Body movement

1. Fill in the blanks:

(a) Joints of the bones help in the ——————— of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilages forms the _______ of the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a ______________________ joint.
(d) The contraction of the _____________ pulls the bones during movement.
Solution:
(a) Joints of the bones help in the movement of the body.
(b) A combination of bones and cartilages forms the skeleton of the body.
(c) The bones at the elbow are joined by a hinge joint.
(d) The contraction of the muscles pulls the bones during movement.
2. Indicate true (T) and false (F) among the following sentences.
(a) The movement and locomotion of all animals is exactly the same. ( )
(b) The cartilages are harder than bones. ( )
(c) The finger bones do not have joints. ( )
(d) The fore arm has two bones. ( )
(e) Cockroaches have an outer skeleton. ( )
Solution:
a) False b) False c) False d) True e) True
3. Match the items in Column I with one or more items of Column II.
Solution:
Column I Column II

Upper jaw Have fins on the body

Fish Has an outer skelton

Ribs Can fly in the air

Snail is an immovable joint

Cockroach Protect the heart

Shows very slow movement

Have a streamlined body

Solution:
Column I Column II

Upper jaw is an immovable joint

Fish Have fins on the body, Have a

streamlined body

Ribs Protect the heart

 Snail Shows very slow movement

Cockroach Has an outer skeleton

4. Answer the following:
(a) What is a ball and socket joint?
(b) Which of the skull bones are movable?
(c) Why can our elbow not move backwards?
Solution:
a) The rounded end of one bone fits into the cavity (hollow space) of the other bone. Such a joint allows
movements in all directions which is called as ball and socket joint.
b) Lower jaw
c) Our elbow cannot move backwards because it has hinge joints which only allow back to forth
movements.

The living organism and their surrounding

1. What is a habitat?
Solution:
The place where organisms live is called habitat. Habitat means a dwelling place (a home). The habitat
provides food, water, air, shelter and other needs to organisms.
2. How are cactus adapted to survive in a desert?
Solution:
Adaptation of cactus are as follows
Leaf is replaced by spine to reduce transpiration
Stems carry out photosynthesis
A thick waxy layer surrounds leaf to retain water
Roots of cactus are deeply rooted inside soil to absorb water
3. Fill up the blanks
(a) The presence of specific features, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular
habitat, is called ————.
(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live on land are called ———— habitat.
(c) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called ————habitat.
(d) Soil, water and air are the ———— factors of a habitat.
(e) Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them, are called ———— .
Solution:
(a) The presence of specific features, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat, is
called adaptation.
(b) The habitats of the plants and animals that live on land are called terrestrial habitat.
(c) The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat.
(d) Soil, water and air are the abiotic factors of a habitat.
(e) Changes in our surroundings that make us respond to them, are called stimuli.
4. Which of the things in the following list are nonliving?
Plough, Mushroom, Sewing machine, Radio, Boat, Water hyacinth, Earthworm
Solution:
Plough, sewing machine, Radio and Boat are nonliving things
5. Give an example of a non-living thing, which shows any two characteristics of living things.
Solution:
Example: car
Features
It can move like living beings
It needs oxygen
6. Which of the non-living things listed below, were once part of a living thing?
Butter, Leather, Soil, Wool, Electric bulb, Cooking oil, Salt, Apple, Rubber
Solution:
Butter, Leather, Wool, Cooking oil, Apple and rubber were once part of a living thing.
7. List the common characteristics of the living things.
Solution:
Common characteristics of living things are as follows
i) Respiration
ii) Food intake
iii) Response to stimuli
iv) Excretion
v) Movement
vi) Reproduction
8. Explain, why speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals that live there. (Hint:
There are few trees or places for animals to hide in grasslands habitats.)
Solution:
Speed is important for survival in the grasslands for animals to avoid predation from their predators. For
example Tiger eats deer, to survive deer has to run faster than the tiger.

