GOVT. BILASA GIRLS’ P.G.

(AUTONOMOUS) COLLEGE
BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. Mathematics

(First & Second Semester)

SESSION : 2019-20
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M. Sc. Mathematics
First & Second Semester
SESSION : 2019-20

There shall be five papers. All papers are compulsory.

Max. Min. Passing

Paper Title
Marks
Marks
Ext. Int. Ext. Int.
I Advanced Abstract Algebra 80 20 29 07
II Real Analysis 80 20 29 07
III Topology 80 20 29 07

IV Complex Analysis 80 20 29 07

V Advanced Discrete 80 20 29 07
Mathematics

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER I : ADVANCED ABSTRACT ALGEBRA-I
Session 2019-20
Maximum Marks: 80
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
.
Normal series - Normal and subnormal series composition series Jordan Holder theorem,
Solvable groups, Nilpotent groups. Rings and Ideals - Definitions, Maximal and prime ideals,
Nilpotent and Nil ideals Zorn’s Lemma (Statement Only) its application to obtain Maximal
ideal.
Definition and examples sub modules quotient modules direct sums, Modules generated by a
set, Homomorphism of modules, isomorphism theorems, Exact sequence of modules, Short
exact sequence, Cyclic modules Simple modules, Semi-simple modules Schur’s lemma, Free
modules.
Field Theory - Extension fields, Algebraic and transdental extensions, separable and
inseparable extension, Normal extensions, Perfect fields, Finite Fields, Primitive Elements,
Algebraically closed fields, Automorphism of extensions, Galois Extension, Fundamental
theorem of Galois theory, Solution of Polynomial equations by radicals.
Text Book:
P.B. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R. Nagpaul Basic Abstract Algebra IInd Edition
Cambridge University, Press Indian Edition.
Reference Books:
1. I.S. Herstein - Topics in Algebra Wiely Eastern Ltd. New Delhi (1975).
2. M.Artin Algebra Prentice Hall of India 1991.
3. D.S.Malik, J.N.Mordeson & M.K. Sen Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra, McGraw - Hill
International Edition 1997.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M.Sc. MATHEMATICS

FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER II - REAL ANALYSIS –I
Session 2019-20
Maximum Marks: 80

The Riemann - Stieltjes Integral: Definition and existence of Riemann- Stieltjes

integral, Properties of the Integral, Integration and differentiation, the fundamental
theorem of Calculus, integration of vector-valued function Rectifiable curves.

Functions of Several Variables : Linear transformation, Derivatives in an open

subset of Rn, Contraction principle, Inverse function theorem, Implicit function
theorem, Derivatives of higher orders, Differentiation of integrals.

Sequences and series of Functions : Point wise and uniform convergence, Cauchy
criterion for uniform convergence, Weierstrass M-test, Abel's and Dirichlet's tests for
uniform convergence, Uniform convergence and continuity uniform convergence and
Riemann-Stieltjes integration, uniform convergence and differentiation, Weierstrass
approximation theorem .
Power Series :Uniquencess theorem for power series, Abel's and Tauber's theroem .

REFERENCES :

[1] Walter Rudin:Principles of Mathematical Analysis' (3re edition ) Mc Graw Hill,

Kogakusha, 1976, International student edition.

