Memory Based Questions of

GATE 2020
Electronics and
Communication Engineering
Detailed Solutions

Date of Exam : 2/2/2020

Forenoon Session
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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

GENERAL APTITUDE
Q.1 Time at quarter past three angle between hour hand and minute hand is

Ans. (7.5°)

End of Solution

Q.2 Radius of circle is ‘a ’ and PQR is the maximum possible area of rectangle.

P Q

S R

Find shaded area

(a) πa 2 – 2a 2 (b) πa 2 − 2a 2

(c) πa 2 − 3a 2 (d) None of these

Ans. (a)

End of Solution

Q.3 Implicit : Explicit : : Express : __________?

(a) Compress (b) Suppress
(c) Impress (d) Repress

Ans. (b)

End of Solution

Q.4 He was not only accused of theft _______ of conspiracy.

(a) Rather than (b) Rather
(c) But also (d) But even

Ans. (c)

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.5 The untimely loss of life is a course of serious global concern as thousands of people
get killed ________ accidents every year while many other die _____ disease like
cardiovascular disease cancer etc.
(a) during, from (b) in, of
(c) of, from (d) None of these

Ans. (b)
End of Solution

Q.6 The Canadian constitution requires equal importance to English and French. Last year
air Canada lost a lawsuit and had to pay a six figure fine to French speaking couple
after they field a complaints about formal in-flight announcements in English lasting
15 seconds as compared to informal announcements in French lasting only for 5 seconds.
The French speaking couples were upset at
(a) The English announcements being longer than French once
(b) The English announcements being clearer than French
(c) Equal importance given to English and French
(d) The in-flight announcement being made in English

Ans. (a)
End of Solution

Q.7 The global financial crisis in 2008 as considered to be most serious worldwide FC. Which
started with sub-prime landing crisis (SPLC) in USA 2007? The SPLC led to banking
crisis in 2008 with the collapse of Lehman brothers in 2008. The SPL refers to the provision
of loans to those borrowers. Who may have difficulties in repaying loans and its arises
because of excess liquidity following the East Asian crisis. The correct precedence
according to Paragraph is
(a) Banking crisis — Sub-prime landing crisis — Global financial crisis — East Asian crisis
(b) Sub-prime landing crisis — Global financial crisis — Banking crisis — East Asian crisis
(c) Global financial crisis — East Asian crisis — Banking crisis — Sub-prime landing crisis
(d) East Asian crisis — Sub-prime landing crisis — Banking crisis — Global financial crisis

Ans. (d)

Q.8 Following quadratic equation is

a x 2 – b x + c = 0 and it has equal root which is β and a, b, c are the real number which
is true
bC
(a) β 3 = (b) b ≠ 4ac
2a2
ab
(c) β = ac (d) β 3 =
2

Ans. (a)

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING

Q.1 Given a binary number 1100 and p, q, r represents its sign magnitude, 1’s complement,
2’s complement representation respectively.
Then 6 digit 2’s complement form of p + q + r is

Ans. (110101)
Given, binary number 1100
1’s complement of 1100 = –3
Sign magnitude of 1100 = –4
2’s complement of 1100 = –4
∴ P + Q + R = –4 – 3 – 4 = –11
∴ 2’s complement of (–11) = 110101

End of Solution

Q.2 Output of 4 × 1 MUX F (P, Q, R ) is

R EN
0 MUX
F
R 4×1
1 S1 S0

P Q

Ans.
QR
00 01 11 10
P
Output, F = PQR + PQR + PQ
0 0 1 0 0

1 0 1 1 1
F = QR + PQ

End of Solution

Q.3 For 10 bit D/A converter, full range of voltage 0-10, then find the output value for Vinput
13A (in hexadecimal) in volts is ______V.

Ans. (3.066)
Given, n= 10
VFS = 10 V
Input voltage = (13A)16 = (314)10
Output voltage = Resolution × Decimal equivalent of input
10
Vo = × 314 = 3.066 V
210
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

∞
Q.4 Given: y (t ) = ∫ W (t ) ⋅ φ(t )
−∞

1 5 ≤ t ≤ 7
W (t ) is the random variable having PSD 3W/Hz and φ(t ) =  . Find the variance
0 Otherwise
of y(t )?