Motion and measurement

1. Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air
Solution:
Land- Train., Bus
Water- Ship, Boat
Air- Helicopter, Airplane
2. Fill in the blanks:
(i) One metre is ______________ cm.
(ii) Five kilometer is ______________ m.
(iii) Motion of a child on a swing is ______________.
(iv) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is ______________.
(v) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is______________.
Solution:
(i) One metre is 100 cm.
(ii) Five kilometer is 5000 m.
(iii) Motion of a child on a swing is periodic.
(iv) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is periodic.
(v) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is circular.
3. Why can a pace or a footstep not be used as a standard unit of length?
Solution:
Pace or a footstep cannot be used as a standard unit of length because it varies from person to person.
4. Arrange the following lengths in their increasing magnitude: 1 metre, 1 centimeter, 1 kilometer, 1
millimeter
Solution:
1 millimeter, 1 centimeter, 1 metre, 1 kilometer
5. The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Solution:
1.65= 165 cm = 1650 mm
6. The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.
Solution:
1km = 1000 m
Hence 3250 m = 3.25 kms
7. While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and
at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle?
Solution:
Length of needle = 33.1 – 3 = 30.1 cm
8. Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has
been switched on.
Solution:
Similarities- Both show circular motion
Differences- Bicycle wheels move in rectilinear motion, but the fan does not move in rectilinear motion.
9. Why would you not like to use a measuring tape made of an elastic material like rubber to
measure distance? What would be some of the problems you would meet in telling someone about a
distance you measured with such a tape?
Solution:
An elastic measuring tape will not give accurate measurement as it stretches in length and reduces in size
when stretched. When we express measurement taken with elastic tape, we have to tell whether the tape
was stretched. If yes, how much. Hence it is very difficult to tell the measurement taken from an elastic
tape.
10. Give two examples of periodic motion.
Solution:
a) Needle of a sewing machine
b) Pendulum
Light and shadow
1. Rearrange the boxes given below to make a sentence that helps us understand opaque objects.

Solution:

2. Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent and luminous
or non-luminous:
Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminum, a mirror, a wooden board, a sheet of polythene, a
CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent
tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, the flame of a gas burner, a sheet of cardboard, a lighted
torch, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh, kerosene stove, sun, firefly, moon.
Solution:

Opaque Transparent Translucent Luminous Non luminous

a piece of rock Air A sheet of polythene A lightened A mirror

fluorescent tube
 a sheet of Water Fog the flame of a gas A piece of rock
aluminum burner

A CD A sheet of plane glass A sheet of a lighted torch A wire mesh

cellophane

Smoke Firefly Iron

Iron Stove A wall

An umbrella Sun

A wall Moon

3. Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a
rectangular shadow if held in another way?
Solution:
Yes,

4. In a completely dark room, if you hold up a mirror in front of you, will you see a reflection of
yourself in the mirror?
Solution:
No, in a dark room, mirror reflection of image will not be shown as light will not fall on the mirror to
reflect the image.
Current & Electricity
1. Fill in the blanks :
(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called _______________.
(b) An electric cell has _______________ terminals.
Solution:
(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called switch.
(b) An electric cell has two terminals.
2. Mark ‘True’ or ‘False’ for following statements:
(a) Electric current can flow through metals.
(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
(c) Electric current can pass through a sheet of thermocol.
Solution:
True
False
False
3. Explain why the bulb would not glow in the arrangement shown in Fig. 12.13.

Solution:
Bulb would not glow in the arrangement because circuit is not complete due to presence of insulator in
the center.
4. Complete the drawing shown in Fig 12.14 to indicate where the free ends of the two wires should
be joined to make the bulb glow.

Solution:

5. What is the purpose of using an electric switch? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches
built into them.
Solution:
Purpose of electric switch is to complete or break the circuit. Electrical gadgets that have switches built
into them are Fan, refrigerator, television, microwave oven, electric cookers.
6. Would the bulb glow after completing the circuit shown in Fig. 12.14 if instead of safety pin we
use an eraser?

Solution:
No, the bulb will not glow as eraser is an insulator.
7. Would the bulb glow in the circuit shown in Fig. 12.15?

Solution:
No, the bulb will not glow.
8. Using the “conduction tester” on an object it was found that the bulb begins to glow. Is that
object a conductor or an insulator? Explain.
Solution:
The object is a conductor because the bulb glows only when the conductor is used but not when the
insulator is used.
9. Why should an electrician use rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home?
Explain.
Solution:
An electrician uses rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home because rubber gloves
are insulators. This protects him from avoiding electric shocks.
10. The handles of the tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians for repair work usually
have plastic or rubber covers on them. Can you explain why?
Solution:
Tools like screwdrivers and pliers used by electricians for repair work because plastic is an insulator and
plastic handles protect the electrician from electric shocks.