[2] P.K. Jain and V.P. Gupta: Lebesgue Measure and Integration, New age
International (P) Limited published, New Delhi 1986 (Reprint 2000).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER III – TOPOLOGY -I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Definition and examples of topological spaces. Closed sets, Closure, Dense subsets
Neighbourhoods, Interiors, exteriors and boundary points, Accumulation point and
derived sets, Bases and sub-bases, subspaces and relative topology.
Alternate methods of defining a topology in terms of Kuratowski Closure Operator
and Neighbourhood systems.
Continuous functions and Homeomorphism .
First and second countable spaces, Lindelof’s theorems,Seperable Spaces, Second
Countability and Seperability, Seperation axioms, T0, T1 T2 T31/2 ,T4: their
Characterization and basic properties. Uryshohn's lemma and Tietz Extension
Theorem .
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES::
1.G.F. Simmons :Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, Mc Graw -Hill
2.J.N .Sharma: Topology, Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut
3.M.J.Mansfield: Introduction to Topology. Van Nostrand. Princeton, New Jersey,
l963
4.Jame R. Munkres: Topology, A First Couse. Prentice Hall, Incorporated, 1974
5. K.D.Joshi: Introduction to General Topology , New Age International(P) Ltd. New
Delhi.
6.J Dugundji. Topology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1966. [OP]
7.B.Mendelson: Introduction to Topology, Dover Publications, 1990.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
FIRST SEMESTER
PAPER IV : COMPLEX ANALYSIS- I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80
Complex Integration. Cauchy-Goursat Theorem. Cauchy's integral Formula. Higher
order derivatives. Morera's theorem. Cauchy inequality and Liouville theorem. The
fundamental theorem of Algebra. Taylor's theorem. Maximum modulus principle,
Scwartz lemma. Laurent's series isolated singularities, Meromorphic functions.
The Argument principle. Rouche's theorem, Inverse function theorem.
Residues, Cauchy's residue theorem. Evaluation of integrals. Branches of many values
functions with special references to argz. logz. and za .
Bilinear transformations their properties and classification. Definitions and examples
of Conformal mappings.
Spaces of Analytical functions,Hurwitz’s Theorem, Montel’s theorem , Riemann
mapping theorem
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES:-
1. J.B. Convay : Functions of one complex variable. Springer-Verlag international
student Edition. Narosa. publishing House. 1980.
2. D. Sarason : Complex Function theory. Hindustan Book Agency. Delhi 1994.
3. S.Ponnusamy : Foundation of complex Analysis. Narosa publishing house 1997.
4. J.N. Sharma.: Functions of a complex variable , Krishna Prakashan Mandir,
Meerut
5. B.S.Tyagi: Functions of a Complex Variable, Kedar Nath Ram Nath Prakashan,
Meerut ,1981.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
FIRST SEMESTER

PAPER V : ADVANCED DISCRETE MATHEMATICS - I

Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Formal logic : Statement and Notation, Connectives – Negation, Conjuction, Disjunction, Truth
Table,Coditional and Biconditional , statement well formed formula, Tautology, Equivalent
formula, Duility Lan functionally complete set of connectives, two state devices and statement

logic, Normal form, Principle conjuctives and Principle Disjunctive Normal forms, The theory of
interface for the statement , calculus, Rules of Interface,Automatic Theorem proving , the
predicate calculus, Quantifiers, Predicate formulas, Free and Bound variables, Interface theory
of predicate calculus, valid formulas, over finite universe, valid formulas, involving
quantifiersformulas involving more than one quantifiers.
Algebraic Structure: : Algebraic system, Semigroups and Monoids (including those pertaining to
concatenation operation), Homomorphism of semigroups and monoids, Congruence relation and Quotient
Semigroups, Sub semigroup and Sub Monoids. Direct products. Basic Homomorphism theorem.

Lattices : Lattices as partially ordered sets and their properties. Lattices as Algebraic systems, Sub lattices,
Direct products, and homomorphism. Complete, Complemented and Distributive Lattice.

Boolean Algebra : Boolean Algebras as lattices. Various Boolean Identities. The switching Algebra example.
Subalgebra, Direct products and Homomorphism. Join-irreducible elements. Atoms and minterms. Boolean
forms and their Equivalence. Minterm Boolean forms. Sum of products canonical forms. Minimization of

Boolean functions Application of Boolean Algebra Switching theory (Using AND, OR, NOT gates) The
Karnaugh Map Method).
REFERENCES:
1. J.P. Tremblay & R. Manohar:. Discrete Mathematical structure with application to computer sciences.
McGraw Hill Book Co. 1997.
2. Seymour Lepschutz.: Finite Mathematics (International edition 1993) McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.

3. N. Deo: Graph Theory with applications to Engineering and Computer Sciences. Prentice Hall of India.
4. S. Wiitala: Discrete Mathematics - A unified approach McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.
5. C.L. Liu: Elements of Discrete mathematics. McGraw Hill Book Col.
6. M.K.Gupta: Discrete Mathematics , Krishna Prakashan Mandir(P) Ltd., Meerut.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M.Sc. MATHEMATICS

SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER I : ADVANCED ABSTRACT ALGEBRA - II
Session 2019-20
Maximum Marks: 80

Noetherian and Artinian Modules and rings, Hilbert’s Basis theorem, Wedderburn Artin
Theorem,

Smith Normal form over a PID and Rank.

Fundamental structure theorem for finitely generated modules over a principal Ideal Domain
and its applications to finitely generated abelian groups.

Text Books:
1. P.R. Bhattacharya, S.K. Jain and S.R.Nagapaul Basic Abstract Algebra IInd Edition
cambridge University press Indian Edition 1997.
2. I.N.Herstein Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Ltd. New Delhi 1975.
Reference Books:
1. M.Artin Algebra, Prentice Hall of India 1991.
2. D.S.Malik, J.N. Mordeson & M.K. Sen, Fundamentals of Abstract Algebra Mc-Graw Hill
International Edition.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
SECOND SEMESTER
PAPER II - REAL ANALYSIS –II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Measurable sets : Lebesgue outer measure, Lebesgue measure, Properties of

measurable sets, Borel sets and their measurability characterization of measurable
sets, Non measurable set.

