Report

Topic: Health Monitoring System Using IoT

Capstone Project-I
Course Code: ECE442A

Under the Guidance of: Mr. Jaspinder singh

Submitted by:
NAME REGISTRATION NO. Roll No.
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our mentor Mr. Jaspinder
Singh for the continuous support for our live Capstone project for his
patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. His guidance
helped us throughout our research and implementation of this project. We
could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for guiding us
through our research for this project and providing us with their valuable
inputs which eventually shaped our project. This project has made us push
our boundaries, think about the problems in our surroundings and finally
create an ultimate solution for the people of all age by easing their lives
through vast applications of Internet of Things (IoT).

Submitted by:

1. Sunil kumar-11604210
2. Prachya Sourav panda-11607233
3. Anshuman singh-11602265
4. Raj guha-11609676
Abstract :
Health has prime importance in our day-to-day life. Sound health is
necessary to do the daily work properly. This project aims at developing a
system which gives body temperature and heart rate using LM35 and pulse
sensor respectively. These sensors are interfaced with controller Arduino
mega board. Wireless data transmission done by Arduino through Wi-Fi
module. ESP8266 is used for wireless data transmission on IoT platform i.e.
thing speak. Data visualization is done on Thing speak. So that record of data
can be stored over period of time. This data stored on web server so that it
can seen to who logged. GPS and GSM module is also be interfaced with
Arduino mega so that the location of the patient sent to the doctor in nearby
hospital.
1.Introduction:
In the recent years wireless technology has increasing for the need of
upholding various sectors. In these recent years IoT graped the most of
industrial area specially automation and control. Biomedical is one of the
recent trend to provide better health care. Not only in hospitals but also the
personal health caring facilities are opened by the IoT technology. So, having
a smart system various parameters are observed that consumes power, cost
and increase efficiency. In according to this smart system, this paper is
reviewed. In traditional method, doctors play an important role in health
check up. For this process requires a lot of time for registration, appointment
and then check up. Also reports are generated later. Due to this lengthy
process working people tend to ignore the
or postpone it. This modern approach reduces time consumption in the
process. In the recent years use of wireless technology is increasing for the
need of upholding various sectors. In these recent years IoT groped the most
of industrial area specially automation and control. Biomedical is one of
recent trends to provide better health care. Not only in hospitals but also the
personal health care facilities are opened by the IoT technology. So having a
smart system, various parameters are observed that consume power, cost and
increase efficiency. In accordance with this smart system, this paper is
reviewed. Medical scientists are trying in the field of innovation and research
since many decades to get better health services and happiness in human
lives. Their contribution in medical area is very important to us and cannot
be neglected. Today’s automotive structures have the root ideas coming from
yesterday’s basics. Also Early detection of chronic diseases can be easy with
these technology. The body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure,
respiration rate are prime parameters to diagnose the disease. This project
gives temperature, heart rate and various other factors related to health using
IoT.
In rural hospitals, the facilities for health caring are limited. The poor quality
of health management enables issues in health care system.
Everyone should get the knowledge of own health as easy and early as
possible. Also it should be worth for each. Latest report of The India Spend
analysis of data says that the 500,000 doctors shortage in India. WHO defines
the doctor patient ratio will be 1:1000 which has been failed in India. In
developing countries there is lack of resources and management to reach out
the problems of individuals. A common man cannot afford the expensive and
daily check up for his health. For this purpose various systems which give
easy and assured caring unit has been developed. Theses system reduces time
with safely handled equipment.

2.Review of Literature:
A smart phone based platform offers comprehensive, secure and modular
patient monitoring clinical environment. Using both virtualization of the
phone OS and virtual mobile networks of sensors with full Internet Protocol
(IP) connectivity, we allow real-time remote sensor readings of patient Body
Area Networks(BANs) to be stored, processed and forwarded securely to
healthcare practitioners. Pervasive healthcare using remote health
monitoring offers solutions to many of today’s healthcare challenges,
including chronic diseases and an ageing population. Reliability of such
remote medical monitoring systems depends on reliable data association.
This article first identifies and characterizes the data association problem, it
sets the requirements for correct data association, and it presents a taxonomy
for the problem.

Arduino Based Human Health Care Monitoring And Control System

DOI: 10.9790/1676-1103010918 www.iosrjournals.org 10 | The intelligent
indoor positioning algorithm that fuses a PDR system and an RSS-based
wifi positioning system is proposed without requiring the initial user locatio
n and initial user moving directioninformation in advance. In this case, the
initial user location and moving direction are determined sequentially. A
trade off between the locations estimated by the Wi-Fi and the PDR
positioning systems. Existing space suits use conventional wired sensors that
collect very limited physiological data to monitor health of astronauts during
missions. Adding more wired sensors would involve significant
modifications and complexity to the suit. Deploying a wireless body area
network (WBAN) is preferred and would provide a number of advantages
such as flexibility in sensor complement and positioning. The application
area we consider is that of remote cardiovascular monitoring, where
continuous sensing and processing takes place in low-power,
computationally constrained devices, thus the power consumption and
complexity of the processing algorithms should remain at a minimum level.
Experiments carried out on ECG signals from publicly available databases,
covering both standard 12-lead and ambulatory recordings, as well as on a
non-commercial data base show that the performance is very close to the
state of heart ECG delineators. The collected medical data from bio-
medical sensors should be transmitted to the nearest gateway for further
processing. Transmission of data contributes to a significant amount of
power consumption by the transmitter and increase in the network traffic. In
this paper we propose a low complex rule engine based healthcare data
acquisition and smart transmission system architecture, which uses IEEE
802.15.4 standard for transferring data to the gateway. In this paper, ECG
data acquisition and transmission architecture is considered. The metrics
used for performance analysis are the amount of power saving and reduction
in network traffic. It is shown that the proposed rule engine gives a
significant reduction in energy consumption and network traffic generated.
Frequency overlap across wireless networks with different radio
technologies can cause severe interference and reduce communication
reliability. The circumstances are particularly unfavourable for Think Speak
networks that share the 2.4 GHz ISM band with Wi-Fi senders capable of 10
to 100 times higher transmission power. Our work first examines the
interference patterns between Thing Speak and Wi-Fi networks at the bit-
level granularity. Smart grid is an intelligent power generation, distribution,
and control system. Thing Speak, as a wireless mesh networking scheme low
in cost, power, data rate, and complexity, is ideal for smart grid applications,
e.g. real-time system monitoring, load control, and building automation.
Unfortunately, almost all Thing Speak overlap with wireless local area
network (WLAN) channels, resulting in severe performance degradation due
to interference. Energy consumption is the core issue in wireless sensor
networks (WSN). To generate a node energy model that can accurately reveal
the energy consumption of sensor nodes is an extremely important part
of protocol development, system design and performance evaluation in WN
s. In this paper, by studying component energy consumption in different
node states and within state transitions, the authors present the energy models
of the node core components, including processors, RF modules and sensors.
Furthermore,this paper reveals the energy correlations between node compo
nents, and then establishes the node energy model based on the event-
trigger mechanism. The attached sensors on patient’s body form a wireless
body sensor network (WBSN) and they are able to sense the heart rate, blood
pressure and so on. This system can detect the abnormal conditions, issue an
alarm to the patient and send a SMS/E-mail to the physician. The system is
able to carry out a long-term monitoring on patient’s condition and is
equipped with an emergency rescue mechanism using SMS/Email. The
application area we consider is that of remote cardiovascular monitoring,
where continuous sensing and processing takes place in low-power,
computationally constrained devices, thus the power consumption and
complexity of the processing algorithms should remain at a minimum
level. Experiments carried out on ECG signals from publicly available
databases, covering both standard 12-lead and ambulatory recordings, as well
as on a non-commercial database show that the performance is very close to
the state of heart ECG delineators. The interference effect of the Wi-Fi
signals on Thing Speak has been investigated based on real experiments in
different noisy wireless environments. The collected medical data from bio-
medical sensors should be transmitted to the nearest hospital for further
processing. Transmission of data contributes to a significant amount of
power consumption by the transmitter and increase in the network traffic. In
this paper we propose a low complex rule engine based health care
data acquisition and smart transmission system architecture, which uses
IEEE 802.15.4 standard for transferring data to the hospital. In this paper,
ECG data acquisition and transmission architecture is considered. The
metrics used for performance analysis are the amount of power saving and
reduction in network traffic. It is shown that the proposed rule engine gives
a significant reduction in energy consumption and network traffic generated.