Ans. (6)
1 5 ≤ t ≤ 7
Given: φ(t) = 
0 Otherwise
S ω(f ) = 3 Watts/Hz
Rω(τ) = 3δ(τ0) = 3δ(t1 – t2)
Var[y ] = E[y 2] – {E [y ]}2
{E [W (t )]}2 = DC power = Area under PSD at f = 0
{E [W (t )]}2 = 0
E [W (t )] = 0
∞
y= ∫ W (t ) φ(t ) dt
−∞
∞
E [y ] = ∫ E [W (t )] φ(t )dt = 0
−∞

∫ W (t ) φ(t )dt → E[y ] = Sω (f ) ⋅ Energy [φ(t)]

2
y=
−∞

=3 × 2 = 6
Var[y ] = 6 – 0 = 6
Detailed explanations for :
∞
y= ∫ W (t ) φ(t ) dt
−∞

∞ ∞ 
E (y 2) = E[y ⋅ y ] = E  ∫ W (t1) φ(t1)dt1 ∫ W (t2) φ(t2)dt 2 
 −∞ −∞ 
∞ ∞ 
= E
∫ ∫
 −∞ −∞
W (t1) W (t1) φ(t1) φ(t2) dt1 ⋅ dt2 

∞ ∞
= ∫ ∫ E [W (t1) W (t 2 )] ⋅ φ(t1) φ(t 2 ) dt1dt 2
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
= ∫ ∫ RW (t1 − t 2 ) φ(t1) φ(t 2 ) dt1 dt 2
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
= ∫ ∫ 3δ(t1 − t 2 ) φ(t1) φ(t 2 ) dt1 dt 2
−∞ −∞

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Above integration exists provided

t1 = t2 = t
∞ ∞
= ∫ ∫ 3δ(0) φ(t ) φ(t ) dt dt
−∞ −∞
∞ ∞
= 3 ∫ δ(0) dt ∫φ
2
(t ) dt
−∞ −∞
= 3 × 1 × Energy [φ(t )]
E [y 2] = 6
End of Solution

Q.5 Given that m(t ) = 4cos1000πt and c (t ) = cos2πfct ; where fc = 1 MHz. Given that
s(t ) = m (t ) cos2πfct and s(t ) is demodulated using a demodulator.

s(t ) y(t )

–520 520 Hz

cos2π(fc + 40)t
Then y(t ) is

Ans.

S(t) Hz
–510 500

cos [2π (fc + 40)t ]

S(t) = m (t ) cos 2π f c t
S(t) = 4 cos 1000πt cos 2π (106)t
Output of multiplier
= [4 cos 1000πt cos 2π 106t] cos 2π (f c t + 40) t ]
= [2 [cos [2π (500 + 106) t ] + cos [2π (106 500)t ] cos 2π(f c + 40) t
= 2 cos 2π (500 + 106) t cos 2π ((f c t + 40) t ) + 2 cos [2π (106 – 500) t) cos 2π (f c + 40) t
= cos [2π (2fc +540t) + cos(60t) + cos [2fc – 460)t + cos(540t)]
Output of Low pass filter
= cos [2π (460)]t
= cos 920 πt
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.6 Given phase modulated and frequency modulated signals

spm = Ac cos(2πfct + kp m (t ))
 ∞ 
sfm = Ac cos  2πfct + kf ∫ m(t ) ⋅ dt 
 
 0 
where kf is given in rad/sec/volt
kp is in rad/volt
m (t ) is given as
m(t)

10

1 3 6 7 t
Kp
Find .
Kf

Ans. (2)
S(t)pm = Ac cos[2π fc t + kp m(t )]
 ∞ 
S(t)F m = Ac cos 2πfct + kf ∫ m (t )dt 
 0 
Instantaneous frequency are equal
1 d m(t)
fi = θ(t )
2 π dt
10
⇒ fi (FM) = fi (PM)
kp d k 1 3 6 7 t
fc + m(t ) = fc + f m(t )
2π dt 2π
kp d k
m(t ) = f m(t )
2π dt max
2π max

d
m (t ) = 5, m (t ) max = 10
dt max
kp(5) = kf (10)
kp
=2
kf

End of Solution

Q.7 A digital communication system is used to transmit a block of N-bits, if the probability
of receiving 1-bit in error is α and all bits are transmitted independently. The received
block is said to be erroneous if at least one bit in error. The probability of the block
to be erroneous is ______.
(a) αN (b) 1 – (1 – α)N
(c) N (1 – α) (d) 1 – αN

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. (b)
Proabability of error in decoding single bit = α
Then proabability of no error will be 1 – α.
Total N-bits transmitted, so that probability of no error in received block
= (1 – α) (1 – α) ... N times
= (1 – α)N
The probability of received block is erroneous = 1 – (1 – α)N
End of Solution

Q.8 A binary random variable takes two values as +2 and –2 with probability P (X = 2) = α;
then value of α for which entropy will be maximum is ______.

