Certainty Equivalent Factor
Certainty Equivalent Factor
Certainty Equivalent Factor
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Meaning
Certainty Equivalent factor (CEF) is the ratio of assured cash flows to uncertain cash flows. Under this
approach, the cash flows expected in a project are converted into risk-less equivalent amount. The
adjustment factor used is called CEF. This varies between 0 and 1. A co-efficient of 1 indicates that cash
flows are certain. The greater the risk in cash flow, the smaller will be CEF ‘for receipts’, and larger will
be the CEF ‘for payments’. While employing this method, the decision maker estimates the sum she
must be assured of receiving, in order that she is indifferent between an assured sum and expected
value of a risky sum.
Formula:
CCF
CEF
UCF
CEF = CCF/UCF
In this equation, the term CCF refers to the amount, which decision-maker is willing to receive as an
assured sum in lieu of an unassured sum. The term UCF means uncertain cash flows.
Step 1: Convert uncertain cash flows to certain cash flows by multiplying it with the CEF.
Step 2: Discount the certain cash flows at the risk free rate to arrive at NPV.
Example:
Blue Prints Ltd., having 10% cost of capital is considering a project with the following expected cash
flows. The risk free rate is 8%. The NPV at 10% is found to be positive.
Due to uncertainties about the future cash receipts, the management decides to adjust these cash flows
to certainty equivalent, by taking only 60%, 55% and 50% 0f cash flows for years 1 to 3 respectively.
Assess the validity of project
Solution: