JLPT Resources – http://www.tanos.co.

uk/jlpt/

JLPT N1 Vocab List

This is not a cumulative list. (It doesn't contain the vocab needed
by JLPT N2 and below).

Kanji Hiragana English

嗚呼 ああ Ah!, Oh!, Alas!

相 あい together, mutually, fellow

相変
あいかわ
わら らず as ever, as usual, the same
ず

civility, courtesy, compliments, sociability,

愛想 あいそ
graces

confrontation, facing, between ourselves,

相対 あいたい
no third party, tete-a-tete

あいだが
間柄 relation(ship)
ら

愛憎 あいそう likes and dislikes, Love and hate

合間 あいま interval

曖昧 あいまい vague, ambiguous

敢え
て あえて dare (to do), challenge (to do)

to look up (to), to respect, to depend on,

仰ぐ あおぐ to ask for, to seek, to revere, to drink, to
take

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垢 あか dirt, filth

亜科 あか suborder, subfamily

銅 あかがね copper

証 あかし proof, evidence

赤字 あかじ deficit, go in the red

明か あかす to pass, spend, to reveal, to divulge

す

赤 あかちゃ
ちゃ ん baby, infant
ん

めいは
明白 く、あか obvious, overt, plainly, frankly
らさま

赤ら
む あからむ to become red, to redden, to blush

明る あかるい bright, cheerful

い

1. slope, advance income, crop yield,

上が
り あがり ascent, rise, advance, death, spinning,
completion, stop, finish, after

to enter, to go up, to rise, to climb up, to

上が
る あがる advance, to appreciate, to be promoted, to
improve, to call on,

商人 しょうに trader, shopkeeper, merchant

んあきん

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空間 あきま vacancy, room for rent or lease

諦め あきらめ resignation, acceptance, consolation

呆れ
る あきれる to be amazed, to be shocked

悪 あく evil, wickedness

灰汁 あく Bitter taste, self-assertiveness

1. gaudy, showy, excessive, 2. Vicious, 3.

あくどい
dishonest,

悪日 あくび unlucky day

明く
る あくる next, following

憧れ あこがれ yearning, longing, aspiration

顎 あご chin

麻 あさ flax, linen, hemp

明後 あさって day after tomorrow

日

朝寝 あさねぼ
坊 う oversleeping, late riser

浅ま あさまし wretched, miserable, shameful, mean,

しい い despicable, abject

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字 あざ section of village

欺く あざむく to deceive

鮮や あざやか vivid, clear, brilliant

か

あざ あざわら
笑う う to sneer at, to ridicule, scoff at

味わ あじわい flavour, meaning, significance

い

東 あずま east, Eastern Japan

焦る あせる to be in a hurry, to be impatient

1. (uk) there, over there, that place, 2. (X)

彼処 あそこ
(col) genitals

値 あたい value, price, cost, worth, merit

値す あたいす to be worth, to deserve, to merit

る る

私 あたし I (fem)

当た hit, success, reaching the mark, per ...,

あたり
り vicinity, neighborhood

当た あたりま usual, common, ordinary, natural,

り前 え reasonable, obvious

another person, unrelated person,

他人 あだびと
outsider, stranger

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彼方 あちこち here and there

此方

彼方 あちら 1. there, yonder, that

彼方 あちらこ
此方 ちら here and there

deterioration, growing worse, aggravation,

悪化 あっか
degeneration, corruption

呆気 あっけな
ない い Abrupt, disappointing, unexpected

悪口 あっこう abuse, insult, slander, evil speaking

あっさり easily, readily, quickly

圧迫 あっぱく pressure, coercion, oppression

扱い あつかい treatment, service

集ま あつまる to gather, to collect, to assemble

る

誂え あつらえ
る る to give an order, to place an order

あつりょ
圧力 stress, pressure
く

当て あて object, aim, end, hopes, expectations

宛 あて addressed to

当て あてじ phonetic-equivalent character, substitute

字

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character

当て あてはま
はま to apply (a rule)
る
る

当て あてはめ
はめ る to apply, to adapt
る

宛て あてる to address
る

跡継
ぎ あとつぎ heir, successor

後回 あとまわ putting off, postponing

し し

貴女 あなた you, lady

彼の あの that over there

溢れ
る あふれる to flood, to overflow, to brim over

油絵 あぶらえ oil painting

炙る あぶる To broil, to grill, to warm, to scorch

あべこべ contrary, opposite, inverse

甘え あまえる to behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on

る

甘口 あまくち sweet flavour, mildness, flattery, stupidity

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雨具 あまぐ rain gear

天 あまつ heavenly, imperial

網 あみ net, network

heaven and earth, the universe, nature,

天地 てんち
top and bottom, realm, sphere, world

操る あやつる to manipulate, to operate, to pull strings

あやふや uncertain, vague, ambiguous

危ぶ to fear, to have misgivings, to be doubtful,

あやぶむ
む to mistrust

過ち あやまち fault, error, indiscretion

誤る あやまる to make a mistake

歩み あゆみ walking

歩む あゆむ to walk, to go on foot

oh, ah, saw-edged perch (Niphon

あら
spinosus)

あらかじ
予め め beforehand, in advance, previously

荒ら to lay waste, to devastate, to damage, to

あらす
す invade, to break into

粗筋 あらすじ outline, summary

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dispute, strife, quarrel, dissension,

争い あらそい
conflict, rivalry, contest

改ま あらたま
る る to be renewed

荒っ あらっぽ rough, rude

ぽい い

凡ゆ
る あらゆる all, every

あられ kind of cookie, cartoon character

現わ あらわれ embodiment, materialization

れ

to appear, to come in sight, to become

現わ あらわれ
れる る visible, to come out, to embody, to
materialize, to express oneself

有難 ありがと
う う Thank you

state, condition, circumstances, the way

有様 ありさま
things are or should be, truth

有り ありのま
のま ま the truth, fact, as it is, frankly
ま

或る ある a certain..., some...

或い あるいは or, possibly

は

彼此 あれこれ one thing or another, this and that, this or

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that

to join together, to face, to unite, to be

合わ
す あわす opposite, to combine, to connect, to add
up, to mix, to match, to

合わ あわせ joint together, opposite, facing

せ

慌た あわただ
だし しい busy, hurried, confused, flurried
い

慌て to become confused (disconcerted

あわてる
る disorganized)

暗殺 あんさつ assassination

暗算 あんざん mental arithmetic

暗示 あんじ hint, suggestion

案じ
る あんじる to be anxious, to ponder

安静 あんせい rest

案の あんの sure enough, as usual

定 じょう

not very (this form only used as adverb),

余り あんまり not much, remainder, rest, remnant,
surplus, balance, excess, rema

依 い depending on

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良い いい good

伊井 いい that one, Italy

否 いいえ no, nay, yes, well

いい いいかげ moderate, right, random, not thorough,

加減 ん vague, irresponsible, halfhearted

言い
訳 いいわけ excuse, explanation

家出 いえで running away from home, leaving home

家主 いえぬし landlord

如何 いかが how, in what way

生か いかす to revive, to resuscitate, to make use of

す

雷 いかずち thunder

如何 how?, in what way?, how much?,

いかに
に however, whatever

如何 いかにも indeed, really, phrase meaning agreement

にも

怒り いかり anger, hatred

怒る いかる to get angry, to be angry

to warp, to swerve, to deflect, to be

歪む いがむ crooked, to be distorted, to be bent, to
incline, to slant, to be perv

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粋 いき chic, style, purity, essence

域外 いきがい outside the area

意気 いきごむ to be enthusiastic about, eager

込む

1. details, whole story, sequence of

経緯 いきさつ events, particulars, how it started, how
things got this way, 2. c

行き いきちが misunderstanding, miss each other, e.g.,

違い い on the road, to cross each other

行き いきなり suddenly
成り

異議 いぎ objection, dissent, protest

いく to come, to orgasm

軍 いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight

戦 いくさ war, battle, campaign, fight

rearing, training, nurture, cultivation,

育成 いくせい
promotion

幾多 いくた many, numerous

活け いける to arrange (flowers)

る

異見 いけん different opinion, objection

意向 いこう intention, idea, inclination

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移行 いこう switching over to

いざ now, come (now), well, crucial moment

碑 いしぶみ stone monument bearing an inscription

衣装 いしょう clothing, costume, outfit, garment, dress

disposition, spirit, willpower, obstinacy,

意地 いじ
backbone, appetite

苛め to tease, to torment, to persecute, to

いじめる
る chastise

移住 いじゅう migration, immigration

弄る いじる to touch, to tamper with

where, which, who, anyway, anyhow, at

何れ いずれ
any rate

異性 いせい the opposite sex

遺跡 いせき historic ruins (remains relics)

依然 いぜん still, as yet

依存 いそん dependence, dependent, reliance

consign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust

委託 いたく
(person with something), commit

悪戯 いたずら tease, prank, trick, practical joke, mischief

頂 いただき (top of) head, summit, spire

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戴き いただき expression of gratitude before meals

ます ます

至っ
て いたって very much, exceedingly, extremely

痛む いたむ to hurt, to feel a pain, to be injured

痛め to hurt, to injure, to cause pain, to worry,

いためる
る to bother, to afflict, to be grieved over

炒め
る いためる to stir-fry

to comfort, to care for( sick person), to be

労る いたわる
kind to

市 いち market, fair

位地 いち place, situation, position, location

一々 いちいち one by one, separately

一概 いちがい
に に unconditionally, as a rule

一見 いち unfamiliar, never before met

一言 ひとこと single word

一日 いちにち 1. one day, 2. first of month

fixed, settled, definite, uniform,

一定 いってい regularized, defined, standardized,
certain, prescribed

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著し いちじる remarkable, considerable

い しい

一同 いちどう all concerned, all of us

一人 いちにん one person

1. one copy e.g. of a document, 2. a part,

一部 いちぶ
partly, some

一部 いちぶぶ a part
分 ん

一別 いちべつ parting

one side, one phase, front page, the other

一面 いちめん
hand, the whole surface

一目 いちもく a glance, a look, a glimpse

uniformity, evenness, similarity, equality,

一様 いちよう
impartiality

一律 いちりつ evenness, uniformity, monotony, equality

一連 いちれん a series, a chain, a ream (of paper)

all together, batch, one lump, one bundle,

一括 いっかつ
summing up

一気 いっき drink!(said repeatedly as a party cheer)

一挙 いっきょ at a stroke, with a single swoop

に に

一切 いっさい all, everything, without exception, the

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whole, entirely, absolutely

one mind, wholeheartedness, the whole

一心 いっしん
heart

いっそ rather, sooner, might as well

一帯 いったい a region, a zone, the whole place

一敗 いっぱい one defeat

一変 いっぺん complete change, about-face

何時 いつ when, how soon

sometime, someday, one day, some time

何時
か いつか or other, the other day, in due course, in
time

何時 (at) any time, always, at all times, never

いつでも
でも (neg), whenever

何時 いつのま
の間 before one knows, unnoticed, unawares
にか
にか

何時 forever, for good, eternally, as long as one

いつまで
まで も likes, indefinitely
も

何時 always, usually, every time, never (with

いつも
も neg. verb)

意図 いと intention, aim, design

営む いとなむ to carry on (e.g. in ceremony), to run a

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business

free time, leisure, leave, spare time,

暇 いとま
farewell

異動 いどう a change

to challenge, to contend for, to make love

挑む いどむ
to

いなびか
稲光 (flash of) lightning
り

古 いにしえ antiquity, ancient times

祈り いのり prayer, supplication

鼾 いびき snoring

今更 いまさら now, at this late hour

未だ いまだ as yet, hitherto, not yet (neg)

emigration, immigration, emigrant,

移民 いみん
immigrant

unwillingly, grudgingly, shaking head in

厭々 いやいや
refusal (to children)

卑し greedy, vulgar, shabby, humble, base,

いやしい
い mean, vile

いやに awfully, terribly

厭や いやらし detestable, disagreeable

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らし い
い

more and more, all the more, increasingly,

愈々 いよいよ
at last, beyond doubt

意欲 いよく will, desire, ambition

苛々 いらいら getting nervous, irritation

入口 いりくち entrance, gate, approach, mouth

衣料 いりょう clothing

威力 いりょく power, might, authority, influence

to get in, to go in, to come in, to flow into,

入る はいる
to set, to set in

衣類 いるい clothes, clothing, garments

色々 いろいろ various

異論 いろん different opinion, objection

所謂 いわゆる the so-called, so to speak

印 いん seal, stamp, mark, print

員 いん member

印鑑 いんかん stamp, seal

陰気 いんき gloom, melancholy

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隠居 いんきょ retirement, retired person

high and low, up and down, unloading and

上下 うえした
loading, praising and blaming

浮か
ぶ うかぶ to float, to rise to surface, to come to mind

受か うかる to pass (examination)

る

含嗽 うがい gargle, rinse mouth

受け
入れ うけいれ receiving, acceptance

受け うけいれ
入れ to accept, to receive
る
る

受け
継ぐ うけつぐ to inherit, to succeed, to take over

受け うけつけ
付け to be accepted, to receive (an application)
る
る

受け to catch, to stop the blow, to react to, to

うけとめ
止め る take
る

受け うけとり receipt
取り

受身 うけみ passive, passive voice

動き うごき movement, activity, trend, development,

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change

潮 うしお tide

氏 うじ family name

渦 うず swirl

埋ま to be buried, to be surrounded, to
うずまる
る overflow, to be filled

嘘つ liar (sometimes said with not much

うそつき
き seriousness), fibber

打ち business meeting, previous arrangement,

うちあわ
合わ せ appointment
せ

打ち うちあわ
合わ せる to knock together, to arrange
せる

打ち うちきる to stop, to abort, to discontinue, to close

切る

打ち
消し うちけし negation, denial, negative

to drive in (e.g. nail stake), to devote

打ち
込む うちこむ oneself to, to shoot into, to smash, to
throw into, to cast int

団扇 うちわ fan

内訳 うちわけ the items, breakdown, classification

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訴え うったえ lawsuit, complaint

鬱陶 うっとう gloomy, depressing

しい しい

写し うつし copy, duplicate, facsimile, transcript

虚ろ うつろ blank, cavity, hollow, empty (space)

器 うつわ bowl, vessel, container

雨天 うてん rainy weather

腕前 うでまえ ability, skill, facility

饂飩 うどん noodles (Japanese)

to urge, to press, to suggest, to demand,

促す うながす to stimulate, to quicken, to incite, to invite
(attention to)

to groan, to moan, to roar, to howl, to

唸る うなる
growl, to hum, to buzz, to sough

自惚 うぬぼれ pretension, conceit, hubris

れ

甘い うまい delicious

生ま うまれつ
れつ き by nature, by birth, native
き

海路 かいろ sea route

産む うむ to give birth, to deliver, to produce

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埋め うめこむ to bury
込む

梅干 うめぼし dried plum

浦 うら bay

裏返 うらがえ
し し Turn… over, inside out, upside down

売り うりだし sale
出し

売り to put on sale, to market, to become

うりだす
出す popular

to be moist, to be damp, to get wet, to

潤う うるおう profit by, to be watered, to receive
benefits, to favor, to charm, t

五月 うるさい noisy, loud, fussy

蝿い

売れ
行き うれゆき Sales,demand

浮気 うわき flighty, fickle, wanton, unfaithful

1. upper part, upper stream, left side (of a

上手 うわて stage), 2. skillful (only in comparisons),
dexterity (on

上回 うわまわ to exceed
る る

植わ
る うわる to be planted

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運営 うんえい management, administration, operation

うんざり tedious, boring, being fed up with

運送 うんそう shipping, marine transportation

運賃 うんちん freight rates, shipping expenses, fare

云々 うんぬん and so on, and so forth, comment

運搬 うんぱん transport, carriage

運命 うんめい fate

運輸 うんゆ transportation

making use of, application, investment,

運用 うんよう
practical use

会 え understanding

重 え -fold, -ply

えい ray (fish)

映写 えいしゃ projection

英字 えいじ English letter (character)

衛生 えいせい health, hygiene, sanitation, medical

映像 えいぞう reflection, image

英雄 えいゆう hero, great man

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液 えき liquid, fluid

役 えき war, campaign, battle

閲覧 えつらん inspection, reading

獲物 えもの game, spoils, trophy

襟 えり neck, collar, lapel, neckband

chance, fate, destiny, relation, bonds,

縁 えん
connection, karma

塩 えん salt

艶 えん charming, fascinating, voluptuous

園 えん garden (esp. man-made)

円滑 えんかつ harmony, smoothness

縁側 えんがわ veranda, porch, balcony, open corridor

沿岸 えんがん coast, shore

えんきょ euphemistic, circumlocution, roundabout,

婉曲 く indirect, insinuating

えんしゅ
演習 practice, exercises, manoeuvers
う

えんしゅ
演出 つ production (e.g. play), direction

演じ to perform (a play), to play (a part), to act

えんじる
る (a part), to commit (a blunder)

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演ず えんずる to perform, to play

る

沿線 えんせん along railway line

縁談 えんだん marriage proposal, engagement

遠方 えんぽう long way, distant place

harmony, peace, smoothness,

円満 えんまん
completeness, satisfaction

尾 お tail, ridge

於 お at, in, on

甥 おい nephew

追い おいこむ to herd, to corner, to drive

込む

美味
しい おいしい delicious, tasty

追い おいだす to expel, to drive out

出す

於い
て おいて at, in, on

お出 おいでに
でに to be
なる
なる

老い
る おいる to age, to grow old

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負う おう to bear, to owe

おうきゅ
応急 emergency
う

黄金 おうごん gold

おうしょ
黄色 く yellow

応募 おうぼ subscription, application

おおい hey!

大方 おおかた perhaps, almost all, majority

大柄 おおがら large build, large pattern

大げ おおげさ grandiose, exaggerated

さ

大事 おおごと important, valuable, serious matter

大 おおざっ
ざっ ぱ rough (as in not precise), broad, sketchy
ぱ

大筋 おおすじ outline, summary

大空 おおぞら heaven, firmament, the sky

大幅 おおはば full width, large scale, drastic

大水 おおみず flood

公 おおやけ official, public, formal, open, governmental

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お蔭 おかげ (your) backing, assistance

お蔭 おかげさ Thanks to god, thanks to you

様で まで

可笑
しい おかしい strange, funny, amusing, ridiculous

犯す おかす to commit, to perpetrate, to violate, to rape

to invade, to raid, to trespass, to violate, to

侵す おかす
intrude on

お菜 おかず side dish, accompaniment for rice dishes

おくびょ
臆病 う cowardice, timidity

遅ら おくらす to retard, to delay

す

遅れ おくれ delay, lag

起こ
す おこす to raise, to cause, to wake someone

deed, conduct, behavior, action,

行い おこない
asceticism

austere, majestic, dignified, stately, awful,

厳か おごそか
impressive

傲る おごる to be proud

長 おさ chief, head

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押さ to stop, to restrain, to seize, to repress, to

おさえる
える suppress, to press down

お先
に おさきに before, ahead, previously

to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit

収ま
る おさまる into, to be settled, to be paid, to be
delivered

to be obtained, to end, to settle into, to fit

納ま
る おさまる into, to be settled, to be paid, to be
delivered

治ま to be at peace, to clamp down, to lessen

おさまる
る (storm terror anger)

お産 おさん (giving) birth

教え おしえ teachings, precept, lesson, doctrine

押し
込む おしこむ to push into, to crowd into

惜し おしむ to be frugal, to value, to regret

む

chattering, talk, idle talk, chat, chitchat,

お喋 おしゃべ
り り gossip, chatty, talkative, chatterbox,
blabbermouth

お洒 smartly dressed, someone smartly

おしゃれ
落 dressed, fashion-conscious

押し おしよせ To crowd, to throng, to flock, to swarm

寄せ る

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お祖 おじいさ
父さ ん grandfather, male senior-citizen
ん

お邪 Excuse me for disturbing (interrupting)

おじゃま
魔し します you
ます

雄 おす male (animal)

お世
辞 おせじ flattery, compliment

襲う おそう to attack

遅く おそくと at the latest

とも も

恐ら
く おそらく perhaps

恐れ おそれ fear, horror

to be filled with awe, to feel small, to be

恐れ おそれい
入る る amazed, to be surprised, to be
disconcerted, to be sorry, to b

お大 おだいじ Take care of yourself

事に に

煽て
る おだてる to stir up, to instigate, to flatter

落ち おちこむ to fall into, to feel down (sad)

込む

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落ち おちつき calm, composure

着き

落ち fallen leaves, leaf litter, defoliation,

おちば
葉 shedding leaves

落ち おちる to fail (e.g. exam), to fall down, to drop

る

おっかな
い frightening, huge

仰っ おっしゃ
しゃ to say, to speak, to tell, to talk
る
る

1. strange, quaint, stylish, chic, spicy,

乙 おつ queer, witty, tasty, romantic, 2. 2nd in
rank, second sign of the

お使
い おつかい errand

お手 all over, given in, given up hope, bring to

おてあげ
上げ knees

御手 おてあら
洗い い toilet, restroom, lavatory, bathroom (US)

弟 おと younger brother

落と おとす to drop, to lose, to let fall

す

訪れ おとずれ
る る to visit

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大人 おとなし obedient, docile, quiet

しい い

daughter, young lady, virgin, maiden, little

少女 おとめ
girl

お供 おとも attendant, companion

衰え おとろえ to become weak, to decline, to wear, to

る る abate, to decay, to wither, to waste away

おどおど coweringly, hesitantly

脅か
す おどかす to threaten, to coerce

脅す おどす to threaten, to menace

驚き おどろき surprise, astonishment, wonder

同い おないど of the same age

年 し

女の
子 おなのこ woman, girl

お願 おねがい
いし please
します
ます

各々 おのおの each, every, either, respectively, severally

naturally, as a matter of course, 自ずから

自ず おのずか
から ら 明らかな（自明の）事実 (self evident
fact)

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お早 おはよう Good morning

う

お祖 おばあさ
母さ ん grandmother, female senior-citizen
ん

怯え おびえる to become frightened, to have a nightmare

る

夥し おびただ
い しい abundantly, innumerably

to wear, to carry, to be entrusted, to have,

帯び
る おびる to take on, to have a trace of, to be tinged
with

覚え おぼえ memory, sense, experience

1. a discount, a prize, 2. something

御負
け おまけ additional, bonus, an extra, 3. an
exaggeration

お巡 おまわり
りさ policeman (friendly term)
さん
ん

お宮 おみや Shinto shrine

お襁
褓 おむつ diaper, nappy

お目 (ateji) (int) (uk) Congratulations!, an

おめでと
出度 う auspicious occasion!
う

面 おも face

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思い おもいつ plan, idea, suggestion

付き き

面白 おもしろ
い い interesting, amusing

玩具 おもちゃ toy

重な おもなる main, principal, important

る

meaning, tenor, gist, effect, appearance,

趣 おもむき
taste, grace, charm, refinement

赴く おもむく to go, to proceed, to become,to visit

じゅうや
重役 An executive
く

重ん おもんじ
じる る to respect, to honor, to esteem, to prize

重ん おもんず to honor, to respect, to esteem, to prize

ずる る

お休
み おやすみ holiday, absence, rest, Good night

1. (uk) between meal snack, afternoon

お八 おやつ refreshment, afternoon tea, 2. mid-day
snack

凡そ およそ about, roughly, as a rule, approximately

及び および and, as well as

及ぶ およぶ to reach, to come up to, to amount to, to

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befall, to happen to, to extend, to match,

to equal

織 おり weave, weaving, woven item

檻 おり cage, pen, jail cell

折り おりかえ to turn up, to fold back,to turn up (ends of

返す す one’s own trousers)

織物 おりもの textile, fabric

織る おる to weave

俺 おれ I (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun)

愚か おろか foolish, stupid

疎か おろそか neglect, negligence, carelessness

終わ おわる to finish, to close

る

おんしょ tone color, tone quality, timbre,

音色 く synthesizer patch

温和 おんわ gentle, mild, moderate

仮 かり tentative, provisional

科 か department, section

個 こ article counter

下位 かい low rank, subordinate, lower order (e.g.