Ans. (1/2)
Given that P (X = 2) = α
Entropy will be maximum; provided probabilities are equal.
1
i.e. P (X = 2) = P (X = −2) = α =
2
1
α=
2
End of Solution

∫
2
Q.9 Given that X (ω) is Fourier transform of x(t ) then find X (ω) d ω
−∞
x(t)

–1 0 1 2 3 t

x(t)
Ans.
∞ ∞ ∞

∫
2
X (ω) d ω = 2π ∫ x(t ) 2 dt = 2π ∫ y (t ) 2 dt 3
−∞ −∞ −∞
0 1

∫
2
= 2 × 2π y (t ) dt
−2
–1 0 1 2 3 t
 −1 0 
= 2 × 2π  ∫ (t + 2)2dt + ∫ (2t + 3)2dt 
 −2 −1 

  (t + 2)3   (2t + 3)3 0 

= 4    
+

 
  3   3 × 2 −1
 

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

t − 0 33 − 1  1 26 
= 4π  +  = 4π  + 
 3 6  3 6 
 1 26   1 13 
= 4π ×  +  = 4π ×  3 + 3 
 3 6   
14 56π
= 4π × =
3 3
End of Solution

k =3
Q.10 Given that y (n) = ∑ (−1)K x(n − k ). Then which one of the following is the correct pole
k =0

zero plot of above given system?

Z-plane Z-plane
th rd
4 order 3 order

(a) (b)
1 1

Z-plane Z-plane
rd rd
3 order 3 order

(c) (d)
1 1

Ans. (b)
3
y(n ) = ∑ (−1)K x(n − K )
K =0

= x(n ) – x(n – 1) + x(n – 2) – x(n – 3)

⇒ Y (z ) = X (z ) – z –1 X (z ) + z –2 X (z ) – z –3 X (z )
Y (z)
⇒ H (z ) = = 1 − z −1 + z −2 − z −3
X (z)
z 3 − z 2 + z − 1 (z − 1) (z 2 + 1)
= =
z3 z3
Pole zero plot:
Z-plane
rd
3 order

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.11 Discrete time signals output is y (n ) = max[X (k )], –∞ ≤ K ≤ n

(a) unit impulse (b) unit step function
(c) a constant function (d) zero

Ans. (b)
End of Solution

Q.12 A finite duration discrete time signals x(n ) is obtained by sampling x(t ) = cos[200πt ]
n
of sample instant = , n = 0, 1, 2, ... 7. The 8-point DFT of x(n) is defined as
400
7 πk
−i n
X [k ] = ∑ x(n) ⋅ e 4 ,k = 0, 1, ... 7
n =0

(a) X (3) and X (5) are non-zero (b) X (4) is non-zero

(c) X (2) and X (6) are non-zero (d) All X (k) are non-zero

Ans. (c)
x(t ) = cos200πt

n
t=
400

 n  π 
x(n ) = cos  200π  = cos  2 n  ; n = 0,1,..., 7
 400   

 π 3π 5π 7π 
= cos0, cos , cos π, cos , cos2π, cos , cos3π, cos 
 2 2 2 2


DFT
= {1, 0, –1, 0, 1, 0, –1, 0} ← → X (k )


Suppose, 
DFT
y (n ) = {1, –1, 1, –1} ← → Y( k )

1 1 1 1   1 
1 − j −1 j   −1
[Y (k)] = [WN ] N = 4 [y (n)] =     = [0, 0, 4, 0]
1 −1 1 −1  1 
  
1 j −1 − j   −1
Now, as we know,


DFT
If for {a, b, c, d } ← → {A, B, C, D }



DFT
Then for {a, 0, b, 0, c, 0, d, 0} ← → {A, B, C, D, A, B, C, D }



DFT
Similarly, for y (n ) = {1, –1, 1, –1} ← → Y (k ) = {0, 0, 4, 0}

Here, for x(n ) = {1, 0, –1, 0, 1, 0, –1, 0}
X (k ) = {0, 0, 4, 0, 0, 0, 4, 0}
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.13 The transfer function of a stable discrete time LTI system is H(z) =
K(z − α) when α
(z + 0.5)

and K are constants and α > 1. If the magnitude response is constant for all frequencies
then the value of α is ____.

