ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ,

ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ-ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ,

ಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ.

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

ಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭ. ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭ
ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭ ,ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭ, ಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ.

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ

*ಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ, ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ ಭಭಭಭಭಭಭ.

All the counties obviously have their capitals as we have capitals for all the different states in India. All the counties
have specific types of currency notes having the values based on the current economic condition and GDP of the
country.
A value of money (currency) is always relative with respect to all those countries it trades with.
A continent is one of several very large landmasses on Earth.There are seven continent.They are:

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. North America
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Europe
7. Australia.

Country Capital Currency Continent

Afghanistan Kabul Afghani Asia
Albania Tirana Lek Europe
South
Argentina Buenos Aires Peso
America
Austria Vienna Euro Europe
North
Bahamas Nassau Bahamian Dollar
America
Bahrain Manama Bahraini dinar Asia
Bangladesh Dhaka Taka Asia
 North
Barbados Bridgetown Barbadian Dollar
America
Belarus Minsk Belarusian ruble Europe
Belgium Brussels Euro Europe
North
Bermuda Hamilton Bermudian Dollar
America
Bhutan Thimphu Bhutanese ngultrum Asia
South
Bolivia Sucre Boliviano
America
South
Brazil Brasília Real
America
Bulgaria Sofia Lev Europe
Cambodia Phnom Penh Riel Asia
Cameroon Yaoundé CFA franc Africa
North
Canada Ottawa Canadian Dollar
America
South
Chile Santiago Peso
America
China Beijing Renminbi (yuan) Asia
South
Colombia Bogotá Peso
America
Croatia Zagreb Kuna Europe
North
Cuba Havana Cuban peso
America
Cyprus Nicosia Euro [Europe] Asia
Czech Republic Prague Czech koruna Europe
Denmark Copenhagen Danish krone[a] Europe
South
Ecuador Quito United States dollar
America
Egypt Cairo Egyptian pound Africa
Ethiopia Addis Ababa Birr Africa
Finland Helsinki Euro Europe
France Paris CFP franc Europe
Gambia Banjul Gambian dalasi Africa
Georgia[Europe] Tbilisi Lari Asia
Germany Berlin Euro Europe
Ghana Accra Ghana cedi Africa
Greece Athens Euro Europe
Hungary Budapest Forint Europe
Iceland Reykjavík Icelandic króna Europe
Indonesia Jakarta Rupiah Asia
Iran Tehran Rial Asia
Iraq Baghdad Iraqi dinar Asia
Ireland Dublin Euro Europe
Israel Jerusalem New Shekel Asia
Italy Rome Euro Europe
North
Jamaica Kingston Jamaican Dollar
America
Japan Tokyo Yen Asia
Kazakhstan Astana Tenge Asia
Kenya Nairobi Kenyan shilling Africa
Kyrgyzstan Bishkek Som Asia
Laos Vientiane Kip Asia
Latvia Riga Euro Europe
Lebanon Beirut Lebanese pound Asia
Liberia Monrovia Liberian dollar Africa
Libya Tripoli Dinar Africa
Lithuania Vilnius Euro Europe
Luxembourg Luxembourg Euro Europe
Madagascar Antananarivo Malagasy ariary Africa
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Ringgit Asia
Maldives Malé Maldivian rufiyaa Asia
Mali Bamako CFA franc Africa
Malta Valletta Euro Europe
Mauritius Port Louis Mauritian rupee Africa
North
Mexico Mexico City Mexican peso
America
Monaco Monaco Euro Europe
Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Tögrög Asia
Morocco Rabat Moroccan dirham Africa
Mozambique Maputo Mozambican metical Africa
Myanmar (Burma) Naypyidaw Kyat Asia
Namibia Windhoek Namibian dollar Africa
Nepal Kathmandu Nepalese rupee Asia
Netherlands Amsterdam Euro Europe
North
Nicaragua Managua Nicaraguan cordoba
America
Nigeria Abuja Naira Africa
North Korea Pyongyang North Korean won Asia
Norway Oslo Norwegian krone Europe
Oman Muscat Rial Asia
Pakistan Islamabad Pakistani Rupee Asia
North
Panama Panama City Panamanian balboa
America
Paraguay Asunción Guaraní South
 America
South
Peru Lima Nuevo sol
America
Philippines Manila Philippine Peso Asia
Poland Warsaw Złoty Europe
Portugal Lisbon Euro Europe
Qatar Doha Riyal Asia
Romania Bucharest Romanian leu Europe
Russia Moscow Russian ruble Europe
Rwanda Kigali Rwandan franc Africa
Saudi Arabia Riyadh Saudi riyal Asia
Serbia Belgrade Serbian dinar Europe
Seychelles Victoria Seychellois rupee Africa
Sierra Leone Freetown Leone Africa
Slovakia Bratislava Euro Europe
Somalia Mogadishu Somali shilling Africa
South Africa Cape Town South African rand Africa
South Korea Seoul South Korean won Asia
South Sudan Juba South Sudanese pound Africa
Spain Madrid Euro Europe
Colombo, Sri
Sri Lanka Jayawardenepura Sri Lankan Rupee Asia
Kotte
Sudan Khartoum Sudanese pound Africa
Sweden Stockholm Swedish krona Europe
Switzerland Bern Swiss franc Europe
Syria Damascus Syrian pound Asia
Taiwan Taipei New Taiwan dollar Asia
Tajikistan Dushanbe Somoni Asia
Tanzania Dodoma Tanzanian shilling Africa
Thailand Bangkok Baht Asia
Trinidad and Tobago North
Trinidad and Tobago Port of Spain
Dollar America
Tunisia Tunis Tunisian dinar Africa
Turkey [Europe] Ankara Turkish lira Asia
Turkmenistan Ashgabat Turkmen new manat Asia
Uganda Kampala Ugandan shilling Africa
Ukraine Kiev Ukrainian hryvnia Europe
United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi UAE dirham Asia
United Kingdom London Pound sterling Europe
North
United States Washington, D.C. United States Dollar
America
 South
Uruguay Montevideo Uruguayan peso
America
Uzbekistan Tashkent Uzbekistan som Asia
Vatican City Vatican City Euro Europe
South
Venezuela Caracas Bolívar fuerte
America
Zambia Lusaka Zambian kwacha Africa
Zimbabwe Harare US dollar Africa

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. A replacement
for the ineffective League of Nations, the organization was established on 24 October 1945 after World War II in order
to prevent another such conflict. At its founding, the UN had 51 member states; there are now 193.
The headquarters of the United Nations is in Manhattan, New York City, and experiences extraterritoriality.
United Nation Organisation Headquarter
United Nations Organisation New York
United Nations Childrens’ Fund (UNICEF) New York
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) New York
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Geneva
World Health Organisation Geneva
International Labour Organisation Geneva
International Committee of the Red Cross Geneva
World Trade Organisation Geneva
World Meteorological Organisation Geneva
World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva
International Organization for Standardization Geneva
United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) Paris
UN Women New York
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Paris
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Vienna
International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna
Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Vienna
International Monetary Fund (IMF) Washington DC
World Bank Washington DC
Amnesty International London
International Maritime Organisation London
Commonwealth of Nations London
International Court Of Justice The Hague
Universal Postal Union Berne
Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) Rome
North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) Brussels
Transparency International Berlin
International Renewable Energy Agency Abu Dhabi (UAE)
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation Kathmandu
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Jakarta
Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Singapore
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Jeddah
Indian Ocean Rim Association for Regional Cooperation Ebene, Mauritius
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons The Hague, The Netherlands
International Olympic Committee Lausanne, Switzerland
Worldwide Fund for Nature Gland, Switzerland
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry Zurich, Switzerland
World Economic Forum Geneva, Switzerland
International Hydrographic Organization Monaco
International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) Monaco
Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Zurich, Switzerland
International Cricket Council (ICC) Dubai, UAE
International Hockey Federation (FIH) Lausanne, Switzerland
Fédération internationale des échecs (FIDE) or World Chess Federation Athens, Greece
International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Gland, Switzerland
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) Los Angeles, USA
Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) or Doctors without Borders Geneva, Switzerland
International Shooting Sports Federation Munich, Germany
International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) Paris, France
National Symbols represents the culture and tradition of a country in symbolic form. Most of the countries are better
known from their symbols rather than the country itself.
List of National animals in all countries :
Country National Animal
Afghanistan Marco Polo Sheep
Argentina Puma
Australia Kangaroo
Bangladesh Royal Bengal Tiger

Belgium
Lion
Bhutan Takin
Bolivia Llama
Brazil Jaguar
Bulgaria Lion
Chile Huemul
China Chinese Dragon
Colombia Andean Condor
Cuba Cuban Crocodile
Cyprus mouflon sheep
Denmark Lion
Egypt Saladin's Eagle
England Lion, Bulldog
Finland Brown Bear
France Gallic Rooster
Hungary Turul
India Royal Bengal Tiger
Iraq Komodo Dragon
Ireland Irish Wolfhound, Red Deer
Israel Hoopoe
Japan Pheasant, Koi
Jordan Oryx
Malaysia Malayan Tiger
Myanmar Tiger
Netherlands Lion
New Zealand
Norway Lion
Pakistan Markhor
Philippines Carabao
Poland White Eagle
Portugal Galo de Barcelos
Puerto Rico Coqui
Romania Golden Eagle
Russia Bear
Scotland Unicorn and Lion
Singapore Lion
South Africa Springbok Antelope
South Korea Korean Tiger
Spain Bull
Sri Lanka Lion
Taiwan Formosan Black Bear
Thailand Thai Elephant
United States of America American Bison
Vietnam Tiger, Water Buffalo and Dragon
Zimbabwe Sable Antelope
National Symbols represents the culture and tradition of a country in symbolic form. Most of the countries are better
known from their symbols rather than the country itself.

List of National Birds in Different Countrie :

Country National Bird
Afghanistan Eagle
Argentina Rufous Hornero
Australia Emu
Austria Barn Swallow
Bangladesh Oriental Magpie Robin
Barbados Brown Pelican
Belgium Common Kestrel
Bermuda Bermuda Petrel
Bhutan Common Raven
Bolivia Condor
Brazil Macaw
Chile Condor
China Red Crowned Crane
Colombia Andean Condor
Cuba Cuban Trogon
Denmark Mute Swan
England European Robin
Finland Whooper Swan
France Gallic Rooster
Germany White-tailed Eagle
Hungary Saker Falcon
India Peacock
Indonesia Javan Hawk Eagle
Iraq Chukar Partridge
Ireland Lapwing
Israel Hoopoe
Japan Green Pheasant
Jordan Sinai Rosefinch
Malaysia Rhinoceros Hornbill
Mexico Golden Eagle
Myanmar Burmese Peacock
New Zealand Kiwi
Norway Goldcrest
Pakistan Chukar
Philippines Philippine Eagle
Puerto Rico Puerto Rican Spindalis
Romania Great White Pelican
Russia Golden Bicephalic Eagle
Scotland Golden Eagle
Singapore Crimson Sunbird
South Africa Blue Crane
South Korea Korean Magpie
Spain Spanish Imperial Eagle
Sri Lanka Jungle Fowl

Taiwan
Formosan blue magpie
United States of America Bald Eagle
Zimbabwe African Fish Eagle
National Symbols represents the culture and tradition of a country in symbolic form. Most of the countries are better
known from their symbols rather than the country itself.

List of National Flowers in different Countries :

Country National Flower
Afghanistan Tulip
Argentina Ceibo
Australia Golden Wattle
Austria Edelweiss
Bangladesh White Water Lily
Barbados Pride of Barbados
Belgium Red Poppy
Bermuda Blue-eyed Grass
Bhutan Blue Poppy
Bolivia Kantuta and Patujú
Brazil Tabebuia Alba
Bulgaria Rose
Chile Copihue
Colombia Cattleya Orchid
Cuba Mariposa
Cyprus Cyclamen
Denmark Red clover
Egypt Lotus
England Rose, Tudor Rose
Finland Lily of the Valley
France Iris
Germany Cornflower
Hungary Tulip
India Lotus
Indonesia Puspa Bangsa
Iraq Rose
Ireland Shamrock
Israel Cyclamen
Japan Cherry Blossom
Jordan Black Iris
Malaysia Hibiscus
Mexico Dahlia
Myanmar Padauk
Netherlands Tulip
New Zealand Kowhai
Norway Saxifrage
Pakistan Jasmine
Philippines Jasminum Sambac
Poland Corn Poppy
Portugal Lavender
Puerto Rico Flor de Maga
Romania Dog rose
Russia Chamomile
Scotland Thistle
Singapore Vanda Miss Joaquim
South Africa King Protea
South Korea Hibiscus
Spain Carnation
Sri Lanka Blue Lily
Switzerland Edelweiss
Taiwan Plum Blossom
Thailand Golden Shower
United States of America Rose
Vietnam Lotus
Zimbabwe Flame Lily
This is a list of legislatures by country. A "legislature" is the generic name for the National Parliaments and
Congresses that act as a plenary general assembly of representatives and that have the power to legislate. All
entities included in the list of countries are included in this list.
Countries Parliaments
Afghanistan Shoora
Andorra General Council
Albania People’s Assembly
Azerbaijan Melli Majlis
Algeria National People’s Assembly
Angola National People’s Assembly
Argentina National Congress
Australia Federal Parliament
Austria National Assembly
Bahamas General Assembly
Bahrain Consultative Council
Bangladesh Jatiya Sansad
Belize National Assembly
Bhutan Tshogdu
Bolivia National Congress
Brazil National Congress
Brunei National Assembly
Botswana National Assembly
Britain Parliment (House of Common’s & House of Lords)
Bulgaria Narodno Subranie.
Cambodia National Assembly
Congo Democratic Rep. of National Legislative Council
Colombia Congress
Canada Parliament
China National People’s Congress
Chile Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Comoros Legislative Council and Senate
Costa Rice Legislative Council and Senate
Crotia Sabor
Cuba National Assembly of People’s Power
Czech Republic Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Denmark Folketing
Ecuador Natinal Congress
El Salvador Legislative Assembly
East Timor Constituent Assembly
Ethiopia Federal Council and House of Representative
Egypt People’s Assembly
Fiji Islands Senate & House of Representative
France National Assembly
Finland Eduskusta (Parliament)
Germany Bundestag(Lower House),Bundesrat(UpperHouse)
Guyana National Assembly
Greece Chamber of Deputies
Hungary National Assembly
Iceland Althing
India Parliament
Indonesia People’s Consultative Assembly
Iran Majlis
Iraq National Assembly
Israel Knesset
Italy Chamber of Deputies and Senate
Japan Diet
Jordan National Assembly
Korea(North) Supreme People’s Assembly
Korea(South) National Assembly
Kuwait National Assembly
Kenya National Assembly
Laos People’s Supreme Assembly
Labanon National Assembly
Lesotho National Assembly and Senate
Lithuania Seimas
Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies
Liberia National Assembly
Libya General People’s Congress
Malaysia Dewan Rakyat and Dewan Negara
Maldives Majlis Madagascar
Mongolia Great People’s Khural
Montenegro Federal Assembly
Mozambique People’s Assembly
Myanmar Pyithu Hluttaw
Nepal National Panchayat
Netherlands The State General
Norway Storting
New Zealand Parliament (House of Representative)
Oman Monarchy
Pakistan National Assembly & Senate
Paraguay Senate & Chamber of Deputies
Philippines The Congress
Papua New Guinea National Parliament
Poland Sejm
Romania Great National Assembly
Russia Duma & Federal Council
Serbia Federal Assembly
Senegal National Assembly
Seychelles People’s Assembly
Somalia People’s Assembly
South Africa Rep. House of Assembly
Spain Cortes
Sweden Riksdag
Saudi Arabia Majlis Al Shura
Sudan National Assembly
Switzerland Federal Assembly
Syria People’s Council
Turkey Grand National Assembly
Tunisia National Assembly
USA Congress
Vietnam National Assembly
Venezuela National Congress
Zaire National Legislative Council
Zambia National Assembly.
The 16th Lok Sabha of India came into being on 26th May, 2014 with the oath-taking ceremony of the India's 15th
Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with other ministers.

The list of portfolios of Cabinet Ministers, Minister of State with independent charges and State Minister is granted
below:
Prime Minister Ministry

Prime Minister and also in-charge of:

Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions;
Department of Atomic Energy;
Shri Narendra Modi
Department of Space; and
All important policy issues, and
All other portfolios not allocated to any Minister.