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byte)

階 かい -floor (counter), stories

改悪 かいあく deterioration, changing for the worse

海運 かいうん maritime, marine transportation

改革 かいかく reform, reformation, innovation

貝殻 かいがら shell

かいきゅ
階級 class, rank, grade
う

かいきょ
海峡 う channel

会見 かいけん interview, audience

介護 かいご nursing

開催 かいさい holding a meeting, open an exhibition

かいしゅ
回収 collection, recovery
う

かいしゅ
改修 う repair, improvement

かいじゅ
怪獣 monster
う

cancellation, rescinding, release, calling

解除 かいじょ
off

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回送 かいそう forwarding

階層 かいそう class, level, stratum, hierarchy

reclamation (of wasteland), cultivation,

開拓 かいたく
pioneer

conversation, conference, discussion,

会談 かいだん
interview

改定 かいてい reform

改訂 かいてい revision

街道 かいどう highway

かいにゅ
介入 intervention
う

開発 かいはつ development, exploitation

海抜 かいばつ height above sea level

介抱 かいほう nursing, looking after

解剖 かいぼう dissection, autopsy

回覧 かいらん circulation

かいりゅ
海流 う ocean current

かいりょ
改良 improvement, reform
う

回路 かいろ circuit (electric)

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顧み かえりみ to look back, to turn around, to review

る る

省み かえりみ
る る to reflect

返る かえる to return, to come back, to go back

顔付 (outward) looks, features, face,

かおつき
き countenance, expression

to publish, to print, to carry (an article), to

掲げ
る かかげる put up, to hang out, to hoist, to fly (a sail),
to float (a

踵 かかと (shoe) heel

係り かかり official, duty, person in charge

課外 かがい extracurricular

書き
取り かきとり dictation

書き to write down, to take dictation, to take

かきとる
取る notes

掻き かきまわ
回す す to stir up, to churn, to ransack, to disturb

欠く かく to lack, to break, to crack, to chip

角 かく 1. angle, 2. bishop (shogi)

核 かく nucleus, kernel

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格 かく status, character, case

佳句 かく beautiful passage of literature

画 かく stroke

格差 かくさ qualitative difference, disparity

拡散 かくさん scattering, diffusion

各種 かくしゅ every kind, all sorts

かくしゅ
隔週 every other week
う

確信 かくしん conviction, confidence

革新 かくしん reform, innovation

definition (math), decision, settlement、確

確定 かくてい
定申告(final tax returns)

獲得 かくとく acquisition, possession

guarantee, ensure, maintain, insure,

確保 かくほ
secure

革命 かくめい revolution

確立 かくりつ establishment

賭け かけ betting, gambling, a gamble

掛け かけ credit

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駆け かけあし running fast, double time

足

家計 かけい household economy, family finances

駆
けっ かけっこ (foot) race
こ

駆け to run (race esp. horse), to gallop, to

かける
る canter

賭け to wager, to bet, to risk, to stake, to

かける
る gamble

ヶ月 かげつ #NAME?

加工 かこう manufacturing, processing, treatment

化合 かごう chemical combination

嵩張 to be bulky, to be unwieldy, to grow

かさばる
る voluminous

嵩む かさむ to pile up, to increase

かざぐる
風車 ま 1. windmill, 2. pinwheel

畏ま かしこま
りま certainly!
りました
した

華奢 かしゃ delicate, slender, gorgeous

箇所 かしょ passage, place, point, part

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火傷 かしょう burn, scald

箇条 かじょう itemized form, itemization

書き がき

to chew, to bite (at), to gnaw, to nibble, to

噛る かじる
munch, to crunch, to have a smattering of

faint, dim, weak, indistinct, hazy, poor,

微か かすか
wretched

霞む かすむ to grow hazy, to be misty

to change into, to convert into, to

化す
る かする transform, to be reduced, to influence, to
improve (someone)

to touch lightly, to graze, to take a

掠る かする
percentage (from)

火星 かせい Mars (planet)

化石 かせき fossil

河川 かせん rivers

化繊 かせん synthetic fibres

過疎 かそ depopulation

過多 かた excess, superabundance

難い かたい difficult, hard

片思 かたおも unrequited love

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い い

敵 かたき enemy, rival

spirit, character, trait, temperament,

気質 きしつ
disposition

a smattering, talk like a baby, speak

片言 かたこと
haltingly

片付
け かたづけ tidying up, finishing

to incline toward, to slant, to lurch, to heel

傾く かたぶく over, to be disposed to, to trend toward, to
be prone to, to

to incline, to list, to bend, to lean, to tip, to

傾け かたむけ
る る tilt, to slant, to concentrate on, to ruin (a
country), to

固め かためる to harden, to freeze, to fortify

る

to be one-sided, to incline, to be partial, to

偏る かたよる
be prejudiced, to lean, to be biased

傍ら かたわら beside(s), while, nearby

課題 かだい subject, theme, task

花壇 かだん flower bed

家畜 かちく domestic animals, livestock, cattle

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画期 かっき epoch-making

活発 かっぱつ vigor, active

且つ かつ yet, and

divide, cut, halve, separate, split, rip,

割 かつ
break, crack, smash, dilute

嘗て かつて once, ever

日付 ひづけ date

門 かど gate

叶う かなう to come true (wish)

叶え
る かなえる to grant (request wish)

金槌 かなづち 1. (iron) hammer, 2. punishment

iron rod, crowbar, horizontal bar

鉄棒 かなぼう
(gymnastics)

可成 かなり considerably, fairly, quite

becoming a member, joining, entry,

加入 かにゅう admission, subscription, affiliation,
adherence, signing

金庫 きんこ safe, vault, treasury, provider of funds

予言 よげん prediction, promise, prognostication

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兼ね かねて simultaneously
て

下番 かばん going off duty

下品 げひん inferior article

華美 かび pomp, splendor, gaudiness

花粉 かふん pollen

株式 かぶしき stock (company)

to react to, to be influenced by, to go

かぶれる
overboard for, to get rashes

貨幣 かへい money, currency, coinage

構え かまえ posture, pose, style

構え かまえる to set up
る

加味 かみ seasoning, flavoring

噛み
切る かみきる to bite off, to gnaw through

過密 かみつ crowded

かめ earthenware pot

かも かもしれ
知れ may, might, perhaps, may be, possibly
ない
ない

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粥 かゆ (rice) gruel

痒い かゆい itchy, itching

揶揄 to ridicule, to tease, to banter with, to

からかう
う make fun of

身体 からだ the body

体付 からだつ
き き body build, figure

絡む からむ to entangle, to entwine

借り かり borrowing, debt, loan

下吏 かり lower official

加留 かるた (pt:) (n) playing cards (pt: carta)

多

涸れ
る かれる to dry up, to run out

過労 かろう overwork, strain

辛う かろうじ barely, narrowly, just manage to do st

じて て

側 かわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case

可愛 pretty, cute, lovely, charming, dear,

かわいい
い darling, pet

可愛 かわいが to love, to be affectionate

がる る

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可哀 かわいそ poor, pitiable, pathetic

想 う

可愛 かわいら
らし しい lovely, sweet
い

交わ to exchange (messages), to dodge, to

かわす
す parry, to avoid, to turn aside

to take the place of, to relieve, to be

代わ
る かわる substituted for, to be exchanged, to
change places with, to take

代わ かわるが
る代 わる alternately
わる

乾 かん heaven, emperor

管 かん pipe, tube

幹 かん (tree) trunk

crown, diadem, first, best, peerless, cap,

冠 かん naming, designating, initiating on coming
of age, top character ra

観 かん look, appearance, spectacle

house, hall, building, hotel, inn,

館 かん
guesthouse

簡易 かんい SImple, easy, quasi-

感慨 かんがい strong feelings, deep emotion

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寒気 かんき cold, frost, chill

簡潔 かんけつ brief, concise, simple

還元 かんげん Reduce, return

刊行 かんこう publication, issue

慣行 かんこう customary practice, habit, traditional event

advice, counsel, remonstrance,

勧告 かんこく
recommendation

看護 かんご nursing, (army) nurse

漢語 かんご Chinese word, Sino-Japanese word

換算 かんさん conversion, change, exchange

observation, guarding, inspection,

監視 かんし
surveillance

かんしゅ
慣習 usual (historical) custom
う

かんしゅ spectators, onlookers, members of the

観衆 う audience

かんしょ
干渉 interference, intervention
う

かんしょ
感触 く sense of touch, feeling, sensation

肝心 かんじん essential, fundamental, crucial, vital, main

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歓声 かんせい cheer, shout of joy

感染 かんせん infection, contagion

幹線 かんせん main line, trunk line

関税 かんぜい customs, duty, tariff

簡素 かんそ simplicity, plain

観点 かんてん point of view

感度 かんど sensitivity, severity (quake)

幹部 かんぶ management, (executive) staff, leaders

勘弁 かんべん pardon, forgive, excuse

完璧 かんぺき perfect, flawless

感無 かんむ deep feeling, inexpressible feeling, filled

量 りょう with emotion

invitation, solicitation, canvassing,

勧誘 かんゆう
inducement, persuasion, encouragement

participation, taking part in, participating

関与 かんよ
in, being concerned in

慣用 かんよう common, customary

寛容 かんよう forbearance, tolerance, generosity

観覧 かんらん viewing

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かんりょ
官僚 bureaucrat, bureaucracy
う

慣例 かんれい custom, precedent, of convention

還暦 かんれき 60th birthday

貫禄 かんろく presence, dignity

緩和 かんわ relief, mitigation

蓋 がい cover, lid, cap

街 がい ~street, ~quarters

外貨 がいか imported goods, foreign money

外観 がいかん appearance, exterior, facade

がいしょ
外相 う Foreign Minister

害す to injure, to damage, to harm, to kill, to

がいする
る hinder

概説 がいせつ general statement, outline

corresponding, answering to, coming

該当 がいとう
under

街頭 がいとう in the street

概念 がいねん general idea, concept, notion

外来 がいらい imported, outpatient clinic

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がいりゃ
概略 outline, summary, gist, in brief
く

学芸 がくげい arts and sciences, liberal arts

学士 がくし university graduate

学説 がくせつ theory

楽譜 がくふ score (music)

学歴 がくれき academic background

崖 がけ cliff

雅致 がち artistry, good taste, elegance, grace

がっくり heartbroken

がっしょ
合唱 う chorus, singing in a chorus

がっしり firmly, solidly, tough

合致 がっち agreement, concurrence, conforming to

がっちり solidly built, tightly, shrewd, calculating

月日 がっぴ (the) date

combination, union, amalgamation,

合併 がっぺい consolidation, merger, coalition, fusion,
annexation, affiliation, incorpor

がる feel

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側 がわ side, row, surroundings, part, (watch) case

癌 がん cancer

眼科 がんか ophthalmology

がんきゅ
眼球 eyeball
う

がんきょ
眼鏡 う spectacles, glasses

頑固 がんこ stubbornness, obstinacy

願書 がんしょ written application or petition

がんじょ
頑丈 solid, firm, stout, burly, strong, sturdy
う

岩石 がんせき rock

元年 がんねん first year (of a specific reign)

贋物 がんぶつ imitation, counterfeit, forgery, sham

originally, primarily, essentially, logically,

元来 がんらい
naturally

生 き pure, undiluted, raw, crude

期 き period, time

企画 きかく planning, project

規格 きかく standard, norm

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着飾 きかざる to dress up
る

器官 きかん organ (of body), instrument

季刊 きかん quarterly (e.g. magazine)

危害 きがい injury, harm, danger

hesitance, diffidence, feeling constraint,

気兼
ね きがね fear of troubling someone, having
scruples about doing someth

気軽 きがる cheerful, buoyant, lighthearted

危機 きき crisis

聞き
取り ききとり listening comprehension

効き ききめ effect, virtue, efficacy, impression

目

帰京 ききょう returning to Tokyo

基金 ききん fund, foundation

棄権 きけん abstain from voting, renunciation of a right

喜劇 きげき comedy, funny show

起源 きげん origin, beginning, rise

機構 きこう mechanism, organization

既婚 きこん marriage, married

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記載 きさい mention, entry

気障 きざ affectation, conceit, snobbery

兆し きざし signs, omen, symptoms

兆 きざし signs, omen, symptoms

軋む きしむ to jar, to creak, to grate,to screech

気象 きしょう weather, climate

期日 きじつ fixed date, settlement date

記述 きじゅつ describing, descriptor

奇数 きすう odd number

築く きずく to build, to pile up, to amass

傷付 きずつく to be hurt, to be wounded, to get injured

く

規制 きせい regulation

汽船 きせん steamship

寄贈 きぞう donation, presentation

貴族 きぞく noble, aristocrat

鍛え to forge, to drill, to temper, to train, to

きたえる
る discipline

来る きたる to come, to arrive, to be due to, to be next,

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to be forthcoming

気立 きだて disposition, nature

て

きちっと exactly, perfectly

几帳 きちょう
面 めん methodical, punctual, steady

切っ chance, start, cue, excuse, motive,

きっかけ
掛け impetus, occasion

きっかり exactly, precisely

喫茶 きっさ tea drinking, tea house

きっちり precisely, tightly

1. (uk) surely, undoubtedly, certainly,

屹度 きっと
without fail, 2. sternly, severely

きっぱり clearly, plainly, distinctly

規定 きてい regulation, provisions

起点 きてん starting point

軌道 きどう orbit, railroad track

1st in rank, first sign of the Chinese

甲 きのえ
calendar, shell, instep, grade A

気配 きはい indication, market trend, worry

規範 きはん model, standard, pattern, norm, criterion,

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example

気品 きひん elegance

気風 きふう character, traits, ethos

起伏 きふく undulation

規模 きぼう scale, scope, plan, structure

気ま whim, caprice, whimsy, fickle, moody,

きまぐれ
ぐれ uneven temper

生真 too serious, person who is too serious,

きまじめ
面目 honesty, sincerity

期末 きまつ end of term

決ま きまりわ
り悪 feeling awkward, being ashamed
るい
い

決ま to be decided, to be settled, to look good

きまる
る in (clothes)

記名 きめい signature, register

きゃく
脚色 dramatization (e.g. film)
しょく

きゃくほ
脚本 ん Scenario,screenplay

きゃっか
客観 objective
ん

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規約 きやく agreement, rules, code

きゅうえ
救援 relief, rescue, reinforcement
ん

きゅうが temporary absence from school,

休学 く suspension

きゅう
究極 ultimate, final, eventual
きょく

きゅうく narrow, tight, stiff, rigid, uneasy, formal,

窮屈 つ constrained

きゅうこ
球根 (plant) bulb
ん

きゅうさ
救済 い relief, aid, rescue, salvation, help

きゅう
給食 school lunch, providing a meal
しょく

給仕 きゅうじ office boy (girl), page, waiter

きゅうせ
休戦 ん truce, armistice

旧知 きゅうち old friend, old friendship

きゅうで
宮殿 palace
ん

きゅうぼ
窮乏 う Extreme poverty

丘陵 きゅう hill

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りょう

both, neither (neg), all, and, as well as,

共 きょう including, with, together with, plural
ending

offer, present, submit, serve (a meal),

供 きょう
supply

驚異 きょうい wonder, miracle

きょうい
教員 teaching staff
ん

教科 きょうか subject, curriculum

きょうか
協会 い association, society, organization

きょうか
共感 sympathy, response
ん

きょうが
共学 く coeducation

conference, consultation, discussion,

協議 きょうぎ
negotiation

きょうく
教訓 ん lesson, precept, moral instruction

きょうぐ
境遇 environment, circumstances
う

きょうこ
強行 う forcing, enforcement

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きょうこ firm, vigorous, unbending, unyielding,

強硬 う strong, stubborn

きょうさ
凶作 く bad harvest, poor crop

きょうさ
共産 communism
ん

きょうざ
教材 い teaching materials

きょう
教習 training, instruction
しゅう

きょう
郷愁 しゅう homesickness

きょう teaching certificate, the teaching

教職 しょく profession

きょう reception, acceptance, enjoyment, being

享受 じゅ given

興じ きょうじ to amuse oneself, to make merry,to enjoy

る る

きょうせ obligation, coercion, compulsion,

強制 い enforcement

きょうそ
共存 coexistence
ん

姉妹 しまい sisters

きょう co-operation, conciliation, harmony, firm

協調 ちょう (market) tone

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きょうて
協定 arrangement, pact, agreement
い

きょうは
脅迫 く threat, menace, coercion, terrorism

きょうめ
共鳴 resonance, sympathy
い

郷里 きょうり birth-place, home town

きょうれ
強烈 つ strong, intense, severe

共和 きょうわ republicanism, cooperation

曲 きょく tune, piece of music

きょくげ
局限 limit, localize
ん

きょくた
極端 ん extreme, extremity

きょじゅ
居住 residence
う

拒絶 きょぜつ refusal, rejection

拒否 きょひ denial, veto, rejection, refusal

許容 きょよう permission, pardon

距離 きょり distance, range

寄与 きよ contribution, service

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清ら きよらか clean, pure, chaste

か

気楽 きらく at ease, comfortable

煌び きらびや
やか か gorgeous, gaudy, dazzling, gay

limits, end, bounds, period, place to leave

切り きり off, closing sentence, all there is, only,
since

桐 きり paulownia tree

切り to change, to exchange, to convert, to

きりかえ
替え る renew, to throw a switch, to replace, to
る switch over

気流 きりゅう atmospheric current

奇麗 きれい pretty, clean, nice, tidy, beautiful, fair

break, pause, gap, end, rift, interruption,

切れ
目 きれめ cut, section, notch, incision, end (of a
task)

