2014, The Geometry of a Circle , September 31, 2015,
http://www.mathsisfun.com/equation-of-a-circle.html

G. Strategy/Method: Expository Method

IV. Procedure
a. Approach:
Guide Questions:
1. What’s your favorite shape? Why?
(The teacher waits for the answer “Circle”.)
 The teacher calls out a volunteer to draw a circle on the board.
 The teacher calls out a volunteer to put a center on the circle.
 The teacher calls out a volunteer to draw a diameter on the circle.
 The teacher calls out a volunteer to draw a radius on the circle.
 The teacher calls out a volunteer to draw another radius on the circle.

Definition: A circle is the set of points equidistant from a point C(h,k) called
the center. The fixed distance r from the center to any point on the circle is called
the radius.

2. What’s the difference between the two radii?

 The teacher asks the class what the distance formula is.

(x - x1 ) + ( y 2 - y1 )
2 2
d= 2
 The teacher asks the student how the distance formula is derived.

Using the Pythagorean Theorem,

𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2

𝑑2 = (𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
 𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2

 Using the distance formula, the teacher asks the student to find the equation of the circle
using the Pythagorean Theorem with (h,k) as the center.

𝑟 2 = (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2
where r = radius

Standard Form;
𝒓𝟐 = (𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐

General Form;
Ax2 + By 2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0

The general form of the equation of a circle comes from expanding the standard form of
the equation of the circle.

b. Presentation:
Examples in finding the equation of a circle are presented.

Example 1: Find the equation of a circle with center (2, -1) and radius 4.
Solution
The equation of a circle in standard form:

(𝒙 − 𝒉)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝒌)𝟐 = 𝒓𝟐

Thus we have:
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟒𝟐
Answer: Standard Form
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
 General Form:
(𝒙 − 𝟐)𝟐 + (𝒚 + 𝟏)𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔
𝒙 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 = 𝟏𝟔
𝟐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟏 − 𝟏𝟔 = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟏𝟏 = 𝟎

Example 2: Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given by
the points A(-1 , 2) and B(3 , 2).
Solution
The center of the circle is the midpoint of the line segment making the
diameter AB.
The midpoint formula is used to find the coordinates of the center C of the
circle.
x coordinate of C = (-1 + 3) /2 = 1
y coordinate of C = (2 + 2) / 2 = 2
Thus, C (1,2)
The radius is half the distance between A and B.
Using Distance Formula;

𝑑 = √(𝑥2 − 𝑥1 )2 + (𝑦2 − 𝑦1 )2
𝑑 = √(3 − (−1))2 + (2 − 2)2
𝑑 = √(3 + 1)2 + (0)2
𝑑 = √42 + 02
𝑑 = √16
𝑑=4
𝑑 4
𝑟= = =2
2 2

The coordinate of C and the radius are used in the standard equation of the
circle to obtain the equation:

Thus we have:
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐
Answer: Standard Form
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟒

General Form:
(𝒙 − 𝟏)𝟐 + (𝒚 − 𝟐)𝟐 = 𝟒
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 = 𝟒
𝒙 − 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚 + 𝟒 − 𝟒 = 𝟎
𝟐

𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟒 + 𝟏 = 𝟎
 c. Application:
Each student will be paired with another student.
Directions: In a one
whole sheet of paper, answer the following:
1. Find the coordinates of the center and the measure of the radius.
(𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 252
Answers: (6, -3) r=25
2. Find the equation of a circle with center (3, -2) and a radius of 4.
Answers: (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 16; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 3 = 0
3. Find the equation of a circle with center (2, -9) and a radius of √11 .
Answers: (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 9)2 = 11; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 18𝑦 + 74 = 0
4. Find the equation of a circle that has a diameter with the endpoints given
A (0 ,-2) and B(0 , 2).
Answers: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
5. Find an equation of the circle whose center is at the point (-4 , 6) and passes
through the point (1 , 2).
Answers: (𝑥 + 4)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 41; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 11 = 0

V. Generalization
 What is the standard and general form of the equation of a circle?

VI. Evaluation
An individual quiz is given consisting of 5 items.
Directions: Answer the following on a 1 whole sheet of paper.
1. Find the coordinates of the center and the measure of the radius.
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 16
Answers: (0,0) r=4
2. Find the equation of the circle centered at point (3 , 7) and a radius of 10.
Answers: (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 7)2 = 100; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 14𝑦 − 42 = 0
3. Find the equation of a circle with center (-4,0) and a diameter of 10.
Answers: (𝑥 + 4)2 + 𝑦 2 = 25; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 − 9 = 0
4. Find the equation of a circle whose diameter has endpoints at (-5,2) and (3,6).
Answers: (𝑥 + 1)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 20; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 − 8𝑦 − 3 = 0
5. What is the radius of the circle with center (3,10) that passes through (12, 12)? Find
the equation.
Answers: r = √85 ; (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 10)2 = 85; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 − 20𝑦 + 24 = 0

VII. Assignment
Directions: On a ½ sheet of paper, answer the following.
Show your solutions.
1. Find the equation of the circle with center (2, -1) and radius 4.
Answers: (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 16; 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 11 = 0
2. A circle is given by the equation (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 1) + ( 𝑦 2 + 4𝑦 + 4) = 121.
What is the center and radius of the circle?
Center: (-1, -2) r = 11
3. Put the equation of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 15 into standard form.
Answer: s(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 25