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Created By : Shri G S Ganganalli

Edited By : Shridhar Sherakhane (Jr. Programmer)

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10th SCIENCE

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Numerical Problems (Physics)

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p1 Electricity

Example 1
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A current of 0.5 A is drawn by a filament of an electric bulb for 10 minutes. Find the
amount of electric charge that flows through the circuit.
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Solution
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We are given, I = 0.5 A; t = 10 min = 600 s.

From Eq. (1), we have
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Q = It
= 0.5 A × 600 s
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= 300 C
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Example 2
How much work is done in moving a charge of 2 C across two points having a potential
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difference 12 V?
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Solution
The amount of charge Q, that flows between two points at potential difference V (= 12 V) is
2 C. Thus, the amount of work W, done in moving the charge [from Eq. (2)] is
W = VQ
= 12 V × 2 C
= 24 J.

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Example 3
 How much current will an electric bulb draw from a 220 V source, if the resistance of the
bulb filament is 1200 Ω?
 How much current will an electric heater coil draw from a 220 V source, if the resistance
of the heater coil is 100 Ω?

Solution

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 We are given V = 220 V; R = 1200 Ω.
From Eq. (6), we have the current I = 220 V/1200 Ω = 0.18 A.
 We are given, V = 220 V, R = 100 Ω.
From Eq. (6), we have the current I = 220 V/100 Ω = 2.2 A.

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Note the difference of current drawn by an electric bulb and electric heater from the same

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220 V source!

Example 4
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The potential difference between the terminals of an electric heater is 60 V when it draws a
current of 4 A from the source. What current will the heater draw if the potential
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difference is increased to 120 V?
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Solution
We are given, potential difference V = 60 V, current I = 4 A.
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According to Ohm’s law, R = =15Ω

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When the potential difference is increased to 120 V the current is given by

current = V/R = 120V/15 = 8A
The current through the heater becomes 8 A.
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Example 5
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Resistance of a metal wire of length 1 m is 26 Ω at 20°C. If the diameter of the wire is 0.3
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mm, what will be the resistivity of the metal at that temperature? Using Table 2, predict the
material of the wire.
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Solution
We are given the resistance R of the wire = 26 Ω, the diameter
d = 0.3 mm = 3 × 10-4 m, and the length l of the wire = 1 m.
Therefore, from Eq. (10), the resistivity of the given metallic wire is
ρ = (RA/l) =(Rπd2/4l )

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Substitution of values in this gives

ρ = 1.84 × 10–6 Ω m
The resistivity of the metal at 20°C is 1.84 × 10–6 Ω m. From Table 2, we see that this is the
resistivity of manganese.

Example 6
A 4 Ω resistance wire is doubled on it. Calculate the new resistance of the wire.

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Solution
We are given, R = 4 Ω.

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When a wire is doubled on it, its length would become half and area of cross-section would
double. That is, a wire of length l and area of cross-section A becomes of length l/2 and area

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of cross section 2A. From Eq. (10), we have
R = ρ(l/A)
R1 = ρ((l/A) / 2A)
where R1 is the new resistance.
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Therefore, R1/R = ρ((l/A)/2A) / ρ(l/A) = 1/4
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Or, R1 = R/4 = 4Ω/4 = 1Ω
The new resistance of the wire is 1 Ω.
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Example 7
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An electric lamp, whose resistance is 20 Ω, and a conductor of 4 Ω resistance are connected

to a 6 V battery (Fig. 9). Calculate
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 the total resistance of the circuit,

 the current through the circuit, and
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 the potential difference across the electric lamp and conductor.

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Fig. An electric lamp connected in series with a resistor of 4 Ω to a 6 V battery

Solution
The resistance of electric lamp, R1 = 20 Ω,
The resistance of the conductor connected in series, R2 = 4 Ω.
Then the total resistance in the circuit

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R = R1 + R2
Rs = 20 Ω + 4 Ω = 24 Ω.
The total potential difference across the two terminals of the battery
V = 6 V.
Now by Ohm’s law, the current through the circuit is given by
I = V/Rs
= 6 V/24 Ω

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= 0.25 A.
Applying Ohm’s law to the electric lamp and conductor separately,we get potential
difference across the electric lamp,
V1 = 20 Ω × 0.25 A

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= 5 V;

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and, that across the conductor, V2 = 4 Ω × 0.25 A
= 1 V.
Suppose that we like to replace the series combination of electric lamp and conductor by a
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single and equivalent resistor. Its resistance must be such that a potential difference of 6 V
across the battery terminals will cause a current of 0.25 A in the circuit. The resistance R of
this equivalent resistor would be R = V/I = 6 V/ 0.25 A = 24 Ω.
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This is the total resistance of the series circuit; it is equal to the sum of the two resistances.
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Example 8
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In the circuit diagram given in Fig.10, suppose the resistors R1, R2 and R3 have the values 5
Ω, 10 Ω, 30 Ω, respectively, which have been connected to a battery of 12 V. Calculate
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 the current through each resistor,

 the total current in the circuit, and
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 the total circuit resistance.

