International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (4.

36) (2018) 636-639

International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET

Research paper

Smart Water Quality Monitoring System Using Iot Technology

Vennam Madhavireddy1, B. Koteswarrao2*
1PG Student, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and
Management, Hyderabad, India.
2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Marri Laxman Reddy Institute of Technology and Management,

Hyderabad, India.
*Corresponding author E-mail: ksrao123@mlritm.ac.in

Abstract

The economical and effective system of water quality observation is the most robust implementation of impure water. Drinking water
could be precious for all people as water utilities face more challenges. These challenges arise due to the high population, fewer water
resources, etc. So, different methods are used to monitor in the real-time water quality. To make sure that safe distribution of water is
done, it must be observed in real time for a new method in the “Internet of Things (IoT)” based water quality has been projected. Real-
time water quality observation is examined by data acquisition, method, and transmission with an increase in the wireless device network
method in the IoT. Microcontroller and the processed values remotely to the core controller ARM with a WI-FI protocol are used to
interface the measured values from the sensors. This projected the water quality observation interface sensors with quality observation
with IOT setting. WQM selects parameters of water like temperature, pH level, water level and CO2 by multiple different device nodes.
This methodology sends the information to the web server. The data updated at intervals within the server may be retrieved or accessed
from anyplace within the world. If the sensors do not work or get into abnormal conditions, then a buzzer will be ON.

Keywords: Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), water parameters, Internet of things (IoT), WI-FI.

1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
The wireless communication technologies are increased for aiding
person’s individual and regular responsibilities. There are many Wireless sensor networks are also known as “wireless sensor and
applications developed for building control, automation, data actuator network (WSAN)” that is a network containing"
acquisition in recent years. There are many benefits like low cost, distributed sensors" to observe the environmental or physical
easy installation, and maintenance. The remote device network is situations like pressure, sound, temperature, etc. This system
applicable in several functions like farming, traffic management, contains a gateway, which offers connectivity to the used world
remote health care, forest management, security and surveillance and distributed nodes, which can transfer the information through
[1]. The “wireless sensor network” contains connectivity, the network to main position. The existing networks are
computing and signal processing, and spread device nodes for bidirectional in nature and enable the sensor activity.
sensing [2]. Jayti Bhatt, Jignesh published "Real-time water quality
This framework permits the user to display the devices which are monitoring system".
connected from the bottom station through completely dissimilar This research ensures a safe supply of drinking water. This system
communication principles such as “Bluetooth, Zigbee, WIFI, consists of different water parameters. The microcontroller
RFID and GPRS” [3]. IoT was established in parallel to WSN’s processes the data. At last data from the sensors is viewed on the
during which several things are associated with networks from web server [10]. Ning [11] designed a monitoring system for
one to different. Jing [4] created a remote wireless watching water quality.
system for water supply using “PIC microcontroller” that relies on
GPRS. The complexity of the microcontroller architecture is
more, and the cost is high. 3. Existing System
Therefore, to solve these disadvantages, a low cost, low power
and system on chip primarily based wireless device node is Now a day’s water is polluted due to many reasons. In this current
needed. Purohit and Gokhale [5] created a true time watching system, the equipment cost is high, and it takes a lot of time to
system using GSM, Intel, sensors, ADC and LCD. These devices process. Traditional methods have the drawbacks such as long
are limited because they are supported advanced dedicated waiting time for results high cost, low measurement precision, and
electronic boards [6], [7], [8]. There are different WEB complicated methodology [12].
applications like RFID tags, smart technique, sensor technique and So with the implementation in the technology, we use different
mobile techniques [9]. methods and techniques to check the quality of water. There is a
disadvantage in the existing system that the system has high
complexity and low performance.

Copyright © 2018 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits
unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
International Journal of Engineering & Technology 637

4. Proposed System sensitivity, waterproof, and anti-corrosion, temperature

compensation and stability.
In this proposed system the complexity reduces and the
performance increases by collecting the data of the water
parameters like temperature, water level, co2, pH. The
information collected is updated on the web server that can be
retrieved from anywhere in the world.