Cabinet Ministers:

Sr. No. Name Ministers

1 Shri Rajnath Singh Ministry of Home Affairs

2 Smt. Sushma Swaraj Ministry of External Affairs

 Ministry of Commerce and Industry,
3 Shri Suresh Prabhu
Ministry of Civil Aviation

Ministry of Finance,
4 Shri Arun Jaitley
Ministry of Corporate Affairs

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,

5 Shri Nitin Jairam Gadkari Ministry of Shipping,
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

6 Shri D.V. Sadananda Gowda Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

7 Sushri Uma Bharati Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation

Ministry of Science and Technology

8 Dr. Harsh Vardhan Ministry of Earth Sciences
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

9 Shri Ram Vilas Paswan Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution

10 Smt. Maneka Sanjay Gandhi Ministry of Women and Child Development

Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers

11 Shri Ananth Kumar
Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs

Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

12 Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad
Ministry of Law and Justice

13 Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

14 Shri Chaudhary Birender Singh Ministry of Steel

15 Shri Anant Geete Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises

16 Smt. Harsimrat Kaur Badal Ministry of Food Processing Industries

Ministry of Rural Development,

17 Shri Narendra Singh Tomar Ministry of Panchayati Raj,
Ministry of Mines

18 Shri Jual Oram Ministry of Tribal Affairs

19 Shri Radha Mohan Singh Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

20 Smt. Smriti Zubin Irani Ministry of Textiles

21 Shri Thaawar Chand Gehlot Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

22 Shri Prakash Javadekar Ministry of Human Resource Development

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas,

23 Shri Dharmendra Pradhan
Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
24 Shri Piyush Goyal Ministry of Coal,Ministry of Railways

25 Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman Ministry of Defence

26 Shri Mukhtar Abbas Naqvi Ministry of Minority Affairs

Ministers of State (Independent Charge):

Sr.
Name Ministers
No.

1 Shri Inderjit Singh Rao Ministry of Planning

2 Shri Santosh Kumar Gangwar Ministry of Labour and Employment

Department of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy

3 Shri Shripad Yesso Naik
(AYUSH)

4 Dr. Jitendra Singh Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region

5 Dr. Mahesh Sharma Ministry of Culture

6 Shri Giriraj Singh Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises

7 Shri Manoj Sinha Ministry of Communications

Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports,

8
Rathore Ministry of Information and Broadcasting

9 Shri Raj Kumar Singh Ministry of Power,Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

10 Shri Hardeep Singh Puri Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs

11 Shri Alphons Kannanthanam Ministry of Tourism

Ministers of State:
Sr.
Name Ministers
No.
1 General (Retd.) V.K. Singh Ministry of External Affairs

2 Shri Inderjit Singh Rao Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers

Department of Atomic Energy,

Department of Space
3 Dr. Jitendra Singh
Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions,Prime Minister's
Office

4 Dr. Mahesh Sharma Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

5 Shri Ram Kripal Yadav Ministry of Rural Development

Ministry of Mines,
6 Shri Haribhai Parthibhai Chaudhary
Ministry of Coal

7 Shri S.S. Ahluwalia Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology

8 Shri Hansraj Gangaram Ahir Ministry of Home Affairs

9 Shri Manoj Sinha Ministry of Railways

Ministry of Law and Justice,

10 Shri P.P. Chaudhary
Ministry of Corporate Affairs

11 Shri Upendra Kushwaha Ministry of Human Resource Development

Ministry of Shipping,
12 Shri Radhakrishnan P
Ministry of Finance

13 Shri Kiren Rijiju Ministry of Home Affairs

14 Shri Krishan Pal Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

15 Shri Vijay Sampla Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

16 Shri Vishnu Deo Sai Ministry of Steel

17 Shri Sudarshan Bhagat Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs,

18 Shri Vijay Goel
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation

19 Shri Jayant Sinha Ministry of Civil Aviation

Shri Babul Supria (Babul Supriyo)

20 Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
Baral

21 Sadhvi Niranjan Jyoti Ministry of Food Processing Industries

22 Shri Ramdas Athawale Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment

23 Shri Ramesh Chandappa Jigajinagi Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation

24 Shri Rajen Gohain Ministry of Railways

Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare,

25 Shri Parshottam Rupala
Ministry of Panchayati Raj

26 Shri M.J. Akbar Ministry of External Affairs

27 Shri Jasvantsinh Sumanbhai Bhabhor Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs,

28 Shri Arjun Ram Meghwal
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

Ministry of Road Transport and Highways,

29 Shri Mansukh L. Mandaviya Ministry of Shipping,
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers

30 Smt. Anupriya Patel Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

 Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution,
31 Shri C.R. Chaudhary
Ministry of Commerce and Industry

32 Dr. Subhash Ramrao Bhamre Ministry of Defence

33 Shri Ajay Tamta Ministry of Textiles

34 Smt. Krishna Raj Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

35 Shri Shiv Pratap Shukla Ministry of Finance

36 Shri Ashwini Kumar Choubey Ministry of Health and Family Welfare

Ministry of Women and Child Development,

37 Dr. Virendra Kumar
Ministry of Minority Affairs

38 Shri Anant kumar Hegde Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship

39 Shri Gajendra Singh Shekhawat Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare

Ministry of Human Resource Development,

40 Dr. Satya Pal Singh
Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

The Prime Minister of India is the chief executive of the Government of India. In India's parliamentary system.

1. Jawaharlal Nehru is the fisrt Prime minister of India.He also India's longest-serving prime minister.
2. Indira Gandhi was the first Woman Prime minister of India
3. Rajiv Gandhi was sworn-in as India's youngest Prime minister of India.
4. Manmohan Singh is the first Sikh Prime minister of India.
5. Narendra Damodardas Modi is the current Prime minister of India (14th).

List of Prime Minister :

Name Period
Jawahar Lal Nehru 15-Aug-1947 to 27-May-1964
Gulzarilal Nanda 27-May-1964 to 9 June 1964
Lal Bahadur Shastri 09-Jun-1964 to 11-Jan-1966
Gulzarilal Nanda 11-Jan-1966 to 24 January 1966
Indira Gandhi 24-Jan-1966 to 24-Mar-1977
Morarji Desai 24-Mar-1977 to 28-Jul-1979
Charan Singh 28-Jul-1979 to 14-Jan-1980
Indira Gandhi 14-Jan-1980 to 31-Oct-1984
Rajiv Gandhi 31-Oct-1984 to 02-Dec-1989
Vishwanath PratapSingh 02-Dec-1989 to 10-Nov-1990
Chandra Shekhar 10-Nov-1990 to 21-Jun-1991
P. V. Narasimha Rao 21-Jun-1991 to 16-May-1996
Atal Bihari Vajpayee 16-May-1996 to 01-Jun-1996
H. D. Deve Gowda 01-Jun-1996 to 21-Apr-1997
Atal Bihari Vajpayee 19-Mar-1998 to 22-May-2004
Dr. Manmohan Singh 22-May-2004 to 26-May-2014
Narendra Modi 26-May-2014 to Incumbent
 The 2017 Union Budget, presented by Finance Minister Arun Jaitley on Wednesday, was broadly focused on 10
themes — the farming sector, the rural population, the youth, the poor and underprivileged health care, infrastructure,
the financial sector for stronger institutions, speedy accountability, public services, prudent fiscal management and
tax administration for the honest.
Following are the highlights of Mr. Jaitley's Budget speech:
Demonetisation :

1. Demonetisation is expected to have a transient impact on the economy.

2. It will have a great impact on the economy and lives of people .
3. Demonetisation is a bold and decisive measure that will lead to higher GDP growth.
4. The effects of demonetisation will not spillover to the next fiscal.

Agriculture sector :

1. Sowing farmers should feel secure against natural calamities.

2. A sum of Rs. 10 lakh crore is allocated as credit to farmers, with 60 days interest waiver.
3. NABARD fund will be increased to Rs. 40,000 crore.
4. Government will set up mini labs in Krishi Vigyan Kendras for soil testing.
5. A dedicated micro irrigation fund will be set up for NABARD with Rs 5,000 crore initial corpus.
6. Irrigation corpus increased from Rs 20,000 crore to Rs 40,000 crore.
7. Dairy processing infrastructure fund wlll be initially created with a corpus of Rs. 2000 crore.
8. Issuance of soil cards has gained momentum.
9. A model law on contract farming will be prepared and shared with the States.

Rural population :

1. The government targets to bring 1 crore households out of poverty by 2019.

2. During 2017-18, five lakh farm ponds will be be taken up under the MGNREGA.
3. Over Rs 3 lakh crore will be spent for rural India. MGNREGA to double farmers' income.
4. Will take steps to ensure participation of women in MGNREGA up to 55%.
5. Space technology will be used in a big way to ensure MGNREGA works.
6. The government proposes to complete 1 crore houses for those without homes.
7. Will allocate Rs. 19,000 crore for Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana in 2017-18.
8. The country well on way to achieve 100% rural electrification by March 2018.
9. Swachh Bharat mission has made tremendous progress; sanitation coverage has gone up from 42% in Oct
13 to 60% now.

For youth :

1. Will introduce a system of measuring annual learning outcomes and come out with an innovation fund for
secondary education.
2. Focus will be on 3,479 educationally-backward blocks.
3. Colleges will be identified based on accreditation.
4. Skill India mission was launched to maximise potential. Will set up 100 India International centres across the
country.
5. Courses on foreign languages will be introduced.
6. Will take steps to create 5000 PG seats per annum.

For the poor and underprivilege health care

1. Rs. 500 crore allocated for Mahila Shakthi Kendras.

2. Under a nationwide scheme for pregnant women, Rs. 6000 will be transferred to each person.
3. A sum of Rs. 1,84,632 crore allocated for women and children.
4. Affordable housing will be given infrastructure status.
5. Owing to surplus liquidity, banks have started reducing lending rates for housing.
6. Elimination of tuberculosis by 2025 targeted.
7. Health sub centres, numbering 1.5 lakh, willl be transformed into health wellness centres.
8. Two AIIMS will be set up in Jharkhand and Gujarat.
 9. Will undertake structural transformation of the regulator framework for medical education.
10. Allocation for Scheduled Castes is Rs. 52,393 crore
11. Aadhaar-based smartcards will be issued to senior citizens to monitor health.

Infrastructure and railways

1. A total allocation of Rs. 39,61,354 crore has been made for infrastructure.
2. Total allocation for Railways is Rs. 1,31,000 crore.
3. No service charge on tickets booked through IRCTC.
4. Raksha coach with a corpus of Rs. 1 lakh crore for five years (for passenger safety).
5. Unmanned level crossings will be eliminated by 2020.
6. 3,500 km of railway lines to be commissioned this year up from 2,800 km last year.
7. SMS-based ''clean my coach service'' is put in place.
8. Coach mitra facility will be introduced to register all coach related complaints.
9. By 2019 all trains will have bio-toilets.
10. Five-hundred stations will be made differently-abled friendly.
11. Railways to partner with logistics players for front-end and back-end solutions for select commodities.
12. Railways will offer competitive ticket booking facility.
13. Rs. 64,000 crore allocated for highways.
14. High speed Internet to be allocated to 1,50,000 gram panchayats.
15. New Metro rail policy will be announced with new modes of financing.
16. Energy sector

Energy Sector :

1. A strategic policy for crude reserves will be set up.

2. Rs. 1.26,000 crore received as energy production based investments.
3. Trade infra export scheme will be launched 2017-18.

Financial sector :

1. FDI policy reforms - more than 90% of FDI inflows are now automated.
2. Shares of Railway PSE like IRCTC will be listed on stock exchanges.
3. Bill on resolution of financial firms will be introduced in this session of Parliament.
4. Foreign Investment Promotion Board will be abolished.
5. Revised mechanism to ensure time-bound listing of CPSEs.
6. Computer emergency response team for financial sector will be formed.
7. Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana lending target fixed at Rs 2.44 lakh crore for 2017-18.
8. Digital India - BHIM app will unleash mobile phone revolution. The government will introduce two schemes
to promote BHIM App - referral bonus for the users and cash back for the traders.
9. Negotiable Instruments Act might be amended.
10. DBT to LPG consumers , Chandigarh is kerosene-free, 84 government schemes are on the DBT platform.
11. Head post office as the central office for rendering passport service.
12. Easy online booking system for Army and other defence personnel.
13. For big-time offences - including economic offenders fleeing India, the government will introduce legislative
change or introduce law to confiscate the assets of these people within the country.
14. Fiscal situation

Total expenditure is Rs. 21, 47,000 crore.

1. Plan, non-plan expenditure to be abolished; focus will be on capital expenditure, which will be 25.4 %.
2. Rs. 3,000 crore under the Department of Economic Affairs for implementing the Budget announcements.
3. Expenditure for science and technology is Rs. 37,435 crore.
4. Total resources transferred to States and Union Territories is Rs 4.11 lakh crore.
5. Recommended 3% fiscal deficit for three years with a deviation of 0.5% of the GDP.
6. Revenue deficit is 1.9 %
7. Fiscal deficit of 2017-18 pegged at 3.2% of the GDP. Will remain committed to achieving 3% in the next
year.
Funding of political parties

1. The maximum amount of cash donation for a political party will be Rs. 2,000 from any one source.
2. Political parties will be entitled to receive donations by cheque or digital mode from donors.
3. An amendment is being proposed to the RBI Act to enable issuance of electoral bonds .A donor can
purchase these bonds from banks or post offices through cheque or digital transactions. They can be
redeemed only by registered political parties.

Defence sector

1. The defence sector gets an allocation of Rs. 2.74,114 crore.

Tax proposals

1. India’s tax to GDP ratio is not favourable.

2. Out of 13.14 lakh registered companies, only 5.97 lakh firms have filed returns for 2016-17.
3. Proportion of direct tax to indirect tax is not optimal.
4. Individuals numbering 1.95 crore showed an income between Rs. 2.5 lakh to Rs. 5 lakh.
5. Out of 76 lakh individual assessees declaring income more than Rs. 5 lakh, 56 lakh are salaried.
6. Only 1.72 lakh people showed income of more than Rs. 50 lakh a year.
7. Between November 8 to December 30, deposits ranging from Rs. 2 lakh and Rs. 80 lakh were made in 1.09
crore accounts.
8. Net tax revenue of 2013-14 was Rs. 11.38 lakh crore.
9. Out of 76 lakh individual assessees declaring income more than Rs 5 lakh, 56 lakh are salaried.
10. 1.95 crore individuals showed income between Rs. 2.5 lakh to Rs. 5 lakh.
11. Rate of growth of advance tax in Personal I-T is 34.8% in the last three quarters of this financial year.
12. Holding period for long term capital gain lowered to two years
13. Proposal to have a carry-forward of MAT for 15 years.
14. Capital gains tax to be exempted for persons holding land from which land was pooled for creation of the
state capital of Andhra Pradesh.
15. Under the corporate tax, in order to make MSME companies more viable, there is a proposal to reduce tax
for small companies with a turnover of up to Rs 50 crore to 25%. About 67 lakh companies fall in this
category. Ninety-six % of companies to get this benefit.
16. The government proposes to reduce basic customs duty for LNG to 2.5% from 5%.
17. The Income Tax Act to be amended to ensure that no transaction above Rs 3 lakh is permitted in cash.
18. The limit of cash donation by charitable trusts is reduced to Rs 2,000 from Rs 10,000.
19. Net revenue loss in direct tax could be Rs. 20,000 crore.

Personal income tax

1. Existing rate of tax for individuals between Rs. 2.5- Rs 5 lakh is reduced to 5% from 10%.
2. All other categories of tax payers in subsequent brackets will get a benefit of Rs 12,500.
3. Simple one page return for people with an annual income of Rs. 5 lakh other than business income.
4. People filing I-T returns for the first time will not come under any government scrutiny.
5. Ten % surcharge on individual income above Rs. 50 lakh and up to Rs 1 crore to make up for Rs 15,000
crore loss due to cut in personal I-T rate. 15 surcharge on individual income above Rs. 1 crore to remain.

