Artificial or Supplimentary Food

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ARTIFICIAL OR SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING

INTRODUCTION

Mothers who are not motivated for breastfeeding may use this as an excuse for top feeding their
babies.

Artificial feeding should be started only if mother is unable to breastfeed the baby .

MEANING

It involves the use of breast milk substitutes in the form of liquid milk, i.e.fresh cows or buffalo’s
milk or commercially available dried whole milk.

Artificial feeding means -to feed the child other than breast milk.

Aims of artificial feeding:-

-to provide adequate nutrition to the infant

-to substitute breast milk and provide nutrients approx. as same as breastmilk

-to fullfil the needs of the child for proper growth and development

Indications for artificial feeding-

1.Death or absence of mother

2. Prolonged maternal illness

3.Complete failure of breast milk production

4.Absolute contraindication of breast feeding

5.Expressed breast milk is not available

Factors contributing to rising incidence of artificial feeding:-

Lack of interest in breast feeding

Wrong beliefs and ignorance related to breastfeeding

Increasing numbers of working mothers

Aping the western countries


Changing lifestyle

Availability of alternatives of mother’s milk

Publicity and appealing advertisements

Principles of artificial feeding-

1. The decision of giving artificial feeding must be taken after failure of all efforts to breastfeed
the baby

2. Feeding should be given by spoon and bowel or cup or glass

3. In sick or preterm infant, the feeding can be given with dropper

4. Bottle feeding must be avoided and mothers need explanation or information about the
hazards of bottle feeding

5. Strict cleanliness in the preparation and feeding procedure should be practiced.

6. Milk left over from previous feed should not be used again.

7. Feeding must be given with the calculated amount of fluids and calories according to the
baby’s expected weight.

8. Correct technique of feeding to be followed.

9. The milk should be warm, not too hot or cold.

10. An average 15 to 20 minutes may be needed to feed the total quantity, as required.

11. No. of feed can be 6 to 8 times in infant and 3 to 5 times in older babies.

12. Hygienic measures are very important.

13. If dried milk is used, it should be reconstituted as per direction given by the manufacturer.

14. Burping may be needed to allow to push out the swallowed air and to prevent vomiting,
abdominal discomfort

15. Supplementation of vitamins and minerals may be needed for babies to prevent deficiency
condition.

Choice of milk- Cow milk ,Buffalo milk ,Formula milk

COW’S MILK VS HUMAN MILK


COW’S MILK PROTEIN Has more protein as calves need more to enable them to grow quickly

HUMAN MILK Need less protein and more fat as required in development of brain, spinal cord
and nerves

Protein divided into CASEIN: WHEY PROTEINS

Normal ratio in cow milk is 80:20

Normal ratio in human milk is 40:60

CASEIN is difficult to digest and linked to various disease, allergies and diabetes in children

FAT

Cow milk contain 3.9g Contain more of saturated fat

Human milk contain 4.1g Contain more of unsaturated fat

CALCIUM

Cow milk contain 120 mg /100ml Large quantity difficult for digestion for a newborn baby

Human milk contain 34mg/100ml Easily absorbed

Cow milk contain very little iron, vitamin A, C & D cow milk has high protein, sodium,
potassium, phorphorus, chloride which increase renal load

IMPORTANT POINTS

Clean feeding vessels and rubber Nipples using bottle brush

If used, prefer glass bottles instead of plastic or metal bottles.

Avoid using bottle for feeding which is a source of infection.

Use katori spoon or cup for feeding & fresh clean water after each feed.

Boil rubber nipple for 1 or 2 minutes only Bottle and nipple need to be sterilized by boiling
before each feed.

& keep bottles and nipples in covered container, till these are usedbottle for at least 10 minutes.

Commercially available dried powered milks are reconstitued by mixing – one level measure of
milk powder + 30 ml of water If cow or buffalo milk,boil properly, boiling makes caesin curds
finer and easily digestible
Preparation of milk

Commercially available formula milk is prepared by:

1 level measure of milk powder + 30ml of water.

FEED REQUIREMENT:

AGE NO. OF FRED IN 24 HOURS AMOUNT(APPROX)


At birth At least 6-10 Birth to Day 3-baby will
need:- -Frequent feeding

½ oz -2 oz at each feeding
2 weeks-1 months At least 6-10 2-4 oz (60-120 ml)
1-2 Months 6-8 2-4 oz (60-120 ml)
3-5 Months 5-7 5-6 oz (150-180 ml)
6-8 Months 4-5 6-8 oz (180-240 ml)
9-11 Months 3-4 6-8 oz (180-240 ml)
12 Months 0-3 6 oz (180 ml)

Hazardous factors related to artificial feeding-

Danger of contamination

Multiple nutritional deficiencies

Gastro- enteritis

Long term sequeal of exclusive artificial feeding leads to:-

Lactose intolerance

Obesity

Atherosclerosis

Poor learning abilities

Poor parent child relationship

Frequent pregnancy Family disruption

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