際 きわ edge, brink, verge, side

木綿 きわた cotton

極め きわめて exceedingly, extremely

て

僅 きん a little, small quantity

近眼 きんがん nearsightedness, shortsightedness,

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myopia

きんきゅ
緊急 urgent, pressing, emergency
う

近々 きんきん nearness, before long

近郊 きんこう suburbs, outskirts

均衡 きんこう equilibrium, balance

近視 きんし shortsightedness

禁じ
る きんじる to prohibit

禁ず きんずる to forbid, to suppress

る

勤勉 きんべん industry, diligence

勤務 きんむ service, duty, work

禁物 きんもつ taboo, forbidden thing

勤労 きんろう labor, exertion, diligent service

議案 ぎあん legislative bill

戯曲 ぎきょく play, drama

議決 ぎけつ resolution, decision, vote

議事
堂 ぎじどう Diet building

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犠牲 ぎせい sacrifice

forgery, falsification, fabrication,

偽造 ぎぞう
counterfeiting

議題 ぎだい topic of discussion, agenda

技能 ぎのう technical skill, ability, capacity

ぎゃくて (sudden) change, reversal, turn-around,

逆転 ん coming from behind (baseball)

行 ぎょう line, row, verse

ぎょう
業者 trader, merchant
しゃ

ぎょうせ
行政 い administration

ぎょうせ achievement, performance, results, work,

業績 き contribution

業務 ぎょうむ business, affairs, duties, work

玉 ぎょく king (shogi)

漁船 ぎょせん fishing boat

漁村 ぎょそん fishing village

duty, sense of duty, honor, decency,

義理 ぎり courtesy, debt of gratitude, social
obligation

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疑惑 ぎわく doubt, misgivings, distrust, suspicion

吟味 ぎんみ testing, scrutiny, careful investigation

区 く ward, district, section

食い くいちが to cross each other, to run counter to, to

違う う differ, to clash, to go awry

空腹 くうふく hunger

division, section, compartment, boundary,

区画 くかく
area, block

区間 くかん section (of track etc)

茎 くき stalk

区切 くぎり an end, a stop, punctuation

り

1. to drive, to pass through, 2. to evade, to

潜る くぐる hide, 3. to dive (into or under water), to go
underground

種々 くさぐさ variety

嚏 くしゃみ sneeze

旧事 くじ past events, bygones

籤引 くじびき lottery, drawn lot

擽 くすぐっ
ぐっ たい ticklish
たい

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草臥 くたびれ to get tired, to wear out

れる る

下ら くだらな
ない い good-for-nothing, stupid, trivial, worthless

example, precedent, the usual, the said,

件 くだん
the above-mentioned, (man) in question

口ず くちずさ
さむ む to hum something, to sing to oneself

嘴 くちばし beak, bill

朽ち くちる to rot
る

くっきり distinctly, clearly, boldly

屈折 くっせつ bending, indentation, refraction

くっ
付く くっつく to adhere to, to keep close to

くっ くっつけ
付け to attach
る
る

くつがえ to overturn, to upset, to overthrow, to

覆す す undermine

諄い くどい verbose, importunate, heavy (taste)

くにざか
国境 national or state border
い

首飾 くびかざ necklace

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り り

首輪 くびわ necklace, choker

組み くみあわ
合わ せ combination
せ

組み くみあわ
合わ to join together, to combine, to join up
せる
せる

組み
込む くみこむ to insert, to include, to cut in (printing)

warehouse, cellar, magazine, granary,

蔵 くら
godown, depository, treasury, elevator

苦し くるしめ
める る to torment, to harass, to inflict pain

to be engulfed in, to be enveloped by, to

包む くるむ wrap up, to tuck in, to pack, to do up, to
cover with, to dress i

呉れ くれぐれ
呉れ repeatedly, sincerely, earnestly
も
も

呉れ to give, to let one have, to do for one, to

くれる
る be given

玄人 くろうと expert, professional, geisha, prostitute

黒字 くろじ balance (figure) in the black

君主 くんしゅ ruler, monarch

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愚痴 ぐち idle complaint, grumble

ぐっと firmly, fast, much, more

ぐらい approximately

群 ぐん group (math)

軍艦 ぐんかん warship, battleship

ぐんしゅ (social) group, crowd, throng, mob,

群集 う multitude

軍事 ぐんじ military affairs

軍備 ぐんび armaments, military preparations

軍服 ぐんぷく military or naval uniform

刑 けい penalty, sentence, punishment

頃 けい time, about, toward, approximately (time)

傾 けい lean, incline

系 けい system, lineage, group

経過 けいか passage, expiration, progress

rhythmical (e.g. melody), casual (e.g.

軽快 けいかい
dress), light, nimble

警戒 けいかい warning, admonition, vigilance

計器 けいき meter, gauge

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契機 けいき opportunity, chance

敬具 けいぐ Sincerely yours

軽減 けいげん abatement

掲載 けいさい appearance (e.g. article in paper)

傾斜 けいしゃ inclination, slant, slope, bevel, list, dip

形成 けいせい formation

形勢 けいせい condition, situation, prospects

軽率 けいそつ rash, thoughtless, careless, hasty

携帯 けいたい carrying something

形態 けいたい form, shape, figure

刑罰 けいばつ judgement, penalty, punishment

経費 けいひ expenses, cost, outlay

警部 けいぶ police inspector

軽蔑 けいべつ scorn, disdain

経歴 けいれき personal history, career

経路 けいろ course, route, channel

汚す けがす to disgrace, to dishonour

汚ら けがらわ filthy, unfair

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わし しい
い

汚れ けがれ uncleanness, impurity, disgrace

汚れ
る けがれる to get dirty, to become dirty

けもの、
獣 beast, brute
けだもの

stinginess, miser, miserliness, skinflint,

吝嗇 けち
tightwad, niggard, pinching pennies

結核 けっかく tuberculosis, tubercule

血管 けっかん blood vessel

doing (with resolve), carrying out (i.e. a

決行 けっこう
plan)

決算 けっさん balance sheet, settlement of accounts

けっしょ
決勝 う decision of a contest, finals (in sports)

けっしょ
結晶 crystal, crystallization
う

結成 けっせい formation

結束 けっそく union, unity

傑 けつ excellence

決意 けつい decision, determination

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決議 けつぎ resolution, vote, decision

結合 けつごう combination, union

決断 けつだん decision, determination

欠乏 けつぼう want, shortage, famine

蹴飛 to kick away, to kick off, to kick

けとばす
ばす (someone), to refuse, to reject

貶す けなす to speak ill of

煙た
い けむたい smoky, feeling awkward

煙る けむる to smoke (e.g. fire)

家来 けらい retainer, retinue, servant

けれど but, however

圏 けん sphere, circle, range

権 けん authority, the right (to do something)

権威 けんい authority, power, influence

けんぎょ
兼業 side line, second business
う

権限 けんげん power, authority, jurisdiction

健在 けんざい in good health, well

懸賞 けんしょ offering prizes, winning, reward

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検事 けんじ public prosecutor

健全 けんぜん health, soundness, wholesome

見地 けんち point of view

賢明 けんめい wisdom, intelligence, prudence

倹約 けんやく thrift, economy, frugality

multi-use, combined use, combination,

兼用 けんよう
serving two purposes

けんりょ
権力 power, authority, influence
く

劇団 げきだん troupe, theatrical company

激励 げきれい encouragement

月謝 げっしゃ monthly (tuition) fee

げっそり being disheartened, losing weight

月賦 げっぷ monthly installment

下痢 げり diarrhoea

original, primitive, primary, fundamental,

原 げん
raw

原形 げんけい original form, base form

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現行 げんこう present, current, in operation

原作 げんさく original work

原子 げんし atom

元首 げんしゅ ruler, sovereign

原書 げんしょ original document

げんしょ
減少 decrease, reduction, decline
う

現場 げんば actual spot, scene, scene of the crime

元素 げんそ chemical element

原則 げんそく principle, general rule

現像 げんぞう developing (film)

現地 げんち actual place, local

限定 げんてい limit, restriction

原点 げんてん origin (coordinates), starting point

原典 げんてん original (text)

減点 げんてん subtract, give a demerit

原爆 げんばく atomic bomb

原文 げんぶん the text, original

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厳密 げんみつ strict, close

原油 げんゆ crude oil

言論 げんろん discussion

故 こ the late (deceased)

戸 こ counter for houses

児 こ child, the young of animals

拗ら こじらせ Make worse, worsen a situation

せる る

恋す
る こいする to fall in love with, to love

10^38, hundred undecillion (American),

溝 こう
hundred sextillion (British)

校 こう -school, proof

好意 こうい good will, favor, courtesy

行為 こうい act, deed, conduct

行員 こういん bank clerk

交易 こうえき trade, commerce

公演 こうえん public performance

後悔 こうかい regret, repentance

公開 こうかい presenting to the public

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航海 こうかい sail, voyage

工学 こうがく engineering

皇居 こうきょ Imperial Palace

こうきょ
好況 prosperous conditions, healthy economy
う

抗議 こうぎ protest, objection

こうぎょ
鉱業 う mining industry

こうぎょ
興業 industrial enterprise
う

高原 こうげん tableland, plateau

煌々 こうこう
と と brilliantly, brightly

考古 こうこが archaeology
学 く

交互 こうご mutual, reciprocal, alternate

work, construction, handicraft,

工作 こうさく
maneuvering

耕作 こうさく cultivation, farming

鉱山 こうざん mine (ore)

こうしゅ
講習 short course, training
う

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こうしょ
交渉 negotiations, discussions, connection
う

こうしょ
高尚 う high, noble, refined, advanced

行進 こうしん march, parade

香辛 こうしん spices
料 りょう

こうじゅ
口述 つ verbal statement

控除 こうじょ subsidy, deduction

こうじょ elevation, rise, improvement,

向上 う advancement, progress

降水 こうすい rainfall, precipitation

洪水 こうずい flood

公然 こうぜん open (e.g. secret), public, official

抗争 こうそう dispute, resistance

構想 こうそう plan, plot, idea, conception

拘束 こうそく restriction, restraint

後退 こうたい retreat, backspace (BS)

brilliance, polish, lustre, glossy finish (of

光沢 こうたく
photographs)

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公団 こうだん public corporation

こうちょ favourable, promising, satisfactory, in

好調 う good shape

口頭 こうとう oral

講読 こうどく reading, translation

購読 こうどく subscription (e.g. magazine)

こうにゅ
購入 う purchase, buy

official recognition, authorization, licence,

公認 こうにん
accreditation

光熱 こうねつ
費 ひ cost of fuel and light

荒廃 こうはい ruin

購買 こうばい purchase, buy

こうひょ
好評 popularity, favorable reputation
う

交付 こうふ delivering, furnishing (with copies)

降伏 こうふく capitulation, surrender, submission

興奮 こうふん excitement, stimulation, agitation, arousal

公募 こうぼ public offering(e.g.,新規株式公募)

巧妙 こうみょ ingenious, skillful, clever, deft

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government business, public use, public

公用 こうよう
expense

小売 こうり retail

効率 こうりつ efficiency

公立 こうりつ public (institution)

小柄 こがら short (build)

小切 こぎって cheque, check

手

国産 こくさん domestic products

国定 こくてい state-sponsored, national

国土 こくど realm

告白 こくはく confession, acknowledgement

国防 こくぼう national defence

国有 こくゆう national ownership

国連 こくれん U.N., United Nations

漕ぐ こぐ to row, to scull, to paddle （漕ぎ渡る）

焦げ
茶 こげちゃ black tea

個々 ここ individual, one by one

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箇箇 ここ individual, separate

心地 ここち feeling, sensation, mood

心得 こころえ knowledge, information

心掛 こころが readiness, intention, aim

け け

心掛 こころが
ける ける to bear in mind, to aim to do

こころざ
志 will, intention, motive
し

こころざ to plan, to intend, to aspire to, to set aims

志す す (sights on)

心強 こころづ heartening, reassuring

い よい

心細 こころぼ helpless, forlorn, hopeless, unpromising,

い そい lonely, discouraging, disheartening

試み こころみ trial, experiment

試み こころみ to try, to test

る る

こころよ
快い い pleasant, agreeable

凝ら こごらす to freeze, to congeal

す

凝る こごる to congeal, to freeze

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拵え こしらえ to make, to manufacture

る る

孤児 こじ orphan

拗れ
る こじれる to get complicated, to grow worse

故人 こじん the deceased, old friend

梢 こずえ treetop

個性 こせい individuality, personality, idiosyncrasy

戸籍 こせき census, family register

小銭 こぜに coins, small change

固体 こたい solid (body)

答え こたえ answer, response

to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with,

堪え
る こたえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t

table with heater, (orig) charcoal brazier in

火燵 こたつ
a floor well

古代 こだい ancient times

to fuss over, to be particular about, to be

こだわる
concerned about

誇張 こちょう exaggeration

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funny, humorous, comical, laughable,

滑稽 こっけい ridiculous, joking (e.g.,道化師の滑稽な仕
草)

国交 こっこう diplomatic relations

骨董 こっとう
品 ひん curio

骨 こつ knack, skill

固定 こてい fixation

事柄 ことがら matter, thing, affair, circumstance

ことごと
悉く altogether, entirely
く

言伝 ことづて declaration, hearsay

殊に ことに especially, above all

事に ことによ
よる ると depending on the circumstances
と

孤独 こどく isolation, loneliness, solitude

粉々 こなごな in very small pieces

此の この this

この このあい the other day, lately, recently

間 だ

この このごろ recently

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好ま このまし
しい い nice, likeable, desirable

個別 こべつ particular case

零す こぼす to spill

零れ こぼれる to overflow, to spill

る

細や
か こまやか friendly

混む こむ to be crowded

込め こめる to include, to put into

る

to seclude oneself, to be confined in, to be

篭る こもる
implied, to be stuffy

characteristic, tradition, peculiar, inherent,

固有 こゆう
eigen-

雇用 こよう employment (long term), hire

暦 こよみ calendar, almanac

to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with,

堪え
る こらえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t

孤立 こりつ isolation, helplessness

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懲り こりる to learn a lesson, to have enough of

る

此れ これ this

此れ
等 これら these

魂 こん soul, spirit

根気 こんき patience, perseverance, energy

根拠 こんきょ basis, foundation

混血 こんけつ mixed race, mixed parentage

こんちゅ
昆虫 insect, bug
う

根底 こんてい root, basis, foundation

混同 こんどう confusion, mixing, merger

今日 こんにち
は は hello, good day (daytime greeting id)

今晩 こんばん good evening

は は

origin, source, foundation, root, base,

根本 こんぽん
principle

御 ご go-, honourable

語彙 ごい vocabulary, glossary

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濠 ごう moat

Buddhist karma, actions committed in a

業 ごう
former life

号 ごう number, issue

agreement, consent, mutual

合意 ごうい
understanding

合議 ごうぎ consultation, conference

強気 ごうぎ great, grand

synthesis, composition, synthetic,

合成 ごうせい
composite, mixed, combined, compound

護衛 ごえい guard, convoy, escort

語句 ごく words, phrases

極楽 ごくらく paradise

ご苦 ごくろう
労様 さま Thank you very much for your....

語源 ごげん word root, word derivation, etymology

誤差 ごさ error

ご座 ございま
いま to be (polite), to exist
す
す

ご馳
走 ごちそう feast, treating (someone)

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ご馳 ごちそう
走さ feast
さま
ま

毎 ごと each respectively

碁盤 ごばん Go board

ご無
沙汰 ごぶさた not writing or contacting for a while

誤魔 ごまかす to deceive, to falsify, to misrepresent

化す

御免 ごめんく
くだ ださい May I come in?
さい

御免 ごめんな
なさ I beg your pardon, excuse me
さい
い

御覧 ごらんな
なさ さい (please) look, (please) try to do
い

佐 さ help

再 さい re-, again, repeated

差異 さい difference, disparity

歳 さい #NAME?

再会 さいかい another meeting, meeting again, reunion

災害 さいがい calamity, disaster, misfortune

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細菌 さいきん bacillus, bacterium, germ

細工 さいく work, craftsmanship, tactics, trick

採掘 さいくつ mining

採決 さいけつ vote, roll call

再建 さいけん rebuilding, reconstruction, rehabilitation

reappearance, reproduction, return,

再現 さいげん
revival

採算 さいさん profit

さいしゅ
採集 う collecting, gathering

playback, regeneration, resuscitation,

再生 さいせい return to life, rebirth, reincarnation, narrow
escape, reclamation, r

最善 さいぜん the very best

採択 さいたく adoption, selection, choice

再発 さいはつ return, relapse, reoccurrence

栽培 さいばい cultivation

細胞 さいぼう cell (biology)

採用 さいよう use, adopt

遮る さえぎる to interrupt, to intercept, to obstruct

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囀る さえずる to sing, to chirp, to twitter

冴え to be clear, to be serene, to be cold, to be

さえる
る skillful

竿 さお rod, pole (e.g. for drying laundry)

栄え
る さかえる to prosper, to flourish

杯 さかずき wine cups

逆立 さかだち handstand, headstand

ち

逆上 さかのぼ to go back, to go upstream, to make

る る retroactive

to prosper, to flourish, to copulate

盛る さかる
(animals)

差額 さがく balance, difference, margin

下が to hang down, to abate, to retire, to fall, to

る さがる
step back

一昨 さきおと two days before yesterday

昨日 とい

before, earlier than, ahead, beyond, away,

先に さきに
previously, recently

詐欺 さぎ fraud, swindle

作 さく a work, a harvest

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策 さく plan, policy

柵 さく fence, paling

削減 さくげん cut, reduction, curtailment

錯誤 さくご mistake

military or naval operations, tactics,

作戦 さくせん
strategy

作物 さくぶつ literary work

叫び さけび shout, scream, outcry

裂け
る さける to split, to tear, to burst

捧げ to lift up, to give, to offer, to consecrate, to

ささげる
る devote, to sacrifice, to dedicate

差し さしかか
掛か る to come near to, to approach
る

指図 さしず instruction, mandate, order, command

差し さしだす to present, to submit, to tender, to hold out

出す

差し さしつか
支え える to interfere, to hinder, to become impeded
る

差し さしひく to deduct
引く

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些事 さじ something small or petty, trifle

授け さずける to grant, to award, to teach

る

嘸 さぞ I am sure, certainly, no doubt

定ま
る さだまる to become settled, to be fixed

定め さだめる to decide, to establish, to determine

る

錯覚 さっかく optical illusion, hallucination

さっきゅ
早急 う urgent

察す to guess, to sense, to presume, to judge,

さっする
る to sympathize with

さっと quickly, suddenly

冊 さつ counter for books

殺人 さつじん murder

偖 さて well, now, then

to attain enlightenment, to perceive, to

悟る さとる
understand, to discern

真実 さな truth, reality

裁く さばく to judge

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錆び さび rust (colour)

左程 さほど (not) very, (not) much

様 さま Mr. or Mrs., manner, kind, appearance

三味 さみせん three-stringed Japanese guitar, shamisen

線

侍 さむらい Samurai, warrior

然も さも with gusto, with satisfaction

作用 さよう action, operation, effect, function

左様 さような
なら ら good-bye

to carry off, to run away with, to kidnap, to

拐う さらう
abduct

爽や fresh, refreshing, invigorating, clear,

さわやか
か fluent, eloquent

to hinder, to interfere with, to affect, to do

障る さわる
one harm, to be harmful to

酸 さん acid

さん Mr or Mrs

酸化 さんか oxidation

山岳 さんがく mountains

産休 さんきゅ maternity leave

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さんきょ
桟橋 う wharf, bridge, jetty, pier

参議 さんぎい House of Councillors

院 ん

産後 さんご postpartum, after childbirth

さんしゅ
産出 つ yield, produce

さんしょ
参照 reference, consultation, consultation
う

さんじょ
参上 う calling on, visiting

賛成 さんせい approval, agreement, support, favour

賛美 さんび praise, adoration, glorification

産婦 さんふじ maternity and gynecology department

人科 んか

産物 さんぶつ product, result, fruit

山腹 さんぷく hillside, mountainside

さんみゃ
山脈 く mountain range

財 ざい fortune, riches

財源 ざいげん source of funds, resources, finances

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在庫 ざいこ stockpile, stock

財政 ざいせい economy, financial affairs

座談 ざだんか symposium, round-table discussion

会 い

miscellaneous goods, general goods,

雑貨 ざっか
sundries

雑 ざつ rough, crude

雑談 ざつだん chatting, idle talk

various kinds of small trees, assorted

雑木 ざつぼく
trees

座標 ざひょう coordinate(s)

残金 ざんきん remaining money

残酷 ざんこく cruelty, harshness

残高 ざんだか (bank) balance, remainder

死 し death, decease

10^24 (kanji is JIS X 0212 kuten 4906),

し
septillion (American), quadrillion (British)

次 じ order, sequence, times, next, below

仕上 しあがり finish, end, completion

がり

仕上 しあげ end, finishing touches, being finished

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仕上
げる しあげる to finish up, to complete

明々 しあさっ two days after tomorrow

後日 て

飼育 しいく breeding, raising, rearing

強い
て しいて by force

強い しいる to force, to compel, to coerce

る

仕入 to lay in stock, to replenish stock, to

しいれる
れる procure

しいんと silent (as the grave), (deathly) quiet

歯科 しか dentistry

資格 しかく qualifications, requirements, capabilities

視覚 しかく sense of sight, vision

device, trick, mechanism, gadget, (small)

仕掛
け しかけ scale, half finished, commencement, set
up, challenge

仕掛 to commence, to lay (mines), to set

しかける
ける (traps), to wage (war), to challenge

然し しかし however, but

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然し しかしな
なが nevertheless, however
がら
ら

moreover, furthermore, nevertheless, and

而も しかも
yet

市街 しがい urban areas, the streets, town, city

指揮 しき command, direction

色彩 しきさい colour, hue, tints

しきじょ ceremonial hall, place of ceremony (e.g.