Income Tax rate

Individual tax payers
Up to Rs 2,50,000 No tax
Rs 2,50,001 to Rs 5,00,000 5%
Rs 5,00,001 – 10,00,000 20%
More than Rs 10,00,000 30%
Senior citizens who are 60 years old and above but less than 80 years
Up to Rs 3,00,000 No tax
Rs 3,00,001 to Rs 5,00,000 10%
Rs 5,00,001 to Rs 10,00,000 20%
More than Rs 10,00,000 30%
Senior Citizens who are 80 years old and above
Up to Rs 5,00,000 No tax
Rs 5,00,001 to Rs 10,00,000 20%
More than Rs 10,00,000 30%
Dates are a very important part of the historical and genealogical research.
Month Dates Day
January 1-Jan Army Medical Corps Establishment Day
8-Jan African National Congress Foundation Day
10-Jan World Laughter Day
9-Jan Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
11-Jan Death anniversary of Lal Bahadur Shastri
12-Jan National youth Day (Birth Day of Swami Vivekanand)
15-Jan Army Day
23-Jan Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose's birth anniversary
25-Jan International Customs Duty Day, India Tourism Day, Indian Voter Day
26-Jan Republic Day
28-Jan Birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai
30-Jan (Martyr's day) Mahatma Gandhi's Martyrdom Day;World Leprosy Eradication Day
31-Jan World Leprosy Eradication Day
February 2-Feb World Wetlands Day
4-Feb National Day of Srilanka
5-Feb Kashmir Day (Organised by Pakistan)
13-
Sarojini Naidu's Birth Anniversary
Feb
24-
Central Exise Day
Feb
28-
National Science Day
Feb
March 3-Mar National Defence Day
4-Mar National Security Day
8-Mar International Women's Day
9-Mar CISF Raising Day
12-
Mauritius Day;Central Industrial Security Force Day
Mar
15-
World Consumer Day
Mar
16-
National Vaccination Day
Mar
21-
World Forestry Day
Mar
22- World Day of Water
 Mar
23-
World Meterological Day
Mar
24-
World TB Day
Mar
26-
Bangaladesh Liberation Day
Mar
April 1-Apr Orissa Day
5-Apr National Meritime Day
7-Apr World Health Day
11-
National Safe Motherhood Day
Apr
13-
Jallianwallah Bagh Massacre Day (1919)
Apr
14-
B.R. Ambedkar Remembrance Day
Apr
17-
World Haemophilia Day
Apr
18-
World Heritage Day
Apr
21-
National Civil Service Day
Apr
22-
World Earth Day
Apr
23-
World Books Day
Apr
24-
Panchayat Raj Day
Apr
26-
World Intellectual Property Day
Apr
May 1-May International Labour Day, Maharashtra Day
3-May International Press Freedom day; International Energy Day
4-May Coal Miners Day
7-May Worlds AIDS Orphans day
International Red Cross Day (It is celebrated to commemorate the birth anniversary
8-May
of the founder of the Red Cross Organization Jean Henry Dunant)
11-
National Technology Day
May
15-
International Family Day
May
17-
World Telecom Day
May
18-
International Museums Day
May
 22-
International Bio Diversity Day
May
24-
Commonwealth Day
May
25-
Worlds Thyroid Day
May
29-
International Day of UN Peace Keepers
May
30-
Hindi Journalism Day
May
31-
World No Tobacco Day
May
June 1-Jun World Milk Day (FAO)
5-Jun World Environment Day
8-Jun World Oceans Day
12-Jun World Day Against Child Labour / Child Labour Prohibition Day
14-Jun World Blood Donor Day
15-Jun World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
17-Jun World Day to Combat Desertification
20-Jun World Refugee Day
21-Jun International Day of Yoga
23-Jun United Nations Public Service Day
26-Jun International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
29-Jun National Statistics Day
July 1-Jul Doctor's Day
2-Jul World UFO Day
4-Jul American Independence Day
7-Jul International Day of Cooperatives
11-Jul World Population Day
17-Jul World Day for International Justice
18-Jul Mandela Day
26-Jul Kargil Victory Day
27-Jul Central Reserve Police Force Foundation Day
28-Jul World Hepatitis Day
August 6-Aug Hiroshima Day
9-Aug Quit India Movement Day
12-
International youth Day
Aug
14-
Pakistan's Independence Day
Aug
15-
India's Independence Day
Aug
19- World Photography Day
 Aug
20-
Sadbhavana Diwas
Aug
29-
National Sports Day of India (Dhyanchand's Birth Day)
Aug
30-
Small Industry Day
Aug
September 5-Sep Teacher's Day (Dr. Radhakrishnan's Birth Day)
7-Sep Forgiveness Day
8-Sep International Literacy Day
14-
Hindi day,World First Aid Day
Sep
16-
World Ozone Day
Sep
21-
International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's day
Sep
25-
Social Justice Day
Sep
27-
World Tourism Day
Sep
October 1-Oct International Day for the Elderly(UN)
2-Oct Gandhi Jayanti, International Day of Non-Violence
3-Oct World Nature Day, World Habitat Day
4-Oct World Animal Day
5-Oct World Teacher's Day
6-Oct World Wildlife Day, World Food Security Day
8-Oct Indian Air-force day
9-Oct World Postal Day
10-Oct World Mental Health day;National Post Day
11-Oct International Girl Child Day
12-Oct World Sight day
13-Oct World Calamity Control Day(UN)
14-Oct World Standard Day
15-Oct World White cane day(guiding the blind)
16-Oct World Food Day
17-Oct International poverty
20-Oct National Solidarity Day (China attacked India on that day)
24-Oct United Nations Day
30-Oct World Thrift Day
Rastriya Ekta Diwas (Sardar Patel), National Integration Day (In memory of Indira
31-Oct
Gandhi)
November 7-Nov Infant Protection day, World Cancer Awareness Day
9-Nov Legal Service Day
 10-
Transport Day
Nov
14-
Children's day/ World Diabetics day
Nov
17-
Guru Nanak Dev's Birth Anniversary
Nov
26-
Law Day
Nov
30-
Flag Day
Nov
December 1-Dec World AIDS Day
3-Dec World Disability Day
4-Dec Navy Day
5-Dec World Soil Day
7-Dec Armed Force Flag Day
10-
Human Rights day
Dec
11-
UNICEF Day
Dec
14-
National Energy Conservation Day
Dec
19-
Goa's Liberation day
Dec
23-
Kisan Divas (Farmer's Day)
Dec
The Republic of India has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an
anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes. All the symbols were picked up at various times.
The design of the national flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly just before independence, on 22 July
1947.There are also several other symbols including the national animal, bird, flower, fruit and tree.

National Emblem : The National Emblem of India is an adaptation of the Buddhist Lion capital of Ashoka at Sarnath,
near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh.

National Animal : The Tiger is the National Animal of India. It is the symbol of India's wealth of wildlife. The
magnificent tiger, Panthera tigris is a striped animal.

National Bird : The Peacock (Pavo Cristatus), is the National Bird of India. It is the symbol of qualities like beauty
and grace.

National Flag : The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (Kesari) at the top, white in the middle and
the dark green at the bottom and a blue wheel (chakra) with 24 sticks at the centre.

National Fruit : The Mango (Mangiferra Indica) is the National Fruit. It has been cultivated in India since time
immemorial.

National Tree : The National Tree of India is the Banyan (Ficus bengalensis)Tree. This huge tree towers over its
neighbors and has the widest trunk.

National Sport : Sport Field Hockey, in which India has an impressive record with eight Olympic medals, is
considered as the National Sport. However, Home Ministry has said that officially, no sport has been accorded, the
status of national Sport.
National Anthem : Jana-Gana-Mana.. .the song was composed originally in Bengali by Rabindranath Tagore,
adopted in its Hindi version is our National Anthem.

National Song : The song Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji, is our National song.

National Calender : The National Calender based on the Saka Era with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year
of 365 days was adopted from 22nd March, 1957.

National Flower : Lotus, scientifically known as Nelumbo nucifera is the National Flower of India.

Other National Symbols of India

National Sentence : Satyamev Jayate
Father of the Nation : Mahatma Gandhi
National Foreign Policy : Non-Alignment
National Information Letter : White Letter
National Currency : Rupee
National Festivals :
Republic Day (26th January)
Independence Day (15th August)
Gandhi Jayanti (2nd October)
National River : Ganga
National Aquatic Animal : Dolphin (Platanista gangetica)
National Heritage Animal : Elephant
National parks in India are IUCN category II protected areas. India's first national park was established in 1936 as
Hailey National Park, now known as Jim Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand.
By 1970,India only had five national parks. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and Project Tiger to
safeguard the habitats of conservation reliant species.
As of July 2015, there were 103 national parks encompassing an area of 40,500 km2 (15,600 sq mi) , comprising
1.23% of India's total surface area.
State Park Name
Meghalaya Nokrek National Park
Balphakram National Park
Madhya Pradesh Bandhavgarh National Park
Dinosaur Fossils National Park
Kanha National Park
Madhav National Park
Mandla Plant Fossils National Park
Omkareshwar National Park
Panna National Park
Pench National Park
Sanjay National Park2
Satpura National Park
Van Vihar National Park
Karnataka Anshi National Park
Bandipur National Park
Bannerghatta National Park (Bannerghatta Biological Park)
Kudremukh National Park
Nagarhole National Park
Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) National Park
Jharkhand Hazaribagh National Park
Odisha Simlipal National Park
Bhitarkanika National Park
Gujarat Blackbuck National Park, Velavadar
Gir Forest National Park
Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch
Vansda National Park
West Bengal Buxa Tiger Reserve
Gorumara National Park
Jaldapara National Park
Neora Valley National Park
Singalila National Park
Sundarbans National Park
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Campbell Bay National Park
Galathea National Park
Mahatma Gandhi Marine National Park
Middle Button Island National Park
Mount Harriet National Park
North Button Island National Park
Rani Jhansi Marine National Park
Saddle Peak National Park
South Button Island National Park
Maharashtra Tadoba National Park
Chandoli National Park
Gugamal National Park
Navegaon National Park
Sanjay Gandhi National Park
Jammu and Kashmir Dachigam National Park
Hemis National Park
Kishtwar National Park
Salim Ali National Park
Rajasthan Desert National Park
Keoladeo National Park
Mount Abu Wildlife Sanctuary
Mukundra Hills National Park
Ranthambore National Park
Sariska Tiger Reserve
Andhra Pradesh Papikonda National Park
Sri Venkateswara National Park
Arunachal Pradesh Mouling National Park
Namdapha National Park
Assam Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Kaziranga National Park
Manas National Park
 Nameri National Park
Rajiv Gandhi Orang National Park
Bihar Valmiki National Park
Chhattisgarh Guru Ghasidas (Sanjay) National Park
Indravati (Kutru) National Park
Kanger Valley National Park
Goa Mollem National Park
Haryana Kalesar National Park
Sultanpur National Park
Himachal Pradesh Great Himalayan National Park
Inderkilla National Park
Khirganga National Park
Pin Valley National Park
Simbalbara National Park
Kerala Anamudi Shola National Park
Eravikulam National Park
Mathikettan Shola National Park
Pambadum Shola National Park
Periyar National Park
Silent Valley National Park
Manipur Keibul-Lamjao National Park
Mizoram Murlen National Park
Phawngpui Blue Mountain National Park
Nagaland Intanki National Park
Sikkim Khangchendzonga National Park
Tamil Nadu Guindy National Park
Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park
Indira Gandhi (Annamalai) National Park
Mudumalai National Park
Mukurthi National Park
Telangana Kasu Brahmananda Reddy National Park
Mahaveer Harina Vanasthali National Park
Mrugavani National Park
Tripura Clouded Leopard National Park
Bison (Rajbari) National Park
Uttar Pradesh Dudhwa National Park
Uttarakhand Corbett National Park
Gangotri National Park
Govind National Park
Nanda Devi National Park
Rajaji National Park
Valley of Flowers National Park

UNESCO World Heritage Site :

 1. Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area 2014
2. Kaziranga National Park 1985
3. Keoladeo National Park 1985
4. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary 1985
5. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks 1988
6. Sundarbans National Park 1987
7. Western Ghats 2012

Sites Of Conservation Importance

1. Tiger Reserves 49
2. Elephant Reserves 16
3. Biosphere Reserve 18
4. Bird Areas 467
5. The major industrial centres in India are listed below:
Town Industry
Agra Shoes and leather goods
Adoni Cotton textile
Aligarh Locks
Alwaye Rare earths factory
Ambernath Machines tolls prototype factory – Monazite
Ankleshwar Oil
Anand Dairy products (AMUL)
Bangalore Cooton textile, aircraft , telephone, toys ,carpets , motors and machine tools
Bareilly Resin industry and wood work
Bhilai Steel plant
Bokaro Steel plant
Mumbai Cotton textile , films
Kolkata Jute electric bulb and lamps
Chittaranjan Locomotive
Delhi Textile , DDT
Dhariwal Woolen goods
Digboi Oil
Durgapur Steel plant
Firozabad Glass and glass bangles
Gwalior Pottery and textile
Jadwal Sarees
Jaipur Embroidery , pottery , brassware
Jamshedpur Iron and steel
Jharia Coal
Jalandhar Sports goods
Jawalamukhi Petroleum
Kanpur Leather goods/shoes
Katni Cement
Khetri Copper
Ludhiana Hosiery, sewing machines , cycles
Moradabad Brass utensils , calico – printing
Mysore Silk
Nangal Fertilizers
Nepanagar Newsprint
Neyveli Lignite
Perambur Rail coach factory
Pimpri (pune) Pencillin factory
Pinjore Machine tool
Raniganj Coal mining
Rourkela Steel and fertilizers
Rupnarainpur Cables
Sindri Fertilizers
Singhbhum Copper
surat Textile,Diamond
Sivakshi Fireworks, matches
Tiruchirapalli Cigars
Titagarh Paper
Trombay Atomis power station
vishakhapatnam Ship building
ist of Revolutions in India :

Blue Revolution : Fish Production

Black Revolution : Petroleum Production
Brown Revolution : Leather/Cocoa/Non-Conventional Energy Sources Production
Golden Fibre Revolution : Jute Production
Golden Revolution : Overall Horticulture/Honey/Fruit Production
Grey Revolution : Housing/Fertilizers/Wool Development
Green Revolution : Agriculture Production
Pink Revolution : Onions/Prawn/Drugs & Pharmaceuticals
Red Revolution : Tomato/Meat Production
Round Revolution : Potato Production
Silver Revolution : Egg Production
Silver Fibre Revolution : Cotton Production
White Revolution : Dairy/Milk Production
Yellow Revolution : Oil Seed Production

Father Some Revolution :

Father of Green Revolution in India M.S.Swaminathan
Father of Green Revolution is Norman Borlaug
Father of White Revolution is Dr. Verghese Kurien
blue revolution, Black Revolution, Golden Fibre Revolution
Indian folk and tribal dances are simple dances, and are performed to express joy and happiness among themselves.
Folk and tribal dances are performed for every possible occasion, to celebrate the arrival of seasons, birth of a child,
a wedding and festivals. The dances are extremely simple with minimum of steps or movement. The dances burst
with verve and vitality. Men and women perform some dances exclusively, while in some performances men and
women dance together.
State Dance Form
Andhra Pradesh  Kuchipudi
  Kottam

 Ojapali
 Bihu
Assam
 Ankia Na

 Lion and Peacock dance

 Chalo
Arunachal  Popir
Pradesh  Bardo Chham
 Aji Lamu

 Jata Jatin
 Faguna or Fag
Bihar
 Purbi,Bidesia

 Panthi
Chhatisgarh  Raut Nacha

 Dandya Ras
 Garba Lasya Nritya
 Bhavai
Gujarat  Garba
 Rasila
 Trippan

 Fugdi
 Dekhnni
Goa  Tarangamel
 Dhalo

 Swang
 Khoria
 Gugga dance
Haryana  Loor
 Sang
 Dhama

 Luddi Dance
 Munzra
Himachal  Kanayala
Pradesh  Giddha Parhaun
 Hikat

 Rouf
Jammu and
 Chakri
Kashmir

Jharkhand Karma
 Yakshagana
Karnataka
 Bayalata
  Simha Nutrya
 Dollu Kunitha
 Veeragase

 Chakiarkoothu
 Kathakali
 Mohiniattam
 Ottam Thullal
 Chavittu Natakam
 Kaikotti Kalai
Kerala  Koodiyattam
 Krishnavattam
 Mudiyettu
 Tappatri Kai
 Tappatri Kai
 Theyyam