Ans. (–2)
System is all-pass filter.
For digital all-pass filter, condition is
1
Zero = ...(i)
Pole∗
By given transfer function,
Zero = α
Pole = –0.5
Using condition (i),
1
α= =−2
−0.5
End of Solution

Q.14 For the impedance Z = jX, having X values from –∞ to ∞, which of the following is correct
in the Smith chart?
(a) A circle of radius 1, with centre at (0, 0)
(b) A point at the centre of the Smith chart
(c) A circle of radius 0.5 with centre at (0.5, 0)
(d) A line passing through the centre of the Smith chart

Ans. (a)
For given impedance Normalized impedance is
Z jX
=
Z0 Z0
Z = jX
⇒ Z = 0 + jX
Normalized resistance = 0 ⇒ r = 0
X = –∞ to ∞
r = 0 and X from –∞ to ∞ is a unit circle (radius 1) and centre (0, 0) on a complex
reflection coefficient plane:
Γi
r=0

Γr

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.15 Which one of the following is correct?

(a) ∇2 A = 0 then ‘A ’ is irrotational

(
(b) ∇ (∇· A) = ∇ × (∇ × A) − ∇2A )
(c) ∇·A = 0 then vector is A is solenoidal

(d) ∇ × A is also a vector quantity

Ans. (a)
End of Solution

Q.16 Given the magnetic field intensity of a uniform plane wave in vacuum is


H ( x, y , z , t ) = (aˆ x + 2aˆ y + baˆ z )cos(ωt + 3 x − y − z )
then find value of b _____.

Ans. (1)
For uniform plane wave
aˆH ⋅ aˆρ = 0

aˆH is unit vector in magnetic field direction âρ is unit vector in power flow direction
1aˆ x + 2aˆy + baˆz
aˆH =
12 + 22 + b2
−3aˆ x + aˆy + aˆz
âρ =
32 + 12 + 12
aˆH ⋅ aˆρ = 0
(aˆ x + 2aˆ y + baˆ z ) ⋅ (−3aˆ x + aˆ y + aˆz ) = 0
–3 + 2 + b = 0
b=1
End of Solution

Q.17 For a given two port ideal lossless transformer, the parameter S21 for a reference
impedance of 1 Ω is
2:1

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. (0.8)
For ideal transformer of n : 1, the scattering matrix is
 n2 − 1 2n 
 2 2 
S11 S12  n +1 n +1 
S  = 
 21 S22   2n  1− n2  
 2  2 

 n + 1  1 + n  
2n 2(2) 4
S21 = = = = 0.8
n 2 + 1 22 + 1 5
End of Solution

Q.18 For an infinitely small dipole in free space, the electric field Eo in the far field is proportional

 e− jkr  2π
to   sin θ, where K = . A vertical infinitesimally small electric dipole (δI << λ)
 r  λ

is placed at a distance h (h > 0) above an infinite ideal conduction plane as shown in

figure. The minimum value of ‘h ’, for which one of maxima in the far field radiation pattern
occurs at θ = 60° is _____.
z

I δl

h
θ

y
Infinite conduction plate

Ans. (λ/4)
End of Solution

Q.19 For a given transistor T1, base region has uniform doping of 1017/cm3 and transistor
T2 has base region with doping varying linearly with x. If all other parameters of the
transistor are same, then find the ratio of common emitter current gain of transistor T1
to transistor T2?