3.Scope of study:
There is huge opening of IOT in the market as per the current requirements
and the demands of the generation is high. In this project we are working on
that which will connect people with future technology. People are in hunt of
the technologies that we are developing. With IoT technologies remote
patient monitoring devices, patients no longer need to choose between living
independently and feeling safe should health emergencies occur. With the
consistent monitoring provided by IoT technologies and real time alerts,
patients and their family have a sense of security even if the patient decides
to be at home.

The need for IoT based health monitoring system is apparent in situations
where the patient is:
• In a life threatening condition, for example where there are indications
of a heart attack.
• In risk of developing a life threatening condition.
• In a critical physiological state.
4.Objective of project:
• To develop health monitoring system i.e. it measures body temperature
and heart/pulse rate.
• To design a system to store the patient data over a period of time using
database management by the help of wi-fi module and Thing Speak.
• To send the data of a patient to the doctor of nearby hospital by the help
of GPS & GSM module.

5.Project Methodology:

Fig 5.1: flow chart of project methodology

6.Block Diagram of Project:

Fig 6.1: block diagram of project

7.Components of Project:
7.1Arduino Uno:
Arduino is a software company, project, and user community that designs
and manufactures computer open-source hardware, open-source software,
and microcontroller-based kits for building digital devices and interactive
objects that can sense and control physical devices.

These systems provide sets of digital and analog I/O pins that can interface
to various expansion boards (termed shields) and other circuits. The boards
feature serial communication interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus
(USB) on some models, for loading programs from personal computers. For
programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project provides an
integrated development environment (IDE) based on a programming
language named Processing, which also supports the languages C and C++.

Fig 7.1.1: picture of Arduino uno

7.1.1 Arduino Specifications:-

• Microcontroller: Microchip ATmega328P
• Operating Voltage: 5 Volts
• Input Voltage: 7 to 20 Volts
• Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)
• Analog Input Pins: 6
• DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA
• DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA
• Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
• SRAM: 2 KB
• EEPROM: 1 KB
• Clock Speed: 16 MHz
• Length: 68.6 mm
• Width: 53.4 mm
• Weight: 25 g
7.2 Pulse rate sensor: Pulse Sensor is a well-designed plug-and-play
heart-rate sensor for Arduino. It can be used by students, artists, athletes,
makers, and game & mobile developers who want to easily incorporate live
heart rate data into their projects. The sensor clips onto a fingertip or earlobe
and plugs right into Arduino.
WORKING-
The Pulse Sensor can be connected to Arduino, or plugged into a breadboard.
The front of the sensor is the pretty side with the Heart logo. This is the side
that makes contact with the skin. On the front you see a small round hole,
which is where the LED shines through from the back, and there is also a
little square just under the LED. The square is an ambient light sensor,
exactly like the one used in cellphones, tablets, and laptops, to adjust the
screen brightness in different light conditions. The LED shines light into the
fingertip or earlobe, or other capillary tissue, and sensor reads the light that
bounces back. The back of the sensor is where the rest of the parts are
mounted.
7.2.1 Specifications:
• Operating voltage: 3.3 – 5V
• Current:4mA
• Digital Pulse Output Corresponding to Heart Rate.
• Indicator LED

Fig 7.2.1: picture of pulse rate sensor

7.3 Temperature sensor:
A temperature sensor is a device, usually an RTD (resistance temperature
detector) or a thermocouple, that collects the data about temperature from a
particular source and converts the data into understandable form for a device
or an observer. Popularly, these sensors are known as an IC temperature
sensor. They are classified into different types: Current output temperature
sensor, Voltage output temperature sensor, Resistance output silicon
temperature sensor, Diode temperature sensors and Digital output
temperature sensor. Present semiconductor temperature sensors offer high
linearity and high accuracy over an operating range of about -55°C to
+150°C. However, AD590 and LM35 temperature sensors are the most
popular temperature sensors.
7.3.1 Specifications:
• Calibrated Directly in Celsius
• Rated for Full −55°C to 150°C Range
• Suitable for Remote Applications
• Low-Cost
• Operates From 4 V to 30 V