Lakshadweep Lava
 Macha
 Lota
 Pandvan
 Tertali
 Charkula
 Jawara
Madhya Pradesh
 Matki dance
 Phulpatti dance
 Grida dance
 Maanch
 Gaur maria dance

 Chiraw (Bamboo Dance)

Mizoram

 Thang ta
 Dhol cholom
Manipur
 Manipuri

 Tamasha
 Dahi Kala
Maharashtra  Lavani
 Lezim

 Odissi
 Savari
 Ghumara
 Paik
Odisha
 Chhau
 Gotipua
 Sambalpur

 Garadi
Puducherry
  Bhangra
 Giddha
 Daff
 Dhaman
 Malwai
 Jhumar
Punjab  Karthi
 Kikli
 Sammi
 Dandass
 Ludi
 Jindua

 Ghumar
 Chakri
 Gangaur
 Jhulan
 Leela
Rajasthan
 Jhuma
 Suisini
 Ghapal
 Kalbelia

 Singhi chham
 Yak Chaam
Sikkim  Maruni
 Rechungma

 Bharatnatyam
 Kumi
 Kolattam
 Kavadi
 Karagattam
Tamil Nadu
 Theru koothu
 Bommal attam
 Puliyaattam
 Oyilattam

 Perini Thandavam
 Dappu
Telangana
 Lambadi

 Hojagiri
 Goria
Tripura
 Lebang Boomani

 Chholiya
 Jagars
Uttarakhand
 Thali-Jadda
 Jhainta
  Barada Nat

 Nautanki
 Raslila
 Kajri
Uttar Pradesh  Jhora
 Chhapeli
 Jaita

 Jatra
 Chau
West Bengal
 Kathi

Classical Dances in India :

Indian classical dance, or Shastriya Nritya, is an umbrella term for various performance arts rooted in religious Hindu
musical theatre styles, whose theory and practice can be traced to the Sanskrit text Natya Shastra.
Dance State
Bharatanatyam Tamil Nadu
Bihu Assam
Bhangra Punjab
Chhau Bihar, Orissa, W. Bengal and Jharkhand
Garhwali Uttaranchal
Garba Gujarat
Hattari Karnataka
Kathak North India
Kathakali Kerala
Kutchipudi Andhra Pradesh
Khantumm Mizoram
Karma Madhya Pradesh
Laho Meghalaya
Mohiniattam Kerala
Mando Goa
Manipuri Manipur
Nati Himachal Pradesh
Nat-Natin Bihar
Odissi Orissa
Rauf Jammu &Kashmir
Yakshagan Karnataka
A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates credit.Lending activities can be
performed either directly or indirectly through capital markets. Due to their importance in the financial system and
influence on national economies, banks are highly regulated in most countries.
List of Banks in India :

1. Public-sector banks
2. Private-sector banks
3. Foreign banks
4. Regional Rural Banks (RRBs)
5. Cooperative banks

Public-sector banks :

1. State Bank and its associates

2. Nationalised banks
State Bank and its associates :

1. State Bank of India (SBI)

2. State Bank of Patiala (SBOP)
3. State Bank of Mysore (SBOM)
4. State Bank of Travancore (SBT)
5. State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ)
6. State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH)

Nationalised banks Year of Nationalisation

Allahabad Bank (ALB) 1969
Andhra Bank (ANB) 1980
Bank of Baroda (BOB) 1969
Bank of India (BOI) 1969
Bank of Maharashtra (BOM) 1969
Canara Bank (CAN) 1969
Central Bank of India (CBI) 1969
Corporation Bank 1980
Dena Bank (DEN) 1969
Indian Bank (IND) 1969
Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) 1969
Oriental Bank of Commerce (OBC) 1980
Punjab & Sind Bank (PSB) 1969
Punjab National Bank (PNB) 1969
Syndicate Bank (SYN) 1969
United Commercial Bank (UCB) 1969
Union Bank of India (UBI) 1980
United Bank of India (UBI) 1969
Vijaya Bank (VJP) 1980
Other public sector banks

1. Industrial Development Bank of India (IDBI)

2. Bharatiya Mahila Bank (BMB)

Private-sector banks
Axis Bank (AXIS)
Bandhan Bank
Catholic Syrian Bank (CSB)
City Union Bank (CUB)
Dhanlaxmi Bank
Development Credit Bank (DCB)
Federal Bank
Housing Development Finance Corporation (HDFC)
Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI)
Infrastructure Development Finance Company (IDFC)
Karnataka Bank
IndusInd Bank (INDUS)
International Netherlands Group and Vysya Bank
Jammu and Kashmir Bank
Karur Vysya Bank (KVB)
Kotak Mahindra Bank
Lakshmi Vilas Bank (LVB)
Nainital Bank
Ratnakar Bank Limited (RBL)
But Some Impotant bank Name with Tagline,Head Quarters listed

Bank Name Headquarters Tagline

Amsterdam,
ABN AMRO Making more possible.
Netherland
Allahabad Bank Kolkata A Tradition of Trust.
Andhra Bank Hyderabad Where India Banks.
Axis Bank Mumbai Badhti Ka naam Zindagi.
Bank of America Charlotte, USA Higher Standards.
Bank of Baroda Vadodara India’s International Bank.
Bank of India Mumbai Relationship beyond banking.
Bhartiya Mahila Bank New Delhi Empowering Women.
Bank of Maharashtra Pune One family one bank.
BNP Paribas Paris The Bank for the changing world.
Canara Bank Bangalore Together We Can.
Central Bank of India Mumbai “Central To you Since 1911”.
CITI Bank New York, USA The City never sleeps.
Corporation Bank Mangalore A Premier Public Sector Bank.
Dhanlaxmi Bank Thrissur, Kerala Tann. Mann. Dhan
Dena Bank Mumbai Trusted Family Bank.
Deutsche Bank Frankfurt, Germany A Passion to perform.
ECGC Bank Mumbai You focus on exports. We cover the risks.
HDFC Bank Mumbai We understand your world.
HSBC London The world’s local bank.
ICICI Bank Mumbai Hum Hai Na, Khyal Apka.
IDBI Bank Mumbai Banking For All, “Aao Sochein Bada”.
Indian Bank Chennai Your Tech- Friendly Bank.
Indian Overseas Bank Chennai Good people to grow with.
J & K Bank Srinagar, J&K Serving to Empower.
Karnataka Bank Mangalore Your Family Bank, Across India.
Karur Vysya Bank Karur, Tamil Nadu Smart Way to Bank.
Kotak Mahindra Bank Mumbai Let’s Make Money Simple.
Lakshmi Vilas Bank Karur, Tamil Nadu The changing face of prosperity.
Punjab National Bank New Delhi The name you can bank upon.
Punjab & Sind Bank New Delhi Where service is a way of life.
Oriental Bank of
New Delhi Where every individual is committed.
Commerce
With you all the way, Pure Banking Nothing Else,
SBI Mumbai
The Nation’s banks on us.
South Indian Bank Thrissur, Kerala Experience next generation banking.
Standard Chartered Bank London Your Right Partner.
State Bank of Bikaner
Jaipur The Bank with a vision.
and Jaipur
State Bank of Hyderabad Hyderabad You can always bank on us.
State Bank of Mysore Bangalore Working for a better tomorrow.
State Bank of Patiala Patiala Blending Modernity with Tradition.
State Bank of
Thiruvananthapuram A long Tradition of Trust.
Travancore
Syndicate Bank Manipal(Karnataka) Your Faithful And Friendly Financial Partner.
UCO Bank Kolkata Honours Your Trust.
Union Bank of India Mumbai Good People to Bank with.
United Bank of India Kolkata The Bank that begins with “U”.
Vijaya Bank Bangalore A friend you can bank on.
Yes Bank Mumbai Experience our Expertise.
The President of India is the head of state and first citizen of India. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of
the Indian Armed Forces.
The Vice-President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India, after the President.

1. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India in 1947.

2. Two presidents, Zakir Hussain and Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, have died in office.
3. The terms of Varahagiri Venkata Giri, Muhammad Hidayatullah, and Basappa Danappa Jatti, who have
functioned as acting presidents.
4. Pratibha Patil, who was in office till 25 July 2012, was elected as the 12th President of India in 2007. She is
also the first woman to serve as President of India.
5. The current President is Pranab Mukherjee elected on 25 July 2012.
6. Mukherjee held various posts in the cabinet ministry for the Government of India such as Finance Minister,
Foreign Minister, Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission. He originally comes
from West Bengal and is also the first Bengali to hold the post of the President.

List of President of India :

Name Period
Rajendra Prasad 26-Jan-1950 to 13-May-1962
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 13-May-1962 to 13-May-1967
Zakir Hussain 13-May-1967 to 3-May-1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 3-May-1969 to 20-Jul-1969
Muhammad Hidayatullah 20-Jul-1969 to 24-Aug-1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri 24-Aug-1969 to 24-Aug-1974
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 24-Aug-1974 to 11-Feb-1977
Basappa Danappa Jatti 11-Feb-1977 to 25-Jul-1977
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy 25-Jul-1977 to 25-Jul-1982
Giani Zail Singh 25-Jul-1982 to 25-Jul-1987
Ramaswamy Venkataraman 25-Jul-1987 to 25-Jul-1992
Shankar Dayal Sharma 25-Jul-1992 to 25-Jul-1997
Kocheril Raman Narayanan 25-Jul-1997 to 25-Jul-2002
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam 25-Jul-2002 to 25-Jul-2007
Pratibha Patil 25-Jul-2007 to 25-Jul-2012
Pranab Mukherjee 25-Jul-2012 to 24-Jul-2017
Ram Nath Kovind 25-Jul-2017 to Till now
An invention is a unique or novel device, method, composition or process. The invention process is a process within
an overall engineering and product development process. It may be an improvement upon a machine or product, or a
new process for creating an object or a result.
Inventor Inventions Year Country
Berthelot Acetylene Gas 1862 France
Pascal Adding machine 1642 France
Richard Drew Adhesive tape, Scotch 1930 USA
Orville & Wilbur Wright Aeroplane 1903 USA
Carrier Air conditioning 1902 USA
Ohain Aeroplane, jet engine 1939 Germany
Henri Giffard Airship(non-rigid) 1852 France
Erik Rotheim Aerosol spray 1926 Norway
William Kolff Artificial heart 1957 Netherlands
J Robert Oppenheimer Atomic bomb 1945 USA
Moseley atomic numbers 1913 Britain
Dalton atomic theory 1803 Britain
John Browning automatic rifle 1918 USA
Leo H Baekeland Bakelite 1907 Belgium
Wernher von Braun ballistic missile 1944 Germany
Jacques & Joseph Montgolfier balloon 1783 France
John J loud ballpoint pen 1888 USA
Evangelista Torricelli barometer 1644 Italy
Alessandro Volta battery(electric) 1800 Italy
Kirkpatrick Macmillan bicycle 1839-40 Britain
John Boyd Duniop bicycle tyres(pneumatic) 1888 Britain
Benjamin Franklin bifocal lens 1780 USA
Tennant bleaching powder 1798 Britain
R. Willhelm von Bunsen Bunsen Burner 1855 Germany
Edwin T. Holmes burglar alarms 1858 USA
Newton calculus 1670 Britain
Walker Eastman camera, Kodak 1888 USA
Appert canned food 1804 France
Nicolas Cugnot Car(Steam) 1769 France
Karl Benz car(Petrol) 1888 Germany
Gottlieb Daimler Carburettor 1876 Germany
Philips co. Cassette, Audio 1963 Holland
Sony Cassette videotape 1969 Japan
Alexander Parkes Celluloid 1861 Britain
Joseph Aspdin Cement (Portland) 1824 Britain
Ehrlich Chemotheraphy 1909 Germany
John Harrison Chronometer 1735 Britain
Nicolas and Jean Lumiere Cinema 1895 France
I Hsing & Liang Ling Tsan Clock (Mechanical) 1725 China
Boyer, Cohen Cloning, DNA 1973 USA
Wilmut, et al Cloning, mammal 1996 UK
RCA Compact disc 1972 USA
Sony, Philips co Compact disc player 1979 Japan, Netherlands
Sinclair Computer, laptop 1987 Britain
Digital corp Computer,mini 1960 USA
Arthur Wynne Crossword puzzle 1913 USA
Hounsfield CT Scan 1973 Britain
Rudolf Diesel Diesel engine 1895 Germany
Dr. F Lanchester Disc brakes 1902 Britain
Phillips co Disc, video 1972 Holland
Crick-UK,Watson-US,Wilkins-UK DNA, structure 1951 —
Hypolite Pixii Dynamo 1832 France
H.W. Seeley Electric flat iron 1882 USA
Thomas alva Edison Electric lamp 1879 USA
Zenobe Gramme electric motor (DC) 1873 Belgium
Nikola Tesla Electric motor (AC) 1888 USA
Henry W.Seely Electric iron 1882 USA
Alva J Fisher Electric washing machine 1906 USA
William Sturgeon Electromagnet 1824 Britain
Thomson J Electron 1897 Britain
Luigi Brugnatelli Electroplating 1805 Italy
Dr Alan M turning Electronic computer 1824 Britain
Alexander Bain Facsimile machine 1843 Britain
Kepany Fibre-optics 1955 Britain
Louise Prince Film (moving outlines) 1885 France
J. Engl, J.Mussolle & H Vogt Film (talking) 1922 Germany
Dr Le de forest Film (musical sound) 1923 USA
IBM Floppy disk 1970 USA
EH Armstrong Frequency modulation 1933 USA
Fred Morrisson Frisbee 1948 USA
Lewis E. Waterman Fountain pen 1884 USA
Andre-Marie Ampere Galvanometer 1834 France
Sir George Cayley Glider 1853 Britain
Thomas Alva Edison Gramophone 1878 USA
Etinne Oehmichen Helicopter 1924 France
Martagnier HIV 1984 France
Denis Gason Holography 1947 Britain
Edward Teller Hydrogen bomb 1952 USA
Simon Binet Intelligence testing 1905 France
Sir Frank Whittle Jet engine 1937 Britain
Theodore Maiman Laser 1960 USA
J.F. Cantrell Launderette 1934 USA
Elisha G Otis Lift (mechanical) 1852 USA
Benjamin Franklin Lightning conductor 1752 USA
Richard Trevithick Locomotive 1804 Britain
Napier Logarithms 1614 Britain
E cartwright Loom, power 1785 Britain
Horace Short Loudspeaker 1900 Britain
Richard Gatling Machine gun 1718 Britain
Fritz Pfleumer Magnetic recording tape 1928 Germany
John Walker Match, safety 1826 Britain
Alexander Graham Bell Microphone 1876 USA
Robert Noyce & Gordon Moore Microprocessor 1971 USA
Z.Janssen Microscope,comp 1590 Netherlands
Ruska Knoll Microscopes, elect 1931 Germany
Percy LeBaron Spencer Microwave oven 1947 USA
G. Daimler Motorcycle 1885 Germany
Thomas Edison Movie projector 1593 USA
Damadian MRI 1971 USA
George Claude Neon lamp 1910 France
Chadwick Neutron 1932 Britain
Samuel Cohan Neutron bomb 1958 USA
Dr Wallace H Carothers Nylon 1937 USA
Narinder Kapany Optical fibre 1955 Germany
– Paper AD 105 China
Zoll Pacemaker 1952 USA is
Lewis Pasteur Pasteurization 1867 France
Lacques Nicolas Conte Pencil 1792 France
Mendeleyev Periodic table 1869 Russia
Carlson Photocopier 1938 USA
Julius Elster, Hans F Geitel Photoelectric cell 1893 Germany
Reichenbach Photo film, celluloid 1893 USA
Goodwin Eastman Photo film, transparent 1884 USA
J.N. Niepce Photography (on metal) 1826 France
W.H. Fox Talbot Photography (on paper) 1835 Britain
John Carbutt Photography (on film) 1888 USA
Cristofori Piano 1709 Italy
Colt Pistol, revolver 1836 USA
Kennedy, whal,Seaborg,Segre Plutonium fission 1940 USA
Charles Strite Pop-up toaster 1927 USA
Johann Gutenberg Printing press 1455 Germany
Richard Hoe Printing (rotatory) 1846 USA
William Bullock Printing (Web) 1865 USA
Rutherford Proton 1919 New Zealand
Plank Quantum theory 1900 Germany
AH Taylor and Leo C Young Radar 1922 USA
Libby Radiocarbon dating 1947 USA
Dr Mohlon Loomis Radio telegrapy 1864 USA
G Marconi Radio telegrapy (trans Atlantic) 1901 Italy
Sir Joseph Swan Rayon 1883 Britain
Col Jacob Schick Razor (electric) 1931 USA
King C Gillette Razor (safety) 1895 USA
James Harrison, Alexandre catlin Refrigerator 1850 USA
Einstein Relativity theory 1905 Germany
Dunlop Rubber Co. Rubber (latex foam) 1928 Britain
Thomas Hancock Rubber (Tyres) 1846 Britain
Charles Goodyear Rubber (Vulcanised) 1841 USA
Charles Macintosh Rubber (waterproof) 1823 Britain
Walter Hunt Safety pin 1849 USA
King camp Gillette Safety razor 1903 USA
Volvo Seatbelt 1959 Sweden
Charles F Kettering Self-starter 1911 USA
IC Perier Ship (steam) 1775 France
Hon Sir C Parson Ship (turbine) 1894 Britain
– Silk manufacture 50 BC China
W Le Baron Jenny Skyscraper 1882 USA
William Oughtred Slide rule 1621 Britain
Sir Richard Arkwright Spinning frame 1769 Britain
JamesHargreaves Spinning Jenny 1764 Britain
Samuel Crompton Spinning Mule 1779 Britain
Thomas Savery Steam Engine 1698 Britain
Thomas Newcomen Steam Engine(Piston) 1712 Britain
James Watt Steam Engine(Condenser) 1765 Britain
Harry Brealey Steel(Stainless) 1913 Britain
Laennec Stethoscope 1819 French
David Bushnell Submarine 1776 USA
J.H Van Tassel Super Computer 1976 USA
Moog Synthesiser 1964 USA
Sir Emest D Swington Tank 1914 Britain
Fessenden Poulsen Tape recorder 1899 Denmark
M Lammond Telegraph 1787 France
Samuel FB Morse Telegraph code 1837 USA
Bell Labs Telephone, cellular 1947 USA
Antonio Meucci Telephone (imperfect) 1849 Italy
Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (perfected) 1876 USA
Hans Lippershey Telescope 1608 Netherlands
John Logie Baird Television (mechanical) 1926 Britain
P.T Farnsworth Television (electronic) 1927 USA
John Logie Baird Television, colour 1928 Britain
Michael Faraday Transformer 1831 Britain
Bardeen, Shockley & Brattain Transistor 1948 USA
Sony Transistor radio 1955 Japan
Szilard Fermi Uranium fission, atomic reactor 1942 USA
Spangler Vacuum cleaner 1907 USA
Charles Ginsberg Videotape 1956 USA
Geprges de Mestral Velcro(hook-and-loop-fastner) 1948 Switzerland
Hurley Machine co Washing machine(elec) 1907 USA
Bartholomew Manfredi Watch 1462 Italy
Elisha Thomson Welder (electric) 1877 USA
Persian corn grinding Windmill 600 –
G Marconi Wireless (telegraph the) 1896 Italy
W.K Roentgen x-ray 1895 Geremany
W.L Judson Zip Fastener 1891 USA
Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of
electricity. India has 21 nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, having an installed capacity of 5780
MW and producing a total of 30,292.91 GWh of electricity while 6 more reactors are under construction and are
expected to generate an additional 4,300 MW.An ambitious plan to reach a nuclear power capacity of 63,000 MW in
2032.