Magnet
1. Fill in the blanks in the following
(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as __________, __________ and
____________.
(ii) The Materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called________.
(iii) Paper is not a ______ material.
(iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of ___________.
(v) A magnet always has __________ poles.
Solution:
(i) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as bar magnet, horse shoe and cylindrical.
(ii) The Materials which are attracted towards a magnet are called magnetic.
(iii) Paper is not a magnetic material.
(iv) In olden days, sailors used to find direction by suspending a piece of magnet.
(v) A magnet always has two poles.
2. State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.
(ii) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
(iii) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.
(iv) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.
(v) Bar magnets always point towards North-South direction.
(vi) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.
(vii) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Solution:
i) False ii) False iii) True iv) False v) True vi) True vii) False
3. It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its
body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
Solution:
Iron might have been used to make some part of it.
4. Column I shows different positions in which one pole of a magnet is placed near that of the other.
Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.
Column – I Column – II
N-N _______
N- Attraction
S-N _____
-S Repulsion
Solution:
Column – I Column – II
N-N Repulsion
N- S Attraction
S-N Attraction
S– S Repulsion

5. Write any two properties of a magnet.

Solution:
Properties of magnet are as follows
It attracts objects made of Nickel, Cobalt and Iron.
Magnet directs the side in north and south direction.
6. Where are poles of a bar magnet located?
Solution:
On two ends of a bar magnet.
7. A bar magnet has no markings to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its
north pole is located?
Solution:
A bar magnet is hanged in the air and the end pointing to the north is the north pole of the magnet.
8. You are given an iron strip. How will you make it into a magnet?
Solution:
Take a bar magnet and keep in contact with one of its poles with one edge of the bar of iron.
Without lifting the bar magnet, move it along the length of the iron bar till you reach the other end.
Lift the magnet and bring the pole (the same pole you started with) to the same point of the iron bar from
which we began.
Move the magnet again along the iron bar in the same direction as you did before.
Repeat this process for about 30-40 times.
9. How is a compass used to find directions?
Solution:
A compass always shows north and south direction, by keeping this as a reference we can always find
east and west directions also.

Water
1. Fill up the blanks in the following:
(a) The process of changing of water into its vapor is called _________________.
(b) The process of changing water vapor into water is called _________________.
(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to _________________ in that region.
(d) Excessive rains may cause _________________.
Solution:
(a) The process of changing of water into its vapor is called evaporation.
(b) The process of changing water vapor into water is called condensation.
(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to drought in that region.
(d) Excessive rains may cause floods.
2. State for each of the following whether it is due to evaporation or condensation:
(a) Water drops appear on the outer surface of a glass containing cold water.
(b) Steam rising from wet clothes while they are ironed.
(c) Fog appearing on a cold winter morning.
(d) Blackboard dries up after wiping it.
(e) Steam rising from a hot girdle when water is sprinkled on it.
Solution:
Condensation
Evaporation
Condensation
Evaporation
Evaporation
3. Which of the following statements are “true” ?
(a) Water vapor is present in air only during the monsoon. ( )
(b) Water evaporates into air from oceans, rivers and lakes but not from the soil.( )
(c) The process of water changing into its vapor, is called evaporation.( )
(d) The evaporation of water takes place only in sunlight.( )
(e) Water vapor condenses to form tiny droplets of water in the upper layers of air where it is
cooler.(
Solution:
a) False b) False c) True d) False e) True
4. Suppose you want to dry your school uniform quickly. Would spreading it near an anghiti or
heater help? If yes, how?
Solution:
Spreading uniform near an anghiti or heater will help because it increases the rate of evaporation due to
heat.
5. Take out a cooled bottle of water from refrigerator and keep it on a table. After some time you
notice a droplets of water around it. Why?
Solution:
Because the surface of the air around the bottle cool down and air condenses around the bottle.
6. To clean their spectacles, people often breathe out on glasses to make them wet. Explain why the
glasses become wet.
Solution:
Air coming out from mouth cool down on the surface of glass hence glass becomes wet.
7. How are clouds formed?
Solution:
The process of condensation plays an important role in bringing water back to the surface of the earth. As
we go higher from the surface of the earth, it gets cooler. When the air moves up, it gets cooler and
cooler. At sufficient heights, the air becomes so cool that the water vapor present in it condenses to form
tiny drops of water called droplets. It is these tiny droplets that remain floating in the air and appear to us
like clouds.
8. When does a drought occur?
Solution:
If it does not rain for two or more years, water is lost from the soil due to evaporation and transpiration.
This dries the soil and the water in the ponds and lakes are dried up, leading to drought condition.
 Air – around us
1. What is the composition of air?
Solution:
Air comprises of water vapor, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon dioxide, dust and smoke.
2. Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration?
Solution:
Oxygen in the atmosphere is essential for respiration.
3. How will you prove that air supports burning?
Solution:
Take a candle and place it in a tub, light the candle and fill the tub with water. The candle starts growing
after some time. Now cover the candle with an inverted glass. You will find that the candle blows out
after burning for some time, and the water level inside the inverted glass rises to some extent.
The component oxygen of air inside the glass is used up in burning. Therefore, water occupies that space.
This shows that air supports burning.
4. How will you show that air is dissolved in water?
Solution:
Heat the tumbler filled with water. Before they start boiling bubbles occur, these bubbles are due to air
present in water. This experiment concludes air is present in the water.
5. Why does a lump of cotton wool shrink in water?
Solution:
The lump of cotton wool shrink in water because the air inside the cotton lumps are replaced by water
which makes the layer stick together.
6. The layer of air around the earth is known as ___________.
Solution:
The layer of air around the earth is known as the atmosphere.
7. The component of air used by green plants to make their food, is ___________.
Solution:
The component of air used by green plants to make their food is carbon dioxide.
8. List five activities that are possible due to the presence of air.
Solution:
Activities that are possible due to air are:
Photosynthesis
Cloud formation
Respiration
Transpiration
Winnowing
9. How do plants and animals help each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere?
Solution:
Plants take carbon dioxide to give out oxygen. This oxygen is used by animals for respiration to expel out
carbon dioxide. This carbon dioxide is used by plants to prepare food. This way, plants and animals help
each other in the exchange of gases in the atmosphere