式場 う marriage)

為来
り しきたり customs

頻り frequently, repeatedly, incessantly,

しきりに
に eagerly

仕切 to partition, to divide, to mark off, to settle

しきる
る accounts, to toe the mark

資金 しきん funds, capital

施行 しっこう 1. execution, enforcing, carrying out

しくじる to fail, to fall through, to blunder

仕組 devising, plan, plot, contrivance,

しくみ
み construction, arrangement

死刑 しけい death penalty, capital punishment

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湿気 しける to be damp, to be moist

る

思考 しこう thought

志向 しこう intention, aim

嗜好 しこう taste, liking, preference

視察 しさつ inspection, observation

資産 しさん property, fortune, means, assets

刺繍 ししゅう embroidery

支持 しじ support, maintenance

指示 しじ indication, instruction, directions

雫 しずく drop (of water)

沈め
る しずめる to sink, to submerge

institution, establishment, facility, (army)

施設 しせつ
engineer

子息 しそく son

to yearn for, to miss, to adore, to love

慕う したう
dearly

従っ したがっ therefore, consequently, in accordance

て て with

下心 したごこ secret intention, motive

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親し
む したしむ to be intimate with, to befriend

下調 したしら preliminary investigation, preparation

べ べ

groundwork, foundation, inclination,

下地 したじ aptitude, elementary knowledge of,
grounding in, prearrangement, spade

認め したため
る る to write up

仕立 to tailor, to make, to prepare, to train, to

したてる
てる send (a messenger)

下取
り したどり trade in, part exchange

下火 したび burning low, waning, declining, die down

disqualification, elimination, incapacity

失格 しっかく
(legal)

firmly, tightly, reliable, level-headed,

確り しっかり
steady

質素 しっそ simplicity, modesty, frugality

しっちょ
失調 lack of harmony
う

嫉妬 しっと jealousy

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尻尾 しっぽ tail (animal)

室 しつ room

質疑 しつぎ question

home discipline, training, upbringing,

躾 しつけ
breeding

仕付 to be used to a job, to begin to do, to

しつける
ける baste, to tack, to plant

指摘 してき pointing out, identification

視点 してん opinion, point of view, visual point

萎び しなびる to wilt, to fade, to shrivel up

る

嫋か しなやか supple, flexible, elastic

excreta, raw sewage, human waste, night

屎尿 しにょう
soil

to outdo, to surpass, to endure, to keep

凌ぐ しのぐ out (rain), to stave off, to tide over, to pull
through, to defy, t

始発 しはつ first train

芝 しば lawn, sod, turf

屡 しばしば often, again and again, frequently

暫く しばらく little while

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痺れ to become numb, to go to sleep (i.e. a

しびれる
る limb)

1. tasteful (clothing), cool, an aura of

渋い しぶい refined masculinity, 2. astringent, sullen,
bitter (taste), 3

私物 しぶつ private property, personal effects

しぶとい tenacious, stubborn

司法 しほう administration of justice

脂肪 しぼう fat, grease, blubber

志望 しぼう wish, desire, ambition

萎む しぼむ to wither, to fade (away), to shrivel, to wilt

仕舞 しまい end, termination, informal (Noh play)

仕舞 to finish, to close, to do something

しまう
う completely, to put away, to put an end to

しまった Damn it!

management, dealing, settlement,

始末 しまつ
cleaning up afterwards

泌み
泌み しみじみ keenly, deeply, heartily

染み しみる to pierce, to permeate

る

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使命 しめい mission, errand, message

締め closing, cut-off, end, deadline, Closed, No

しめきり
切り Entrance

僕 しもべ manservant, servant (of God)

社交 しゃこう social life, social intercourse

謝絶 しゃぜつ refusal

社宅 しゃたく company owned house

しゃっく
吃逆 り hiccough, hiccup

喋る しゃべる to talk, to chat, to chatter

斜面 しゃめん slope, slanting surface, bevel

洒落 しゃらく frank, open-hearted

洒落 しゃれる to joke, to play on words, to dress stylishly

る

視野 しや field of vision, outlook

種 しゅ kind, variety, species

衆 しゅう masses, great number, the people

circuit, lap, circumference, vicinity, Chou

周 しゅう
(dynasty)

しゅうえ
収益 earnings, proceeds, returns
き

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しゅうが
修学 learning
く

周期 しゅうき cycle, period

衆議 しゅうぎ
院 いん Lower House, House of Representatives

しゅう
就業 employment, starting work
ぎょう

しゅう pursuit of knowledge, studying, learning,

修行 ぎょう training, ascetic practice, discipline

しゅうけ
集計 totalization, aggregate
い

しゅうげ
襲撃 き attack, charge, raid

収支 しゅうし income and expenditure

beginning and end, from beginning to end,

終始 しゅうし
doing a thing from beginning to end

修士 しゅうし Masters degree program

しゅう
収集 しゅう gathering up, collection, accumulation

ornamentation, embellishment,
しゅう
修飾 しょく decoration, adornment, polish up (writing),
modification (gram)

しゅうじ
終日 all day
つ

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しゅう
執着 attachment, adhesion, tenacity
じゃく

accommodation, reception, seating,

しゅうよ
収容 う housing, custody, admission, entering (in
a dictionary)

しゅう
修了 りょう completion (of a course)

守衛 しゅえい security guard, doorkeeper

主演 しゅえん starring, playing the leading part

主観 しゅかん subjectivity, subject, ego

祝賀 しゅくが celebration, congratulations

しゅくめ
宿命 fate, destiny, predestination
い

主権 しゅけん sovereignty, supremacy, dominion

手芸 しゅげい handicrafts

主催 しゅさい organization, sponsorship

取材 しゅざい choice of subject, collecting data

趣旨 しゅし object, meaning

しゅしょ
主食 く staple food

主人 しゅじん protagonist, main character, hero(ine) (of

公 こう a story), head of household

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主体 しゅたい subject, main constituent

主題 しゅだい subject, theme, motif

しゅっけ
出血 bleeding, haemorrhage
つ

しゅっさ
出産 ん (child)birth, delivery, production (of goods)

しゅっ
出社 arrival (in a country at work etc.)
しゃ

しゅっ
出生 しょう birth

promotion, successful in life (e.g. career),

出世 しゅっせ
eminence

出費 しゅっぴ expenses, disbursements

しゅっぴ
出品 ん exhibit, display

しゅつえ
出演 performance, stage appearance
ん

しゅつだ
出題 い proposing a question

しゅつど
出動 sailing, marching, going out
う

主導 しゅどう main leadership

主任 しゅにん person in charge, responsible official

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首脳 しゅのう head, brains

守備 しゅび defense

手法 しゅほう technique

私有 しゆう private ownership

諸 しょ various, many, several

背負 to be burdened with, to carry on back or

せおう
う shoulder

象 しょう phenomenon

症 しょう illness

wound, injury, hurt, cut, gash, bruise,

傷 しょう
scratch, scar, weak point

商 しょう quotient

しょう elimination, erasing, dying out, melting

消去 きょ away

しょうげ
衝撃 き shock, crash, impact, ballistic

しょうげ
証言 evidence, testimony
ん

証拠 しょうこ evidence, proof

しょうこ
消耗 う exhaustion, consumption

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しょうご
照合 collation, comparison
う

しょうさ
詳細 い detail, particulars

しょうし
昇進 promotion
ん

しょうす
少数 う minority, few

称す しょうす to pretend, to take the name of, to feign,

る る to purport

しょうそ
消息 く news, letter, circumstances, information

しょうだ
承諾 consent, acquiescence, agreement
く

しょう
象徴 ちょう symbol

小児 しょうに pediatrics
科 か

しょうに
証人 ん witness

しょうめ
照明 illumination
い

勝利 しょうり victory, triumph, conquest, success, win

しょうれ encouragement, promotion, message,

奨励 い address

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しょくい
職員 staff member, personnel
ん

植民 しょくみ
地 んち colony

職務 しょくむ professional duties

諸君 しょくん Gentlemen!, Ladies!

所在 しょざい whereabouts

所々 しょしょ here and there, some parts (of something)

所持 しょじ possession, owning

所属 しょぞく attached to, belong to

処置 しょち a measure, disposal, treatment, a step

しょっ always, constantly

ちゅう

所定 しょてい fixed, prescribed, designated, appointed

所得 しょとく income, earnings

初版 しょはん first edition

処罰 しょばつ punishment

しょひょ
書評 う book review

処分 しょぶん disposal, dealing, punishment

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庶民 しょみん masses, common people

庶務 しょむ general affairs

私用 しよう personal use, private business

way, method, resource, remedy,

仕様 しよう
(technical) specification

使用 しように
人 ん employee, servant

調べ しらべ preparation, investigation, inspection

知り しりあい acquaintance
合い

退く しりぞく to retreat, to recede, to withdraw

退け しりぞけ
る る to repel, to drive away

記す しるす to note, to write down

指令 しれい orders, instructions, directive

代 しろ price, materials, substitution

皺 しわ wrinkles, creases

新 しん new

進化 しんか evolution, progress

殿 しんがり rear, rear unit guard （行列のしんがり）

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審議 しんぎ deliberation

進行 しんこう advance

新興 しんこう rising, developing, emergent

振興 しんこう promotion, encouragement

report, statement, filing a return,

申告 しんこく
notification

新婚 しんこん newly-wed

judging, inspection, examination,

審査 しんさ
investigation

紳士 しんし gentleman

しんしゅ
進出 advance, step forward
つ

信者 しんじゃ believer, adherent, devotee, Christian

真珠 しんじゅ pearl

しんじゅ
心中 う double suicide, lovers suicide

しんじょ
心情 mentality
う

新人 しんじん new face, newcomer

神聖 しんせい holiness, sacredness, dignity

親善 しんぜん friendship

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真相 しんそう truth, real situation

新築 しんちく new building, new construction

進呈 しんてい presentation

進展 しんてん progress, development

神殿 しんでん temple, sacred place

進度 しんど progress

振動 しんどう oscillation, vibration

新入 しんにゅ freshman, first-year student

生 うせい

信任 しんにん trust, confidence, credence

refereeing, trial, judgement, umpire,

審判 しんばん
referee

神秘 しんぴ mystery

辛抱 しんぼう patience, endurance

真理 しんり truth

しんりゃ
侵略 aggression, invasion, raid
く

しんりょ medical examination and treatment,

診療 う diagnosis

進路 しんろ course, route

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自覚 じかく self-conscious

地方 ちほう area, locality, district, region, the coast

自我 じが self, the ego

磁気 じき magnetism

磁器 じき porcelain, china

project, enterprise, business, industry,

事業 じぎょう
operations

地形 ちけい terrain, geographical features, topography

軸 じく axis, stem, shaft, axle

自己 じこ self, oneself

事項 じこう matter, item, facts

時刻 じこく
表 ひょう table, diagram, chart, timetable, schedule

地獄 じごく hell

時差 じさ time difference

自在 じざい freely, at will, voluntary

自主 じしゅ independence, autonomy

自首 じしゅ surrender, give oneself up

辞職 じしょく resignation

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自信 じしん self-confidence

事前 じぜん prior, beforehand, in advance

自尊 じそんし self-respect, conceit

心 ん

持続 じぞく continuation

字体 じたい type, font, lettering

辞退 じたい refusal

じっくり deliberately, carefully

実質 じっしつ substance, essence

実践 じっせん practice, put into practice

実態 じったい truth, fact

実費 じっぴ actual expense, cost price

十分 じっぷん 10 minutes

truth, reality, sincerity, fidelity, kindness,

実 じつ
faith, substance, essence

実業 じつぎょ industrialist, businessman

家 うか

じつじょ real condition, actual circumstances,

実情 う actual state of affairs

自転 じてん rotation, spin

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自動 じどうし intransitive verb (no direct obj)

詞

地主 じぬし landlord

耳鼻
科 じびか otolaryngology

地元 じもと local

弱 じゃく weakness, the weak, little less then

じゃっか
若干 some, few, number of
ん

砂利 じゃり gravel, ballast, pebbles

じゃ じゃんけ
ん拳 ん rock-scissors-paper game

住 じゅう dwelling, living

じゅう
従業 ぎょうい employee, worker
員 ん

従事 じゅうじ engaging, pursuing, following

じゅうじ fullness, completion, perfection,

充実 つ substantiality, enrichment

十字 じゅうじ crossroads
路 ろ

じゅうた
絨毯 ん carpet

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じゅうな
柔軟 flexible, lithe
ん

じゅうふ duplication, repetition, overlapping,

重複 く redundancy, restoration

じゅうほ priceless treasure, convenience,

重宝 う usefulness

じゅうら
従来 い up to now, so far, traditional

塾 じゅく coaching school, lessons

樹木 じゅもく trees and shrubs, arbour

樹立 じゅりつ establish, create

じゅん local express (train slower than an

準急 きゅう express)

準じ じゅんじ
る る to follow, to conform, to apply to

準ず じゅんず to apply correspondingly, to correspond

る る to, to be proportionate to, to conform to

助 じょ help, rescue, assistant

情 じょう feelings, emotion, passion

畳 じょう #NAME?

尉 じょう jailer, old man, rank, company officer

嬢 じょう young woman

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状 じょう shape

superior (rank not class), higher order

上位 じょうい (e.g. byte), host computer (of connected
device)

じょうえ
上演 performance (e.g. music)
ん

城下 じょうか land near the castle

じょうか
乗客 く passenger

じょうく
上空 sky, the skies, high-altitude sky, upper air
う

上司 じょうし superior authorities, boss

じょう
情緒 しょ emotion, feeling

じょう
上昇 rising, ascending, climbing
しょう

じょうせ
情勢 い state of things, condition, situation

じょうね
情熱 passion, enthusiasm, zeal
つ

1. hero, gentleman, warrior, manly person,

丈夫 じょうふ 2. good health, robustness, strong, solid,
durable

譲歩 じょうほ concession, conciliation, compromise

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じょうや
条約 treaty, pact
く

じょうり
上陸 く landing, disembarkation

じょう
蒸留 distillation
りゅう

除外 じょがい exception, exclusion

助言 じょげん advice, suggestion

徐行 じょこう going slowly

女史 じょし Ms.

助詞 じょし particle, postposition

助動 じょどう
詞 し auxiliary verb

自立 じりつ independence, self-reliance

人 じん man, person, people

人格 じんかく personality, character, individuality

人材 じんざい man of talent

迅速 じんそく quick, fast, rapid, swift, prompt

人体 じんたい human body

人民 じんみん people, public

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人目 ひとめ glimpse, public gaze

1. moisture, dampness, vapor, 2. dropsy,

水気 すいき
edema

水源 すいげん source of river, fountainhead

推進 すいしん propulsion, driving force

水洗 すいせん flushing

吹奏 すいそう playing wind instruments

推測 すいそく guess, conjecture

水田 すいでん (water-filled) paddy field

reasoning, inference, mystery or detective

推理 すいり
genre (movie novel etc.)

数詞 すうし numeral

崇拝 すうはい worship, adoration, admiration, cult

据え すえつけ
付け to install, to equip, to mount
る
る

据え to set (table), to lay (foundation), to place

すえる
る (gun), to apply (moxa)

清々 すがすが fresh, refreshing

しい しい

過ぎ すぎ past, after

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救い すくい help, aid, relief

掬う すくう to scoop, to ladle out

少な すくなく
くと at least
とも
も

immediately, soon, easily, right (near),

直ぐ すぐ
honest, upright

健や すこやか vigorous, healthy, sound

か

濯ぐ すすぐ to rinse, to wash out

進み すすみ progress

勧め すすめ recommendation, advice, encouragement

(trouser) cuff, (skirt) hem, cut edge of a

裾 すそ
hairdo, foot of mountain

廃れ to go out of use, to become obsolete, to

すたれる
る die out, to go out of fashion

酸っ
ぱい すっぱい sour, acid

lovely, dreamy, beautiful, great, fantastic,

素敵 すてき
superb, cool, capital

即ち すなわち that is, namely, i.e.

すばしこ
い nimble, smart, quick

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素早 すばやい fast, quick, prompt, agile

い

済ま to finish, to get it over with, to settle, to

すます
す conclude, to pay back

to clear, to make clear, to be unruffled, to

澄ま
す すます look unconcerned, to look demure, look
prim, put on airs

済ま
すまない sorry (phrase)
ない

済み すみませ
ませ ん sorry, excuse me
ん

天皇 すめらぎ Emperor of Japan

刷り すり printing

剃る する to shave

擦れ すれちが chance encounter

違い い

すれ すれちが to pass by one another, to disagree, to

違う う miss each other

擦れ to rub, to chafe, to wear, to become

すれる
る sophisticated

すんなり pass with no objection, slim, slender

図々 ずうずう
しい しい impudent, shameless

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decisively, decidedly, once and for all,

ずばり
unreservedly, frankly

ずぶ
濡れ ずぶぬれ soaked, dripping wet

ずらっと in a line, in a row

sound or act of dragging, loose,

ずるずる inconclusive but unwanted situation,
trailingly

ずれ gap, slippage

ずれる to slide, to slip off

system, organization, imperial command,

制 せい laws, regulation, control, government,
suppression, restraint, holdin

製 せい -made, make

生育 せいいく growth, development, breeding

成果 せいか results, fruits

correct, right, correct interpretation

正解 せいかい
(answer solution)

regular, legal, formal, established,

正規 せいき
legitimate

justice, right, righteousness, correct

正義 せいぎ
meaning

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生計 せいけい livelihood, living

政権 せいけん administration, political power

精巧 せいこう elaborate, delicate, exquisite

制裁 せいさい restraint, sanctions, punishment

政策 せいさく political measures, policy

清算 せいさん liquidation, settlement

星座 せいざ constellation

生死 せいし life and death

静止 せいし stillness, repose, standing still

せいしゅ
青春 youth, springtime of life, adolescent
ん

聖書 せいしょ Bible, scriptures

誠実 せいじつ sincere, honest, faithful

せいじゅ
成熟 く maturity, ripeness

せいじゅ
清純 purity, innocence
ん

せいじょ
正常 う normalcy, normality, normal

制す せいする to control, to command, to get the better of

る

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orderly, regular, well-organized, trim,

整然 せいぜん
accurate

盛装 せいそう be dressed up, wear rich clothes

盛大 せいだい grand, prosperous, magnificent

清濁 せいだく good and evil, purity and impurity

制定 せいてい enactment, establishment, creation

静的 せいてき static

製鉄 せいてつ iron manufacture

晴天 せいてん fine weather

just, justifiable, right, due, proper,

正当 せいとう
equitable, reasonable, legitimate, lawful

成年 せいねん majority, adult age

制服 せいふく uniform

征服 せいふく conquest, subjugation, overcoming

製法 せいほう manufacturing method, recipe, formula

精密 せいみつ precise, exact, detailed, minute, close

声明 せいめい declaration, statement, proclamation

姓名 せいめい full name

制約 せいやく limitation, restriction, condition, constraints

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生理 せいり physiology, menses

せいりょ influence, power, might, strength, potency,

勢力 く force, energy

整列 せいれつ stand in a row, form a line

急か
す せかす to hurry, to urge on

伜 せがれ son, my son

責務 せきむ duty, obligation

世辞 せじ flattery, compliment

世帯 せたい household

世代 せだい generation, the world, the age

clearing (land), opening up, cutting

切開 せっかい
through

せっしょ
接触 く touch, contact

設置 せっち establishment, institution

せっちゅ
折衷 compromise, cross, blending, eclecticism
う

設定 せってい establishment, creation

説得 せっとく persuasion

節 せつ node, section, occasion, time

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compelling, serious, severe, acute,

切実 せつじつ
earnest, pressing, urgent

接続 せつぞく
詞 し conjunction

切な せつない painful, trying, oppressive, suffocating

い

設立 せつりつ establishment, foundation, institution

攻め せめ attack, offence

世論 せろん public opinion

仙 せん hermit, wizard

前 せん before

繊維 せんい fibre, fiber, textile

選挙 せんきょ election

せんきょ
宣教 う religious mission

宣言 せんげん declaration, proclamation, announcement

先行 せんこう preceding, going first

選考 せんこう selection, screening

戦災 せんさい war damage, watch devastation

せんしゅ
専修 specialization
う

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せんじゅ
戦術 Tactics
つ

潜水 せんすい diving

先先 せんせん
月 げつ month before last

先先 せんせん week before last

週 しゅう

family predecessor, previous age,

先代 せんだい
previous generation

先 せんだっ
だっ recently, the other day
て
て

せんちゃ
先着 く first arrival

先天 せんてん a priori, inborn, innate, inherent,

的 てき congenital, hereditary

戦闘 せんとう battle, fight, combat

せんにゅ
潜入 う infiltration, sneaking in

船舶 せんぱく ship

専用 せんよう exclusive use, personal use

せんりょ occupation, capture, possession, have a

占領 う room to oneself

戦力 せんりょ war potential, military strength

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税務 ぜいむ
署 しょ tax office

是正 ぜせい correction, revision

絶版 ぜっぱん out of print

絶望 ぜつぼう despair, hopelessness

是非 by all means (with sense of not taking no

ぜひとも
とも for an answer)