Measurable functions : Definition and properties; Simple, Step and characteristics

function, Continuous function, sets of measure Zero. Sequence of functions, Egoroff's
theorem structure of measurable function, Lusin theorem, Frechet theorem,
Convergence in measure, Riesz theorem.

Lebesgue Integral : Lebesgue integral of a bounded function, Comparison of

Riemann integral and Lebesgue integral, Bounded Convergence Theorem, Integral of
non negative measurable functions, Fatou's lemma, Monotone convergence theorem,
General Lebesgue integral, Lebesgue dominated convergence theorem.

Differentiation and integration : Dini derivatives, Differentiation of monotone

functions, Lebesgue theorem, Function of bounded variation, Differentiation of an
integral, Lebesgue sets, Absolutely Continous Functions, Integral of the derivatives

Lebesgue Lp spaces : The classes Lp, Holder and Minikowski inequalities, Lp Banach
Spaces, Convergences in the mean

REFERENCES :
[1] Walter Rudin, :Principles of Mathematical Analysis' (3re edition ) Mc Graw Hill,
Kogakusha, 1976, International student edition.
[2] P.K. Jain and V.P. Gupta: Lebesgue Measure and Integration, New age
International (P) Limited published, New Delhi 1986 (Reprint 2000).

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER III – TOPOLOGY -II

Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Compactness continous functions and compact sets, Basic properties of compactness,

compactness and Finite Intersection Property ,Sequentially and Countably compact
sets,Local Compactness in Metric space Equivalence of compactness , countable
compactness and sequential compactness in metric space.
Connected spaces, connectedness on the real line,Components, Locally connected
spaces.
Net and filters. Topology and convergence of Nets,Hausdorffness and nets, Filters and
their convergence of nets.
Tychonoff product topology in terms of standard sub-base and its characterization. .
Projection Maps,Connectedness and product space. Compactness and Product space
(Tychonoffs theorem)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES:

1. G.F. Simmons :Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, Mc Graw -Hill

2. J.N .Sharma: Topology, Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut
3. M.J.Mansfield: Introduction to Topology. Van Nostrand. Princeton, New Jersey,
l963
4. Jame R. Munkres: Topology, A First Couse. Prentice Hall, Incorporated, 1974
5. K.D.Joshi: Introduction to General Topology , New Age International(P) Ltd.
New Delhi.
6. J Dugundji. Topology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1966. [OP]
7. B.Mendelson: Introduction to Topology, Dover Publications, 1990.
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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)M.Sc.
MATHEMATICS

SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER IV : COMPLEX ANALYSIS- II

Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80
.....................................................................................................................................

ENTIRE FUNCTIONS
Weierstrass factorization theorem Gamma function and its properties. Riemann Zeta
function. Riemann's functional equation. Runge's theorem. Mittag Leffler's theorem.
Analytic continuation uniqueness of direct analytic continuation. Uniqueness of
analytic continuation along curve.
Power series method of analytic continuation. Schwartz’s Reflection Principle.
Monodromy theorem and it consequences.Harmonic functions on a disc , Harnack’s
Inequality and theorem , Dirichlet’s Problem , Green’s theorem .
Canonical products . Jensen's formula. Poisson - Jenson Formula. Hadamard's three
circles theorem. Order of an entire function. Exponent of covergence, Borel's
theorem. Hadamard's factorization theorem.
The range of an analytic function. Bloch's theorem. The little Picard theorem.
Schottky's theorem. Montel Caratheodory and the Great Picard theorem.
Univalent functions. Bieberbach's conjecture (statement only) and the '' 1/4 - theorem.

REFERENCES:-

1. J.B. Convay : Functions of one complex variable. Springer-Verlag international student

Edition. Narosa. publishing House. 1980.