Garbage
1. (a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the red worms?
(b) Have you seen any other organism besides red worms, in your pit? If yes, try to find out their
names. Draw pictures of these.
Solution:
a) Plastic bag and articles, tin glass and aluminum foils are not converted by compost by the red worms.
b) Earthworms, small insects like ant, millipedes are found in pits.
2. Discuss:
(a) Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?
(b) Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to disposal of garbage?
Solution:
a) No, not just the government, but everybody is responsible for garbage disposal. We should bifurcate
wet and dry waste, recycle the non-biodegradable substances and we should also reduce the accumulation
of garbage in our house and streets.
b) Yes, it is possible to reduce the problems of garbage by scientific disposal of garbage, we can do it by
bifurcation of different waste and also by recycling the waste materials.
3. (a) What do you do with the leftover food at home?
(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating in a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter
at a party, which one would you prefer and why?
Solution:
Preserve them in refrigerator and use them before they get spoiled.
I choose Banana leaf for the following reasons
Easy to dispose
Can be reused
Environment friendly
4. (a) Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled.
(b) With the help of a lens look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you
see any difference in the material of recycled paper and a new sheet of paper?
Solution:
a) All kinds of paper can be used except plastic paper.
b) Recycled paper is thick when compared to new sheet of paper.
5. (a)Collect different kinds of packaging material. What was the purpose for which each one was
used? Discuss in groups.
(b) Give an example in which packaging could have been reduced?
(c) Write a story on how packaging increases the amount of garbage.
Solution:
(a) Different kinds of packaging materials used commonly are:
Cardboard – used as shoe, soap, bulb and other boxes.
Plastic Bags – Toys covers, sarees bags, shopping bags, etc. Wooden Boxes – Fruit baskets and boxes for
hardware.
Jute Bags – School bags, shopping bags, vegetable bags, etc.
(b) By reusing the packaging material, we can reduce the accumulation of garbage.
(c) The basic purpose of packaging is to protect the product from tampering and to maintain its freshness
and purity. However, most of the packaging material is used to beautify the boxes and make them look
attractive on the shelves. Unfortunately, a large volume of packaging material goes waste and is thrown
into dustbin.
For example, in most of the places, the dustbins are full of chips and biscuit wrappers.
It unnecessarily increases the amount of garbage. It also increases the cost of the product due to
unnecessary packaging. We should seriously consider how to reduce unnecessary packaging.
6. Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers? Why?
Solution:
Yes, it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers for the following reasons:
It is easy to prepare compost
Compost is environment friendly as it does not cause any health issues in humans and animals
Compost will not cause pollution
Compost increases soil fertility.
Compost is biodegradable