Adjectives

Course: Bahasa Inggris Matematika

By Radhiatul Husna
Adjectives

Definition of Adjectives

The Adjective enough Expressing
Sufficiency

Adjectives Expressing Consecutive
Order

Adjectives Ending in –ed and –ing

Collective Adjectives

Degrees of Adjectives

The Order of Adjectives in a Series
Definition of Adjectives

Adjectives are words that describe or modify another
person or thing in the sentence.

Adjectives do not change form, singular or plural.

If two nouns occur together, the first noun describes
the second noun, then the first noun acts as an
adjective; e.g. telephone number.

The articles – a, an, the – are considered as adjectives.

If a group of words containing a subject and a verb
acts as an adjective, it is called an adjective clause.
e.g. The girl who is sitting next to me is my best friend.

To modify a place in the adjective clause, we usually
use where or in which.
Definition of Adjectives
e.g. The house where she lives is very small.
The house in which she lives is very small.
The house which she lives in is very small.
The house that she lives in is very small.
The house she lives in is very small.

To modify a noun of time in the adjective clause, we usually
use when or on which; e.g.
I’ll never forget the day when we met each other.
I’ll never forget the day on which we met each other.
I’ll never forget the day that we met each other.
I’ll never forget the day we met each other.

The adjective clause will become the adjective phrase if the
subject and verb of the clause are omitted.
e.g. The girl sitting next to me is my best friend.
 The Adjective enough
Expressing Sufficiency

Sufficiency: enough
 Enough with Nouns: means sufficient, used before or after a
plural count noun or a non-count noun; e.g.
• There aren’t enough cars (cars enough) for all of us to go.
• We have enough time (time enough) to finish our test.
 Enough with Adjectives: means sufficiently, used after the
adjective; e.g.
• Her score on the exam was good enough to qualify her for a graduate
program.
• Most large corporations provide pension plans for their employees
(A) so that they will be (B) secure enough than (C) to live (D)
comfortably during their retirement.
 Adjectives Expressing
Consecutive Order

Used before singular count nouns: One, Another, the Other
which organize three things consecutively.
 One and the other organize two nouns consecutively.
 One: means the first one mentioned.
 Another: means one more in addition to the first one mentioned.
 The other: means the one remaining.

Used before plural count nouns: Some, Other, the Other

Examples:
 One of my roommates studies engineering, another roommate
studies business, and the other roommate studies mathematics.
 Some houses are for rent, other houses are for sale, and the other
(the rest of the) houses are empty.
 Adjectives Expressing
Consecutive Order

Note: If One, Another, the Other are consecutively used
instead of singular count nouns, then they are pronouns; e.g.
 One of my roommates studies engineering, another studies business,
and the other studies mathematics.
 One bus leaves at two, another at six, and the other at ten.

When Some, Others, the Others (the rest) are used instead of
plural count nouns, they are pronouns; e.g.
 Some houses are for rent, others are for sale, and the others (the
rest) are empty.
 In experiments with (A) large numbers of animals crowded in small
cages, some have not been affected, but (B) the rest of (C) have
shown (D) all of the symptoms associated with stress and mental
illness.
Adjectives Ending in –ed and –ing

An –ed adjective usually expresses result.

An –ing noun that acts as an adjective usually expresses
cause.

Examples:
• We were disappointed in their performance.
• What an interesting idea!
• The Canterbury Tales, written about 1386, is as alive and
appealing today as it was nearly 600 years ago.
• It is not (A) surprised that the Arabs, (B) who (C)
possessed a remarkable gift for astronomy, mathematics,
and geometry, (D) were also skillful mapmakers.
Collective Adjectives

When the is combined with an adjective
describing a class or group of people, the
resulting phrase can act as a noun such as the
homeless, the lonely, the oppressed.

The collective adjective is always plural and
requires a plural verb.

Examples:
 The rural poor have been ignored by the media.
 The elderly are beginning to demand their rights.
 The young at heart are always a joy to be around.
Degrees of Adjectives

Comparative: used for comparing two things.

Superlative: used for comparing three or
more things.

The word than frequently accompanies the
comparative and the word the precedes the
superlative.

Examples:
 An essay test is more difficult than an objective test.
 The Disney amusement park in Japan is larger than the
ones in Florida or California.
 The blue whale is the largest known animal, reaching a
length of more than one hundred feet.
 Degrees of Adjectives
Examples:

Positive Comparative Superlative

early earlier earliest two syllables ending in y

When two comparatives are used together, the first comparative

Irregular Forms
Positive Comparative Superlative
good better best
bad worse worst
little less least
far further furthest
much
many more most
some
 The Order of Adjectives
The Order of Adjectives
Determiner Observation Physical Description Origin Material Qualifier Noun
Size Shape Age Color
a beautiful old Italian touring car
an expensive antique silver mirror
four gorgeous long-stemmed red silk roses
her short brown hair
our big old English sheepdog
those square wooden hat boxes
that dilapidated little hunting cabin
several enormous young Dutch basketball players
some delicious Thai food
 Exercise 1
Choose the correct answer of the following questions!
1. The definition for “gram calories” or “calories” are _____ for most engineering work.
(A) accurate as enough (C) accurate enough
(B) enough accurate (D) as accurate enough
2. There are three kinds of solar eclipses: one is total, another is annular, and _____ .
(A) the another is partial (C) other is partial
(B) the partial is other (D) the other is partial
3. _____ is cheaper for students who maintain a B average because they are a better risk than average
or below-average students.
(A) Automobile’s insurance (C) Automobile insurance
(B) Insurance of automobiles (D) Insurance automobile
4. If one is suffering from a psychosomatic illness, that is, a disease contributed to by mental anxiety,
one may still feel very _____ .
(A) badly (C) bad
(B) worst (D) worsely
5. It is generally true that the lower the stock market falls, ____ .
(A) higher the price of gold rises (C) the price of gold rises high
(B) the higher the price of gold rises (D) rises high the price of gold
 Exercise 2
Identify the error of the underline words in the following sentences!
1. Located (A) in the cranial cavity in the skull, (B) the brain is the (C)
larger mass of nerve tissue in the (D) human body.
2. (A) Through his essays, poems, and lectures, Ralph Waldo Emerson
established (B) himself as a major thinker of his time (C) and as a (D)
figure leading of American literature.
3. (A) Composing over 99% of (B) the studied universe, hydrogen is (C) by
far (D) the most abundance element in the known universe.
4. The (A) staff is often the (B) costly and most important of all the
resources (C) committed to the (D) working of an institution or a
business.
5. (A) No other quality is more important (B) for a scientist to acquire (C)
as to observe(D) carefully.
 Exercise 3
Choose the correct answer from the following questions.
1. Those are probably the ___________ curtains in the store.
(A) fancyest (C) fancier
(B) fanciest (D) most fanciest
2. Uncle Carl is really ______________________ man.
(A) an old sweet (C) a old sweet
(B) a sweet, old (D) a sweet old
3. The Karmen-Ghia used to be _________________ sportscar.
(A) a fine German (C) an fine German
(B) a German, fine (D) a fine, German
4. Everyone was home for the holidays. What could make for ___________ Christmas than
that?
(A) a merryer (C) a merry
(B) the merriest (D) a merrier
5. They grew up in ___________________ house in Mexico City.
(A) a comfortable, little (C) a little comfortable
(B) a little, comfortable (D) a comfortable little
 Exercise 3
6. Diehard is the ____________ movie I've ever seen.
(A) most excited (C) more exciting
(B) most exciting (D) most exciteable
7. Tashonda wanted to take a course with _____________________ professor.
(A) that interesting new Japanese economics (C) that new interesting Japanese economics
(B) that Japanese interesting, new economics (D) that interesting, new, Japanese, economics
8. Of all the mechanics in the shop, Jerzy is surely ______________ .
(A) the less competent (C) more competent
(B) the least competent (D) the competentest
9. In the fall, the valleys tend to be ___________ than the hilltops.
(A) foggy (C) more foggy
(B) more foggier (D) foggier
10. My cold is definitely _________ this morning.
(A) worse (C) more worse
(B) worst (D) worser