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Solution
R1 = 5 Ω, R2 = 10 Ω, and R3 = 30 Ω.
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Potential difference across the battery, V = 12 V. This is also the potential difference across
each of the individual resistor; therefore, to calculate the current in the resistors, we use
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Ohm’s law. The current I1, through R1= V/ R1

I1 = 12 V/5 Ω = 2.4 A.
The current I2, through R2 = V/ R2
I2 = 12 V/10 Ω = 1.2 A.
The current I3, through R3 = V/R3
I3 = 12 V/30 Ω = 0.4 A.

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 Useful Help Tutorials 10th Science

The total current in the circuit,

I = I1 + I2 + I3
= (2.4 + 1.2 + 0.4) A
=4A
The total resistance Rp, is given by [Eq. (18)]
1/Rp = 1/5 + 1/10 + 1/30 = 1/3
Thus, Rp = 3 Ω.

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Example 9
If in Fig.12, R1 = 10 Ω, R2 = 40 Ω, R3 = 30 Ω, R4 = 20 Ω, R5 = 60 Ω, and a 12 V battery is

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connected to the arrangement. Calculate
 the total resistance in the circuit, and

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 the total current flowing in the circuit.

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Fig. An electric circuit showing the combination of series and parallel resistors
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Solution
Suppose we replace the parallel resistors R1 and R2 by an equivalent resistor of resistance, R..
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Similarly we replace the parallel resistors R3, R4 and R5 by an equivalent single resistor of
resistance R . Then using Eq. (18), we have
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1/ R = 1/10 + 1/40 = 5/40; that is R = 8 Ω.

Similarly, 1/ R = 1/30 + 1/20 + 1/60 = 6/60;
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that is, R = 10 Ω.
Thus, the total resistance, R = R + R = 18 Ω.
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To calculate the current, we use Ohm’s law, and get

I = V/R = 12 V/18 Ω = 0.67 A.

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Example 10
An electric iron consumes energy at a rate of 840 W when heating is at the maximum rate
and 360 W when the heating is at the minimum. The voltage is 220 V. What are the
current and the resistance in each case?

Solution
From Eq. (19), we know that the power input is

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P=VI
Thus the current I = P/V
(a) When heating is at the maximum rate,

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I = 840 W/220 V = 3.82 A;
and the resistance of the electric iron is

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R = V/I = 220 V/3.82 A = 57.60 Ω.
(b) When heating is at the minimum rate,
I = 360 W/220 V = 1.64 A;
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and the resistance of the electric iron is
R = V/I = 220 V/1.64 A = 134.15 Ω.
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Example 11
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100 J of heat are produced each second in a 4 Ω resistance. Find the potential difference
across the resistor.
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Solution
H = 100 J, R = 4 Ω, t = 1 s, V = ?
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From Eq. (21) we have the current through the resistor as

I=√(H/Rt)
=√[100 J/(4 Ω × 1 s)]
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=5A
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Thus the potential difference across the resistor, V [from Eq. (5)] is
V = IR
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= 5A × 4 Ω
= 20 V.
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Example 12
An electric bulb is connected to a 220 V generator. The current is 0.50 A. What is the power
of the bulb?
Solution
P = VI
= 220 V × 0.50 A
= 110 J/s

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= 110 W.

Example 13

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An electric refrigerator rated 400 W operates 8 hour/day. What is the cost of the energy to
operate it for 30 days at Rs 3.00 per kW h?