Total capacity
Nucler Power Station State
(MW)
Tarapur Maharashtra 1,400
Rawatbhata Rajasthan 1,180
Kudankulam Tamil Nadu 2,000
Kaiga Karnataka 880
Kakrapar Gujarat 440
Kalpakkam Tamil Nadu 440
Narora Uttar Pradesh 440

The projects under construction are :

Total capacity
Power station State
(MW)
Rajasthan Unit 7 and 8 Rajasthan 1,400
Kakrapar Unit 3 and 4 Gujarat 1,400
Kudankulam Unit 2 Tamil Nadu 1,000
Madras (Kalpakkam) Tamil Nadu 500

The planned projects are :

Total capacity
Power station State
(MW)
Jaitapur Maharashtra 9,900
Kovvada Andhra Pradesh 6,600
Mithi Virdi (Viradi) Gujarat 6,000
Haripur West Bengal 4,000
Kudankulam Tamil Nadu 2,800
Gorakhpur Haryana 2,800
Bhimpur Madhya Pradesh 2,800
Mahi Banswara Rajasthan 1,400
Kaiga Karnataka 1,400
Chutka Madhya Pradesh 1,200
Madras Tamil Nadu 300

Thermal Power Plant :

"Thermal power is the ""largest"" source of power in India. There are different types of Thermal power plants based
on the fuel used to generate the steam such as coal, gas, and Diesel. About 71% of electricity consumed in India are
generated by thermal power plants.
Coal : More than 62% of India's electricity demand is met through the country's vast coal reserves.
Gas-based : The total installed capacity of Natural gas based power plants in India, is nearly 24,508.63 MW.
Diesel-based : The total installed capacity of major grid connected diesel-based power plants in India, is 993.53
MW."
List of Major Thermal Power Station in India
Power Station State
Mudra (TPP) Gujrat
Vindhayachal SUttar Pradesher Thermal Power Station Madhya Pradesh
Tirora (TPP) Maharashtra
Amravati (TPP) Maharashtra
Kobra SUttar Pradesher Thermal Power Plant Chattisgarh
Sant Singaji (TPP) Madhya Pradesh
Chandrapur SUttar Pradesher (TPP) Maharashtra
Sipat Thermal Power Plant Chattisgarh
Khaperkheda Thermal Power Station Maharashtra
Satpura Thermal Power Plant Madhya Pradesh
Ukai Thermal Power Plant Gujrat
Bhilai Expansion Power Plant Chattisgarh
Sikka Thermal Power Station Gujrat
Talcher SUttar Pradesher Thermal Odisha
Hirakud Captive Power Plant Odisha
Barauni Thermal Power Plant Bihar
Patratu Thermal Power Plant Jharkhand
Bokaro Thermal Power Plant Jharkhand
Durgapur Thermal Power Plant West Bangal
Rihand Thermal Power Plant Uttar Pradesh
Singrauli Thermal Power Plant Uttar Pradesh
Anpara Thermal Power Plant Uttar Pradesh
Obra Thermal Power Plant Uttar Pradesh
Rosa (TPS) Uttar Pradesh
Chhabra (TPP) Rajasthan
Panki (TPS) Uttar Pradesh
Simhadri SUttar Pradesher Thermal Power Plant Andhra Pradesh
UdUttar Pradeshi Thermal Power Plant Karnataka
Bellary Thermal Power Plant Karnataka
Mettur Thermal Power Power Plant Station Tamil Nadu

Hydro Power Plants in India :

"India is the 7th largest producer of hydroelectric power.Hydroelectric power potential of 84,000MW at 60% load
factor is one of the largest in the world.The present installed capacity as on 31 March 2016 is 42,783 MW which is
14.35% of total utility electricity generation capacity in India.
India also imports surplus hydro power from Bhutan. The hydro-electric power plants at Darjeeling and
Shivanasamudra were established in 1898 and 1902 respectively and were among the first in Asia. India has been
dominant player in global hydro power development."
Total capacity
Power station State
(MW)
Tehri Dam Uttarakhand 2400 MW
Srisailam Dam Andhra Pradesh 1670 MW
Nagarjunasagar Andhra Pradesh 965 MW
Sardar Sarovar Gujarat 1450 MW
Baspa-II Himachal Pradesh 300 MW
Nathpa Jhakri Himachal Pradesh 1500 MW
Bhakra Dam Punjab 1325 MW
Dehar Himachal Pradesh 990 MW
Baira Suil Himachal Pradesh 180 MW
Chamera-I Himachal Pradesh 540 MW
Chamera-II Himachal Pradesh 300 MW
Pong Himachal Pradesh 396 MW
Uri Hydroelectric Dam Jammu & Kashmir 480 MW
Dulhasti Jammu & Kashmir 390 MW
Salal Jammu & Kashmir 690 MW
Sharavathi Karnataka 1469 MW
Kalinadi Karnataka 1240 MW
Linganamakki Dam Karnataka 55 MW
Idukki Kerala 780 MW
Bansagar Dam Madhya Pradesh 425 MW
Bargi Dam Madhya Pradesh 105 MW
Madikheda Dam Madhya Pradesh 60 MW
Omkareshwar Madhya Pradesh 520 MW
Indira Sagar Madhya Pradesh 1000 MW
Loktak Manipur 105 MW
Khuga Dam Manipur
Koyna Maharashtra 1920 MW
Mulshi Dam Maharashtra 150 MW
Jayakwadi Dam Maharashtra 12 MW
Kolkewadi Dam Maharashtra MW
Rangeet Sikkim 60 MW
Teesta-V Sikkim 510 MW
Tanakpur Uttarakhand 120 MW
Dhauliganga-I Uttarakhand 280 MW
Loharinag Uttarakhand 600 MW
Airports in India are managed by the Airports Authority of India (AAI) under the Ministry of Civil Aviation is responsible
for creating, upgrading, maintaining and managing civil aviation infrastructure in India. It provides Air traffic
management(ATM) services over Indian airspace and adjoining oceanic areas.
Category of Aiport :

1. Total 125 Airports

2. 18 International Airports,
 3. 7 Customs Airports,
4. 78 Domestic Airports and
5. 26 Civil enclaves at Military Airfields.

List of Some Impotant Airport :

City Airport Name

State

Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair Veer Savarkar International Airport

Andhra Pradesh Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam International Airport

Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International

Assam Guwahati
Airport
Bihar Gaya Gaya International Airport
Delhi New Delhi Indira Gandhi International Airport

Goa Goa/td Goa International Airport/Dabolim Airport

Gujarat Ahmedabad Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport

Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar Srinagar Airport

Karnataka Bengaluru Kempegowda International Airport

Karnataka Mangalore Mangalore International Airport

Kerala Kochi Cochin International Airport
Kerala Kozhikode Calicut International Airport
Kerala Thiruvananthapuram Trivandrum International Airport
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal Raja Bhoj International Airport

Maharashtra Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International

Maharashtra Nagpur
Airport
Manipur Imphal Tulihal International Airport
Odisha Bhubaneswar Biju Patnaik International Airport

Punjab Amritsar Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport

Rajasthan Jaipur Jaipur International Airport

Tamil Nadu Chennai Chennai International Airport
Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Coimbatore International Airport
Tamil Nadu Madurai Madurai Airport
Tamil Nadu Tiruchirapalli Tiruchirapalli International Airport
Telangana Hyderabad Rajiv Gandhi International Airport

Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport

Uttar Pradesh Varanasi Lal Bahadur Shastri Airport

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International
West Bengal Kolkata
Airport
 There are 49 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administered by the National Tiger
Conservation Authority.
India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2011
and 2,226 in 2014.
According to latest statement by Environment Minister, the count had gone up to 2500 in 2016.

Name of Tiger Reserve State

Bandipur Karnataka
Corbett Uttarakhand
Kanha Madhya Pradesh
Manas Assam
Melghat Maharashtra
Similipal Odisha
Periyar Kerala
Sunderbans West Bengal
Palamau Jharkhand
Ranthambore Rajasthan
Pench Madhya Pradesh
Dudhwa Uttarpradesh
Namdapha Arunachal Pradesh
Indravati Chattisgarh
Sariska Rajasthan
Kalakad Mundanthurai Tamilnadu
Valmiki Bihar
Panna Madhya Pradesh
Dampa Mizoram
Bandhavgarh Madhyapradesh
Bhadra Karnataka
Pakke Arunachal Pradesh
Satpura Madhyapradesh
Nameri Assam
Annamalai Tamilnadu
Kaziranga Assam
Satkosia Odisha
Dandeli Anshi Karnataka
Achanakmar Chattisgarh
Mudumalai Tamilnadu
Sanjay Dubri Madhyapradesh
Parambikuilam Kerala
Nagarjuna Sagar Srisailam Andhra pradesh
Mukanda hills Rajasthan
Orang Assam
Bor Maharashtra
Kawal Telangana
Sahyadri Maharashtra
Rajaji Uttarakhand
Amrabad Telangana
Philibit Uttar Pradesh
Udanti Sitanadi Chattisgarh
This is a list of notable insurance companies present in India.
List Of General Insurance Companies :
Public Sector
New India Assurance Company Limited
National Insurance Company Limited
The Oriental Insurance Co. Ltd.
United India Insurance Co. Ltd.
Agriculture Insurance Company of India Ltd.

Private Players
Bajaj Allianz General Insurance Co. Ltd.
ICICI Lombard General Insurance Co. Ltd.
IFFCO-Tokio General Insurance Co. Ltd.
Reliance General Insurance Co. Ltd.
Royal Sundaram Alliance Insurance Co. Ltd
TATA AIG General Insurance Co. Ltd.
Cholamandalam General Insurance Co. Ltd
Republic Day honors the date on which the Constitution of India came into force on 26 January 1950 replacing the
Government of India Act (1935) as the governing document of India.

Chief Guests Invited in Indian Republic Day Celebrations :

Year and Invited by the India's Prime Minister Guest Name and Country

Year : 2017 Crown Prince : Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan

Prime Minister : Narendra Modi Country : United Arab Emirates

Year : 2016 President : Francois Hollande

Prime Minister : Narendra Modi Country : France

Year : 2015 President : Barack Obama (First U.S. President to be invited)

Prime Minister : Narendra Modi Country : USA

Year : 2014 Prime Minister : Shinzo Abe

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Japan

Year : 2013 King : Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Bhutan

Year : 2012 Prime minister : Yingluck Shinawatra

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Thailand
Year : 2011 President : Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Indonesia

Year : 2010 President : Lee Myung Bak

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Republic of Korea

Year : 2009 President : Nursultan Nazarbayev

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Kazakhstan

Year : 2008 President : Nicolas Sarkozy

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : France

Year : 2007 President : Vladimir Putin

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Russia

Year : 2006 King : Abdullah bin Abdulaziz al-Saud

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Saudi Arabia

Year : 2005 King : Jigme Singye Wangchuck

Prime Minister : Manmohan Singh Country : Bhutan

Year : 2004 President : Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Brazil

Year : 2003 President : Mohammed Khatami

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Iran

Year : 2002 President : Cassam Uteem

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Mauritius

Year : 2001 President : Abdelaziz Bouteflika

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Algeria

Year : 2000 President : Olusegun Obasanjo

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Nigeria

Year : 1999 King : Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev

Prime Minister : Atal Bihari Vajpayee Country : Nepal

Year : 1998 President : Jacques Chirac

Prime Minister : Inder Kumar Gujral Country : France

Year : 1997 Prime Minister : Basdeo Panday

Prime Minister : H. D. Deve Gowda Country : Trinidad and Tobago

Year : 1996 President : Dr. Fernando Henrique Cardoso

Prime Minister : P. V. Narasimha Rao Country : Brazil
Year : 1995 President : Nelson Mandela
Prime Minister : P. V. Narasimha Rao Country : South Africa

Year : 1994 Prime Minister : Goh Chok Tong

Prime Minister : P. V. Narasimha Rao Country : Singapore

Year : 1993 Prime Minister : John Major

Prime Minister : P. V. Narasimha Rao Country : United Kingdom

Year : 1992 President : Mário Soares

Prime Minister : P. V. Narasimha Rao Country : Portugal

Year : 1991 President : Maumoon Abdul Gayoom

Prime Minister : Chandra Shekhar Country : Maldives

Year : 1990 Prime Minister : Anerood Jugnauth

Prime Minister : V. P. Singh Country : Mauritius

Year : 1989 General Secretary : Nguyen Van Linh

Prime Minister : Rajiv Gandhi Country : Vietnam

Year : 1988 President : Junius Jayewardene

Prime Minister : Rajiv Gandhi Country : Sri Lanka

Year : 1987 President : Alan Garcia

Prime Minister : Rajiv Gandhi Country : Peru

Year : 1986 Prime Minister : Andreas Papandreou

Prime Minister : Rajiv Gandhi Country : Greece

Year : 1985 President : Raúl Alfonsín

Prime Minister : Rajiv Gandhi Country : Argentina
Year : 1984 King : Jigme Singye Wangchuck
Prime Minister : Indira Gandhi Country : Bhutan