17 3
10 /cm

14 3
10 /cm

0
W
(a) 0.3 times that of T2 (b) 0.7 times that of T2
(c) 2 times that of T2 (d) 2.5 times that of T2

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. (c)
W

β1
∫ N A2 ( x)d x
0
=
β2 W

∫ N A1 ( x)d x
0

W × 1017
= 2
1
2
(
× W × 1017 − 1014 )

End of Solution

Q.20 For a solar cell, Pin = 100 mW/cm2, surface area = 1 cm2, Voc = 0.7V, fill factor = 0.8,
efficiency = 15%. If thickness of the cell is 200 µm, then the light generation rate
will be

Ans.
(FF )VOC I SC
η=
Pin
0.8 × 0.7 × I SC
0.15 =
100 mW
15
⇒ ISC = mA
0.56
I SC
GL =
q × Area × thickness
15 × 10 −3
=
0.56 × 1.6 × 10 −19 × 1 × 200 × 10 −4
15
= × 1019 = 0.837 × 1019 / cm 3 /second
0.56 × 32

End of Solution

Q.21 Given that a semiconductor has density of state function in conduction band NC is half
of density of state function in valence band NV, then the shift in the intrinsic fermi level
from the centre of forbidden gap is ____ meV.

Ans. (9.01)
E C + EV kT  NC   NV 
− E Fi = ln  ∵ NC = 2 
2 2  NV   
0.026
= ln 0.5 = −9.01 meV
2
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.22 In a MOS capacitor, threshold voltage is –0.16V, metal work function is 3.7V, bandgap
of semiconductor is 1 eV whose band diagram is shown below. C ′x = 100 pF/cm2. Oxide
is free from non-idealities. When the voltage across the capacitor is equal to threshold
voltage, what will be the depletion charge present in the semiconductor?
E0

4 eV

Ec
0.5 eV
Ei
EF
0.2 eV

Ans.
MOS capacitance
φm = 3.7, φs = 4.8, φms = –1.1

Q′ Q′
VT = φms − ox − d + 2φFp
Cox Cox
φ Fp = Ei – EF = 0.5 – 0.2 = 0.3

Qd′
–0.16 = −1.1 − 0 − + 2 × 0.3
C ox

Qd′
= 0.6 + 0.16 – 1.1 = –0.34
Cox

Qb = –0.34 × Cox
= –0.34 × 100 × 10–9
= –34 nC/cm2

Q.23 Consider the following MOSFET, find the equivalent Norton’s resistance

gm, rds

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. G D

+
v π = – Vx vπ gm vπ rds

Vx = (Ix – gm Vx ) rds + Ix R –
Ix R
S
Vx(1 + gm rds ) = (rds + R )Ix +
–

Vx R + rds
RN = =
I x 1 + gm rds

End of Solution

Q.24 A sinusoidal voltage is applied to the given circuit, then the steady state output voltage Vo
is _______ V.
C
Vo

Vrms = 230 V C

Ans. (650.4)

Voltage doubles, Vo = 2 Vm = 2 × 230 2 ≅ 650.4 V

End of Solution

Q.25 Consider the op-amp shown below:

1 kΩ

+5
–
1 kΩ
+ I0
–5V 1 kΩ
Vi = 2V

The current “I0” is ________ mA.

Ans. (6)
1 kΩ

1 kΩ

Vo
2V Io
1 kΩ

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Vo = (1 + 1) × 2 = 4 V

2−4 0−4
+ Io + =0
1 1
–2 + Io – 4 = 0
⇒ Io = 6 mA

End of Solution

Q.26
Vi 1Ω
1V
+5V
t Vi +
1Ω V0
–1V – I0

–5V

The output V0 is
(a) square wave with an amplitude of 5V
(b) sinusoidal of amplitude 10V
(c) inverted sinusoidal of input
(d) constant signal with either +5V and –5V

Ans. (a)
The given circuit is a Schmitt trigger, which produces a square wave at the output.
End of Solution

Q.27 Find the state matrix (consider v and i as state variables).

0.5 H

i
+
I1 2Ω v 0.25 F 1Ω I2
–

Ans.
From source transformation,
2Ω 0.5 H 1Ω

i
+
2I1 (1) v 0.25 F I2
–

KVL in loop 1,
di
2I1 = 2i + 0.5 +v
dt

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

di
= –2V + 4i + 4I1 (i)
dt
KCL at node,
dv V − I 2
i = 0.25 +
dt 1
dv
= –4V + 4i + 4I2 (ii)
dt
 dv (t ) 
 dt   −4 4  v (t )  0 4   I1 
  =   +  
 d i(t )   −2 −4   i(t )  4 0   I2 
 dt 

End of Solution

Q.28 When base current of given BJT is negligible. Given that Vt = 26 mV and VBE = 0.7V.
10V