2. D. Sarason : Complex Function theory. Hindustan Book Agency. Delhi 1994.

3. S.Ponnusamy : Foundation of complex Analysis. Narosa publishing house 1997.

4. J.N. Sharma.: Functions of a complex variable , Krishna Prakashan Mandir, Meerut

5. B.S.Tyagi: Functions of a Complex Variable, Kedar Nath Ram Nath Prakashan, Meerut
,1981.
 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M.Sc. MATHEMATICS
SECOND SEMESTER

PAPER V : ADVANCED DISCRETE MATHEMATICS - II

Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Grammar and Language: Phase structure grammar, Rewriting Rules, ,Derivation,
Sentential forms, context –sensitive context, Free and Regular grammars and
languages, Notion of syntext, Analysis, Polish Notation, Conversion of Infix
experience to Polish Notation. The Rename Polish Notation.Regular sets and regular
expression
Introductory Computability Theory : Finite state Machines and their Transition,
Table diagrams, Equivalence of Finite state Machines, reduced machines,
Homomorphism Finite automata, and equivalence of its power to that of Deterministic
finite automata.
Graph Theory : Definition of (undirected) graph, Paths, Circuits Cycles & Sub
graphs, Induced Sub graphs, Degree of a vertex, Connectivity, Planar Graphs and their
properties, Trees, Euler's Formula for connected planner Graphs.Complete and
complete Bipartite graphs, Kuratowski's Theorem.(statement only), and it's use,
Spanning trees. Cut sets. Fundamental Cut sets and cycles. Minimal spanning trees.
Matrix representation of graphs, Euler's theorem on the Existence of Eulerian Paths,
and circuit, Directed Graphs, In degree and out degree of a vertex. Weighted
undirected Graphs.

REFERENCES:
1. J.P. Tremblay & R. Manohar:. Discrete Mathematical structure with application to computer
sciences. McGraw Hill Book Co. 1997.
2. Seymour Lepschutz.: Finite Mathematics (International edition 1993) McGraw Hill Book Co.
New York.
3. N. Deo: Graph Theory with applications to Engineering and Computer Sciences. Prentice Hall
of India.
4. S. Wiitala: Discrete Mathematics - A unified approach McGraw Hill Book Co. New York.
5. C.L. Liu: Elements of Discrete mathematics. McGraw Hill Book Col.
6. M.K.Gupta: Discrete Mathematics , Krishna Prakashan Mandir(P) Ltd., Meerut.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. (AUTONOMOUS) COLLEGE

BILASPUR (C.G.)

M.Sc. Mathematics

( Third & Fourth Semester)

SESSION : 2019-20
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M. Sc. Mathematics
Third & Fourth Semester
SESSION : 2019-20

There shall be five papers. Two compulsory & three optional paper.

Min. Passing
Paper Title Max. Marks
Marks
Ext. Int. Ext. Int.
I Functional Analysis 80 20 29 07
II Mechanics 80 20 29 07
III Programming in C 50 20 18 07
(Optional) (With ANSI Features)
III 30 11

(Practical)
Information Theory
IV
Or 80 20 29 07
(Optional)
Fuzzy Sets and their Application
V
Operation Research 80 20 29 07
(Optional)

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

THIRD SEMESTER
M.Sc. [Mathematics]
PAPER - I( Compulsory ): Integration Theory and Functional Analysis -I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Signed measure. Hahn decomposition theorem, mutually singular measures.

Radon-Nikodym theorem. Lebesgue decomposition. Riesz representation
theorem. Extension theorem (Caratheodory).

Lebesgue-Stieltjes integral, product measures, Fubini’s theorem. Tonnelle’s

theorem,Integral operator,Inner measure,Extension by set of measure zero,
Caratheodory outer measure. Hausdorff measure., Differentiation and
Integration. Decomposition into absolutely continuous and singular parts.

Baire sets. Baire measure, continuous functions with compact support.

Regularity of measures on locally compact spaces.

---------------------------------------------…………………………………………….-------
REFERENCES:

1.H.L. Royden: Real Analysis, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 4th
Edition, 1993.
2.B.Choudhary and Sudarsan Nanda: Functional Analysis with Applications
Wiley EasternLtd., 1989
3. J.H. Williamson: Lebesgue Integration, Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc. New
York. 1962
4. P.R. Halmos: Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1950.
5. T.G. Hawkins: Lebesgue’s Theory of Integration: Its Origins and
Development, Chelsea, New York, 1979.
6. B.V.Limaye: Functional Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
7. G.de. Barra: Measure Theory & Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1981.
8. Walter Rudin: Real & Complex Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing. Company, New Delhi .
9. P.K.Jain , O.P.Ahuja & Khalid Ahmad: Functional Analysis, New Age
International (P)Ltd., New Delhi.
10.A.Siddiqui: Functional Analysis with Applications: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New
Delhi.

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GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
THIRD SEMESTER
M.Sc. [MATHEMATICS]
PAPER – II( Compulsory ) : Partial Differential Equations, Mechanics &
Gravitation - I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Partial Differential Equations

Laplace's Equation- Fundamental solution, Mean value formulae, Properties of

Harmonic function, Green function, Energy method

Heat Equation: Fundamental solution, Mean value formulae, Properties of solution,

Energy method .