Year : 1983 President : Shehu Shagari

Prime Minister : Indira Gandhi Country : Nigeria

Year : 1982 King : Juan Carlos I

Prime Minister : Indira Gandhi Country : Spain

Year : 1981 President : Jose Lopez Portillo

Prime Minister : Indira Gandhi Country : Mexico

Year : 1980 President : Valéry Giscard d’Estaing

Prime Minister : Indira Gandhi Country : France
Year : 1979 Prime Minister : Malcolm Fraser
Prime Minister : Morarji Desai Country : Australia

Year : 1978 President : Patrick Hillery

Prime Minister : Morarji Desai Country : Ireland

Year : 1977 First Secretary : Edward Gierek

Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Poland
Year : 1976 Prime Minister : Jacques Chirac
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : France
Year : 1975 President : Kenneth Kaunda
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Zambia

1. President, Josip Broz Tito

Year : 1974 Country : Yugoslavia
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi 2. Prime Minister : Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike
Country : Yugoslavia

Year : 1973 President : Mobutu Sese Seko

Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Zaire
Year : 1972 Prime Minister : Seewoosagur Ramgoolam
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Mauritius
Year : 1971 President : Julius Nyerere
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Tanzania
Year : 1970
_
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi
Year : 1969 Prime Minister : Todor Zhivkov
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi Country : Bulgaria

1.Prime Minister, Alexei Kosygin

Year : 1968 Country : Soviet Union
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi 2.President : Josip Broz Tito
Country : Yugoslavia

Year : 1967
_
Prime Minister :Indira Gandhi

Year : 1966
_
Prime Minister :Gulzarilal Nanda

Year : 1965 Food and Agriculture Minister : Rana Abdul Hamid

Prime Minister :Lal Bahadur Shastri Country : Pakistan

Year : 1964
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1963 King : Norodom Sihanouk

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : Cambodia

Year : 1962
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru
Year : 1961 Queen : Elizabeth II
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : United Kingdom

Year : 1960 President : Kliment Voroshilov

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : Soviet Union

Year : 1959
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1958 Marshall : Ye Jianying

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : People’s Republic of China

Year : 1957
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1956
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1955 Governor General : Malik Ghulam Muhammad

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : Pakistan

Year : 1954 King : Jigme Dorji Wangchuck

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : Bhutan

Year : 1953
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1952
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1951
_
Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru

Year : 1950 President : Sukarno

Prime Minister : Jawaharlal Nehru Country : Indonesia

List of office-holders in India :

This is a list of current office holder of various fields of the Govt. of India.

Constitutional offices:
Office Name
President of India Ram Nath Kovind
Vice president of India / Chairman of the Rajya Sabha Venkaiah Naidu
Chief justice of India Dipak Misra

Constitutional Political offices :

Office Name
Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi
Speaker of the Lok Sabha Sumitra Mahajan
Heads of government apex wings :
Office Name
National Human Rights Commission, Chairperson Justice H.L.Dattu
Election Commissioner of India, Chief Om Prakash Rawat
Central Information Commission, Chief Commissioner R.K.Mathur
National Commission for Minorities, Chairman Naseem Ahmad
National Commission for SC, Chairman Ram Shankar Katheria
National Commission for ST, Chairman Nand Kumar Sai
National Commission for backward classes,
V.Easwaraiah
Chairperson
National Commission for Women,
Rekha Sharma
Chairperson
Atomic Energy Commission, Chairman Sekhar Basu
ISRO, Chairman K Sivan
Union Public Service Commission, Chairman Arvind Saxena
National Knowledge Commission, Chairman Sam Pitroda
Space Applications Center, Administrator(Director) D.K.Das

Heads of financial bodies :

Office Name
Governor of Reserve Bank of India Urjit Patel
14th Finance Commission of India, Chairman Nand Kishore Singh
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), Chairman Ajay Tyagi
Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, Chairman Subhash Chandra Khuntia
7th Pay Commission, Chairman Ashok Kumar Mathur
Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), Chairman Mohammad Mustafa

Bureaucrats :
Office Name
Cabinet Secretary of India Pradeep Kumar Sinha
National Security Adviser Ajit Kumar Doval
Secretary-General of the Rajya Sabha Desh Deepak Verma
Secretary-General of the Lok Sabha Snehlata Shrivastava
Attorney General of India K.K. Venugopal
Comptroller and Auditor General of India Rajiv Mehrishi
Solicitor General of India Ranjit Kumar
Principal Scientific Adviser K.VijayRaghavan
Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations Syed Akbaruddin.
Railway Board, Chairman Ashwani Lohani
Foreign Secretary Vijay Keshav Gokhale
Union Home Secretary Rajiv Gauba
Finance Secretary Hasmukh Adhia

Defence and security :

Office Name
Chief of Army Staff Bipin Rawat
Chief of Air Staff Birender Singh Dhanoa
Chief of Naval Staff Sunil Lanba
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Satish Dua
Director General, Border Security Force K.K.Sharma
Director General, Central Reserve Police Force Rajiv Rai Bhatnagar
Director General, Central Industrial Security Force Rajesh Ranjan
Director-General of Military Intelligence K.G.Krishna
Director, Central Bureau of Investigation Alok Kumar Verma
Director, Intelligence Bureau Y.C.Modi
Director General, National Investigation Agency Sharad Kumar
Secretary of Research and Analysis Wing A.K.Dhasmana
Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes Sushil Chandra
Director General of Indo-Tibetan Border Police ( ITBP) R.K.Pachnanda
India is a country located in southern Asia. With over 1.2 billion people, India is the most populous democracy in the
world. It is a federal constitutional republic governed under a parliamentary system consisting of 29 states and 7
union territories.
The states and union territories are further subdivided into districts and further into smaller administrative divisions.
List of States :
State Capital
Andhra Pradesh Hyderabad (Proposed Capital Amaravati)
Arunachal Pradesh Itanagar
Assam Dispur
Bihar Patna
Chhattisgarh Raipur
Goa Panaji
Gujarat Gandhinagar
Haryana Chandigarh
Himachal Pradesh Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar (summer), Jammu (winter)
Jharkhand Ranchi
Karnataka Bengaluru
Kerala Thiruvananthapuram
Madhya Pradesh Bhopal
Maharashtra Mumbai
Manipur Imphal
Meghalaya Shillong
Mizoram Aizawl
Nagaland Kohima
Odisha Bhubaneswar
Punjab Chandigarh
Rajasthan Jaipur
Sikkim Gangtok
Tamil Nadu Chennai
Telangana Hyderabad
Tripura Agartala
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow
Uttarakhand Dehradun
West Bengal Kolkata

List of Union Territories :

Union Territories Capital
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Port Blair
Chandigarh Chandigarh
Dadar and Nagar Haveli Silvassa
Daman and Diu Daman
Delhi Delhi
Lakshadweep Kavaratti
Puducherry Pondicherry
Since 1947, the Indian economy has been premised on the concept of planning. This has been carried through the
Five-Year Plans, developed, executed, and monitored by the Planning Commission (NITI Aayog after 2014).
With the Prime Minister as the ex-officio Chairman, the commission has a nominated Deputy Chairman, who holds
the rank of a Cabinet Minister. Montek Singh Ahluwalia is the last Deputy Chairman of the Commission (resigned on
26 May 2014).

Twelfth Plan (2012–2017) :

1. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan of the Government of India has decided for the growth rate at 8.2% but the
National Development Council (NDC) on 27 Dec 2012 approved 8% growth rate for 12th five-year plan.
2. With the deteriorating global situation, the Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Mr Montek Singh
Ahluwalia has said that achieving an average growth rate of 9 percent in the next five years is not possible.
The Final growth target has been set at 8% by the endorsement of plan at the National Development
Council meeting held in New Delhi.
3. The government intends to reduce poverty by 10% during the 12th Five-Year Plan. Mr Ahluwalia said, “We
aim to reduce poverty estimates by 9% annually on a sustainable basis during the Plan period. Earlier,
addressing a conference of State Planning Boards and Planning departments, he said the rate of decline in
poverty doubled during the 11th Plan.
4. The commission had said, while using the Tendulkar poverty line, the rate of reduction in the five years
between 2004–05 and 2009–10, was about 1.5% points each year, which was twice that when compared to
the period between 1993–95 to 2004–05.
5. The plan aims towards the betterment of the infrastructural projects of the nation avoiding all types of
bottlenecks. The document presented by the planning commission is aimed to attract private investments of
up to US$1 trillion in the infrastructural growth in the 12th five-year plan, which will also ensure a reduction in
subsidy burden of the government to 1.5 percent from 2 percent of the GDP (gross domestic product).
6. The UID (Unique Identification Number) will act as a platform for cash transfer of the subsidies in the plan.

List of Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission :

Name Took Office Left Office
Gulzarilal Nanda (Minister of Planning, later Prime Minister of India) 17-Feb-53 21-Sep-63
Sir V.T. Krishnamachari 17-Feb-53 21-Jun-60
Sir C.M. Trivedi 22-Sep-63 2-Dec-63
Ashok Mehta (Minister of Planning) 3-Dec-63 1-Sep-67
D.R. Gadgil 2-Sep-67 1-May-71
C. Subramaniam(Minister of Planning) 2-May-71 22-Jul-72
Durga Prasad Dhar (Minister of Planning) 23-Jul-72 31-Dec-74
P.N. Haksar 4-Jan-75 31-May-77
D.T. Lakdawala 1-Jun-77 15-Feb-80
Narayan Dutt Tiwari (Minister of Planning) 9-Jun-80 8-Aug-81
S.B. Chavan (Minister of Planning) 9-Aug-81 19-Jul-84
Prakash Chandra Seth (Minister of Planning) 20-Jul-84 31-Oct-84
P.V. Narasimha Rao (later Prime Minister of India) 1-Nov-84 14-Jan-85
Manmohan Singh (later Prime Minister of India) 15-Jan-85 31-Aug-87
P. Shiv Shankar(Minister of Planning) 25-Jul-87 29-Jun-88
Madhav Singh Solanki (Minister of Planning) 30-Jun-88 16-Aug-89
Ramakrishna Hegde 5-Dec-89 6-Jul-90
Madhu Dandavate (Finance Minister of India) 7-Jul-90 10-Dec-90
Mohan Dharia 11-Dec-90 24-Jun-91
Pranab Mukherjee (current President of India) 24-Jun-91 15-May-96
Madhu Dandavate 1-Aug-96 21-Mar-98
Jaswant Singh 25-Mar-98 4-Feb-99
K.C. Pant 5-Feb-99 17-Jun-04
Montek Singh Ahluwalia 6-Jul-04 5-Jun-09
Montek Singh Ahluwalia 6-Jun-09 26-May-14
This partial list of city nicknames in India compiles the aliases, sobriquets and slogans that cities in India are known
by (or have been known by historically), officially and unofficially, to locals, outsiders or their tourism boards or
chambers of commerce.
City with States Nick Names

Hyderabad-Secunderabad (Telangana) Twin City

Hyderabad (Telangana) City of Nizams, City of Pearls, Bangle City, Hitech City

Tenali (Andhra Pradesh) Andhra Paris

Guntur (Andhra Pradesh) City of Chillies, City of Spices
Bhimavaram (Andhra Pradesh) Secon Bardoli of India
Rajahmundry (Andhra Pradesh) Cultural City

Kakinada (Andhra Pradesh) Fertilizer City, Pensioner’s Paradise, Second Madras

Vijayawada (Andhra Pradesh) Place of Victory, Land of Victory

Amritsar (Punjab) Golden City
Patiala (Punjab) Royal City
Muzzaffarpur (Bihar) Lychee City
Ahmedabad (Gujarat) Manchester of India, Boston of India
Palanpur (Gujarat) City of Diamonds, Flower City
Surat (Gujarat) Diamond City
Bardoli (Gujarat) Butter City
Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh) City of Lakes
Mundi (Madhya Pradesh) Power Hub City
Srinagar (Jammu & Kashmir) City of Rivers
Panipat (Haryana) City of Weavers, Eco-City
Gurgaon (Haryana) Millennium City

Allahabad or Prayag (Uttar Pradesh) Abode of the God, Sangam City, City of Prime Ministers

Agra (Uttar Pradesh) Taj Nagari, Petha Nagari

Varanasi or Benares or Banaras or Kashi (Uttar
City of Temples, Holy City, Religious Capital of India
Pradesh)
Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh) Leather City, Manchester of the East
Meerut (Uttar Pradesh) Sports Capital of india, Scissor City

Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh) City of Nawabs, City of Marbels, City of Elephants

Mysore (Karnataka) Sandal Wood City

Coorg (Karnataka) Scotland of India
Auroville (Pondicherry) City of Dawn
Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) Steel city, Pittsburg of India
Dhanbad (Jharkhand) Coal Capital of India
Udaipur (Rajasthan) Lake City, White City, Venice of the East
Jaipur (Rajasthan) Pink City, City of Palaces, Paris of India
Jodhpur (Rajasthan) Sun City, Blue City
Jaisalmer (Rajasthan) Golden City
Tezpur (Assam) City of Blood
Bhuvaneshwar (Orissa) Temple City
Cuttack (Orissa) Silver City
Yavatmal (Maharashtra) Cotton City
City of Seven Islands, Gateway of India, Hollywood of India, City of
Mumbai (Maharashtra)
Dreams
Thane (Maharashtra) City of Lakes
Nasik (Maharashtra) Grape City, Wine Capital
Pune (Maharshtra) Deccan Queen
Nagpur (Maharashtra) City of Orange
Kolhapur (Maharashtra) City of Wrestlers
Ichalkaranji (Maharashtra) Manchester of Maharashtra
Garden City, Electronic City, Silicon Valley, Space City,
Bengaluru or Bangalore (Karnataka)
Pensioners Paradise
Yercaud (Tamil Nadu) Poor Man’s Ooty
Vaniyambadi (Tamil Nadu) Leather City of South India
Salem (Tamil Nadu) Mango City
Namakkal (Tamil Nadu) Egg City

Tiruchirappali or Trichy (Tamil Nadu) Rock Fort City, Energy Equipment & Fabrication Capital of India

Nilgris (Tamil Nadu) Blue Mountains

Gateway of South India, Detroit of Asia or India, Motor city of India,

Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
Banking capital of India, Autohub of India

Madurai (Tamil Nadu) City of Festivals, Temple City, Sleepless City

Manchester of the South, Textile city of India, Capital of Kongu

Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)
Nadu, Engineering City of India

Tuticorin (Tamil Nadu) Pearl City, Pearl Harbor of India

Rishikesh (Uttarkand) City of Sages, Yoga City
Nainital (Uttarkhand) City of Lakes
Mussorie (Uttarakhand) Hill Queen City

Kollam (Kerala) Cashew Capital of the World, Prince of Arabian Sea

Alappuzha (Kerala) Venice of the East

Trivandrum (Kerala) City of Statues
Kochi or Cochin (Kerala) Queen of Arabian Sea, Garden of Spices
Kolkatta (West Bengal) City of Castles, City of Buildings
Asansol (West Bengal) Land of Black Diamonds
Darjeeling (West Bengal) The Queen of the Hills
Durgapur (West Bengal) Ruhr of India
Malda (West Bengal) Mango City

Siliguri (West Bengal) Gateway of North East India, City of Hospitality

Itanagar (Arunachal Pradesh) Land of Rising Sun

Dispur (Assam) (A locality in the Guwahati city, which

City of Temples
is capital of Assam)