10 kΩ

V0

10 kΩ

Vi
20 kΩ

–10V

Voltage gain at low frequencies is

Ans. (–89.423)
10 − 0.7
IEQ = = 0.465 mA
20
I 0.465
gm = EQ = A/V
VT 26
Vout 0.465
= −gm (Re || RL ) = × 5000 = − 89.423
Vin 26

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.29 In the given Nyquist contour the pole zero locations are indicated as shown. If the given
contour is transformed from s-plane to G(s) H(s) plane then which one of the following
is true

(a) encircles the origin in clockwise

(b) encircles the –1 + j 0 in clockwise
(c) encircles the –1 + j 0 in anticlockwise
(d) encircles the origin in anticlockwise

Ans. (b)
End of Solution

Q.30 Given op-amp circuit

R

C
R
Vi –
V0
+
2R 2C

R = 10 kΩ, C = 0.1 µF, then the 3dB cut-off frequency of op-amp circuit is ____ Hz.

Ans. (159.2)
Op-amp active filter (LPF) inverting type 3 dB cut-off frequency,

1 1 1000
fc = = −7
=
2πRC 2π × 10 × 10
4 2π
= 159.2 Hz
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.31 In the following circuit, assume that IB = 0, VBE = 0.7V for both the transistors. If Vin = 15V
(unregulated) and V0 = 9V (regulated), then the resistance R is equal to _______ Ω.
Vin = +15V V0 = 9V

1 kΩ

+3.3V R

Ans. (800)
R
9×
R + 1kΩ = 4
9R = 4R + 4 kΩ
5R = 4K
4000
R= = 800 Ω
5
End of Solution

Q.32 Consider the below figure.

1 cos(3t – 1.8 )
x(t) = 5cos3t G(s) y(t) =
10

1
G(s ) =
(s + 1) (s + α)
Find the value of α.
Ans. (4)

Given that, G (j ω) =
1 ; G(j ω) = 1
(1+ j ω) (α + j ω) (ω + 1) (ω2 + α 2 )
2

According to question,
1
G( j ω) ω=3 =
5 10
1 1
⇒ =
(ω + 1) (ω + α )
1 2 2 5 10
1 1
⇒ =
10(a + a)
2 5 10
α 2 + 9 = 25
α2 = 16
α=4
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

K (s + 1) 1
Q.33 Given: C (s ) = , G (s ) = . If steady state error for ramp input is 0.1, then
s+3 s (s + 1)

find the value of k or negative feedback unity gain system

R(s ) + C(s) G(s) Y(s)
–

Ans. (30)

K(s + 1) 1
Open loop transfer function for the system = C (s ) × G (s ) = ×
(s + 3) s(s + 1)
Since the system is type-1 so far a given unit ramp input steady state
1
ess =
KV
K K
where, KV = lim s × =
s→∞ s(s + 3) 3
1 3
So, ess = =
K /3 K
Given that, ess = 0.1
3
So, 0.1 = ⇒ K = 30
K
End of Solution

π
Q.34 If the value of current i = 10 cos 5t −  , the value of inductance L is
 4
R

+
V(t) = 200 cos 5t L
–

Ans. (2.828)
V 200∠0
Z= = = 20∠45
I 10∠ − 45
Z = 10 2 + j10 2
XL = 10 2
ω L = 10 2
10 2
L= = 2.828 H
5

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

k (s + 11)
Q.35 For given open loop transfer function G(s)H(s) = . Find value of k for which
s (s + 2)(s + 8)
system is marginally stable.

Ans. (160)
Characteristic equation q (s ) for the given open loop system will be
q (s ) = s 3 + 10s 2 + 16s + Ks + 11K = 0
Using R-H criteria,
s3 1 16 + K
2
s 10 10K
10(16 + K ) − 11K
s1 0
10
s0 11K 0
For system to be marginally stabled

10(16 + K ) − 11K
=0
10
160 + 10K – 11K = 0
K = 160
End of Solution

40 60 
Q.36 A two port network has an impedance [Z] =   , find [ZL] for maximum power
60 120 
transfer. Find ZL = ?
I2
10 Ω I1
+
+
120 V V1 Z VL ZL
–
–

Ans. (48)
From maximum power transfer theorem
ZL = Zth
Z12 − Z 21
Zth = Z 22 −
R 5 + Z11
For given data
60 × 60
Zth = 120 − = 48 Ω
10 + 40
ZL = 48Ω