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Solution
The total energy consumed by the refrigerator in 30 days would be
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400 W × 8.0 hour/day × 30 days = 96000 W h
= 96 kW h
Thus the cost of energy to operate the refrigerator for 30 days is
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96 kW h × Rs 3.00 per kW h = Rs 288.00
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Magnetic Effects of Electric Current

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Example 1
A current through a horizontal power line flows in east to west direction. What is the
direction of magnetic field at a point directly below it and at a point directly above it?
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Solution
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The current is in the east-west direction. Applying the right-hand thumb rule, we get that
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the direction of magnetic field at a point below the wire is from north to south. The
direction of magnetic field at a point directly above the wire is from south to north.
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Example 2
An electron enters a magnetic field at right angles to it, as shown in Fig. 14. The direction of
force acting on the electron will be
 to the right
 to the left

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 out of the page

 into the page

Solution
Answer is option (d). The direction of force is perpendicular to the direction of magnetic

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field and current as given by Fleming’s left hand rule. Recall that the direction of current is
taken opposite to the direction of motion of electrons. The force is therefore directed into
the page.

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Light

Example 1
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A convex mirror used for rear-view on an automobile has a radius of curvature of 3.00 m.
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If a bus is located at 5.00 m from this mirror, find the position, nature and size of the image.
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Solution
Radius of curvature, R = + 3.00 m;
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Object-distance, u = – 5.00 m;
Image-distance, ν = ?
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Height of the image, h = ?

Focal length, f = R/2 = + 3.00 m / 2 = + 1.50 m
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Since 1/ν + 1/u = 1/f

or, 1/ν = 1/f - 1/u = + 1 / 1.50 - 1 / (-5.00) = 1 / 1.50 + 1/ 5.00
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= (5.00 + 1.50) / 7.50

ν = +7.50 / 6.50 = +1.15 m
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The image is 1.15 m at the back of the mirror.

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Magnification, m = h'/ h = -v / u; = - 1.15 m / -5.00 m

= +0.23
The image is virtual, erect and smaller in size by a factor of 0.23.

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Example 2
An object, 4.0 cm in size, is placed at 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length
15.0 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a
sharp image? Find the nature and the size of the image.

Solution
Object-size, h = + 4.0 cm;

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Object-distance, u = – 25.0 cm;
Focal length, f = –15.0 cm;
Image-distance, ν = ?

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Image-size, h = ?
From Eq. (1):

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1/ν + 1/u = 1/f
1/ν = 1/f - 1/u = 1/-15.0 - 1/-25.0 = -1/15.0 + 1/25.0
1/ν = -(5.0+3.0)/75.0 = -2.0/75.0 or, ν = -37.5 cm
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The screen should be placed at 37.5 cm from the mirror. The image is real.
Also, magnification, m = h'/h = - (ν/u)
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or h' = -(νh)/u = -((-37.5cm)(+4.0cm))/(-25.0cm)
Height of the image, h = – 6.0 cm The image is inverted and enlarged.
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Example 3
A concave lens has focal length of 15 cm. At what distance should the object from the lens
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be placed so that it forms an image at 10 cm from the lens? Also, find the magnification
produced by the lens.
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Solution
A concave lens always forms a virtual, erect image on the same side of the object.
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Image-distance v = –10 cm;

Focal length f = –15 cm;
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Object-distance u = ?
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Since, 1 /v - 1 / u = 1 / f
or, 1 / u = 1 / v - 1 / f
1 / u = 1 / -10 - 1 / (-15) = - 1 / 10 + 1 / 15
1 / u = (-3+2) / 30 = 1 / (-30)
or, u = - 30 cm.
Thus, the object-cdistance is 30 cm.
Magnification m = v/ u

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m = -10 cm / -30 cm = 1 / 3 = +0.33

The positive sign shows that the image is erect and virtual. The image is one-third of the
size of the object.

Example 4
A 2.0 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal
length 10 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 15 cm. Find the nature, position

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and size of the image. Also find its magnification.

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Solution
Height of the object h = + 2.0 cm;

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Focal length f = + 10 cm;
object-distance u = –15 cm;
Image-distance v; = ?
Height of the image h = ?
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or, v = + 30 cm.
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The positive sign of v shows that the image is
formed at a distance of 30 cm on the other side of the optical centre. The image is real and
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inverted.
Magnification m = h' / h = v / u
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or, h = h (v/u)
Height of the image, h = (2.0) (+30/–15) = – 4.0 cm
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Magnification m = v / u
or, m = (+30cm) / (-15cm) = - 2
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The negative signs of m and h show that the image is inverted and real. It is formed below
the principal axis. Thus, a real, inverted image, 4 cm tall, is formed at a distance of 30 cm
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on the other side of the lens. The image is two times enlarged.
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