City of Eastern Astrology, City of Temples, Gateway of North East

Guwahati (Assam)
India
Shillong (Meghalaya) Scotland of the East

New Delhi (NCR-National Capital Region) City of Rallies

Noida (NCR) IT Capital of NCR

India has been successfully launching satellites of many types since 1975. Satellites have been launched from
various vehicles, including those launched by American, Russian and European rockets, as well as those launched
indigenously by India. The organisation responsible for India's satellite program is the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO).
Launch
Satellites Lauch Date Pupose
Vehicle
u-11 Active technological experience in building and
Aryabhata 19-Apr-75
Interkosmos operating a satellite system. India's first satellite.
C-1 First experimental remote sensing satellite. Carried
Bhaskara-I 7-Jun-79
Interkosmos TV and microwave cameras.
Intended for measuring in-flight performance of
Rohini Technology
10-Aug-79 SLV-3 first experimental flight of SLV-3, the first Indian
Payload
launch vehicle. Did not achieve orbit.
Used for measuring in-flight performance of
Rohini RS-1 18-Jul-80 SLV-3 second experimental launch of SLV-3. India's first
indigenous satellite launch.
Used for conducting some remote sensing
technology studies using a landmark sensor
Rohini RS-D1 31-May-81 SLV-3
payload.Launched by the first developmental
launch of SLV-3.
First experimental communication satellite.
Ariane Passenger Ariane-1 (V- Provided experience in building and operating a
19-Jun-81
Payload Experiment 3) payload experiment three-axis stabilised
communication satellite.
Second experimental remote sensing satellite;
C-1 similar to Bhaskara-1. Provided experience in
Bhaskara -II 20-Nov-81
Intercosmos building and operating a remote sensing satellite
system on an end-to-end basis.
First operational multipurpose communication and
Delta 3910
INSAT-1A 10-Apr-82 meteorology satellite. Procured from USA. Worked
PAM-D
for only six months.
Rohini RS-D2 17-Apr-83 SLV-3 Identical to RS-D1. Launched by the second
 developmental launch of SLV-3.
Shuttle Identical to INSAT-1A. Served for more than
INSAT-1B 30-Aug-83
[PAM-D] design life of seven years.
Stretched Rohini Carried payload for launch vehicle performance
Satellite 24-Mar-87 ASLV monitoring and for gamma ray astronomy. Did not
Series(SROSS-1) achieve orbit.
Earth observation satellite. First operational remote
IRS-1A 17-Mar-88 Vostok
sensing satellite.
Stretched Rohini Carried remote sensing payload of German space
Satellite 13-Jul-88 ASLV agency in addition to Gamma Ray astronomy
Series(SROSS-2) payload. Did not achieve orbit.
Same as INSAT-1A. Served for only one-and-a-
INSAT-1C 21-Jul-88 Ariane-3
half years.
Identical to INSAT-1A. Still in service. A third
INSAT-1D 12-Jun-90 Delta 4925 stage motor landed from its launch, landed in
Australia in 2008.
Earth observation satellite. Improved version of
IRS-1B 29-Aug-91 Vostok
IRS-1A.
Ariane-44L Launched as Arabsat 1C. Procured in orbit from
INSAT-2DT 26-Feb-92
H10 Arabsat in January 1998.
Stretched Rohini
Carried gamma ray astronomy and aeronomy
Satellite 20-May-92 ASLV
payload.
Series(SROSS-C)
First satellite in the second-generation Indian-built
Ariane-44L
INSAT-2A 10-Jul-92 INSAT-2 series. Has enhanced capability over
H10
INSAT-1 series. Still in service.
Ariane-44L Second satellite in INSAT-2 series. Identical to
INSAT-2B 23-Jul-93
H10+ INSAT-2A. Still in service.
IRS-1E 20-Sep-93 PSLV-D1 Earth observation satellite. Did not achieve orbit.
Stretched Rohini
Satellite 4-May-94 ASLV Identical to SROSS-C. Still in service.
Series(SROSS-C2)
Earth observation satellite. Launched by second
IRS-P2 15-Oct-94 PSLV-D2 developmental flight of PSLV.Mission
accomplished after 3 years of service in 1997.
Has additional capabilities such as mobile satellite
Ariane-44L
INSAT-2C 7-Dec-95 service, business communication and television
H10-3
outreach beyond Indian boundaries. Still in service.
Earth observation satellite. Launched from
IRS-1C 29-Dec-95 Molniya
Baikonur Cosmodrome.
Earth observation satellite. Carries remote sensing
IRS-P3 21-Mar-96 PSLV-D3 payload and an X-ray astronomy payload.
Launched by third developmental flight of PSLV.
INSAT-2D 4-Jun-97 Ariane-44L Same as INSAT-2C. Inoperable since 1997-10-04
 H10-3 due to power bus anomaly.
IRS-1D 29-Sep-97 PSLV-C1 Earth observation satellite. Same as IRS-1C.
Ariane-42P Multipurpose communication and meteorological
INSAT-2E 3-Apr-99
H10-3 satellite.
Earth observation satellite. Carries an Ocean
Oceansat-1(IRS-P4) 26-May-99 PSLV-C2 Colour Monitor (OCM) and a Multifrequency
Scanning Microwave Radiometer (MSMR).
Multipurpose communication: business
INSAT-3B 22-Mar-00 Ariane-5G communication, developmental communication,
and mobile communication.
Experimental satellite for the first developmental
GSAT-1 18-Apr-01 GSLV-D1 flight of Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle,
GSLV-D1.
Technology Experimental satellite to test technologies such as
Experiment Satellite 22-Oct-01 PSLV-C3 attitude and orbit control system, high-torque
(TES) reaction wheels, new reaction control system, etc.
Designed to augment the existing INSAT capacity
Ariane-42L
INSAT-3C 24-Jan-02 for communication and broadcasting and provide
H10-3
continuity of the services of INSAT-2C.
First meteorological satellite built by ISRO.
Kalpana- Originally named METSAT. Renamed after
12-Sep-02 PSLV-C4
1(METSAT) Kalpana Chawla who perished in the Space Shuttle
Columbia.
Multipurpose satellite for communication,
INSAT-3A 10-Apr-03 Ariane-5G broadcasting, and meteorological services along
with INSAT-2E and Kalpana-1.
Experimental satellite for the second
GSAT-2 8-May-03 GSLV-D2 developmental test flight of Geosynchronous
Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV)
Communication satellite to augment the existing
INSAT-3E 28-Sep-03 Ariane-5G
INSAT System.
Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
RESOURCESAT-1
17-Oct-03 PSLV-C5 Intended to supplement and replace IRS-1C and
(IRS-P6)
IRS-1D.
Also designated GSAT-3. India’s first exclusive
EDUSAT 20-Oct-04 GSLV-F01
educational satellite.
Microsatellite (42.5 kilograms) for providing
HAMSAT 5-May-05 PSLV-C6 satellite-based amateur radio services to the
national as well as the international community.
Earth observation satellite. Provides stereographic
CARTOSAT-1 5-May-05 PSLV-C6
in-orbit images with a 2.5-meter resolution.
Advanced satellite for direct-to-home television
INSAT-4A 22-Dec-05 Ariane-5GS
broadcasting services.
INSAT-4C 10-Jul-06 GSLV-F02 Geosynchronous communications satellite. Did not
 achieve orbit.
Advanced remote sensing satellite carrying a
CARTOSAT-2 10-Jan-07 PSLV-C7 panchromatic camera capable of providing scene-
specific spot images.
Experimental satellite intended to demonstrate the
technology of an orbiting platform for performing
Space Capsule
experiments in microgravity conditions. Launched
Recovery 10-Jan-07 PSLV-C7
as a co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2. SRE-1 was
Experiment(SRE-1)
de-orbited and recovered successfully after 12 days
over Bay of Bengal.
Identical to INSAT-4A. Further augments the
INSAT capacity for direct-to-home (DTH)
television services and other communications. On
Ariane-
INSAT-4B 12-Mar-07 the night of 7 July INSAT-4B experienced a power
5ECA
supply glitch which led to switching 'off' of 50 per
cent of the transponder capacity (6 Ku and 6 C-
Band transponders).
Identical to INSAT-4C. It carried 12 high-power
Ku-band transponders designed to provide direct-
INSAT-4CR 2-Sep-07 GSLV-F04
to-home (DTH) television services, Digital Satellite
News Gatheringetc.
Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
CARTOSAT-2A 28-Apr-08 PSLV-C9
Identical to CARTOSAT-2.
IMS-1 (Third World Low-cost microsatellite imaging mission.
28-Apr-08 PSLV-C9
Satellite – TWsat) Launched as co-passenger with CARTOSAT-2A.
Unmanned lunar probe. Carries 11 scientific
Chandrayaan-1 22-Oct-08 PSLV-C11 instruments built in India, USA, UK, Germany,
Sweden and Bulgaria.
Radar imaging satellite used to monitor India's
borders and as part of anti-infiltration and anti-
RISAT-2 20-Apr-09 PSLV-C12
terrorist operations. Launched as a co-passenger
with ANUSAT.
Research microsatellite designed at Anna
ANUSAT 20-Apr-09 PSLV-C12 University. Carries an amateur radio and
technology demonstration experiments.
Gathers data for oceanographic, coastal and
Oceansat-2(IRS-P4) 23-Sep-09 PSLV-C14 atmospheric applications. Continues mission of
Oceansat-1.
Communications satellite technology demonstrator.
GSAT-4 15-Apr-10 GSLV-D3
Failed to reach orbit due to GSLV-D3 failure.
Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
CARTOSAT-2B 12-Jul-10 PSLV-C15
Identical to CARTOSAT-2A.
First Indian pico-satellite (weighing less than 1 kg).
StudSat 12-Jul-10 PSLV-C15 Developed by a team from seven engineering
colleges from Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.
GSAT-5P /INSAT- C-band communication satellite, failed to reach
25-Dec-10 GSLV-F06
4D orbit due to GSLV-F06 failure.
RESOURCESAT-2, ISRO's eighteenth remote-
sensing satellite, followed RESOURCESAT-1.
PSLV-C16 placed three spacecraft with a total
payload mass of 1404 kg – RESOURCESAT-2
RESOURCESAT-2 20-Apr-11 PSLV-C16
weighing 1206 kg, the Indo-Russian YOUTHSAT
weighing 92 kg and Singapore's X-SAT weighing
106 kg – into an 822 km polar Sun Synchronous
Orbit (SSO).
Indo-Russian stellar and atmospheric satellite with
Youthsat 20-Apr-11 PSLV-C16 the participation of university students. It weighed
92 kg
Communications satellite carries 24 Ku-band
GSAT-8 / INSAT- Ariane-5VA-
21-May-11 transponders and 2 channel GAGANpayload
4G 202
operating in L1 and L5 band.
GSAT-12 communication satellite built by ISRO,
weighs about 1410 kg at lift-off. GSAT-12 is
configured to carry 12 Extended C-band
transponders to meet the country's growing demand
for transponders in a short turn-around-time.The 12
GSAT-12 15-Jul-11 PSLV-C17
Extended C-band transponders of GSAT-12 will
augment the capacity in the INSAT system for
various communication services like Tele-
education, Telemedicine and for Village Resource
Centres (VRC).Mission life About 8 Years.
Megha-Tropiques weighs about 1000 kg Lift-off
Mass, developed jointly by ISRO and the French
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (CNES). PSLV-
C18 is configured to carry four satellites in which,
Megha-Tropiques 12-Oct-11 PSLV-C18
one satellite, developed by India and France, will
track the weather, two were developed by
educational institutions, and the fourth is from
Luxembourg.
Nano-satellite weighing 3 kg developed by IIT
Jugnu 12-Oct-11 PSLV-C18
Kanpur
RISAT-1, first indigenous all-weather Radar
Imaging Satellite (RISAT-1), whose images will
RISAT-1 26-Apr-12 PSLV-C19
facilitate agriculture and disaster management
weighs about 1858 kg.
Nano-satellite weighing 10.9 kg developed by
SRMSAT 26-Apr-12 PSLV-C18
SRM University.
GSAT-10, India’s advanced communication
Ariane-5VA-
GSAT-10 29-Sep-12 satellite, is a high power satellite being inducted
209
into the INSAT system. Weighing 3400 kg at lift-
 off.
SARAL, The Satellite with ARGOS and ALTIKA
SARAL 25-Feb-13 PSLV-C20 (SARAL) is a joint Indo-French satellite mission
for oceanographic studies.
IRNSS-1A is launched on 24 Sep 2014 satellite in
the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
IRNSS-1A 1-Jul-13 PSLV-C22
(IRNSS). It is one of the seven spacecraft
constituting the IRNSS space segment.
INSAT-3D is the meteorological Satellite with
INSAT-3D 26-Jul-13 Ariane-5
advanced weather monitoring payloads.
GSAT-7 is the advanced multi-band
GSAT-7 30-Aug-13 Ariane-5
communication satellite dedicated for military use.
Mars Orbiter The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally
5-Nov-13 PSLV-C25
Mission (MOM) called Mangalyaan is India's first Mars orbiter.
GSAT-14 is the twenty third geostationary
communication satellite of India to augment the In-
GSAT-14 5-Jan-14 GSLV-D5
orbit capacity of Extended C and Ku-band
transponders.
IRNSS-1B is the second satellite in the Indian
IRNSS-1B 4-Apr-14 PSLV-C24
Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS).
IRNSS-1C is the third satellite in the Indian
IRNSS-1C 16-Oct-14 PSLV-C26
Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS).
GSAT-16 is twenty fourth communication satellite
GSAT-16 7-Dec-14 Ariane-5 of India configured to carry a total of 48
communication transponders.
IRNSS-1D is the fourth satellite in the Indian
IRNSS-1D 28-Mar-15 PSLV-C27
Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS).
GSAT-6 is a communication satellite. GSAT- 6
features an unfurlable antenna, largest on board any
GSAT-6 27-Aug-15 GSLV-D6 satellite. Launch of GSLV-D6 also marks the
success of indigenously developed upper stage
cryogenic engine
ASTROSAT is India’s first dedicated multi
Astrosat 28-Sep-15 PSLV-C30
wavelength space Observatory.
Communications satellite, carries communication
Ariane 5 transponders in Ku-band and a GPS Aided GEO
GSAT-15 11-Nov-15
VA-227 Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) payload
operating in L1 and L5 bands. Weight 3164 Kg.
IRNSS-1E is the fifth satellite in the Indian
IRNSS-1E 20-Jan-16 PSLV-C31
Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS).
IRNSS-1F is the sixth satellite in the Indian
IRNSS-1F 10-Mar-16 PSLV-C32
Regional Navigation Satellite System(IRNSS).
IRNSS-1G is the seventh and final satellite in the
IRNSS-1G 28-Apr-16 PSLV-C33 Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System
(IRNSS).
 Earth observation/remote sensing satellite.
Cartosat-2C 22-Jun-16 PSLV-C34
Identical to CARTOSAT-2,2A and 2B.
INSAT- An advanced meteorological satellite of India
CartoSat-2E 8 September
3DR configured with an imaging System and an
2016,
Atmospheric Sounder
A micro-satellite designed and built by the students
Pratham 26 September of PES Institute of Technology, Bengaluru at their
PSLV-C35
2016, Crucible of Research and Innovation Laboratory
(CRIL) to develop remote sensing applications.
At 3.4 tons, this was the heaviest satellite
GSAT-18 6 October Ariane-5
owned/being operated by India at the time of its
2016, ECA
launch
ResourceSat-2A 7 December Its mission is identical to its predecessors
PSLV-C36
2016, (Resourcesat-1 and Resourcesat-2)
This is one of 2 nano-satellites designed and
CartoSat-2D 15 February
PSLV-C37 manufactured by ISRO, are part of the constellation
2017,
of 104 satellites launched in a single go.
This satellite is being offered by India as a
South Asia Satellite diplomatic initiative to its neighboring countries
GSLV
(GSAT-9) 5 May 2017, (SAARC region) for communication, remote
Mk.II[3
sensing, resource mapping and disaster
management applications
Maiden orbital flight of GSLV Mk.III. This is the
GSLV
GSAT-19 5 June 2017 heaviest rocket (and the heaviest satellite) to be
Mk.III-D1
launched by ISRO from Indian soil.
23 June This is the 7th satellite in the Cartosat series to be
NIUSat[ PSLV-C38
2017, built by ISRO.
GSAT-17 29 June Ariane-5 This is India's 18th communication (and to date, its
2017, ECA heaviest) satellite.
IRNSS-1H 2 September First satellite to be co-designed and built with
PSLV-C39
2017 private sector assistance. Failed to reach orbit
INS-1C, the third satellite in the Indian
Nanosatellite series, will be carrying a Miniature
Multispectral Technology Demonstration (MMX-
CartoSat-2F 10 January
PSLV-C40 TD) Payload from Space Applications Centre
2018,
(SAC). Data sent by this camera can be utilised for
topographical mapping, vegetation monitoring,
aerosol scattering studies and cloud studies.
Similar to GSAT-6 it is a high power S-band
communication satellite configured around I-2K
bus. The satellite will also provide a platform for
29 March
GSAT-6A GSLV-F08 developing technologies such as demonstration of 6
2018
m S-Band Unfurlable Antenna, handheld ground
terminals and network management techniques that
could be useful in satellite based mobile
 communication applications.
GSLV-
IRNSS-1I 12 Apr 2018 F08, PSLV- Navigation/Global Positioning
C41
India has a coastline spanning 7516.6 kilometers, forming one of the biggest peninsulas in the world. According to the
Ministry of Shipping, around 95 per cent of India's trading by volume and 70 per cent by value is done through
maritime transport. It is serviced by 13 major ports, 200 notified minor and intermediate ports.