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.37 Find value of Vth

2V
2Ω 4Ω
+

1A 1Ω 2A 2Ω Vth

Ans. (3.6)
By applying source transformation
1Ω 2V 2Ω 4Ω
–+

1A + 2A 2Ω
–

4Ω

1A 3Ω 2A 2Ω

4Ω

6
Ω
5
Vth
3.6 V +
–

Vth = 3.6 V

Vth = 3.6 V

End of Solution

Q.38 Find the value of Io

+
120∠–90° Z
–
Io
Z = 80 – 35j
–
120∠–30° Z
+

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. (143.7)
I1
+
120∠–90° Z
–
Z = 80 – j 35
I0
–
120∠–30° Z
+ I2

I0 = [I1 + I2]

120∠ − 90° 120∠ − 30° 

I0 =  +
 80 − j 35 80 − j 35 

I0 = 2.38 ∠143.7°
End of Solution

3λ
Q.39 In a transmission line given Z0 = 50, ZL = 400, l = , find Zin
4

Ans. (6.25)
l = 3λ/4

Zo = 50 Ω ZL = 400 Ω

Zin

Zin for (l = λ/4) =

Z02 502 25
= = = 6.25 Ω
ZL 400 4
End of Solution

Q.40 For the given characteristic equation

Q (s) = s3 + 3s2 + (K + 2)s + 3K = 0
The root locus plot will have breakaway or break-in point in the region.
(a) (0, –1) (b) (–1, –3)
(c) (–∞, –3) (d) None of these

Ans. (a)
Q(s) = 1 + G(s ) H(s ) = 0
s3 + 3s2 + 2s + ks + 3k = 0
s 3 + 3s 2 + 2s
–k =
s +3

dk (s + 3)(3s 2 + 6s + 2) − (s 3 + 3s 2 + 2s)
− = =0
ds (s + 3)2

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

3s3 + 6s2 + 2s + 9s2 + 18s + 6 – s3 – 3s2 – 2s = 0

2s3 + 12s2 + 18s + 6 = 0
s = –0.46, –3.87, –1.65
Im

–3 –2 –1 0 Re

–0.46

End of Solution

d 2y dy
Q.41 −6 + 9 = 0 . Find the solution of differential equation
d x2 dx
(a) (C 1 + C 2 x)e 3x (b) (C 1 + C 2 x)e –3x
(c) C 1 e 3x (d) None of these

Ans. (a)

End of Solution

Q.42 In sequential circuit, the maximum clock frequency at which given circuit can operate
reliably?

FF1 tpd = 2 ns
tpd = 2 ns
tpd = 3 ns
tsetup = 5 ns
CLK thold = 1 ns

IN
FF2

tpd = 8 ns
tsetup = 4 ns
thold = 3 ns

Ans. (76.92)
Total propagation delay = (tpd + tset-up)max = 8ns = 5 ns = 13 ns

1000
∴ Frequency of operations = MHz = 76.92 MHz
13

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

2
−1/1 + y
Q.43 f (x, y, z) = e (1 – x cos y ) + xze partial differentiation of f (x, y, z ) with respect to x
at point (1, 0, e ) will be

Ans. (0)
End of Solution

Q.44 f (x2 + x2) ≥ f (x1) + f (x2)

1
(a) (b) square root of x
x
(c) e x (d) e –x

Ans. (c)
Verify with options
1 1 1
Option (a): ≥ +
x1 + x2 x1 x2
1 1 1
≥ +
2+3 2 3
1 5
≥
5 6
0.2 ≥ 0.8 which is wrong.

Option (b): x1 + x2 ≥ x1 + x2

2+3 ≥ 2+ 3
5 ≥ 1.414 + 1.732
2.23 ≥ 3.146 which is wrong.

e x1 + x2 ≥ e 1 + e 2
x x
Option (c):
e1 + 2 ≥ e1 + e2
20.085 ≥ 2.718 + 7.389 Satisfying.
End of Solution

Q.45 ∫ ∫ ∫ xd x dydz
s

y
0 1

x 3

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Ans. (9/4)
x : 0 to 3
y : 0 to 1
z : 0 to 1 – y
1 1− y 3
= ∫ ∫ ∫ x d x dy dz
y =0z =0x =0