Wave Equation: Solutions by spherical means, Homogeneous equations, Energy

method.

Non-linear first order PDE, complete integrals, Envelopes characteristics, Hamilton

Jacobi equations (calculus of variations, Hamiltons ODE), Conservation Laws,
Representation of solutions, Separation of variables.

Laplace and Fourier Transforms and their applications, Legendre Transform.

Attraction: Attraction of rod, disc, spherical shell and sphere,

Surface integral of normal attraction .

REFERENCES :
1.D.Raisinghania :Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation, S.Chand , New Delhi.
2.Gupta ,Kumar & Sharma: Classical - Mechanics, Pragati Prakashan,
3.S.L. Loney :An Elementary Treatise On Statics,University Press.
4.I.N. Sneddon: Partial Differential Equation , Mc Graw Hill Book Co.Ltd.
5.H.Goldstem: Classical Mechanics, Addition Wesley.
6.Narayan Chandra Rana & Pramod Sharad, Chandra Joag: Classical Mechanics.
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1991.
7.B.D. Gupta & Satya Prakash: Mechanics Relativity .Pragati Prakshan, Meerut.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M.Sc. [ Mathematics ]
THIRD SEMESTER
PAPER III(Optional ) : Programming in C (with ANSI features) –I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80
[ THEORY 50+PRACTICAL 30 ]
…………………………………………………………………………………………
An overview of programming. Programming language, Classification.
C-Essentials Program Development. Functions. Anatomy of a C Function. Variables
and Constants.
Expressions. Assignment Statements. Formatting Source Files. Continuation
Character. The Preprocessor.
Scalar Data Types- Declarations, Different Types of Integers, Different kinds of
Integer Constants. Floating- Point Types. Initialization. Mixing Types , Explicit
Conversions-Casts. Enumeration Types, The Void Data Type, Typedefs, Finding the
Address of an object. Pointers.
Control Flow-Conditional Branching. The Switch Statement. Looping. Nested Loops.
The break and continue Statements. The goto statement. Infinite Loops.

REFERENCES:
1. Peter A. Darnell and Philip E. Margolis, C: A Software Engineering Approach,
Narosa Publishing House (Springer International Student Edition) 1993.
2.Brian W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritohie: The C Programme Language, 2nd
Edition (ANSI Features), Prentice Hall 1989.
3. Yashwant Kanetkar: Let Us C, 8th Edison, B P B Publications 2007.
4. E. Balagurusamy: Programming in C (ANSI), 4th Edison, Tata Mac Graw Hill.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
THIRD SEMESTER
M.Sc. [ Mathematics ]
PAPER – IV( Optional ) : Fuzzy Sets and their Applications –I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Fuzzy sets: Basic definitions  - cuts, Convex fuzzy sets, Basic operations on fuzzy
sets, Types of fuzzy sets, properties of -cuts, representation of fuzzy sets, First and
Second decomposition theorem, Extention Principle for fuzzy sets, fuzzy
complements, the two characterization theorems on fuzzy Complements, t-norms and
t-conorms. Algebraic product and sum, bounded difference and sum, statements of
characterization theorem for t-norms and t-conorms, combination of operaters.

Fuzzy Arithmetic: Fuzzy numbers, Arithmetic operations on fuzzy numbers,

Lattices of fuzzy numbers, fuzzy equations.

Fuzzy Relations : Fuzzy relations on fuzzy sets, fuzzy binary relations and fuzzy
equivalence relations. Fuzzy morphism, standard composition, sup i composition, inf
–wi composition of fuzzy relations.

Fuzzy Relations Equations : Problem partitioning, solution methods, fuzzy relation

equations based upon sup i composition and inf–wi composition, approximate
solution.

REFERENCES:

1. G.J. Klir and B. Yuan : Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy logic, Prentice Hall of India New
Delhi
2. H.J. Zimmermann : Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy logic, Prentice Hall of India New
Delhi
.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
THIRD SEMESTER

M.Sc. [Mathematics]