膳 ぜん (small) table, tray, meal

禅 ぜん Zen (Buddhism)

全快 ぜんかい complete recovery of health

全盛 ぜんせい height of prosperity

前提 ぜんてい preamble, premise, reason, prerequisite

future prospects, outlook, the journey

前途 ぜんと
ahead

全滅 ぜんめつ annihilation

ぜんりょ
善良 goodness, excellence, virtue
う

前例 ぜんれい precedent

僧 そう monk, priest

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沿う そう to run along, to follow

to accompany, to become married, to

添う そう
comply with

総 そう whole, all, general, gross

相応 そうおう suitability, fitness

総会 そうかい general meeting

創刊 そうかん launching (e.g. newspaper), first issue

送金 そうきん remittance, sending money

running a wheeled vehicle (e.g. car),

走行 そうこう
traveling

synthesis, coordination, putting together,

総合 そうごう
integration, composite

search (esp. in criminal investigations),

捜査 そうさ
investigation

search (esp. for someone or something

捜索 そうさく
missing), investigation

然う
して そうして and, like that

そうしょ
装飾 ornament
く

そうじゅ management, handling, control,

操縦 う manipulation

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創造 そうぞう creation

壮大 そうだい magnificent, grand, majestic, splendid

騒動 そうどう strife, riot, rebellion

遭難 そうなん disaster, shipwreck, accident

相場 そうば market price, speculation, estimation

装備 そうび equipment

創立 そうりつ establishment, founding, organization

to add to, to attach, to append, to

添え
る そえる accompany, to garnish, to imitate, to
annex

即座 そくざに immediately, right away

に

promotion, acceleration, encouragement,

促進 そくしん
facilitation, spurring on

即す to conform to, to agree with, to be adapted

そくする
る to, to be based on

restraint, shackles, restriction,

束縛 そくばく
confinement, binding

側面 そくめん side, flank, sidelight, lateral

其処 そこ that place, there

其処 そこで so (conj), accordingly, now, then,

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で thereupon

損な to harm, to hurt, to injure, to damage, to

そこなう
う fail in doing

其処 everywhere, somewhere, approximately,

そこら
ら that area, around there

素材 そざい raw materials, subject matter

obstruction, check, hindrance, prevention,

阻止 そし
interdiction

然し
て そして and

訴訟 そしょう litigation, lawsuit

育ち そだち breeding, growth

措置 そち measure, step

其方 そちら over there, the other

素っ そっけな
気な cold, short, curt, blunt
い
い

そっちょ
率直 く frankness, candour, openheartedness

外方 そっぽ look (or turn) the other way

備え そなえつ
付け to provide, to furnish, to equip, to install
ける
る

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to be furnished with, to be endowed with,

備わ
る そなわる to possess, to be among, to be one of, to
be possessed of

園 その garden, park, plantation

その そのうえ in addition, furthermore

上

その eventually, sooner or later, of the

そのうち
内 previously mentioned

その そのため hence, for that reason

為

その
外 そのほか besides, in addition, the rest

其の そのまま without change, as it is (i.e. now)

儘

聳え
る そびえる to rise, to tower, to soar

素朴 そぼく simplicity, artlessness, naivete

染ま そまる to dye
る

to run counter to, to go against, to

背く そむく
disobey, to infringe

染め そめる to dye, to colour

る

逸ら
す そらす to turn away, to avert

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反り そり warp, curvature, curve, arch

其れ それ it, that

其れ それから and then, after that

から

各々 それぞれ each, every, either, respectively, severally

其れ
で それで and (conj), thereupon, because of that

其れ それでは in that situation, well then ...

では

其れ but (still), and yet, nevertheless, even so,

それでも
でも notwithstanding

其れ それとも or, or else

共

其れ
に それに besides, moreover

其れ それほど to that degree, extent

程

其れ
故 それゆえ therefore, for that reason, so

揃い そろい set, suit, uniform

徐々 そろそろ gradually, steadily, quietly, slowly, soon

損失 そんしつ loss

存続 そんぞく duration, continuance

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沿い ぞい along

像 ぞう statue, image, figure, picture, portrait

ぞうきょ
増強 augment, reinforce, increase
う

ぞうしょ
蔵相 う Minister of Finance

増進 ぞうしん promoting, increase, advance

ぞんざい rude, careless, slovenly

ill will, malice, another intention, secret

他意 たい purpose, ulterior motive, fickleness,
double-mindedness

interaction, correspondence, coping with,

対応 たいおう
dealing with

退化 たいか degeneration, retrogression

体格 たいかく physique, constitution

大概 たいがい in general, mainly

退学 たいがく dropping out of school

大金 たいきん great cost

待遇 たいぐう treatment, reception

対決 たいけつ confrontation, showdown

体験 たいけん personal experience

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対抗 たいこう opposition, antagonism

対し たいして for, in regard to, per

て

たいしゅ
大衆 う general public

対処 たいしょ deal with, cope

たいしょ
退職 retirement (from office)
く

退治 たいじ extermination

態勢 たいせい attitude, conditions, preparations

対談 たいだん talk, dialogue, conversation

対等 たいとう equivalent

滞納 たいのう non-payment, default

対比 たいひ contrast, comparison

most (e.g. most part), greater, fairly, a

大部 たいぶ
good deal, much

対辺 たいへん (geometrical) opposite side

待望 たいぼう expectant waiting

怠慢 たいまん negligence, procrastination, carelessness

対面 たいめん interview, meeting

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対立 たいりつ confrontation, opposition, antagonism

たいりょ
体力 physical strength
く

interactive, interaction, conversation,

対話 たいわ
dialogue

耐え たえる to bear, to endure

る

絶え
る たえる to die out, to peter out, to become extinct

to bear, to stand, to endure, to put up with,

堪え
る たえる to support, to withstand, to resist, to brave,
to be fit for, t

quantity, amount, volume, number,

高 たか
amount of money

高ま
る たかまる to rise, to swell, to be promoted

焚火 たきび (open) fire

沢山 たくさん many, a lot, much

逞し たくまし burly, strong, sturdy

い い

巧み たくみ skill, cleverness

類 たぐい a kind

丈 たけ height, stature, length, measure, all (one

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has)

足し たしざん addition
算

多数 たすうけ
決 つ majority rule

助け たすけ assistance

携わ たずさわ to participate, to take part

る る

漂う ただよう to drift about, to float, to hang in air

館 たち 1. mansion, small castle

立方 たちかた dancing (geisha)

at once, in a moment, suddenly, all at

忽ち たちまち
once

立ち たちよる to stop by, to drop in for a short visit

寄る

達者 たっしゃ skillful, in good health

達成 たっせい achievement

たった only, merely, but, no more than

precious, valuable, priceless, noble,

尊い とうとい
exalted, sacred

precious, valuable, priceless, noble,

貴い とうとい
exalted, sacred

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尊ぶ とうとぶ to value, to prize, to esteem, to respect

to sever, to cut off, to suppress, to abstain

絶つ たつ
(from)

盾 たて shield, buckler, escutcheon, pretext

face, official stance, public position or

建前 たてまえ
attitude (as opposed to private thoughts)

たてまつ to offer, to present, to revere, to do

奉る る respectfully

例え たとえ example, even if, if, though, although

仮令 たとえ example, even if, if, though, although

他動
詞 たどうし transitive verb (direct obj)

辿り たどりつ to grope along to, to struggle on to, to

着く く arrive somewhere after a struggle

to follow (road), to pursue (course), to

辿る たどる
follow up

たなごこ
掌 the palm
ろ

楽し
む たのしむ to enjoy oneself

頼み たのみ request, favor, reliance, dependence

(pt:) (n) (uk) tobacco (pt: tabaco),

煙草 たばこ
cigarettes

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度々 たびたび often, repeatedly, frequently

another side, different direction, (on) the

他方 たほう
other hand

多忙 たぼう busy, pressure of work

給う たまう to receive, to grant

偶に たまに occasionally, once in a while

堪ら たまらな
ない い intolerable, unbearable, unendurable

溜ま たまり collected things, gathering place, arrears

り

賜る たまわる to grant, to bestow

instance, example, case, precedent,

例 ためし experience, custom, usage, parallel,
illustration

躊躇
う ためらう to hesitate

to keep, to preserve, to hold, to retain, to

保つ たもつ maintain, to support, to sustain, to last, to
endure, to keep we

容易 たやすい easy, simple, light

い

多様 たよう diversity, variety

弛み たるみ slack, slackening, dullness, letdown

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弛む たるむ to slacken, to loosen, to relax

誰 たれ adjectival suffix for a person

to hang, to droop, to drop, to lower, to pull

垂れ
る たれる down, to dangle, to sag, to drip, to ooze,
to trickle, to leave

歎 たん grief, sigh, lamentation

roll of cloth (c. 10 yds.), .245 acres, 300

反 たん
tsubo

単一 たんいつ single, simple, sole, individual, unitory

短歌 たんか tanka, 31-syllable Japanese poem

担架 たんか stretcher, litter

短気 たんき quick temper

探検 たんけん exploration, expedition

たんしゅ
短縮
く shortening, abbreviation, reduction

箪笥 たんす chest of drawers

炭素 たんそ carbon (C)

短大 たんだい junior college

たんちょ
単調 monotony, monotone, dullness
う

単独 たんどく sole, independence, single, solo (flight)

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短波 たんぱ short wave

蛋白 たんぱく protein
質 しつ

第 だい ordinal

第一 だいいち first, foremost, # 1

大胆 だいたん bold, daring, audacious

台無
し だいなし mess, spoiled, (come to) nothing

大便 だいべん feces, excrement, shit

pay by proxy, act for another, speak for

代弁 だいべん
another

台本 だいほん Script libretto, scenario

代用 だいよう substitution

打開 だかい break in the deadlock

妥協 だきょう compromise, giving in

丈 だけ only, just, as

妥結 だけつ agreement

1. blow, shock, strike, damage, 2. batting

打撃 だげき
(baseball)

駄作 ださく poor work, rubbish

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だっしゅ
脱出 escape
つ

脱す
る だっする to escape from, to get out

脱退 だったい Withdrawal, leavex

だぶだぶ loose, baggy

騙す だます to trick, to cheat, to deceive

implying (negatively) that something is full

だらけ
of e.g. mistakes

怠い だるい sluggish, feel heavy, languid, dull

1. platform, podium, rostrum, 2. (arch)

壇 だん
mandala

団結 だんけつ unity, union, combination

断言 だんげん declaration, affirmation

断然 だんぜん firmly, absolutely, definitely

段々 だんだん gradually, by degrees

旦那 だんな master (of house), husband (informal)

断面 だんめん cross section

だんりょ
弾力 elasticity, flexibility
く

治安 ちあん public order

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近付 to approach, to get near, to get

ちかづく
く acquainted with, to get closer

違え
る ちがえる to change

契る ちぎる to pledge, to promise, to swear

畜産 ちくさん animal husbandry

ちくしょ
畜生 beast, brute, damn
う

蓄積 ちくせき accumulation, accumulate, store

知性 ちせい intelligence

乳 ちち milk, breast, loop

父母 ちちはは father and mother, parents

縮ま to be shortened, to be contracted, to
ちぢまる
る shrink

窒息 ちっそく suffocation

些と ちっとも not at all (neg. verb)

も

秩序 ちつじょ order, regularity, system, method

知的 ちてき intellectual

著 ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at ..

着 ちゃく counter for suits of clothing, arriving at ..

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ちゃく
着手 embarkation, launch
しゅ

ちゃく
着色 しょく colouring, coloring

ちゃくせ
着席 sit down, seat
き

ちゃくも
着目 く attention

ちゃくり
着陸 landing, alighting, touch down
く

ちゃっこ
着工 う start of (construction) work

茶の ちゃのま living room (Japanese style)

間

茶の
湯 ちゃのゆ tea ceremony

ちやほや pamper, make a fuss of, spoil

ちゅうか
昼間 daytime, during the day
ん

宙返 ちゅうが
り えり somersault, looping-the-loop

ちゅうけ
中継 relay, hook-up
い

ちゅうこ
忠告 く advice, warning

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中指 ちゅうし middle finger

ちゅう
中傷 slander, libel, defamation
しょう

ちゅうじ
忠実 つ fidelity, faithfulness

ちゅうす centre, pivot, mainstay, nucleus,

中枢 う backbone, central figure, pillar, key man

ちゅうせ
抽選 ん lottery, raffle, drawing (of lots)

ちゅうだ
中断 interruption, suspension, break
ん

ちゅうっ
中腹 ぱら irritated, offended

ちゅうど
中毒 poisoning
く

ちゅうに
仲人 ん go-between, matchmaker

ちゅうは
昼飯 lunch, midday meal
ん

ちゅうり
中立 つ neutrality

中和 ちゅうわ neutralize, counteract

腸 ちょう guts, bowels, intestines

蝶 ちょう butterfly

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超 ちょう super-, ultra-, hyper-

庁 ちょう government office

ちょうい
調印 signature, sign, sealing
ん

ちょうか
聴覚 く the sense of hearing

ちょうか
長官 chief, (government) secretary
ん

ちょうこ
聴講 う lecture attendance, auditing

ちょう
徴収 collection, levy
しゅう

聴診 ちょうし
器 んき stethoscope

ちょうせ
挑戦 challenge, defiance
ん

ちょうだ
長大 い very long, great length

ちょうて
調停 arbitration, conciliation, mediation
い

恰度 ちょうど just, right, exactly

ちょうへ
長編 ん long (e.g. novel film)

丁目 ちょうめ district of a town, city block (of irregular

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size)

調理 ちょうり cooking

調和 ちょうわ harmony

ちょく often, frequently, now and then,

ちょく occasionally

ちょくめ
直面 ん confrontation

著書 ちょしょ literary work, book

貯蓄 ちょちく savings

ちょっか
直感 intuition
ん

(ateji) (adv int) (uk) just a minute, a short

一寸 ちょっと time, a while, just a little, somewhat,
easily, readily, rath

著名 ちょめい well-known, noted, celebrated

ちらっと at a glance, by accident

塵取
り ちりとり dustpan

治療 ちりょう medical treatment

賃金 ちんぎん wages

沈殿 ちんでん precipitation, settlement

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沈没 ちんぼつ sinking, foundering

沈黙 ちんもく silence, reticence

陳列 ちんれつ exhibition, display, show

ついきゅ
追及 gaining on, carrying out, solving (crime)
う

追跡 ついせき pursuit

次い
で ついで next, secondly, subsequently

追放 ついほう exile, banishment

費や ついやす to spend, to devote, to waste

す

墜落 ついらく falling, crashing

通 つう connoisseur, counter for letters

痛感 つうかん feeling keenly, fully realizing

つうじょ
通常 う common, general, usually

痛切 つうせつ keen, acute

杖 つえ cane

遣い つかい mission, simple task, doing

使い つかいみ use
道 ち

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仕え つかえる to serve, to work for

る

つかさど
司る る to rule, to govern, to administer

束の つかのま moment, brief time, brief, transient

間

attached to, impression, sociality,

付き つき
appearance, furnished with, under, to

付き to associate with, to keep company with,

つきあう
合う to get on with

月並
み つきなみ every month, common

to be used up, to be run out, to be

尽き
る つきる exhausted, to be consumed, to come to
an end

継ぎ つぎめ a joint, joining point

目

1. to breathe, 2. to tell (lies), 3. to vomit, to

吐く つく
disgorge

尽く to exhaust, to run out, to serve (a person),

つくす
す to befriend

作り つくり make-up, sliced raw fish

造り つくり make up, structure, physique

造る つくる to make, to create, to manufacture, to

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draw up, to write, to compose, to build, to

coin, to cultivate, to org

to mend, to repair, to fix, to patch up, to

繕う つくろう
darn, to tidy up, to adjust, to trim

to join, to piece together, to set (bones), to

接ぐ つぐ
graft (trees)

継ぐ つぐ to succeed

付け つけくわ
加え える to add one thing to another
る

告げ つげる to inform
る

辻褄 つじつま coherence, consistency

途中 つちゅう on the way, en route

to support, to become stiff, to become

突っ
張る つっぱる taut, to thrust (ones opponent), to stick to
(ones opinion), to in

筒 つつ pipe, tube

銃 つつ gun

1. to thrust, to strike, to attack, 2. to poke,

突く つつく
to nudge, to pick at

to be careful, to be chaste or discreet, to

慎む つつしむ
abstain or refrain

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伝言 つてごと verbal message, rumor, word

勤ま to be fit for, to be equal to, to function

つとまる
る properly

勤め つとめさ
先 き place of work

努め つとめて make an effort!, work hard!

て

津波 つなみ tsunami, tidal wave

抓る つねる to pinch

募る つのる to invite, to solicit help participation etc

唾 つば saliva, sputum

呟く つぶやく to mutter, to murmur

瞑る つぶる to close the eyes

壷 つぼ tsubo jar, pot, vase

蕾 つぼみ bud, flower bud

躓く つまずく to stumble, to trip

摘む つまむ to pinch, to hold, to pick up

詰ら つまらな
ない い insignificant, boring, trifling

詰ま つまり in short, in brief, in other words, that is to

り say, in the long run, after all, blockade,

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stuffing, ultimate

積も つもり intention, plan

り

露 つゆ dew

強ま
る つよまる to get strong, to gain strength

強め つよめる to strengthen, to emphasize

る

連な
る つらなる to extend, to stretch out, to stand in a row

貫く つらぬく to go through

連ね つらねる to link, to join, to put together

る

釣り つり fishing, angling

吊り
革 つりかわ strap

釣鐘 つりがね hanging bell

吊る つるす to hang
す

手当 allowance, compensation, treatment,

てあて
て medical care

体 てい appearance, air, condition, state, form

提供 ていきょ offer, tender, program sponsoring,

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う furnishing

定義 ていぎ definition

提携 ていけい cooperation, tie-up, joint business, link-up

decency, style, form, appearance, show,

体裁 ていさい
get-up, format

梯子 ていし ladder, stairs

ていしょ
定食 く set meal, special (of the day)

提示 ていじ presentation, exhibit, suggest, citation

訂正 ていせい correction, revision

stagnation, tie-up, congestion, retention,

停滞 ていたい
accumulation, falling into arrears

邸宅 ていたく mansion, residence

定年 ていねん retirement age

堤防 ていぼう bank, weir

手遅
れ ておくれ too late, belated treatment

手数 てかず number of moves, trouble

手掛 contact, trail, scent, on hand, hand hold,

てがかり
かり clue, key

手掛 てがける to handle, to manage, to work with, to

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ける rear, to look after, to have experience with

手軽 てがる easy, simple, informal, offhand, cheap

的 てき -like, typical

適応 てきおう adaptation, accommodation, conformity

適宜 てきぎ suitability

適性 てきせい aptitude

手際 てぎわ performance, skill, tact

手順 てじゅん process, procedure, protocol

手錠 てじょう handcuffs, manacles

手近 てぢか near, handy, familiar

てっきり surely, certainly, beyond doubt

鉄鋼 てっこう iron and steel

to sink in, to penetrate, to devote oneself,

徹す
る てっする to believe in, to go through, to do intently
and exclusively

鉄片 てっぺん iron scraps

手配 てはい arrangement, search (by police)

手筈 てはず arrangement, plan, programme

手引 てびき guidance, guide, introduction

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手本 てほん model, pattern

手回
し てまわし preparations, arrangements

手元 てもと on hand, at hand, at home

照り てりかえ to reflect, to throw back light

返す す

手分
け てわけ division of labour

店 てん store, shop, establishment

点火 てんか ignition, lighting, set fire to

転回 てんかい revolution, rotation

転換 てんかん convert, divert

転居 てんきょ moving, changing residence

転勤 てんきん transfer, transmission

点検 てんけん inspection, examination, checking

転校 てんこう change schools

天国 てんごく paradise, heaven, Kingdom of Heaven

天才 てんさい genius, prodigy, natural gift

天災 てんさい natural calamity, disaster

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展示 てんじ exhibition, display

てんじょ
天井 ceiling, ceiling price
う

転じ
る てんじる to turn, to shift, to alter, to distract

点線 てんせん dotted line, perforated line

天体 てんたい heavenly body

rolling about, moving from place to place,

転転 てんてん
being passed around repeatedly

てんで (not) at all, altogether, entirely

転任 てんにん change of post

展望 てんぼう view, outlook, prospect

転落 てんらく fall, degradation, slump

to meet by chance, to come across, to

出合
う であう happen to encounter, to hold a
rendezvous, to have a date

出入 でいりぐ
り口 ち exit and entrance

でかい huge

出来 able man, tumour, growth, boil, ulcer,

できもの
物 abcess, rash, pimple

出切 できる to be out of, to have no more at hand

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出く
わす でくわす to happen to meet, to come across

irresponsible utterance, nonsense,

出鱈
目 でたらめ nonsensical, random, haphazard,
unsystematic

出直 でなおし adjustment, touch up

し

田園 でんえん country, rural districts

source of electricity, power (button on TV

電源 でんげん
etc.)