1 1− y  2 3
x
= ∫ ∫   dz dy
y=0 0  2 0
1
9 1− y
= ∫ 2 (z )0 dy
0
1
9 y2 
1
9
2 ∫0
= (1 − y ) dy =  y − 
2  2 
0

9  1 9
1− =
=
2  2  4

End of Solution

 y < 7
Q.46 If x is having uniform distribution between [– 2, 10] and y = 2x – 6 then P  
 x > 5

Ans. (0.3)
x follows uniform distribution over [–2, 10]

∴
1 1 1
f (x) = = =
b − a 10 − (−2) 12
Given: y = 2x – 6
y +6
⇒ x=
2
For y = 7
7 + 6 13
x= = = 6.5
2 2
y < 7  x < 6.5  P[x > 5 and x < 6.5]
P  = P  =
 x > 5  x<5  P[x > 5]
6.5 6.5
1
P [5 < x < 6.5]
∫ f ( x) d x ∫ 12 d x
= = 5
= 5
P [ x > 5] 10 10
1
∫ f ( x)d x ∫ 12 d x
5 5

( x)6.5 1.5
= 5
= = 0.3
( x)10
5 5

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

dy
Q.47 = (y − 1) x solution of equation satisfies.
dx

(a) ln y − 1 = 0.5x 2 + c and y = – 1 (b) ln y − 1 = 2x 2 + c and y = 1

(c) ln y − 1 = 0.5x2 + c and y = 1 (d) ln y − 1 = 2x 2 + c and y = –1

Ans. (a)

dy
Given differential equation: = (y − 1) x
dx
By variable separable method:
dy
∫ y − 1 = ∫ xd x
x2
ln y − 1 = +c (where y ≠ 1)
2
Thus, solution is valid for y ≠ 1.
End of Solution

Q.48 Two sides of a fair coin are labelled as 0 and 1. The coin is tossed two times independently.
Let M and N denote lables corresponding to the outcomes of those process for random
variable X, where X = min(M, N ), E (X ) = _______.

Ans. (0.25)
s = {( H, H), (H, T), (T, H), (T, T)}
 1 1 0 0
M=   of first toss
H H T T 
H T H T 
N=   of second toss
 1 0 1 0
Now, X = Min {M, N }
∴ X = Min {H, H} = Min{(1, 1)} = 1
X = Min {H, T} = Min{1, 0} = 0
X = Min{T, H} = Min{0, 1} = 0
X = Min{T, T} = Min{0, 0} = 0
1 3
∴ P (X = 1) = , P (X = 0) =
4 4
We know that, E (X ) = ∑ X i P ( xi )
i

1 3 1
= 1× + 0 × = = 0.25
4 4 4
End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.49 In a digital communication system, 4 symbols are transmitted (s1 = –3, s2 = –1, s3 = 1,
s4 = 2) through an AWGN channel. The variable at the input of decision device is si + W,
where W is a Gaussian random variable with mean zero and unit variance. ML decoding
is used. The conditional error probability when symbol si is transmitted is Pi. The value
of “i ” that result in maximum Pi is _____.

Ans. (3)
Since the noise variable is Gaussian with zero mean and ML decoding is used, the
decision boundary between two adjacent signal points will be their arithmetic mean.
In the following graphs, the shaded area indicates the conditional probability of decoding
a symbol correctly when it is transmitted.

P1 = 1 – (shaded area)

–3 –1 +1 +2
–2

P2 = 1 – (shaded area)

–3 –1 +1 +2
–2 0

P3 = 1 – (shaded area)

+2 +1 –1 0 +1
1.5

P4 = 1 – (shaded area)

+2 +1 –1 +1 1.5
2

By comparing the above graphs, we can conclude that P3 is larger among the four.

End of Solution

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 Memory Based Questions of GATE 2020
Electronics and Comm. Engg. | Afternoon Session

Q.50 V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6 six vector in R 4 which of the following statements is false?
(a) Any 4 base for R 4
(b) If V1, V3, V5, V7 span R4 then it forms a basis of R4
(c) These vectors are not linearly independent
(d) It is not necessary that vector span R 4

Ans. (a)
End of Solution

Q.51 In 8085 microprocessor to access a memory of 16 kB number of address lines required

is ____.

Ans. (14)
2n = N
n → Number of address lines
N → Number of Memory locations
∴ 2n = 16 kB
= 24 (210) [∵ 1 kB = 210]
= 214
n = 14
End of Solution

„„„„

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