PAPER IV( Optional) : INFORMATION THEORY - I

Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Measure of Information- Axioms for a measure of uncertaintity. The Shannon entropy

and its properties. Joint and conditional entropies. Transformation and its properties.Some
Intuitive properties of a measure of entropy - Symmetry, normalization, expansibility,
boundedness, recursivity, maximality, stability, additivity, subadditivity, nonnegativity,
continuity, branching etc. and interconnections among them. Axiomatic characterization of
the Shannon entropy due to Shannon and Fadeev. Axiomatic characterization of the Shannon
entropy due to Tverberg and Leo.
Information functions, the fundamental equation of Information, information function
continuous at the origin, nonnegative bounded information functions, measurable information
functions and entropy. The fundamental theorem of Information Theory and its strong and
weak converses.
REFERENCES:
1.R.ASH: Information Theory , Inter science Publishers, New York, 1965.
2.F.M.REZA: An Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill Book Company,
Inc.,1961
3.J,Aczel and Z.Daroczy: On Measures of Information and their characterization, Academic
Press, New York

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
THIRD SEMESTER
M.Sc. [Mathematics]
PAPER V (Optional) : Operations Research –I
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Operations Research and its Scope. Necessity of Operations Research in Industry.

Linear Programming-graphical method of solutions, Simplex Method. Theory of the
Simplex Method. Two phase method, Big M method of solution to an LPP. Duality in
linear programming, Duality theorems, Dual Simplex method. Other Algorithms for
Linear Programmrng-Dual Simplex Method.

Parametric Linear Programming. Upper Bound Technique. Interior Point Algorithm.

Linear Goal Programming. Assignment Problems, It’s mathematical formulation,
Solution of assignment problems, Optimality test. Transportation problems,
Formulation of transportation problems, Solutions of Transportation problems, North-
West corner method, Least cost method, Vogel’s approximation method, Test for
optimality U-V method.
Network Analysis-Shortest Path Problem.Minimum Spanning Tree
Probiem.Maximum Flow I Problem. Minimum Cost Flow Problem. Network Simplex
Method. Project Planning and Control I with PERT CPM.

REFERENCES :
1.F.S. Hillier and G.J. Ueberman: Introduction to Operations ResBareft (Sixth
Edition), McGraw Hill International Edition, Industrial Engineering Series,
1995 Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Madras.
2. G. Hadley: Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, 1995.
3. G. Hadly, Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming, Addison-Wesley,
Reading Mass.
4. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali: Linear Programming
and Network flows, John Wiley I ‘ & Sons, New York, 1990.
5. H.A. Taha: Operations Researc~-An introduction, Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc., New Yark.
6. K. Swarup, P.K. Gupta and M. Mohan: Operations Research, Sultan Chand &
Sons, N.Delhi.
7. S.S. Rao: Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi.
8. P. K.. Gupla and D.S. Hira, : Operations Research ,S. Chand & Co. Ltd.,
N.Delhi.
9. N.S. Kambo, Mathematical Programming Techniques, Affiliated East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Madras.
10. S.D.Sharma: Operations Research, Kedar Nath Ram Nath Publication, Meerut.

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 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
FOURTH SEMESTER
M.Sc. [Mathematics]
PAPER I (Compulsory ) : Integration Theory and Functional Analysis - II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80
.

Normed linear spaces. Banach spaces and examples. Quotient space of normed linear spaces
and its completeness, equivalent norms. Riesz Lemma, basic properties of finite dimensional
normed linear spaces and compactness. Weak convergence and bounded linear
transformations, normed linear spaces of bounded linear transformations, dual spaces with
examples .

Uniform boundedness theorem and some of its consequences. Open mapping and closed
graph theorems. Hahn-Banach theorem for real linear spaces, complex linear spaces and
normed linear spaces. Reflexive spaces. Weak Sequential Compactness. Compact Operators.
Solvability of linear equations in Banach spaces (Fredholm alternatives). The closed Range
Theorem.

Inner product spaces. Hilbert spaces. Orthonormal Sets. Bessel’s inequality. Complete
orthonormal sets and Parseval’s identity. Structure of Hilbert spaces. Projection theorem.
Riesz representation theorem. Adjoint of an operator on a Hilbert space. Reflexivity of
Hilbert spaces. Self-adjoint operators, Positive, projection, normal and unitary operators.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
REFERENCES:

1.H.L. Royden: Real Analysis, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc., New York, 4th
Edition, 1993.
2.B.Choudhary and Sudarsan Nanda: Functional Analysis with Applications
Wiley EasternLtd., 1989
3. J.H. Williamson: Lebesgue Integration, Holt Rinehart and Winston, Inc. New
York. 1962
4. P.R. Halmos: Measure Theory, Van Nostrand, Princeton, 1950.
5. T.G. Hawkins: Lebesgue’s Theory of Integration: Its Origins and
Development, Chelsea, New York, 1979.
6. B.V.Limaye: Functional Analysis, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
7. G.de. Barra: Measure Theory & Integration, Wiley Eastern Ltd, 1981.
8. Walter Rudin: Real & Complex Analysis, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing. Company, New Delhi.
9. P.K.Jain , O.P.Ahuja & Khalid Ahmad: Functional Analysis, New Age
International (P)Ltd., New Delhi.
10.A.Siddiqui: Functional Analysis with Applications: Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company, New Delhi.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
FOURTH SEMESTER
M.Sc. [MATHEMATICS]
PAPER – II (Compulsory): Partial Differential Equations, Mechanics &
Gravitation - II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Analytical Dynamics
Generalised Co-ordinates, Holonomic and Non-holonomic Systems. Scleronomic and
Rheonomic System, Generalised Potentials.

Lagrange's equations of first kind, Lagrange's equations of second kind . Uniqueness

of solution,Energy equation for conservation fields.

Hamilton’s variables.. Hamilton canonical equations. Cyclic coordinates. Routh’s

equations.

Poisson’s Bracket. Poisson’s Identity. Jacobi-Poisson Theorem. Motivating problems

of calculus of variations, Shortest distance. Minimum surface of revolution.
Brachistochrone problem. Isoperimetric problem. Geodesic,.Lagranges bracket and its
properties, Fundamental lemma of calculus of variations. Euler’s equation for one
dependent function and its generalization to (i) independent functions, (ii) higher
order derivatives. Conditional extremum under geometric constraints and under
integral constraints.
Gravitation
Potential of rod, disc, spherical shell and sphere, spherical shell of finite thickness.
Distributions for a given potential. Equipotential surfaces. Surface and solid
harmonics. Surface density in terms of surface harmonics. Guass's theorem ,
Laplace and Poisson equations, work done by self attracting system.
REFERENCES :
1.D.Raisinghania :Ordinary and Partial Differential Equation, S.Chand , New Delhi.
2.Gupta ,Kumar & Sharma: Classical - Mechanics, Pragati Prakashan,
3.S.L. Loney :An Elementary Treatise On Statics,University Press.
4.I.N. Sneddon: Partial Differential Equation , Mc Graw Hill Book Co.Ltd.
5.H.Goldstem: Classical Mechanics, Addition Wesley.
6.Narayan Chandra Rana & Pramod Sharad, Chandra Joag: Classical Mechanics.
Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1991.
7.B.D. Gupta & Satya Prakash: Mechanics Relativity .Pragati Prakshan, Meerut.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
M.Sc. [ Mathematics ]
FOURTH SEMESTER
PAPER III ( Optional ) : Programming in C (with ANSI features) –II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80
[ THEORY 50+PRACTICAL 30 ]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Operators and Expressions-Precedence and Associativity. Unary Plus and Minus
operators. Binary Arithmetic Operators. Arithmetic Assignment Operators.Increment
and Decrement Operators. Comma Operator. Relational Operators. Logical Operators.
Bit - Manipulation Operators. Bitwise Assignment Operators. CastOperator. Size of
Operators. Conditional Operator. Memory Operators.
Arrays - Declaring an Array. Array and Memory. Initializing Arrays. Encryption and
Decryption..
Storage Classes-Fixed vs. Automatic Duration. Scope. Global variables. The Register
Specifier. ANSI rules for the syntax and Semantics of the storage – clas s keywords.
Pointers - Pointer Arithmetic. Passing Pointers as Function Arguments. Accessing Array
Elements through Pointers. Passing Arrays as Function Arguments. Sorting
Algorithms.Strings. Multidimensional Arrays. Arrays of Pointers. Pointers to Pointers.
Functions-Passing Arguments. Declarations and Calls. Pointers to Functions. Recursion. The
main Function. Complex Declarations.The C Preprocessor-Macro Substitution. Conditional
Compilation. Include Facility. Line Control.
Structures and Unions-Structures. Dynamic Memory Allocation. Linked Lists. Unions,
enum Declarations.
……………………………………………………………………………………
REFERENCES:
1. Peter A. Darnell and Philip E. Margolis, C: A Software Engineering Approach,
Narosa Publishing House (Springer International Student Edition) 1993.
2.Brian W. Kernighan & Dennis M. Ritohie: The C Programme Language, 2nd

Edition (ANSI Features), Prentice Hall 1989.

3. Yashwant Kanetkar: Let Us C, 8th Edison, B P B Publications 2007.
4. E. Balagurusamy: Programming in C (ANSI), 4th Edison, Tata Mac Graw Hill.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)

FOURTH SEMESTER
M.Sc. [ Mathematics ]
PAPER IV ( Optional ) : Fuzzy Sets and their Applications –II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Possiblity Theory : Fuzzy measures, evidence theory, possliblity theory, necessity

measure, fuzzy sets and possibility theory, possiblity theory versus probability theory.