Pin
Name Funtion
No
1 Vcc Supply voltage; 5V (+35V to -2V)
2 Output Output voltage (+6V to -1V)
3 Gnd Ground (0V)
7.4 Wifi Module:
The ESP8266 wi-fi module is a self contained SOC with incorporated
TCP/IP protocol stack that can offer any controller access to wi-fi network.
It uses 802.11 b/g/n protocols. Standby power consumption is less than
0.1mW. The ESP8266 module is an extremely cost effective board with a
huge, and ever growing, community.
This module has a powerful enough on-board processing and storage
capability that allows it to be integrated with the sensors and other
application specific devices through its GPIOs with minimal development
up-front and minimal loading during runtime.
7.4.1 Features:
• 802.11 b/g/n protocol
• Wi-Fi Direct (P2P), Integrated TCP/IP protocol stack
• Integrated PLL, regulators, and power management units
• +19.5dBm output power in 802.11b mode
• Integrated temperature sensor
• Supports antenna diversity
• Power down leakage current of < 10uA
• Integrated low power 32-bit CPU could be used as application
processor
• SPI, UART.

Fig 7.4.1: ESP8266 wi-fi module

7.5 GSM module:
GSM is a mobile communication modem; it is stands for global system for
mobile communication (GSM). The idea of GSM was developed at Bell
Laboratories in 1970. It is widely used mobile communication system in the
world. GSM is an open and digital cellular technology used for transmitting
mobile voice and data services operates at the 850MHz, 900MHz, 1800MHz
and 1900MHz frequency bands.
GSM system was developed as a digital system using time division multiple
access (TDMA) technique for communication purpose. A GSM digitizes and
reduces the data, then sends it down through a channel with two different
streams of client data, each in its own particular time slot. The digital system
has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.

fig 7.5.1: GSM module

7.6 GPS module:
GPS stands for Global Positioning System and used to detect the Latitude
and Longitude of any location on the Earth, with exact UTC time
(Universal Time Coordinated). This device receives the coordinates from
the satellite for each and every second, with time and date. GPS offers
great accuracy and also provides other data besides position coordinates.
Pin Description:
Pin name Description
VCC Power pin
RX UART receiver pin
TX UART transmit pin
GND Ground pin

Interfacing of GPS module with Arduino-

Fig 7.6.1: interfacing of GPS module with arduino

7.7 LCD:
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and
find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module
and is very commonly used in various devices and circuits. These modules
are preferred over seven segments and other multi segment LEDs. The
reasons being: LCDs are economical; easily programmable; have no
limitation of displaying special & even custom characters (unlike in seven
segments), animations and so on.
A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such
lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD
has two registers, namely, Command and Data.
The command register stores the command instructions given to the LCD. A
command is an instruction given to LCD to do a predefined task like
initializing it, clearing its screen, setting the cursor position, controlling
display etc. The data register stores the data to be displayed on the LCD. The
data is the ASCII value of the character to be displayed on the LCD. Click to
learn more about internal structure of a LCD.
Pin Description:
7.8 Air Pollution Sensor:
Air pollution sensors are devices that detect and monitor the presence of air
pollution in the surrounding area. They are used to detect the air quality in
certain range of area. Although there are various types of air pollution
sensors, and some are specialized in certain aspects, the majority focuses on
five components: ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur
dioxide, and nitrous oxide. These sensors can help serve many purposes and
help bring attention to environmental issues beyond the scope of the human
eye.
7.8.1 Features of air quality sensor(MQ135):
• Wide detecting scope
• Fast response and High sensitivity
• Stable and long life
• Operating Voltage is +5V
• Detect/Measure NH3, NOx, alcohol, Benzene, smoke, CO2, etc.
• Analog output voltage: 0V to 5V
• Digital output voltage: 0V or 5V (TTL Logic)
• Preheat duration 20 seconds
• Can be used as a Digital or analog sensor
7.9 Software Required:
7.9.1 Arduino IDE:
The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-
platform application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the
programming language Java. It is used to write and upload programs to
Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help of 3rd party cores, other
vendor development boards. The source code for the IDE is released under
the GNU General Public License, version2.The Arduino IDE supports the
languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring. The Arduino
IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides
many common input and output procedures. User-written code only requires
0two basic functions, for starting the sketch and the main program loop, that
are compiled and linked with a program stub main() into an executable cyclic
executive program with the GNU toolchain, also included with the IDE
distribution.