伝説 でんせつ tradition, legend, folklore

電線 でんせん electric line

transmission (e.g. news), communication,

伝達 でんたつ
delivery

ancestral, hereditary, imported,

伝来 でんらい
transmitted, handed down

1. if (conjunction), 2. promoted pawn

と
(shogi) (abbr)

問い といあわ
合わ せる to enquire, to seek information
せる

問屋 といや wholesale store

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to ask, to question, to charge (i.e. with a

問う とう
crime), to accuse, without regard to (neg)

棟 とう place, section, building

等 とう et cetera, etc., and the like

陶器 とうき pottery, ceramics

とうきゅ
等級 う grade, class

討議 とうぎ debate, discussion

登校 とうこう attendance (at school)

統合 とうごう integration, unification, synthesis

倒産 とうさん (corporate) bankruptcy, insolvency

投資 とうし investment

統治 とうじ rule, reign, government, governing

統制 とうせい regulation, control

当選 とうせん being elected, winning the prize

逃走 とうそう flight, desertion, escape

統率 とうそつ command, lead, generalship, leadership

到達 とうたつ reaching, attaining, arrival

到底 とうてい (cannot) possibly

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clashing of swords, felling of trees, ringing

丁々 とうとう
of an ax

とうにゅ throw, investment, making (an electrical

投入 う circuit)

当人 とうにん the one concerned, the said person

逃亡 とうぼう escape

冬眠 とうみん hibernation, winter sleep

登録 とうろく registration, register, entry, record

討論 とうろん debate, discussion

遠ざ とおざか to go far off

かる る

遠回 とおまわ
り り detour, roundabout way

通り とおりか
かか to happen to pass by
かる
る

anyhow, anyway, somehow or other,

兎角 とかく generally speaking, in any case, this and
that, many, be apt to

咎め to blame, to find fault, to take someone to

とがめる
る task, to aggravate (an injury)

時折 ときおり sometimes

跡切 とぎれる to pause, to be interrupted

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れる

to explain, to advocate, to preach, to

説く とく
persuade

特技 とくぎ special skill

特産 とくさん specialty, special product

とくしゅ feature (e.g. newspaper), special edition,

特集 う report

得点 とくてん score, points made, marks obtained, runs

特派 とくは send specially, special envoy

特有 とくゆう characteristic (of), peculiar (to)

to sharpen, to grind, to scour, to hone, to

研ぐ とぐ
polish, to wash (rice)

刺 とげ thorn, splinter, spine, biting words

遂げ
る とげる to accomplish, to achieve, to carry out

床 とこ bed, sickbed, alcove, padding

所が ところが however, while, even if

所で ところで by the way, even if, no matter what

age, marriageable age, age of puberty,

年頃 としごろ
adolescence, for some years

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年寄 としより old people, the aged

り

戸締
り とじまり closing up, fastening the doors

途上 とじょう en route, half way

綴じ とじる to bind, to file

る

途絶
える とだえる to stop, to cease, to come to an end

特許 とっきょ special permission, patent

疾っ とっくに long ago, already, a long time ago

くに

特権 とっけん privilege, special right

咄嗟 とっさ moment, instant

取っ
手 とって handle, grip, knob

breaking through, breakthrough,

突破 とっぱ
penetration

突如 とつじょ suddenly, all of a sudden

迚も とても very, awfully, exceedingly

整え ととのえ to put in order, to get ready, to arrange, to

る る adjust

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届け とどけ report, notification, registration

とどこお
滞る to stagnate, to be delayed
る

止ま
る とどまる to be limited to

留め とどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to

る

止め
る とどめる to stop, to cease, to put an end to

唱え となえる to recite, to chant, to call upon

る

兎に anyhow, at any rate, anyway, somehow or

とにかく
角 other, generally speaking, in any case

殿様 とのさま feudal lord

幕 とばり curtain, bunting, act (in play)

帳 とばり curtain

扉 とびら door, opening

徒歩 とほ walking, going on foot

乏し meagre, scarce, limited, destitute, hard

とぼしい
い up, scanty, poor

富 とみ wealth, fortune

富む とむ to be rich, to become rich

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兎も anyhow, anyway, somehow or other,

ともかく
角 generally speaking, in any case

共稼 ともかせ working together, (husband and wife)

ぎ ぎ earning a living together

灯 ともしび light

to accompany, to bring with, to be

伴う ともなう
accompanied by, to be involved in

共働 ともばた
き らき dual income

捕ら とらえる to seize, to grasp, to capture, to arrest

える

取り とりあえ
あえ ず at once, first of all, for the time being
ず

取り とりあつ treatment, service, handling, management

扱い かい

取り とりあつ
扱う かう to treat, to handle, to deal in

鳥居 とりい torii (Shinto shrine archway)

取り とりかえ swap, exchange

替え

取り to tackle, to wrestle with, to engage in a

とりくむ
組む bout, to come to grips with

取り とりしま control, management, supervision

締ま り

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取り とりしま
締ま る to manage, to control, to supervise
る

取り とりしら
調べ to investigate, to examine
べる
る

取り とりたて
立て る to collect, to extort, to appoint, to promote
る

取り to act as an agent for, to announce

とりつぐ
次ぐ (someone), to convey (a message)

取り とりのぞ
除く く to remove, to take away, to set apart

取り とりひき transactions, dealings, business

引き

取り
巻く とりまく to surround, to circle, to enclose

取り とりまぜ
混ぜ to mix, to put together
る
る

取り とりもど
戻す す to take back, to regain

取り とりよせ
寄せ to order, to send away for
る
る

取り とりわけ especially, above all

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副 とりわけ especially, above all

蕩け
る とろける to be enchanted with

terrible, awful, serious, preposterous,

とんだ
absolutely not

胴 どう trunk, body, frame

働 どう work, labor

同 どう the same, the said, ibid.

agreement, consent, same meaning,

同意 どうい
same opinion, approval

動員 どういん mobilization

agreement, same opinion, same feeling,

同感 どうかん
sympathy, concurrence

動機 どうき motive, incentive

どうきゅ
同級 う the same grade, same class

同居 どうきょ living together

動向 どうこう trend, tendency, movement, attitude

同士 どうし fellow, companion, comrade

同志 どうし same mind, comrade, kindred soul

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如何 why?, for what reason, how, in what way,

どうして
して for what purpose, what for

如何 by all means, at any cost, no matter what,

どうして
して も after all, in the long run, cravingly, at any
も rate, surely

どうじょ sympathy, compassion, sympathize, pity,

同情 う feel for

どうじょ dojo, hall used for martial arts training,

道場 う mandala

何卒 どうぞ please, kindly, by all means

どう どうぞよ
ぞ宜 ろしく pleased to meet you
しく

どうちょ
同調 sympathy, agree with, alignment, tuning
う

動的 どうてき dynamic, kinetic

同等 どうとう equality, equal, same rights, same rank

堂々 どうどう magnificent, grand, impressive

どうにか in some way or other, one way or another

どうにゅ
導入 う introduction, bringing in, leading in

同封 どうふう enclosure (e.g. in a letter)

同盟 どうめい alliance, union, league

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どうやら it seems like, somehow or other

disturbance, unrest, shaking, trembling,

動揺 どうよう pitching, rolling, oscillation, agitation,
excitement, commotion

どうりょ
動力 power, motive power, dynamic force
く

独裁 どくさい dictatorship, despotism

読者 どくしゃ reader

独自 どくじ original, peculiar, characteristic

独占 どくせん monopoly

独創 どくそう originality

何処 どこ where, what place

何処
か どこか somewhere, anywhere, in some respects

土産 どさん product of the land

土台 どだい foundation, base, basis

何方 どちら which, who

土手 どて embankment, bank

何方 どなた who?

怒鳴 どなる to shout, to yell

る

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何の どの which, what

土俵 どひょう arena

土木 どぼく public works

well, now, let me see, which (of three or

何れ どれ
more)

何々 どれどれ which (emphatic)

度忘
れ どわすれ lapse of memory, forget for a moment

鈍感 どんかん thickheadedness, stolidity

内閣 ないかく cabinet, (government) ministry

乃至 ないし from...to, between...and, or

内臓 ないぞう internal organs, intestines, viscera

内部 ないぶ interior, inside, internal

civil war, insurrection, rebellion, domestic

内乱 ないらん
conflict

内陸 ないりく inland

苗 なえ rice seedling

furthermore, still, yet, more, still more,

尚 なお
greater, further, less

尚更 なおさら all the more, still less

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中程 なかほど middle, midway

流し ながし sink

長々 ながなが long, drawn-out, very long

殴る なぐる to strike, to hit

嘆く なげく to sigh, to lament, to grieve

投げ to throw down, to abandon, to sacrifice, to

なげだす
出す throw out

和や
か なごやか mild, calm, gentle, quiet, harmonious

名残 なごり remains, traces, memory

情け なさけ sympathy, compassion

情け なさけぶ tender-hearted, compassionate

深い かい

為さ
る なさる to do

詰る なじる to rebuke, to scold, to tell off

何故 なぜ why, how

何故 なぜなら because
なら

名高
い なだかい famous, celebrated, well-known

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雪崩 なだれ avalanche

懐く なつく to become emotionally attached

名付 なづける to name (someone)

ける

何気 なにげな
ない い casual, unconcerned

何し なにしろ at any rate, anyhow, anyway, in any case

ろ

何卒 なにとぞ please

何も なにも nothing

何よ
り なにより most, best

seven days, the seventh day (of the

七日 なぬか
month)

名札 なふだ name plate, name tag

生臭 なまぐさ
い い smelling of fish or blood, fish or meat

生温 なまぬる lukewarm, halfhearted

い い

生身 なまみ living flesh, flesh and blood, the quick

鉛 なまり lead (the metal)

鈍る なまる to become less capable, to grow dull, to

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become blunt, to weaken

並み なみ average, medium, common, ordinary

滑ら なめらか smoothness, glassiness

か

to lick, to taste, to experience, to make fun

嘗め
る なめる of, to make light of, to put down, to treat
with contempt

悩ま なやまし
しい い seductive, melancholy, languid

悩ま なやます to afflict, to torment, to harass, to molest

す

trouble(s), worry, distress, anguish, agony,

悩み なやみ
problem

平均 ならし equilibrium, balance, average, mean

慣ら ならす to accustom
す

馴ら
す ならす to domesticate, to tame

並び ならびに and
に

成り to conclude, to consist of, to be practical

なりたつ
立つ (logical feasible viable), to hold true

成る なるたけ as much as possible, if possible

丈

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成る なるべく as much as possible

べく

慣れ なれ practice, experience

馴れ なれなれ
馴れ しい over-familiar
しい

難 なん difficulty, hardships, defect

南 なん south

things like ..., or something like that ..

なんか
(often derogatory)

何だ
か なんだか a little, somewhat, somehow

なんだか something or other

んだ

何て なんて how...!, what...!

何と なんと what, how, whatever

何と なんとな somehow or other, for some reason or

なく く another

何と なんとも nothing (with neg. verb), quite, not a bit

も

何な
り なんなり any, anything, whatever

荷 に load, baggage, cargo

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似通 にかよう to resemble closely

う

面皰 にきび pimple, acne

賑わ to prosper, to flourish, to do thriving

にぎわう
う business, to be crowded with people

悪い にくい hateful, abominable, poor-looking

憎し にくしみ hatred
み

肉親 にくしん blood relationship, blood relative

肉体 にくたい the body, the flesh

逃げ
出す にげだす to run away, to escape from

西日 にしび westering sun

滲む にじむ to run, to blur, to spread, to blot, to ooze

日夜 にちや day and night, always

日当 にっとう daily allowance

荷造 にづくり packing, baling, crating

り

to carry on shoulder, to bear (burden), to

担う になう
shoulder (gun)

二人 ににん two persons, two people, pair, couple

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にも にもかか
拘ら in spite of, nevertheless
わらず
ず

にゅう
入手 しゅ obtaining, coming to hand

にゅう
入賞 winning a prize or place (in a contest)
しょう

にゅうよ
入浴 く bathe, bathing

尿 にょう urine

sudden, abrupt, unexpected, improvised,

俄か にわか
offhand

認識 にんしき recognition, cognizance

妊娠 にんしん conception, pregnancy

humanity, empathy, kindness, sympathy,

にんじょ
人情 う human nature, common sense, customs
and manners

任務 にんむ duty, function, office, mission, task

appointment, nomination, ordination,

任命 にんめい
commission, designation

抜か ぬかす to omit, to leave out

す

抜け
出す ぬけだす to slip out, to sneak away, to excel

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盗み ぬすみ stealing

沼 ぬま swamp, bog, pond, lake

音 ね sound, note

値打 ねうち value, worth, price, dignity

ち

寝か
せる ねかせる to put to bed, to lay down, to ferment

捻子 ねじ screw, helix, spiral

ねじ ねじまわ screwdriver
回し し

捻じ
れる ねじれる to twist, to wrench, to screw

鼠 ねず 1. mouse, rat, 2. dark gray, slate color

妬む ねたむ to be jealous, to be envious

強請 ねだる to tease, to coax, to solicit, to demand

る

熱湯 ねっとう boiling water

熱意 ねつい zeal, enthusiasm

ねつりょ
熱量 う temperature

粘り ねばり stickyness, viscosity

粘る ねばる to be sticky, to be adhesive, to persevere,

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to persist, to stick to

値引 ねびき price reduction, discount

き

根回
し ねまわし making necessary arrangements

眠た ねむたい sleepy
い

練る ねる to knead, to work over, to polish up

sense, idea, thought, feeling, desire,

念 ねん
concern, attention, care

年鑑 ねんかん yearbook

年号 ねんごう name of an era, year number

ねんしょ
燃焼 burning, combustion
う

年生 ねんせい pupil in .... year, student in .... year

ねんちょ
年長 う seniority

ねんりょ
燃料 fuel
う

年輪 ねんりん annual tree ring

脳 のう brain, memory

農耕 のうこう farming, agriculture

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のうじょ
農場 farm (agriculture)
う

農地 のうち agricultural land

のうにゅ
納入 う payment, supply

逃す のがす to let loose, to set free, to let escape

逃れ のがれる to escape
る

軒並
み のきなみ row of houses

鋸 のこぎり saw

望ま のぞまし desirable, hoped for

しい い

to look out on, to face, to deal with, to

臨む のぞむ
attend (function)

乗っ のっとる to capture, to occupy, to usurp

取る

長閑 のどか tranquil, calm, quiet

罵る ののしる to speak ill of, to abuse

延べ のべ futures, credit (buying), stretching, total

to gulp down, to swallow deeply, to

飲み
込む のみこむ understand, to take in, to catch on to, to
learn, to digest

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乗り のりかえ transfer (trains buses etc.)

換え

to board, to embark on, to get into (a car),

乗り
込む のりこむ to ship (passengers), to man (a ship), to
help (someone) int

刃 は edge (of a sword)

派 は clique, faction, school

把握 はあく grasp, catch, understanding

肺 はい lung

annullment, disposal, abandon, scrap,

廃棄 はいき
discarding, repeal

はいきゅ
配給 distribution (eg. films rice)
う

配偶 はいぐう
者 しゃ spouse, wife, husband

拝啓 はいけい Dear (so and so)

background, scenery, setting,

背景 はいけい
circumstance

背後 はいご back, rear

灰皿 はいさら ashtray

廃止 はいし abolition, repeal

拝借 はいしゃ borrowing

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排除 はいじょ exclusion, removal, rejection

排水 はいすい drainage

敗戦 はいせん defeat, losing a war

配置 はいち arrangement (of resources), disposition

配布 はいふ distribution

配分 はいぶん distribution, allotment

配慮 はいりょ consideration, concern, forethought

配列 はいれつ arrangement, array (programming)

映え
る はえる to shine, to look attractive, to look pretty

破壊 はかい destruction

墓地 はかち cemetery, graveyard

to make progress, to move right ahead

捗る はかどる
(with the work), to advance

果な fleeting, transient, short-lived, momentary,

はかない
い vain, fickle, miserable, empty, ephemeral

諮る はかる to consult with, to confer

図る はかる to plot, to attempt, to plan, to take in, to

deceive, to devise, to design, to refer A to

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to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off,

剥が
す はがす to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of, to
detach, t

revocation, annulment, breaking (e.g.

破棄 はき
treaty)

泊 はく counter for nights of a stay

迫害 はくがい persecution

はくじゃ
薄弱 く feebleness, weakness, weak

はくじょ
白状 confession
う

to tear off, to peel off, to rip off, to strip off,

剥ぐ はぐ
to skin, to flay, to disrobe, to deprive of

派遣 はけん dispatch, send

励ま はげます to encourage, to cheer, to raise (the voice)

す

to be zealous, to brace oneself, to

励む はげむ
endeavour, to strive, to make an effort

剥げ to come off, to be worn off, to fade, to

はげる
る discolor

鋏 はさみ scissors

柱 はしら pillar, post

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橋渡 はしわた bridge building, mediation

し し

恥 はじ shame, embarrassment

弾く はじく to flip, to snap

始め はじめ beginning, start, origin

始め はじめま
まし して How do you do?, I am glad to meet you
て

恥じ はじらう to feel shy, to be bashful, to blush

らう

恥じ
る はじる to feel ashamed

蓮 はす lotus

筈 はず it should be so

to spring, to bound, to bounce, to be

弾む はずむ stimulated, to be encouraged, to get lively,
to treat oneself to, to

破損 はそん damage

機 はた loom

果た はたして as was expected, really

して

果た to accomplish, to fulfill, to carry out, to

はたす
す achieve

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裸足 はだし barefoot

蜂蜜 はちみつ honey

発掘 はっくつ excavation, exhumation

outbreak, spring forth, occurrence,

発生 はっせい
incidence, origin

発足 はっそく starting, inauguration

初 はつ first, new

departure, beginning, counter for

発 はつ
gunshots

発育 はついく (physical) growth, development

発芽 はつが burgeoning

発言 はつげん utterance, speech, proposal

はつびょ
発病 attack (disease)
う

初耳 はつみみ something heard for the first time

the end, the extremity, the limit(s), the

果て はて
result

果て to end, to be finished, to be exhausted, to

はてる
る die, to perish

話し はなしあ
合い い discussion, conference

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甚だ はなはだ very, greatly, exceedingly

華々 はなばな brilliant, magnificent, spectacular

しい しい

花び
ら はなびら (flower) petal

華や はなやか gay, showy, brilliant, gorgeous, florid

か

to keep someone from doing, to stop, to

阻む はばむ prevent, to check, to hinder, to obstruct, to
oppose, to thwart

浜 はま beach, seashore

浜辺 はまべ beach, foreshore

to get into, to go into, to fit, to be fit for, to

填ま
る はまる suit, to fall into, to plunge into, to be
deceived, to be

歯磨 はみがき dentifrice, toothpaste

填め
る はめる to get in, to insert, to put on, to make love

生や はやす to grow, to cultivate, to wear beard

す

早め to hasten, to quicken, to expedite, to

はやめる
る precipitate, to accelerate

流行 はやり fashionable, fad, in vogue, prevailing

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腹立 はらだち anger
ち

原っ
ぱ はらっぱ open field, empty lot, plain

張り はりがみ paper patch, paper backing, poster

紙

遥か はるか far, far-away, distant, remote, far off

破裂 はれつ explosion, rupture, break off

腫れ to swell (from inflammation), to become

はれる
る swollen

班 はん group, party, section (mil)

seal, stamp, monogram signature,

判 はん
judgment

版 はん edition

繁栄 はんえい prospering, prosperity, thriving, flourishing

反感 はんかん antipathy, revolt, animosity

版画 はんが art print

はんきょ echo, reverberation, repercussion,

反響 う reaction, influence

judicial decision, judgement, sentence,

判決 はんけつ
decree

反撃 はんげき counterattack, counteroffensive,

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counterblow

反射 はんしゃ reflection, reverberation

はんしょ
繁殖 breed, multiply, increase, propagation
く

はんじょ
繁盛 う prosperity, flourishing, thriving

反す to be inconsistent with, to oppose, to

はんする
る contradict, to transgress, to rebel

判定 はんてい judgement, decision, award, verdict

反応 はんのう reaction, response

remnant, fragment, incomplete set,

半端 はんぱ
fraction, odd sum, incompleteness

反発 はんぱつ repelling, rebound, recover, oppose

insurrection, mutiny, rebellion, revolt,

反乱 はんらん
uprising

氾濫 はんらん overflowing, flood

黴菌 ばいきん bacteria, germ(s)

