Pteridophyta Neet

MAY GOD BLESS YOU TO BE A GOOD DOCTOR
CLASS XI:- PTTERIDOPHYTA BIO MED SANJOY BANERJEE

MOB. – 9475036665 /9475856390/6296037509 SHIB – BATI , BURDWAN
Web site : Biomed - Digest.com e - mail: sbanerjee 12356@gmail.com
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PTERIDOPHYTA
❖ SNAKES OF PLANT KINGDOOM as it comes after amphibian

❖ GENERAL CH.
● VASCULAR CRYPTOGAMS
● HABITAT:
● Moist , Shaded , Epiphytic
● SPOROPHYTES:
● ROOT:
● STEM:
Rhizome ; Branched; Dichotomous
● Cercinate vernation [Pb PMT-2003][UP-PMT-02]
● LEAF:
● Microphyllum ; Megaphyllum [Compound ]
● FRONDS: Large leaves of ferns[UP-PMT-01]
● Vascular bundle:
● Xylem – Tracheas & Phloem – Sieve tube ,Companion
absent.[ Orissa – 05]
● Hadrocentric [Pb PMT-97]
● Protostele &Syphonostele
● No sec. growth
● Sporophylls , Sorus , Cone develops
● Stomata is present in capsule [UP-PMT-01]
● Homosporus ; Heterosporus [Mega, Micro]

● Being germinated forms Prothallus[Pb PMT-2002]
● Prothallus: Heart shaped. It is homothallic[Bears both male & fmale
sex organs [Aheridium ,Archegonium]
[Manipal -03]
● Gametophytes:
● Monoecious & Dioceous
● Anthredium , Archegonium[Neck contains 1 binucleate canal
cell [Pb PMT-2004] [ Orissa – 02]
● Fertilization by water - Embryo
● No seed
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● Dryopteris , Lycopodium
● SMALLEST: Azolla
● LARGEST: Cyathea
● FRONDS: Large leaves of ferns[UP-PMT-01]
● EUSPORANGIATE:
● Takes place by a group of cells & not by single cells.[ Orissa – 09]
● This is primitive.
● Found in Psilotum , Selaginella ,Lycopodium, Equisetum
● LEPTOSPORANGIATE:
● Takes place from a single cell. [Manipal -96]
● Found in Salvia ,Azolla, Marsilea
● VESSELS: found only in Selaginella ,Equisetum
● HOMOSPOROUS: Lycopodium, Dryopteris
● HETEROSPOROUS: Selaginalla, Azolla,Salvinia
● FERTILISATION: Must accomplished by water
● ORGAN SUI – GENERIS: Bowr & Goebel named Rhizophore of

Selaginella as an organ of organ sui -generis- i.e.an organ having the
character of both i.e. stem as well root, but independent in origin
● APOGAMY:In sporophyte formation from gametophyte cell Other than
egg without fertilization eg-Selaginella ,Lycopodium, Marsilea
● APOSPORY: Formation of gametophyte from sporophyte cell without
meiosis eg- Pteridium
● PARTHENOGENESIS: Formation of sporophyte from egg without
fertilization . eg –Selaginella , Marsilea
CLASSIFICATION
❖ 1.PSILOPHYYTA:
● Oldest known land inhibiting plants
● Rootless, rhizoids present
● Most are fossils
● Rhynia
❖ 2.LYCOPHYTA:
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● Also called club /spike moses
● Root,stem & leaves are present
● Microphyllous
● Lycopodium
❖ 3.SPHENOPHYTA
● Also called HORSE TAILS
● At nodes whorls of small leaves are present
● Deposition of silica in stem make them rogh in touch
● Ridges & grooves are present in stem
● Equisetum
❖ 4.PTEROPHYTA:
● Fan like leaves
● Stem is rhizome
● Dryopteris
STELE
❖ PROTOSTELE:
● Pith is absent.[Orissa 09]
● Primitive. [UP-PMT-01]
● Others derived from this.

● HAPLOSTELE:
● Central core of xylem is surrounded by phloem &
pericycle.
● Rhynia, Selaginella
● ACTINOSTELE:
● Central xylem is star shaped .Rest as before .
● eg- L. serratum, Psilotum
● PLECTOSTELE:
● Phloem is present between the
● separate plates of xylem.
● Eg-L. clavatum
● MIXED PROTOSTELE:
● Xylem is present in the form of discrete units
embedded in phloem.
● eg- L. cernuum
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❖ SIPHONOSTELE:Protostele + Pith
● ECTOPHLOIC:
● Phloem is present only on outer side of xylem.
● eg-Osmunda
● AMPHIPHLOIC:
● Phloem is present on both side of xylem.
● eg-Marsilea
❖ SOLENOSTELE:Siphonostele + single leaf gap
➢ ECTOPHLOIC:
➢ AMPHIPHLOIC:
❖ DICTYOSTELE:
● Many leaf gaps are present.
● Vascular cylinder breaks up into a number of amphicribal [
concentric shells of xylem in centre surrounded by phloem]
meristeles. [Pb PMT-2002[Manipal -97]
● Eg-Dryopteris [ BHU – 01]
❖ POLY CYCLIC STELE:
● More than one ring of vascular tissue is present.
● eg-Pteris
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
❖ Their fossils remains contributed in coal deposits of world
[Manipal -2000]
❖ Equisetum arvens:
● Drugs for diuretic, haemostasis
● Cultivated in garden & greenhouse because of their
attractive foliage that are used in boquet & floral
decorations.
SOME IMPORTANT SPECIES
● Rootless pteridophyte: Salvinia

● Adder’s tongue : Ophioglosum
● Maiden hair,Walking fern: Adiantum caudatum
● Sun fern: Pteris
● Horse tail :- Equisetum.[ Orissa – 05]
● Sanjeevani:Selaginella bryopteris
❖ LYCOPODIUM:
● Also called Creeping/trailing pines
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● Protocorn:Embryo grow directly into sporophyte or first form
of tuberous mass called ...
● Protophylls: First form & then sporophyte.
❖ SELAGINELLA:
● Resurrection plants:In some xerophytic
[S.lepidophylla,S.pilifera]entire plants during dry periods
assumes a shape of light balls which in the presence of
water opens up into normal green plants. Such plants are
called..
● Ligule: on the upper /adaxial surface of each leaf close to its

base there is present an appendages called ligule
❖ EQUISETUM:
● Long living representative of Sphenopsida
❖ DRYOPTERIS
● Ramenta: The younger portion of rhizome is covered with hairy
,brown ramenta
● Pinnately compound:
● Indusium: Each sorus is surrounded by a kidney shaped
surrounding called ...
● The opening mechanism of sporangium is operated by Annulus &
Stomium [Pb PMT- 98;Manipal -05] [Manipal -97]
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MAY GOD BLESS YOU TO BE A GOOD DOCTOR

CLASS XI:- PTTERIDOPHYTA BIO MED SANJOY BANERJEE

❖ SNAKES OF PLANT KINGDOOM as it comes after amphibian

● Homosporus ; Heterosporus [Mega, Micro]

● ORGAN SUI – GENERIS: Bowr & Goebel named Rhizophore of

● Others derived from this.

● Rootless pteridophyte: Salvinia

● Ligule: on the upper /adaxial surface of each leaf close to its

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