Figure 3: CO2 Sensor

Features

a) Operating voltage: 4.5 to 5.5v DC

b) Output signal: Analog output(4-20mA)
c) Digital output: -150mA
d) Measuring range: 0-5000ppm

C) Water Level Sensor

Figure 1: System block diagram
“Water level sensor” is designed for detecting the water level in
5. Implementation the reservoir and overhead tanks. This is generally utilized in
sensing the water leakage, water level, and the rainfall. It consists
of mainly three parts: 1MΩ resistor, an electronic brick connector
A) pH Sensor and numerous lines of bare conducting wires. It works by having a
series of “exposed traces” that are associated to ground. This is
A pH is an electronic device which is used for measuring the pH also interlaced between “grounded traces and the sunstrokes”. A
level in the water. It consists of three types of probes (i) Glass weak pull-up resistor of 1MΩ is present. 1MΩ resistor pulls up
electrode (ii) Reference electrode (iii) combination of gel the sensor value till a drop of water shorts the sensor trace to the
electrode. pH is described as the “negative logarithm” of hydrogen grounded trace. This can measure the water droplet/water size by
ion concentration in water. using a series of “exposed parallel wires”. The characteristics are
pH=-log[H+] it has high sensitivity and low power consumption.
A pH meter consists of special probes which are connected to an
electronic meter that would display the reading. If the pH level is
greater than 7 then it is alkaline in nature, if the pH level is less
than 7 then it is acidic in nature, and generally the range of pH is
0-14pH.

Figure 4: Water level sensor

Features

a) Operating voltage: -3 to 5 V DC
b) Operating temperature: -10°c to 30°c
c) Measuring range: 0 to 15 feet’s

D) Temperature Sensor

This sensor is an “integrated circuit sensor”. The yield voltage is

linearly proportional to the Celsius temperature. The “LM35
Figure 2: pH Sensor sensor” is used in this project because the user cannot convert
Kelvin to centigrade temperature. It is not suitable for remote
Features applications and directly measures in Celsius. The applications of
the temperature sensor are in the microwave, fridges, household
a) Operating range: 0-14 devices, and air conditioners. It measures not only the heat but
b) Operating temperature: 0-45°𝑐 also measures cold temperature. They are two categories of
c) Operating voltage: -5 to 5 v sensors; they are “contact temperature sensor” and “non-contact
d) Output voltage: analog temperature sensor”. Contact temperature sensor is again divided
into three types; they are electromechanical, resistive resistance
B) CO2 Sensor temperature detectors, and semiconductor-based LM35, DS1820,
etc.
The co2 sensor is a device which is used to measure the carbon
dioxide in the water. This system uses SKU:SEN0219 to measure
the concentration which is an analog infrared co2 sensor. Parts per
million (ppm) is the unit which is used for measuring the
concentration of co2. One “ppm (parts per million)” is equal to 1
milligram of something per liter of water. The characteristics of
this type of co2 sensors are low power consumption, high
638 International Journal of Engineering & Technology

Figure 6: System Design Flow Chart

7. Result
In this WQM framework, when the device board is switched ON,
the devices get into activated state and will discover the water
parameters of individual sensors. Then, the composed data of
water parameters are transmitted to the web server wirelessly by
using WI-FI module. The information is monitored frequently and
Figure 5: Temperature sensor presented in every action because the framework is set in a
continuous mode. The information is refreshed for every 5
E) WI-FI seconds. One hour is selected for the interval of sensing. It
reduces power consumption.
The WI-FI module used in this project is ESP8266. It follows
TCP/IP stack and is a microchip which is less in cost. This
microchip allows the microcontroller to connect to a WI-FI
network, by using Hayes style command connections are done or
made through TCP/IP connection. ESP8266 has 1MB of built-in
flash, single chip devices able to connect WI-FI. Espressif systems
are the manufacturers of this module, and it is a 32-bit Figure 7: Sensors values displayed on screen
microcontroller. There are 16 GPIO pins in this module. This
module follows the RISC processor. It has 10 bit DAC. Later
Espress if systems released a software development kit(SDK)
which is used to programme on the chip so that another
microcontroller is not used. Some of the SDK's are Node MCU,
Arduino, Micro Python, Zerynth and Mongoose OS. SPI, I2C,
I2S, UART are used for communicating between two sensors or
modules. IOT gateway is discussed briefly in [7]

Figure 5.1: Wi-Fi Module

6. Flow chart

Figure 7.1: Sensor data accessing in the web through IoT

8. Conclusion
By using a WI-FI module, the interfacing is done between
transducers and the sensor network on a single chip solution
wirelessly. For the monitoring process, the system is achieved
with reliability and feasibility by verifying the four parameters of
water. The time interval of monitoring might be changed
depending upon the necessity. Ecological environment of water
resources is protected in this research. The time is reduced, and
the cost is low in this environmental management.

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