Fuzzy logic : An overview of classical logic. Multivalued logics, Fuzzy propositions,

Fuzzy quantifiers, Linguistic Hedges, Inference from conditional and qualified fuzzy
proposition, the compositional rule of inference.

Approximate reasoning : An overview of fuzzy expert systems, Fuzzy implications

and their selection, Multi conditional approximate reasoning, the role of fuzzy relation
equations.

An introduction to fuzzy control : Fuzzy controllers, Fuzzy rule base. Fuzzy

inference engine, Fuzzification. Defuzzification and various defuzzification methods
(the center of area, the center of maxima, and the mean of maxima methods.)

Decision Making in Fuzzy Environment- Individual decision making . Multiperson

decision making. Multicriteria decision making. Multistage decision making. Fuzzy
ranking methods . Fuzzy linear programming.

REFERENCES:

1. G.J. Klir and B. Yuan : Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy logic, Prentice Hall of India New
Delhi
2. H.J. Zimmermann : Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy logic, Prentice Hall of India New Delhi.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
FOURTH SEMESTER

M.Sc. [Mathematics]

PAPER -IV ( Optional ) : INFORMATION THEORY - II

Session 2019-20

Max. Marks.80

Information Functions: The general solution of the fundamental equation of

information. Derivations and their role in the study of information functions.
Continuous Channels: The time -discrete Gaussian channel.Uncertaintity of an
absolutely continuous random variable. The converse to the coding theorem for
time-discrete Gaussian channel.The time –discrete Gaussian channel, Band-
limited channels.
Noisless Coding- Ingradients of noiseless coding problem. Uniquely
decipherable codes. Necessary and Sufficient condition for the existence of
instantaneous codes. Construction of optimal codes.
Discrete Memoryless Channel ; Classification of channels. Information
processed by a channel. Calculation of channel capacity. Decoding schemes.
The ideal observer.

REFERENCES:
1.R.ASH: Information Theory , Inter science Publishers, New York, 1965.
2.F.M.REJA: An Introduction to Information Theory, McGraw Hill Book Company,
Inc.,1961
3.J,Aczel and Z.Daroczy: On Measures of Information and their characterization, Academic
Press, New York.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
 GOVT. BILASA GIRLS' P. G. COLLEGE, BILASPUR (C.G.)
FOURTH SEMESTER
M.Sc. [Mathematics]
PAPER - V ( Optional ) : Operation Research –II
Session 2019-20
Max. Marks. 80

Dynamic Programming-Deterministic and Probabilistic Dynamic programming.

Game Theory-Two-Person, Zero-Sum Games. Games with Mixed Strategies.

Graphical Solution. Solution by Linear Programming.

Integer Programming

Queueing system: Deterministic Queueing system, probability distribution in

Queueing, classification of Queueing models, Poission Queueing system ((M/M/I):
(∞/FIFO), (M/M/I): (/SIRO) (M/M/I): (N/FIFO)), Inventory control : The concept of
EOQ, Deterministic inventory problem with no shortages.
Nonlinear Programming- One and Multi-Variable Unconstrained Optimization.
Kuhn-Tucker Conditions for Constrained Optimization. Quadratic Programming.
Separable Programming. Convex Programming. Non-convex Programming.
……………………………………………………………………………………
REFERENCES :
1.F.S. Hillier and G.J. Ueberman: Introduction to Operations ResBareft (Sixth
Edition), McGraw Hill International Edition, Industrial Engineering Series,
1995 Affiliated East-West Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Madras.
2. G. Hadley: Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, 1995.
3. G. Hadly, Nonlinear and Dynamic Programming, Addison-Wesley,
Reading Mass.
4. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali: Linear Programming
and Network flows, John Wiley I ‘ & Sons, New York, 1990.
5. H.A. Taha: Operations Researc~-An introduction, Macmillan Publishing Co.,
Inc., New Yark.
6. K. Swarup, P.K. Gupta and M. Mohan: Operations Research, Sultan Chand &
Sons, N.Delhi.
7. S.S. Rao: Optimization Theory and Applications, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,
New Delhi.
8. P. K.. Gupla and D.S. Hira, : Operations Research ,S. Chand & Co. Ltd.,
N.Delhi.
9. N.S. Kambo, Mathematical Programming Techniques, Affiliated East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, Madras.
10. S.D.Sharma: Operations Research,Kedar Nath Ram Nath Publication, Meerut.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.