Fig 7.9.1.1: Arduino ide software

7.9.2 Thing Speak:
ThingSpeak is an open-source Internet of Things (IoT) application
and API to store and retrieve data from things using the HTTP protocol over
the Internet or via a Local Area Network. Thing Speak enables the creation
of sensor logging applications, location tracking applications, and a social
network of things with status updates.
ThingSpeak was originally launched by Io Bridge in 2010 as a service in
support of IoT applications.
ThingSpeak has integrated support from the numerical computing
software MATLAB from MathWorks, allowing Thing Speak users to
analyze and visualize uploaded data using Matlab without requiring the
purchase of a Matlab license from Mathworks.
ThingSpeak is an open data platform for the Internet of Things. Your device
or application can communicate with Thing Speak using a Restful API, and
you can either keep your data private, or make it public. In addition, use
Thing Speak to analyze and act on your data.

Fig 7.9.2.1: thingspeak

Conclusion:
As health care services are important part of our society, automating these
services lessen the burden on humans and eases the measuring process. Also
the transparency of this system helps patients to trust it. When threshold
value is reached, the alarm system that consists of buzzer and LED alerts the
doctors and he can act more quickly. The objective of developing monitoring
systems is to reduce health care costs by reducing physician office visits,
hospitalizations, and diagnostic testing procedure. The GSM technology
helps the server to update the patient data on website. Many further
improvements can be made in our system to make it better and easily
adaptable such as adding more advanced sensors. The biometric information
of the patient which is stored and published online can be given to scientists
and researchers of medical fields to analyse the value and find patterns or for
other research work. To simplify the hardware and reduce wiring we can use
wireless sensors.
References:
• Ebrahim Al Alkeem1, Dina Shehada1, Chan Yeob Yeun1, M. Jamal
Zemerly , Jiankun Hu “New secure healthcare system using cloud of
things”, Springer Science+ Business Media New York 2017.
• Yena Kim, SeungSeob Lee and SuKyoung Lee “Coexistence of
ZigBee-based WBAN and Wi-Fi for Health Telemonitoring Systems”
, DOI 10.1109/JBHI.2014.2387867, IEEE Journal of Biomedical and
Health Informatics .
• Mirza Mansoor Baig & Hamid Gholamhosseini “Smart Health
Monitoring Systems: An Overview of Design and Modeling”, Springer
Science+ Business Media New York 2013.
• Afef Mdhaffar, Tarak Chaari , Kaouthar Larbi, Mohamed Jmaiel and
Bernd Freisleben “IoT-based Health Monitoring via LoRaWAN”,
IEEE EUROCON 2017.
• Mohammad M. Masud, Mohamed Adel Serhani, and Alramzana
Nujum Navaz “Resource-Aware MobileBased Health Monitoring”,
2168-2194 (c) 2015 IEEE.
• Ayush Bansal, Sunil Kumar, Anurag Bajpai, Vijay N. Tiwari, Mithun
Nayak, Shankar Venkatesan, Rangavittal Narayanan, “Remote health
monitoring system for detecting cardiac disorders”, IET Syst. Biol.,
2015, Vol. 9, Iss. 6, pp. 309–314.
• Hamid Al-Hamadi and Ing-Ray Chen, “Trust-Based Decision Making
for Health IoT Systems” DOI 10.1109/JIOT.2017.2736446, IEEE
Internet of Things Journal.