List of Major Sea Post :

Major Sea Port Name Location
Chennai Port or Madras Port Chennai, Madras

Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Haldia Dock Complex) Kolkata

Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also known as Nhava Sheva Maharashtra, South Mumbai

Kamarajar Port or Ennore Port Ennore, Chennai

Kandla Port Gujarat, Gulf of Kutch
Kochi Port or Cochin Port Kochi, Kerala
New Mangalore Port Manglore, Karnataka
Mormugao Port Panaji, Goa
Mumbai Port West Mumbai, Maharashtra
Panaji Panaji Goa
Paradip Jagatsinghpur, Odisha

Tuticorin Port (now called V.O.Chidambaram Port) Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu

Visakhapatnam Port Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. Reservoirs created by dams not only suppress
floods but also provide water for activities such as irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, and
navigability.
List of Dams in India :
State Name River Name
Telangana Nizam Sagar Dam Manjira River
Andhra Pradesh Somasila Dam Pennar River
Andhra Pradesh Srisailam Dam Krishna River
Telangana Singur dam Manjira River
Gujarat Ukai Dam Tapti River
Gujarat Dharoi Dam Sabarmati River
Gujarat Kadana dam Mahi River
Gujarat Dantiwada Dam Banas River
Himachal Pradesh Pandoh Dam Beas River

Himachal Pradesh and Punjab Border Bhakra Nangal Dam Sutlej River

Himachal Pradesh Nathpa Jhakri Dam Satluj River

Himachal Pradesh Chamera Dam Ravi River
Jammu and Kashmir Baglihar Dam Chenab River
Jammu and Kashmir Dumkhar Hydroelectric Dam Indus River

Jammu and Kashmir Uri Hydroelectric Dam Jhelum River

Jharkhand Maithon Dam Barakar River

Jharkhand Chandil Dam Swarnarekha River
Jharkhand Panchet Dam Damodar River
Karnataka Tunga Bhadra Dam Tungabhadra River
Karnataka Linganamakki dam Sharavathi River
Karnataka Kadra Dam Kalinadi River
Karnataka Alamatti Dam Krishna River
Karnataka Supa Dam Kalinadi or Kali river

Karnataka Krishna Raja Sagara Dam Kaveri River

Karnataka Harangi Dam Harangi River

Karnataka Narayanpur Dam Krishna River
Karnataka Kodasalli Dam Kali River
Kerala Malampuzha Dam Malampuzha River
Kerala Peechi Dam Manali River
Kerala Idukki Dam Periyar River
Kerala Kundala Dam Kundala Lake
Kerala Parambikulam Dam Parambikulam River
Kerala Walayar Dam Walayar River
Kerala Mullaperiyar Dam Periyar River
Kerala Neyyar Dam Neyyar River

Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh Border Rajghat Dam Betwa River

Madhya Pradesh Barna Dam Barna River

Madhya Pradesh Bargi Dam Narmada River
Madhya Pradesh Bansagar Dam Sone River
Madhya Pradesh Gandhi Sagar Dam Chambal River
Maharashtra Yeldari Dam Purna river
Maharashtra Ujani Dam Bhima River
Maharashtra Pawna Dam Maval River
Maharashtra Mulshi Dam Mula River
Maharashtra Koyna Dam Koyna River
Maharashtra Jayakwadi Dam Godavari River
Maharashtra Bhatsa Dam Bhatsa river
Maharashtra Wilson Dam Pravara River
Maharashtra Tansa Dam Tansa river
Maharashtra Panshet Dam Ambi River
Maharashtra Mula Dam Mula river
Maharashtra Kolkewadi Dam Vashishti River
Maharashtra Girna Dam Girana river
Maharashtra Vaitarna Dam Vaitarna river
Telangana Radhanagari Dam Bhogawati River
Telangana Lower Manair Dam Manair River
Manair River and SRSP Flood Flow
Telangana Mid Manair Dam
Canal

Telangana Upper Manair Dam Manair River and Kudlair River

Maharashtra Khadakwasla Dam Mutha River

Maharashtra Gangapur Dam Godavari river

Andhra Pradesh and Odisha Border Jalaput Dam Machkund River

Odisha Indravati Dam Indravati River

Odisha Hirakud Dam Mahanadi River
Tamil Nadu Vaigai Dam Vaigai River
Tamil Nadu Perunchani Dam Paralayar River
Tamil Nadu Mettur Dam Kaveri River

Govind Ballabh Pant Sagar Dam also

Uttar Pradesh Rihand River
Rihand dam

Uttarakhand Tehri Dam Bhagirathi River

Uttarakhand Dhauli Ganga Dam Dhauli Ganga River

List of Reservoir in India :

A reservoir is a storage space for fluids. These fluids may be water, hydrocarbons or gas. A reservoir usually means
an enlarged natural or artificial lake, storage pond or impoundment created using a dam or lock to store water.
State Reservior River Name
Telangana Dindi Reservoir Krishna River
Telangana Lower Manair Reservoir Manair River
Andhra Pradesh Tatipudi Reservoir Project Gosthani River
Andhra Pradesh Gandipalem Reservoir Manneru River
Telangana Himayat Sagar Reservoir Osman Sagar
Telangana Shriram Sagar Reservoir Godavari River
Himachal Pradesh Gobind Sagar Reservoir Sutlej River
Himachal Pradesh Maharana Pratap Sagar Reservoir Pong Dam Lake
Karnataka Ghataprabha Reservoir Ghataprabha River
Karnataka Hemavathi Reservoir Hemavati River
Madhya Pradesh Tawa Reservoir Tawa River
Odisha Balimela Reservoir Sileru River
Tamil Nadu Aliyar Reservoir Aliyar River
Tamil Nadu Chittar Reservoir Chittar River
Tamil Nadu Krishnagiri Reservoir Thenpennai River
Tamil Nadu Manimuthar Reservoir Tamirabarani River
Tamil Nadu Pechiparai Reservoir Kodayar River
Tamil Nadu Shoolagiri Chinnar Reservoir Chinnar River
Tamil Nadu Thunakadavu Reservoir Thunacadavu River
Tamil Nadu Varattu Pallam Reservoir
Tamil Nadu Vidur Reservoir
Tamil Nadu Amaravathi Reservoir Amaravathi River
Tamil Nadu Gundar Reservoir Berijam Lake
Tamil Nadu Kullursandai Reservoir Arjuna Nadi
Tamil Nadu Pambar Reservoir Pambar River
Tamil Nadu Periyar Reservoir Periyar River
Tamil Nadu Stanley Reservoir Kaveri River
Tamil Nadu Uppar Reservoir
Tamil Nadu Vattamalaikarai Odai Reservoir Odai River
Tamil Nadu Willingdon Reservoir Periya Odai River
Tamil Nadu Bhavanisagar Reservoir Bhavani River
Tamil Nadu Kodaganar Reservoir Kodagananar River
Tamil Nadu Manimukthanadhi Reservoir
Tamil Nadu Parambikulam Reservoir Parambikulam River

Tamil Nadu Sholayar Reservoir

Tamil Nadu Thirumurthi Reservoir Parmabikulam and Aliyar River

Tamil Nadu Varadamanadhi Reservoir

Tamil Nadu Vembakottai Reservoir Vaippar River
Tamil Nadu Manjalar Reservoir
Jammu and Kashmir Salal Project Chenab River
Jammu and Kashmir Chutak Hydroelectric Project
Madhya Pradesh Indirasagar Project Narmada River
Madhya Pradesh Narmada Dam Project Narmada River
Uttar Pradesh Rihand Project Rihand River and Son River
List of Some Famous Temples
Temple Location
Akshardham Temple Delhi
Amarkantak Temple Chhattisgarh
Amarnath Cave Temple Jammu & Kashmir
Angrabadi Temple Jharkhand
Annamalaiyar Temple Tamil Nadu
Badrinath Temple Uttarakhand
Brihadeeswara Temple Tamil Nadu
Chennakesava Temple Karnataka
Durgiana Temple Punjab
Dwarkadhish Temple Gujarat
Gangotri Temple Uttarakhand
Golden Temple Punjab
Gomateshwara Temple Karnataka
Hoysaleswara Temple Karnataka
Iskcon Temple Uttar Pradesh
Kalighat Mandir West Bengal
Kamakhya Temple Assam
Kanaka Temple Andhra Pradesh
Kanchipuram Temples Tamil Nadu
Kashi Vishwanath Temple Uttar Pradesh
Kedarnath Temple Uttarakhand
Khajuraho Temple Madhya Pradesh
Konark Sun Temple Odisha
Kumbakonam Temples Tamil Nadu
Laxminarayan Temple Delhi
Lingaraja Temple Odisha
Lord Jagannath Temple Odisha
Lotus Temple New Delhi
Malinithan Temple Arunachal Pradesh
Manikaran Temple Himachal Pradesh
Meenakshi Temple Tamil Nadu
Nellaiappar Temple Tamil Nadu
Ram Tirath Temple Punjab
Ramanathaswamy (Rameshwaram) Temple Tamil Nadu
Ranakpur Temple Rajasthan
Sabarimala Temple Kerala
Sanchi Stupa Madhya Pradesh
Shankaracharya Temple Jammu & Kashmir
Shirdi Sai Baba Temple Maharashtra
Shri Digambar Jain Lal Mandir Delhi
Siddhivinayak Temple Maharashtra
Somnath Temple Gujarat
Sree Padmanabhaswamy Temple Kerala
Thillai Nataraja Temple Tamil Nadu
Tirupati Balaji Andhra Pradesh
Vaishno Devi Jammu & Kashmir
Virupaksha Temple Karnataka
Yamunotri Temple Uttarakhand
There are 37 (29 cultural, 7 natural and 1 mixed) World Heritage Sites in India that are recognised by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as of June 2018.
These are places of importance of cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage
Convention, established in 1972.
The Convention concerning the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage was adopted on 17 November
1972 following the General Conference of the UNESCO held from 17 October 1972 to 21 November 1972.
India’s first two sites inscribed on the list at the Seventh Session of the World Heritage held in 1983 were the Agra
Fort and the Ajanta Caves.
List of Cultural Sites (29)

Name State Year

Victorian Gothic and Art Deco Ensembles of Mumbai Mumbai, Maharashtra 2018
Historic City of Ahmadabad Ahmadabad, Gujarat 2017
Archaeological Site of Nalanda Mahavihara (Nalanda
Nalanda, Bihar 2016
University)
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding
Chandigarh 2016
Contribution to the Modern Movement
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) Patan, Gujarat 2014
Chittorgarh; Kumbhalgarh; Sawai Madhopur; Jhalawar;
Hill Forts of Rajasthan 2013
Jaipur, and Jaisalmer (Rajastahan)
The Jantar Mantar Jaipur,Rajasthan 2010
Red Fort Complex Delhi 2007
Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park Panchmahal, Gujarat 2004
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus (formerly Victoria
Mumbai, Maharashtra 2004
Terminus)
Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka Madhya Pradesh 2003
Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya Bihar 2002
Mountain Railways of India India 1999
Humayun's Tomb Delhi 1993
Qutb Minar and its Monuments Delhi 1993
Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi Bihar 1989
Elephanta Caves Mumbai,Maharashtra 1987
Great Living Chola Temples Thanjavur,Tamil Nadu 1987
Group of Monuments at Pattadakal Karnataka 1987
Churches and Convents of Goa Goa 1986
Fatehpur Sikri Agra,Uttar Pradesh 1986
Group of Monuments at Hampi Karnataka 1986
Khajuraho Group of Monuments Madhya Pradesh 1986
Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram Kancheepuram,Tamil Nadu 1984
Sun Temple, Konârak Odisha 1984
Agra Fort Agra,Uttar Pradesh 1983
Ajanta Caves Aurangabad,Maharashtra 1983
Ellora Caves Maharashtra 1983
Taj Mahal Agra,Uttar Pradesh 1983

List of Natural Sites (7) :

Name State Year
Great Himalayan National Park Conservation
Himachal Pradesh 2014
Area
Western Ghats India 2012
Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Parks Uttarakhand 1988
Sundarbans National Park West Bengal 1987
Kaziranga National Park Assam 1985
Keoladeo National Park Rajasthan 1985
Manas Wildlife Sanctuary Assam 1985

List of Mixed Site(1) :

Name State Year
Khangchendzonga National Park Sikkim 2016
The following is a list of cities in India located on the banks of a river.
State City River
Uttar Pradesh Agra Yamuna
Gujarat Ahmedabad Sabarmati
Uttar Pradesh Allahabad At the confluence of Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati
Uttar Pradesh Ayodhya Saryu
Uttarakhand Badrinath Alaknanda
Odisha Banki Mahanadi
Odisha Brahmapur Rushikulya
Odisha Chhatrapur Rushikulya
Bihar Bhagalpur Ganges
West Bengal Kolkata hugli
Odisha Cuttack Mahanadi
Delhi New Delhi Yamuna
Assam Dibrugarh Brahmaputra
Punjab Ferozpur Sutlej
Assam Guwahati Brahmaputra
Uttarakhand Haridwar Ganges
Telangana Hyderabad Musi
Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Narmada
Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Ganges
Rajasthan Kota Chambal
Kerala Kottayam Meenachil
Uttar Pradesh Jaunpur Gomti
Bihar Patna Ganges
Andhra Pradesh Rajahmundry Godavari
Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar Jhelum
Gujarat Surat Tapi
Tamil Nadu Tiruchirapalli Kaveri
Uttar Pradesh Varanasi Ganges
Andhra Pradesh Vijayawada Krishna
Gujarat Vadodara Vishwamitri
Uttar Pradesh Mathura Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh Mirzapur Ganga
Uttar Pradesh Auraiya Yamuna
Uttar Pradesh Etawah Yamuna
Karnataka Bangalore Vrishabhavathi
Uttar Pradesh Farrukhabad Ganges
Uttar Pradesh Fatehgarh Ganges
Uttar Pradesh Kannauj Ganges
Karnataka Mangalore Netravati, Gurupura
Karnataka Shimoga Tunga River
Karnataka Bhadravathi Bhadra
Karnataka Hospet Tungabhadra
Karnataka Karwar Kali
Karnataka Bagalkot Ghataprabha
Karnataka Honnavar Sharavathi
 Madhya Pradesh Gwalior Chambal
Uttar Pradesh Gorakhpur Rapti
Uttar Pradesh Lucknow Gomti
Uttar Pradesh Kanpur Cantonment Ganges
Uttar Pradesh Shuklaganj Ganges
Uttar Pradesh Chakeri Ganges
Maharashtra Malegaon Girna River
Odisha Sambalpur Mahanadi
Odisha Rourkela Brahmani
Maharashtra Pune Mula, Mutha
Daman Daman Daman Ganga River
Tamil Nadu Madurai Vaigai
Tamil Nadu Thiruchirapalli Kaveri
Tamil Nadu Chennai Cooum, Adyar
Tamil Nadu Coimbatore Noyyal
Tamil Nadu Erode Kaveri
Tamil Nadu Tirunelveli Thamirabarani
Gujarat Bharuch Narmada
Maharashtra Karjat Ulhas
Maharashtra Nashik Godavari
Maharashtra Mahad Savitri
Maharashtra Nanded Godavari
Maharashtra Kolhapur Panchaganga
Andhra Pradesh Nellore Pennar
Telangana Nizamabad Godavari
Maharashtra Sangli Krishna
Maharashtra Karad Krishna, Koyna
Bihar Hajipur Ganges
Madhya Pradesh Ujjain Shipra
Computer Literacy syllabus

 MS Office Word (Operations in letter typing etc.)

 Outlook Express or email handlings
 MS Access or Data Base Basic Concepts
 Emails
 Application packages
 Basic Computers Skills

Basic Maths (Quantitative Aptitude) Syllabus

 Simple Interest & Compound Interest

 Fractions
 Time & Distance
 Number System
 Decimals
 HCF& LCM
T