ばいしょ
賠償 う reparations, indemnity, compensation

倍率 ばいりつ diameter, magnification

馬鹿 ばかばか stupid
馬鹿 しい

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しい

馬鹿 ばからし
らし い absurd
い

漠然 ばくぜん obscure, vague, equivocal

爆弾 ばくだん bomb

爆破 ばくは blast, explosion, blow up

暴露 ばくろ disclosure, exposure, revelation

化け to appear in disguise, to take the form of,

ばける
る to change for the worse

罰 ばち (divine) punishment, curse, retribution

伐 ばつ strike, attack, punish

ばてる to be exhausted, to be worn out

発条 ばね spring (e.g. coil leaf)

散蒔 to disseminate, to scatter, to give money

ばらまく
く freely

判 ばん size (of paper or books)

万 ばん many, all

万人 ばんじん all people, everybody, 10000 people

万能 ばんのう all-purpose, almighty, omnipotent

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番目 ばんめ cardinal number suffix

非 ひ faulty-, non-

費 ひ cost, expense

延い not only...but also, in addition to,

ひいては
ては consequently

ひかえし
控室 つ waiting room

控え to draw in, to hold back, to make notes, to

ひかえる
る be temperate in

悲観 ひかん pessimism, disappointment

匹 ひき head, small animal counter, roll of cloth

引き ひきあげ
上げ る to withdraw, to leave, to pull out, to retire
る

率い to lead, to spearhead (a group), to

ひきいる
る command (troops)

引き to undertake, to take up, to take over, to

ひきうけ
受け る be responsible for, to guarantee, to
る contract (disease)

引き ひきおこ
起こ す to cause
す

引き ひきさげ to pull down, to lower, to reduce, to

下げ る withdraw

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引き to seduce, to drag along, to pull, to

ひきずる
ずる prolong, to support

引き to take charge of, to take over, to retire to

ひきとる
取る a private place

引き
分け ひきわけ a draw (in competition), tie game

否決 ひけつ rejection, negation, voting down

非行 ひこう delinquency, misconduct

日頃 ひごろ normally, habitually

久し ひさしい long, long-continued, old (story)

い

久し ひさしぶ
振り り after a long time

悲惨 ひさん misery

秘書 ひしょ (private) secretary

比重 ひじゅう specific gravity

密か ひそか secret, private, surreptitious

浸す ひたす to soak, to dip, to drench

一向 ひたすら earnestly

左利 ひだりき left-handedness, sake drinker, left-hander

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き き

引っ
掻く ひっかく to scratch

引っ 1. to hang (something) on (something), to

ひっかけ
掛け る throw on (clothes), 2. to hook, to catch, to
る trap, to ensnar

ひっしゅ
必修 required (subject)
う

匹敵 ひってき comparing with, match, rival, equal

eighth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Ram

未 ひつじ
1pm-3pm south-southwest June)

必然 ひつぜん inevitable, necessary

一息 ひといき puffy, a breath, a pause, an effort

単 ひとえ one layer, single

personality, character, personal

人柄 ひとがら
appearance, gentility

一頃 ひところ once, some time ago

人質 ひとじち hostage, prisoner

一筋 ひとすき a line, earnestly, blindly, straightforwardly

一ま
ず ひとまず for the present, once, in outline

一人 ひとりで by itself, automatically, naturally

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でに に

cruel, awful, severe, very bad, serious,

酷い ひどい
terrible, heavy, violent

日取 ひどり fixed date, appointed day

り

雛 ひな young bird, chick, doll

日向 ひなた sunny place, in the sun

非難 ひなん blame, attack, criticism

避難 ひなん taking refuge, finding shelter

日の
丸 ひのまる the Japanese flag

火花 ひばな spark

日々 ひび every day, daily, day after day

悲鳴 ひめい shriek, scream

百科 ひゃっか encyclopedia
事典 じてん

百科 ひゃっか
辞典 じてん encyclopedia

冷や to banter, to make fun of, to jeer at, to

ひやかす
かす cool, to refrigerate

日焼
け ひやけ sunburn

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票 ひょう label, ballot, ticket, sign

標語 ひょうご motto, slogan, catchword

ひょっと possibly, accidentally

平た ひらたい flat, even, level, simple, plain

い

比率 ひりつ ratio, proportion, percentage

肥料 ひりょう manure, fertilizer

比例 ひれい proportion

疲労 ひろう fatigue, weariness

広ま
る ひろまる to spread, to be propagated

貧困 ひんこん poverty, lack

品質 ひんしつ quality

品種 ひんしゅ brand, kind, description

ひんじゃ
貧弱 poor, meagre, insubstantial
く

頻繁 ひんぱん frequency

美 び beauty

微笑 びしょう smile

美術 びじゅつ art, fine arts

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be surprised, be amazed, be frightened,

吃驚 びっくり
astonishment

びっしょ
り wet through, drenched

びょう
描写 depiction, description, portrayal
しゃ

びり last on the list, at the bottom

minuscule amount, extremely small

微量 びりょう
quantity

sensibility, susceptibility, sensitive (to),

敏感 びんかん
well attuned to

貧乏 びんぼう poverty, destitute, poor

歩 ふ pawn (in chess or shogi)

不意 ふい sudden, abrupt, unexpected, unforeseen

封 ふう seal

封鎖 ふうさ blockade, freezing (funds)

ふうしゅ
風習 う custom

1. manners, customs, 2. sex service, sex

風俗 ふうぞく
industry

natural features, topography, climate,

風土 ふうど
spiritual features

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不可 ふかけつ indispensable, essential

欠

深め
る ふかめる to deepen, to heighten, to intensify

ominous, sinister, bad luck, ill omen,

不吉 ふきつ
inauspiciousness

不況 ふきょう recession, depression, slump

布巾 ふきん tea-towel, dish cloth

福 ふく good fortune

ふくきゅ
復旧 う restoration, restitution, rehabilitation

複合 ふくごう composite, complex

福祉 ふくし welfare, well-being

覆面 ふくめん mask, veil, disguise

膨れ to get cross, to get sulky, to swell (out), to

ふくれる
る expand, to be inflated, to distend, to bulge

business recession, hard times,

不景
気 ふけいき depression, gloom, sullenness,
cheerlessness

老け
る ふける to age

布告 ふこく edict, ordinance, proclamation

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富豪 ふごう wealthy person, millionaire

負債 ふさい debt, liabilities

相応 ふさわし appropriate
しい い

不在 ふざい absence

不山 to romp, to gambol, to frolic, to joke, to

ふざける
戯る make fun of, to flirt

負傷 ふしょう injury, wound

incomplete understanding, doubt,

不審 ふしん question, distrust, suspicion, strangeness,
infidelity

不振 ふしん dullness, depression, slump, stagnation

不順 ふじゅん irregularity, unseasonableness

attached, belonging, affiliated, annexed,

付属 ふぞく associated, subordinate, incidental,
dependent, auxiliary

負担 ふたん burden, charge, responsibility

bad condition, not to work out (ie a deal),

不調 ふちょう disagreement, break-off, disorder, slump,
out of form

復活 ふっかつ revival (e.g. musical), restoration

復興 ふっこう revival, renaissance, reconstruction

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沸騰 ふっとう boiling, seething

仏 ふつ French

suddenly, casually, accidentally,

不図 ふと
incidentally, unexpectedly, unintentionally

injustice, impropriety, unreasonableness,

不当 ふとう
undeservedness, unfair, invalid

不動 ふどうさ
real estate
産 ん

赴任 ふにん (proceeding to) new appointment

腐敗 ふはい decay, depravity

不評 ふひょう bad reputation, disgrace, unpopularity

不便 ふびん pity, compassion

dissatisfaction, discontent, disapproval,

不服 ふふく objection, complaint, protest,
disagreement

普遍 ふへん universality, ubiquity, omnipresence

踏ま
える ふまえる to be based on, to have origin in

文 ふみ letter, writings

unknown, obscure, indistinct, uncertain,

不明 ふめい ambiguous, ignorant, lack of wisdom,
anonymous, unidentified

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扶養 ふよう support, maintenance

振り ふり pretence, show, appearance

振り outset, starting point, drawing or issuing

ふりだし
出し (draft)

不良 ふりょう badness, delinquent, inferiority, failure

浮力 ふりょく buoyancy, floating power

震わ ふるわせ
せる る to be shaking, to be trembling

付録 ふろく appendix, supplement

分 ふん minute

憤慨 ふんがい indignation, resentment

紛失 ふんしつ losing something

ふんしゅ spewing, gushing, spouting, eruption,

噴出 つ effusion

紛争 ふんそう dispute, trouble, strife

ふんだん plentiful, abundant, lavish

奮闘 ふんとう hard struggle, strenuous effort

粉末 ふんまつ fine powder

department, part, category, counter for

部 ぶ
copies of a newspaper or magazine

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部下 ぶか subordinate person

ぶかぶか too big, baggy

侮辱 ぶじょく insult, contempt, slight

武装 ぶそう arms, armament, armed

斑 ぶち spots, speckles, mottles

物資 ぶっし goods, materials

物体 ぶったい body, object

物議 ぶつぎ public discussion (criticism)

打付 to knock, to run into, to nail on, to strike

ぶつける
ける hard, to hit and attack

仏像 ぶつぞう Buddhist image (statue)

無難 ぶなん safety, security

class, group, category, department, field,

部門 ぶもん
branch

ぶら ぶらさげ
下げ to hang, to suspend, to dangle, to swing
る
る

dangle heavily, swing, sway to and fro,

ぶらぶら aimlessly, idly, lazily, loiter, loaf, be idle,
stroll idly

武力 ぶりょく armed might, military power, the sword,

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force

無礼 ぶれい impolite, rude

文化 ぶんかざ cultural assets, cultural property

財 い

ぶんぎょ division of labor, specialization, assembly-

分業 う line production

文語 ぶんご written language, literary language

dispersion, decentralization, variance

分散 ぶんさん
(statistics)

分子 ぶんし numerator, molecule

document, writing, letter, note, records,

文書 ぶんしょ
archives

分担 ぶんたん apportionment, sharing

分配 ぶんぱい division, sharing

分母 ぶんぼ denominator

separation, detachment, segregation,

分離 ぶんり
isolation

分裂 ぶんれつ split, division, break up

兵器 へいき arms, weapons, ordinance

閉口 へいこう shut mouth

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(going) side by side, concurrent, abreast,

平行 へいこう at the same time, occurring together,
parallel, parallelism

closing, closure, shutdown, lockout,

閉鎖 へいさ
unsociable

兵士 へいし soldier

へいじょ
平常 う normal, usual

平方 へいほう square (e.g. metre), square

並列 へいれつ arrangement, parallel, abreast

wince, shrink back, succumbing to, being

辟易 へきえき
frightened, disconcerted

臍 へそ navel, belly-button

隔た
る へだたる to be distant

へりくだ to deprecate oneself and praise the

謙る る listener

経る へる to pass, to elapse, to experience

compilation, editing, completed poem,

編 へん
book, part of book

side, left radical of a character, inclining,

偏 へん
inclining toward, biased

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change, reform, revolution, upheaval,

変革 へんかく
(the) Reformation

返還 へんかん return, restoration

偏見 へんけん prejudice, narrow view

返済 へんさい repayment

変遷 へんせん change, transition, vicissitudes

返答 へんとう reply

変動 へんどう change, fluctuation

弁解 べんかい explanation, justification, defence, excuse

convenience, accommodation, advantage,

便宜 べんぎ
expedience

弁護 べんご defense, pleading, advocacy

べんしょ next word, compensation, reparation,

弁償 う indemnity, reimbursement

弁論 べんろん discussion, debate, argument

ぺこぺこ fawn, be very hungry

穂 ほ ear (of plant), head (of plant)

nursing, nurturing, rearing, lactation,

保育 ほいく
suckling

倣 ほう imitate, follow, emulate

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法案 ほうあん bill (law)

collapse, decay (physics), crumbling,

崩壊 ほうかい
breaking down, caving in

法学 ほうがく law, jurisprudence

abandonment, renunciation, abdication

放棄 ほうき
(responsibility right)

treasured article or vessel, outstanding

宝器 ほうき
individual

封建 ほうけん feudalistic

豊作 ほうさく abundant harvest, bumper crop

方策 ほうさく plan, policy

奉仕 ほうし attendance, service

方式 ほうしき form, method, system

放射 ほうしゃ radiation, emission

放射 ほうしゃ
能 のう radioactivity

ほうしゅ
報酬 remuneration, recompense, reward, toll
う

ほうしゅ
放出 つ release, emit

報じ ほうじる to inform, to report

る

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報ず ほうずる to inform, to report

る

leave as is, leave to chance, leave alone,

放置 ほうち
neglect

法廷 ほうてい courtroom

報道 ほうどう information, report

褒美 ほうび reward, prize

to bury, to inter, to entomb, to consign to

葬る ほうむる
oblivion, to shelve

放り ほうりこ
込む む to throw into

放り ほうりだ to throw out, to fire, to expel, to give up, to

出す す abandon, to neglect

飽和 ほうわ saturation

retaining warmth, keeping heat in, heat

保温 ほおん
insulation

捕獲 ほかく capture, seizure

charge, custody, safekeeping, deposit,

保管 ほかん
storage

補給 ほきゅう supply, supplying, replenishment

補強 ほきょう compensation, reinforcement

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保険 ほけん insurance, guarantee

捕鯨 ほげい whaling, whale fishing

誇る ほこる to boast of, to be proud of

綻び ほころび to come apart at the seams, to begin to

る る open, to smile broadly

care, protection, shelter, guardianship,

保護 ほご
favor, patronage

乾 ほし dried, cured

干し ほしもの dried washing (clothes)

物

保守 ほしゅ conservative, maintaining

guarantee, security, assurance, pledge,

保障 ほしょう
warranty

補償 ほしょう compensation, reparation

supplementation, supplement,
補充 ほじゅう
replenishment, replenishing

補助 ほじょ assistance, support, aid, auxiliary

舗装 ほそう pavement, road surface

補足 ほそく supplement, complement

発作 ほっさ fit, spasm

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ほっと feel relieved

頬っ ほっぺた cheek
ぺた

辺り ほとり (in the) neighbourhood, vicinity, nearby

殆ど ほとんど mostly, almost

解く ほどく to unfasten

to donate, to give, to conduct, to apply, to

施す ほどこす
perform

day care worker in a kindergarten nursery

保母 ほぼ
school etc.

health preservation, recuperation,

保養 ほよう
recreation

捕吏 ほり constable

捕虜 ほりょ prisoner (of war)

滅び to be ruined, to go under, to perish, to be

ほろびる
る destroyed

滅ぼ
す ほろぼす to destroy, to overthrow, to wreck, to ruin

本格 ほんかく propriety, fundamental rules

本館 ほんかん main building

本気 ほんき seriousness, truth, sanctity

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本質 ほんしつ essence, true nature, reality

本体 ほんたい substance, real form, object of worship

本音 ほんね real intention, motive

本の ほんの mere, only, just

本能 ほんのう instinct

本場 ほんば home, habitat, center, best place, genuine

本文 ほんぶん text (of document), body (of letter)

ほんみょ
本名 real name
う

fourth sign of Chinese zodiac (The Hare

卯 ぼう
5am-7am east February)

防衛 ぼうえい defense, protection, self-defense

防火 ぼうか fire prevention, fire fighting, fire proof

disturbance, obstruction, hindrance,

妨害 ぼうがい
jamming, interference

紡績 ぼうせき spinning

dumbfounded, overcome with surprise, in

呆然 ぼうぜん
blank amazement

ぼうちょ
膨脹 expansion, swelling, increase, growth
う

冒頭 ぼうとう beginning, start, outset

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暴動 ぼうどう insurrection, rebellion, revolt, riot, uprising

暴風 ぼうふう storm, windstorm, gale

ぼうりょ
暴力 violence
く

募金 ぼきん fund-raising, collection of funds

牧師 ぼくし pastor, minister, clergyman

母校 ぼこう alma mater

ぼっしゅ
没収 う forfeited

坊 ぼっちゃ
ちゃ son (of others)
ん
ん

ぼつぼつ gradually, here and there, spots, pimples

没落 ぼつらく ruin, fall, collapse

ぼやく to grumble, to complain

ぼやける to become dim, to become blurred

rag, scrap, tattered clothes, fault (esp. in a

藍褸 ぼろ
pretense), defect, run-down or junky

counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of

枚 まい
paper)

埋蔵 まいぞう buried property, treasure trove

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舞う まう to dance, to flutter about, to revolve

真上 まうえ just above, right overhead

前売 まえうり advance sale, booking

り

前置
き まえおき preface, introduction

前 まえもっ
もっ in advance, beforehand, previously
て
て

任す まかす to entrust, to leave to a person

負か
す まかす to defeat

賄う まかなう to give board to, to provide meals, to pay

曲が まがる to turn, to bend

る

巻 まき volume

紛ら confusing, misleading, equivocal,

まぎらわ
わし しい ambiguous
い

紛れ まぎれる to be diverted, to slip into

る

膜 まく membrane, film

verb suffix to indicate reckless abandon to

捲る まくる
the activity

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真心 まこころ sincerity, devotion

truth, faith, fidelity, sincerity, trust,

誠 まこと
confidence, reliance, devotion

真に まことに truly, actually, really

まごつく to be confused, to be flustered

正し
く まさしく surely, no doubt, evidently

正に まさに correctly, surely

勝る まさる to excel, to surpass, to outrival

extra, additional, less objectionable,

増し まし
better, preferable

真下 ました right under, directly below

況し still more, still less (with neg. verb), to say

まして
て nothing of, not to mention

交え まじえる to mix, to converse with, to cross (swords)

る

交わ to cross, to intersect, to associate with, to

まじわる
る mingle with, to interest, to join

麻酔 ますい anaesthesia

益々 ますます increasingly, more and more

不味 まずい unappetising, unpleasant (taste

い

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appearance situation), ugly, unskilful,

awkward, bungling, unwise, untime

股 また groin, crotch, thigh

跨が
る またがる to extend over or into, to straddle

跨ぐ またぐ to straddle

瞬き またたき wink, twinkling (of stars), flicker (of light)

待ち まちあわ
合わ appointment
せ
せ

間違 to make a mistake, to be incorrect, to be

まちがう
う mistaken

待ち まちどお
遠し looking forward to
しい
い

待ち まちのぞ
望む む to look anxiously for, to wait eagerly for

1. several, various, divergent, conflicting,

区々 まちまち
different, diverse, 2. trivial

末期 まっき closing years (period days), last stage

真っ まっぷた
二つ つ in two equal parts

的 まと mark, target

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纏ま まとまり conclusion, settlement, consistency

り

纏め まとめ settlement, conclusion

to escape from, to be rescued from, to

免れ まぬかれ
る る avoid, to evade, to avert, to elude, to be
exempted, to be relieved

招き まねき invitation

麻痺 まひ paralysis, palsy, numbness, stupor

眩し
い まぶしい dazzling, radiant

目蓋 まぶた eyelid

間々 まま occasionally, frequently

間も まもなく soon, before long, in a short time

なく

眉 まゆ eyebrow

鞠 まり ball

丸ご
と まるごと in its entirety, whole, wholly

丸っ まるっき completely, perfectly, just as if

きり り

quite, entirely, completely, at all, as if, as

丸で まるで
though, so to speak

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丸々 まるまる completely

to make round, to round off, to roll up, to

丸め
る まるめる curl up, to seduce, to cajole, to explain
away

満月 まんげつ full moon

まんじょ
満場 unanimous, whole audience
う

真ん
中 まんなか middle, centre, mid-way

真ん まんまえ right in front, under the nose

前

真ん まんまる
丸い い perfectly circular

三 み (num) three

見合 みあい formal marriage interview

い

見合 to exchange glances, to postpone, to

みあわせ
わせ る suspend operations, to refrain from
る performing an action

見落
とす みおとす to overlook, to fail to notice

未開 みかい savage land, backward region, uncivilized

味覚 みかく taste, palate, sense of taste

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見掛 to (happen to) see, to notice, to catch

みかける
ける sight of

三日
月 みかずき new moon, crescent moon

見方 みかた viewpoint

見苦 みぐるし unsightly, ugly

しい い

見込
み みこみ hope, prospects, expectation

未婚 みこん unmarried

惨め みじめ miserable

inexperience, unripeness, raw, unskilled,

未熟 みじゅく
immature, inexperienced

微塵 みじん particle, atom

見す みすぼら
ぼら しい shabby, seedy
しい

見せ みせびら
びら to show off, to flaunt
かす
かす

見せ
物 みせもの show, exhibition

満た みたす to satisfy, to ingratiate, to fill, to fulfill

す

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to throw out of order, to disarrange, to

乱す みだす
disturb

乱れ to get confused, to be disordered, to be

みだれる
る disturbed

未知 みち not yet known

導く みちびく to be guided, to be shown

身近 みぢか near oneself, close to one, familiar

みっしゅ
密集 crowd, close formation, dense
う

密接 みっせつ related, connected, close, intimate

見っ みっとも
とも ない shameful, indecent
ない

蜜 みつ nectar, honey

密度 みつど density

見積 みつもり estimation, quotation

り

未定 みてい not yet fixed, undecided, pending

見通 perspective, unobstructed view, outlook,

みとおし
し forecast, prospect, insight

源 みなもと source, origin

身な みなり personal appearance

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峰 みね peak, ridge

見逃
す みのがす to miss, to overlook, to leave at large

見晴 みはらし view
らし

身振
り みぶり gesture

enquiry, expression of sympathy,

見舞 みまい
expression of concern

脈 みゃく pulse

lingering affection, attachment, regret(s),

未練 みれん
reluctance

見渡 to look out over, to survey (scene), to take

みわたす
す an extensive view of

民主 みんしゅ democratic, the head of the nation

みんしゅ private home providing lodging for

民宿 く travelers

people, race, nation, racial customs, folk

民族 みんぞく
customs

people, race, nation, racial customs, folk

民俗 みんぞく
customs

六 む (num) six

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無意 むいみ nonsense, no meaning

味

direction, situation, exposure, aspect,

向き むき
suitability

無口 むくち reticence

向け むけ for ~, oriented towards ~

婿 むこ son-in-law

無効 むこう invalid, no effect, unavailable

無言 むごん silence

毟る むしる to pluck, to pick, to tear

無邪 むじゃき innocence, simple-mindedness

気

結び むすび ending, conclusion, union

結び むすびつ
付き き connection, relation

結び むすびつ to be connected or related, to join together

付く く

結び to combine, to join, to tie on, to attach with

むすびつ
付け ける a knot
る

無線 むせん wireless, radio

無駄 むだづか waste money on, squander money on,

遣い い

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flog a dead horse

無断 むだん without permission, without notice

無知 むち ignorance

absurd, unreasonable, excessive, rash,

無茶 むちゃ
absurdity, nonsense

無茶 むちゃく confused, jumbled, mixed up,

苦茶 ちゃ unreasonable

空し vacant, futile, vain, void, empty,

むなしい
い ineffective, lifeless

無念 むねん chagrin, regret

無能 むのう inefficiency, incompetence

無闇 unreasonably, absurdly, recklessly,

むやみに
に indiscreetly, at random

useless, futility, needlessness,

無用 むよう
unnecessariness

群が
る むらがる to swarm, to gather

無論 むろん of course, naturally

名産 めいさん noted product

めいしょ
名称 name
う

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めいちゅ
命中 a hit
う

名簿 めいぼ register of names

名誉 めいよ honor, credit, prestige

めいりょ
明瞭 う clarity

明朗 めいろう bright, clear, cheerful

目方 めかた weight

恵み めぐみ blessing

恵む めぐむ to bless, to show mercy to

目覚 めざまし brilliant, splendid, striking, remarkable

しい い

目覚
める めざめる to wake up

to call, to send for, to put on, to wear, to

召す めす take (a bath), to ride in, to buy, to eat, to
drink, to catch (a

雌 めす female (animal)

滅茶 めちゃく absurd, unreasonable, excessive, messed

苦茶 ちゃ up, spoiled, wreaked

目付
き めつき look, expression of the eyes, eyes

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滅亡 めつぼう downfall, ruin, collapse, destruction

愛で めでたい auspicious
たい

目眩 めまい dizziness, giddiness

目盛 めもり scale, gradations

面会 めんかい interview

免除 めんじょ exemption, exoneration, discharge

面す
る めんする to face on, to look out on to

face, honour, reputation, prestige, dignity,

面目 めんぼく
credit

設け
る もうける to create, to establish

申し もうしい
入れ to propose, to suggest
れる
る

申し もうしこ application, entry, request, subscription,

込み み offer, proposal, overture, challenge

申出 もうしで proposal, request, claim, report, notice

to report to, to tell, to suggest, to submit,

申し もうしで
出る る to request, to make an offer, to come
forward with informati

申し もうしぶ objection, shortcomings

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分 ん

盲点 もうてん blind spot

猛烈 もうれつ violent, vehement, rage

藻掻
く もがく to struggle, to wriggle, to be impatient

目録 もくろく catalogue, catalog, list

目論 a plan, a scheme, a project, a program,

もくろみ
見 intention, goal

模型 もけい model, dummy, maquette

模索 もさく groping (for)

若し もし if, in case, supposing

若し もしかし
かし たら perhaps, maybe, by some chance
たら

若し もしかし
かし perhaps, possibly
て
て

若し もしかす
かす ると perhaps, maybe, by some chance
ると

若し もしくは or, otherwise

くは

若し
も もしも if

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齎ら もたらす to bring, to take, to bring about

す

凭れ to lean against, to lean on, to recline on,

もたれる
る to lie heavy (on the stomach)

1. hold, charge, keep possession, in

持ち もち charge, 2. wear, durability, life, draw, 3.
usage (suff)

持ち
もちきり hot topic, talk of the town
切り

物体 もったい too good, more than one deserves,

ない ない wasteful, sacrilegious, unworthy of

以て もって with, by, by means of, because, in view of

専ら もっぱら wholly, solely, entirely

持て もてなす to entertain, to make welcome

成す

持て
る もてる to be well liked, to be popular

基 もとい basis

物置 ものおき storeroom
き

物好
き ものずき curiosity

物足 ものたり
りな unsatisfied, unsatisfactory
ない
い

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最早 もはや already, now

exemplar, exemplification, exemplum,

模範 もはん
model, example

模倣 もほう imitation, copying

揉め
る もめる to disagree, to dispute

腿 もも thigh, femur

to hold (a meeting), to give (a dinner), to

催す もよおす feel, to show signs of, to develop
symptoms of, to feel (sick

漏ら もらす to let leak, to reveal

す

盛り もりあが
上が る to rouse, to swell, to rise
る

漏る もる to leak, to run out

漏れ to leak out, to escape, to come through, to

もれる
る shine through, to filter out, to be omitted

脆い もろい brittle, fragile, tender-hearted

もろに completely, all the way

問 もん problem, question

矢 や arrow

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哉 や question mark

喧し やかまし noisy, strict, fussy

い い

野外 やがい fields, outskirts, open air, suburbs

軈て やがて before long, soon, at length

walking around at night, night train, night

夜行 やぎょう
travel

やくしょ
役職 post, managerial position, official position
く

役立 to be useful, to be helpful, to serve the

やくだつ
つ purpose

役場 やくば town hall

夜具 やぐ bedding

優 やさ gentle, affectionate

屋敷 やしき mansion

養う やしなう to rear, to maintain, to cultivate

社 やしろ Shinto shrine

野心 やしん ambition, aspiration, designs, treachery

易い やすい easy

安っ やすっぽ cheap-looking, tawdry, insignificant

ぽい い

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休め やすめる to rest, to suspend, to give relief

る

野生 やせい wild

矢鱈
に やたらに randomly, recklessly, blindly

夜中 やちゅう all night, the whole night

奴 やっこ servant, fellow

やっ やっつけ
付け to beat
る
る

矢っ also, as I thought, still, in spite of,

やっぱり
張り absolutely

野党 やとう opposition party

病 やまい illness, disease

darkness, the dark, black-marketeering,

闇 やみ
dark, shady, illegal

病む やむ to fall ill, to be ill

止む やむをえ
を得 ない cannot be helped, unavoidable
ない

a little, partially, somewhat, a short time, a

稍 やや
while

ややこし puzzling, tangled, complicated, complex

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遣り やりとお
通す す to carry through, to achieve, to complete

やり やりとげ
遂げ to accomplish
る
る

to do, to have sexual intercourse, to kill, to

遣る やる give (to inferiors animals etc.), to dispatch
(a letter

和ら やわらげ
げる る to soften, to moderate, to relieve

優位 ゆうい predominance, ascendancy, superiority

憂鬱 ゆううつ depression, melancholy, dejection, gloom

有益 ゆうえき beneficial, profitable

supremacy, predominance, being superior

優越 ゆうえつ
to

勇敢 ゆうかん bravery, heroism, gallantry

有機 ゆうき organic

夕暮
れ ゆうぐれ evening, (evening) twilight

融資 ゆうし financing, loan

有す ゆうする to own, to be endowed with

る

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lending (money), accommodation,

融通 ゆうずう
adaptability, versatility, finance

superiority, superior power,

優勢 ゆうせい
predominance, preponderance

優先 ゆうせん preference, priority

guidance, leading, induction, introduction,

誘導 ゆうどう
incitement, inducement

優美 ゆうび grace, refinement, elegance

有望 ゆうぼう good prospects, full of hope, promising

遊牧 ゆうぼく nomadism

夕焼
け ゆうやけ sunset

ゆうりょ
有力 1. influence, prominence, 2. potent
く

幽霊 ゆうれい ghost, specter, apparition, phantom

誘惑 ゆうわく temptation, allurement, lure

揺さ
ぶる ゆさぶる to shake, to jolt, to rock, to swing

茹で ゆでる to boil
る

ゆとり reserve, affluence, room, time (to spare)

指差 ゆびさす to point at

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弓 ゆみ bow (and arrow)

揺ら
ぐ ゆらぐ to swing, to sway, to shake, to tremble

緩む ゆるむ to become loose, to slacken

緩め ゆるめる to loosen, to slow down

る

緩や
か ゆるやか lenient

世 よ world, society, age, generation

好い よい good

要因 よういん primary factor, main cause

溶液 ようえき solution (liquid)

用件 ようけん business

養護 ようご protection, nursing, protective care

用紙 ようし blank form

様式 ようしき style, form, pattern

要す ようする to demand, to require, to take

る

要請 ようせい claim, demand, request, application

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養成 ようせい training, development

様相 ようそう aspect

用品 ようひん articles, supplies, parts

洋風 ようふう western style

用法 ようほう directions, rules of use

要望 ようぼう demand for, request

余暇 よか leisure, leisure time, spare time

予感 よかん presentiment, premonition

余興 よきょう side show, entertainment

預金 よきん deposit, bank account

抑圧 よくあつ check, restraint, oppression, suppression

浴室 よくしつ bathroom, bath

抑制 よくせい suppression

欲深 よくふか greedy
い い

欲望 よくぼう desire, appetite

寄こ
す よこす to send, to forward

横綱 よこづな sumo grand champion

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葦 よし reed, bulrush

善し good or bad, merits or demerits, quality,

よしあし
悪し suitability

expectation, anticipation, prediction,

予想 よそう
forecast

余所 よそみ looking away, looking aside

見

余地 よち place, room, margin, scope

依っ therefore, consequently, accordingly,

よって
て because of

very, greatly, much, to a large extent,

余程 よっぽど
quite

government party, (ruling) party in power,

与党 よとう
government

呼び よびとめ
止め to challenge, to call somebody to halt
る
る

夜更 staying up late, keeping late hours, sitting

よふかし
かし up late at night, nighthawk

夜更 よふけ late at night

け

読み よみあげ
上げ る to read out loud (and clearly), to call a roll
る

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寄り to lean against, to recline on, to lean on,

よりかか
掛か る to rely on
る

宜し well, properly, suitably, best regards,

よろしく
く please remember me

弱ま to abate, to weaken, to be emaciated, to

よわまる
る be dejected, to be perplexed

弱め
る
よわめる to weaken

to weaken, to be troubled, to be downcast,

弱る よわる to be emaciated, to be dejected, to be
perplexed, to impair

らいじょ
来場 attendance
う

酪農 らくのう dairy (farm)

落下 らっか fall, drop, come down

楽観 らっかん optimism

abuse, misuse, misappropriation, using to

濫用 らんよう
excess

理屈 りくつ theory, reason

利根 りこん intelligence

利子 りし interest (bank)

利潤 りじゅん profit, returns

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理性 りせい reason, sense

利息 りそく interest (bank)

立体 りったい solid body

立法 りっぽう legislation, lawmaking

利点 りてん advantage, point in favor

略語 りゃくご abbreviation, acronym

りゃくだ
略奪 pillage, plunder, looting, robbery
つ

流 りゅう styleof, method of, manner of

りゅうつ circulation of money or goods, flow of

流通 う water or air, distribution

了 りょう finish, completion, understanding

料 りょう material, charge, rate, fee

りょうい area, domain, territory, field, region,

領域 き regime

りょうか comprehension, consent, understanding,

了解 い roger (on the radio)

りょうか
領海 territorial waters
い

りょう both extremities, north and south poles,

両極 きょく positive and negative poles

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りょうこ
良好 favorable, satisfactory
う

りょうし
良識 き good sense

りょうし
良質 good quality, superior quality
つ

acknowledgement, understanding (e.g.

りょう
了承 しょう please be understanding of the mess
during our renovation)

りょうし
良心 ん conscience

領地 りょうち territory, dominion

領土 りょうど dominion, territory, possession

りょうり compatibility, coexistence, standing

両立 つ together

旅客 りょかく passenger (transport)

旅券 りょけん passport

履歴 りれき personal history, background, career, log

理論 りろん theory

輪 りん counter for wheels and flowers

りんぎょ
林業 う forestry

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類似 るいじ analogous

類推 るいすい analogy

cruelty, coldheartedness, relentless,

冷酷 れいこく
ruthless

冷蔵 れいぞう cold storage, refrigeration

冷淡 れいたん coolness, indifference

love, love-making, passion, emotion,

恋愛 れんあい
affections

れんきゅ
連休 consecutive holidays
う

連日 れんじつ every day, prolonged

れんじゅ
連中 う colleagues, company, a lot

連帯 れんたい solidarity

連邦 れんぽう commonwealth, federation of states

連盟 れんめい league, union, alliance

老衰 ろうすい senility, senile decay

朗読 ろうどく reading aloud, recitation

浪費 ろうひ waste, extravagance

ろうりょ
労力 labour, effort, toil, trouble
く

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碌な ろくな satisfactory, decent

碌に ろくに well, enough, sufficient

1. frank, blunt, plain, outspoken, 2.

露骨 ろこつ
conspicuous, open, 3. broad, suggestive

論議 ろんぎ discussion

論理 ろんり logic

和 わ sum, harmony, peace

我が selfishness, egoism, wilfulness,

わがまま
まま disobedience, whim

枠 わく frame, slide

惑星 わくせい planet

技 わざ art, technique

態と わざと on purpose

expressly, specially, doing something

態々 わざわざ
especially rather than incidentally

煩わ わずらわ
しい しい troublesome, annoying, complicated

渡り わたりど migratory bird, bird of passage

鳥 り

詫び わび apology

和風 わふう Japanese style

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和文 わぶん Japanese text, sentence in Japanese

藁 わら straw

割合 わりあい comparatively
に に

割り allotment, assignment, allocation, quota,

わりあて
当て rationing

to cut in, to thrust oneself into, to wedge

割り
込む わりこむ oneself in, to muscle in on, to interrupt, to
disturb

割り わりざん division (math)

算

割引 discount, reduction, rebate, tenths

わりびき
き discounted

悪者 わるもの bad fellow, rascal, ruffian, scoundrel

アイデア idea

アクセル accelerator

アップ up

アプロー approach (in golf)

チ

アマチュ
ア amateur

アラブ Arab

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アルカリ alkali

アルミ aluminum (Al), aluminium

アワー hour

アンケー (fr:) (n) questionnaire (fr: enquete), survey

ト

アンコー
ル encore

イエス Jesus, yes

インター interchange
チェンジ

インター
ナショナ international
ル

インター intercom
フォン

インテリ egghead, intelligentsia

インフォ
メーショ information
ン

インフレ inflation

ウェート waitress
レス

エアメー
ル air mail

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エレガン elegant
ト

エンジニ
ア engineer

オーケー OK

オートマ automatic
チック

オープン open

オリエン
テーショ orientation
ン

オレンジ an orange

オンライ on-line
ン

カーペッ
ト carpet

カクテル cocktail

カット cut, cutting

カテゴ category
リー

カムバッ
ク comeback

カメラマ cameraman
ン

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カルテ (de:) (n) clinical records (de: Karte)

カンニン cunning, cheat

グ

ガイド tour guide

ガイド
ブック guidebook

ガレージ garage (at house)

キャッチ catch

キャリア career, career government employee

クイズ quiz

クラブ club, crab

クレーン crane

グラフ graph

グレー grey, gray

ゲスト guest

コーナー corner

コマー a commercial
シャル

コミュニ
ケーショ communication
ン

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コメント comment

コンタク contact, contact lens

ト

コンテス
ト contest

コントラ contrast
スト

コント
ロール control

コンパス compass

サイクル cycle

サイズ size

to be truant, to be idle, to sabotage by

サボる
slowness

サン
キュー thank you

サンタク Santa Claus

ロース

シート seat, sheet

システム system

シック chic

シナリオ scenario

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ショー show

ショック shock

ジーパン jeans (lit: jeans pants), dungarees

ジャズ jazz

ジャン jacket, jumper

パー

ジャンプ jump

ジャンボ jumbo

ジャンル genre

スタジオ studio

スチーム steam

ストライ
キ strike

ストレス stress

ストロー straw

stroboscope (lit: strobo), strobe lamp,

ストロボ
stroboscopic lamp

スピード speed

スプリン
グ spring

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スペース space

スポーツ sports car

カー

スラック
ス slacks

セール sale

セクショ section
ン

セックス sexual intercourse

セレモ
ニー ceremony

センス good sense (for music style tact etc.)

ゼリー 1. jelly, 2. Jerry

ソース source

ソックス socks

ソロ solo

タイトル title

タイピス typist
ト

タイマー timer

タイミン
グ timing

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タイム time

タイム timely, run-batted-in (baseball), RBI

リー

タイヤ tire, tyre

タイル tile

タレント talent, star, personality

タワー tower

ダース dozen

ダウン down

to coincide (fall on the same day), to have

ダブる two of something, to repeat a school year
after failing

ダンプ dump

チーム
ワーク teamwork

チェンジ change

チャイム chime

チャンネ a channel
ル

ティッ
シュペー tissue paper
パー

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テレック telex, teletypewriter exchange

ス

データ data

デコレー
ション decoration

デザート dessert

デザイン design

デッサン (fr:) (n) rough sketch (fr: dessin)

デモンス
トレー demonstration
ション

トーン tone

トラブル trouble (sometimes used as a verb)

トランジ
スター transistor

ドライ dry

ドライク
リーニン dry cleaning
グ

ドライ
バー driver, screwdriver

ドライブ drive in
イン

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ドリル drill

game under lights (e.g. baseball) (lit:

ナイター
nighter), night game

ナプキン napkin

ナンセン
ス nonsense

ニュー new

ニュアン nuance
ス

ネガ (photographic) negative

ノイロー
ゼ (de:) (n) neurosis (de: Neurose)

ハンガー hangar, (coat) hanger, hunger

バー bar

バッジ badge

バット bat, vat

パジャマ pajamas, pyjamas

パチンコ pachinko (Japanese pinball)

パトカー patrol car

パンク 1. (abbr) puncture, bursting, 2. punk

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ヒント hint

ビールス virus

ビジネス business

ファイト fight

ファイル file

ファン fan, fun

フィル (camera) filter

ター

フェリー ferry

フォーム foam, form

フロント front

ブーツ boots

ブーム boom

ブザー buzzer

ブルー blue

ベース base, bass

ベスト best, vest

ベストセ
ラー best-seller

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ペア pair, pear

ホース hose

ホール hall, hole

ボイコッ boycott
ト

ボルト volt, bolt

ポーズ pause

ポイント point

ポジショ
ン position

ポット pot

ポンプ pump

マーク mark

マスコミ mass communication

マッサー massage
ジ

ミスプリ
ント misprint

ミセス Mrs.

ミュー music
ジック

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ミリ milli-, 10^-3

ムード mood

メーカー maker

メッセー message
ジ

メディア media

メロ
ディー melody

モーテル motel

モニター (computer) monitor

ヤング young

ユニーク unique

ユニ uniform
フォーム

ライス rice

ラベル label

ランプ lamp, ramp, headlight, light

ルーズ loose

ルール rule

レース race, lace

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レギュ regular
ラー

レクリ
エーショ recreation
ン

レッスン lesson

レディー lady

レバー lever, liver

レンジ range, stove

レンタ hire car (lit: rent-a-car)

カー

レントゲ
ン X-ray (lit: Roentgen)

ロープ rope

ロー ローマじ romanization, Roman letters

マ字

ロマン
チック romantic

ワット watt

近親相姦ー incest

援助交際ー Relationship with compensation,

prostitution

足踏み状態ー standstill

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局面打開ー breakthrough in deadlocked situation

黒塗りー blackening, redacting

頓珍漢ー absurdity, contradiction
提起—bring suit, raise a claim
順応—adaption
現下—present time, current
突き放すー to thrust away, to refuse bluntly
スッパ抜くー disclose, blow the lid
交通反則—traffic violation
反則—transgression, a violation
捕食—predator
顔面蒼白—have one’s face turning pale
スカすー to leave one’s stable (sumo), to leave one’s
comfort zone.
紛れ込むー disappear into (crowds), lost into
等身大—life size
しがみ付くー to cling
薄汚い〜filthy, dirty
死角—blind spot,
尻ぬぐいー cleaning up after or covering up for someone
else

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