( Reaffirmed 1997 )

IS:4606 - 1983

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
STEEL SHOT FOR USE IN FOUNDRIES

( First Revision )

Foundry Sectional Committee, SMDC 17

Chairman Representzng
DR S. S. KHANNA National Institute of Foundry & Forge Technology,
Ranchi

Members
SBRI M. M. C. AGRAW.~L Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd, Ranchi
SHRI A. K. BANERJEE ( Alternate )
SHRI A. K. AWASTH~ Steel Authority of India Ltd, Bokaro Steel Plant,
Bokaro
SHRI K. A. GANDIU HMT Ltd, Bangalore
SKRI SAN,JIT S~ZN( Alternate I )
&RI A. SRANTRARAM ( Alternate II )
SHRI R. M. GORANE Kirlsskar Brothers, Punt
SHRI D. M. DABA~ ( Alternate )
SHRI P. L. JAIN Nati~a;l&xtitute of Foundry si Forge ‘I‘echnology,

SHRI K. KISHORIZ ( Alternate I

SHRI L. M. JOSHT ’ DCM Ltd, Delhi
DR V. P. GUPTA ( Alternate)
SIiR1 K. S. LAL Indian Iron & Steel Co Ltd, Calcutta
SHRI R. N. MUZ~HERJEE( Alternate )
SHRI K. N. MEHXA Cooper Engineering Ltd, Satara
SHHI M. L. NAVARE Versatile Engineers, Kolhapur
SHRI SUBHASH KUTXARNI ( Alternate )
Srrm N. V. PANDIT M. M. Suri & Associates (P) Ltd, New Delhi
SHRI THOMAS PAW, Pioneer Equipment
_ . Co Pvt Ltd, Vadodara
S~nr C. BHASKARAN ( Az’ternate )
SHRI G. N. RAO National Metallurgical Laboratory ( CSIR ),
Jamshedpur
SHRI P. P. RASTOCI Steel Authority of India Ltd, Rourkela Steel Plant,
Rourkela
SBRI S. CHAUB~:Y ( Alternate )
SHRI R.N. S~HA Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals
( Inspection Wing ), New Delhi
SHR I DAIIBARA SINGH ( Altermte )
( Continued on page 2 )
I
@ Copyright 1983
INDIAN STANDARDS INSTITUTION
This publication is protected under the Indian Copvrighr Act ( XIV of 1957 ) and
reproduction in whole or in part by any means except with written permission of the
publisher shall be deemed to be an infringement of copyright under the said Act.
IS :4606-1983
(Continuedfiom page 1)
Members Representing
SHHI Ui SEN Directorate General of Technical Development,
New Delhi
SHRI Y. H. RAUT ( Alternate )
SENIOR CHEMIST & METALLURGIST Ministry of Railways
CLW, CHITTARANJAN
CHEMIST & METALLURQIST
(SF) CLW, CHITTARANJAN ( Alternate, 1 )
CHEMIST & METALLURGIST NF
RLY. NEW BONGAIQAON ( Alternate II )
SHR~ V. P. SHENOY Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Lrd,
Jamshedpur
SHRI A. BHATTACHARJEE ( Alternate )
SHRI V. N. SUNDEI~AJAN M. N. Dastur & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SRRI S. THIYAGARAJAN Southern Alloy Foundries Pvt Ltd, Madras
SHRI A. ~HANGAVELU ( Alternate )
SHRI V. N. UPADHAYAYA Federation of Engineering Industries of India,
New Delhi
SHRI H. L. BHARDWAJ ( Alternate )
SHRT T. S. VENKOBA RAO Ennore Foundries Ltd, Madras
SHRI K. V. XAMAKRISHNAN ( Alternate )
SHR~ C. R. RAMA RAO, Director General, IS1 ( Ex-o$cio Member )
Director ( Strut & Met )
Secretary
SHRI S. K. GUPTA
Assistant Director ( Metals ), ISI

Foundry Auxiliary Materials Subcommittee, SMDC 17 : 5

Convener
DR V. P. GUPTA DCM Engineering Products, Ropar
Members
SHRI P. D. BAJORIA J. D. Jones & Co Ltd, Calcutta
SRRI H. N. SEN ( Alternate )
SHRI A. BHATTACHAI~JF,E Tata Engineering & Locomotive Co Ltd, Jamshedpur
SHRI V. MANNI~GE ( Alternate )
SHRI K. A. GANDHI HMT Ltd, Bangalore
SHRI SANJIT SEX ( lih7Z&? I )
SHRI A. SHANTHARAM ( Alternate 11 )
SHHI P. M. GO:<HALE Premier Automobiles Ltd, Bombay
SHRI K. KISHORE Nati;z4&;titute of Foundry & Forge Technology,

DR K. S. MURTHY Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

SHRI T. RANGANATHAN Indian Vegetable Products, Bombay
SRRI S. V. MANIAR ( Alternate )
SHRI S. C. RASTOGI Heavy Engineering Corporation Ltd. Ranchi
SHRI M. MOHAN ( Alternate )
SBRI D. SITARAMIAH Greaves Foseco Ltd, Bombay
SHRI S. SEETHARAMAN ( Alternate )
SHRI T. S. VXNKOBA RAO &more Foundries Ltd, Madras
SHRI K. CH~NNATHAMRI ( Alternate )

2
 IS : 4606 - 1983

Indian Standard
SPECIFICATION FOR
STEEL SHOT FOR USE IN FOUNDRIES
( First Revision )

0. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standards Institution on 21 February 1983, after the draft finalized by
the Foundry Sectional Committee had been approved by the Structural
and Metals Division Council.

0.2 This standard was first published in 1968. While reviewing this
standard, in the light of the experiences gained during these years, the
Committee decided to bring it in line with the other Indian Standards in
the series of specifications for abrasives for use in foundries.

0.3 This standard is one in the series of specifications for abrasives for
use in foundries in shot blasting machines for cleaning of castings.
Other standards are IS : 4683-1968*, IS : 5873-19707 and IS : 9139-
19792. \

0.4 In the preparation of this standard, considerable assistance has been

derived from B.S.C.R.A specification No. 1 ‘Specification for steel shot for
use in steel foundry blast cleaning Drocess’, issued by the British Steel
Castings Research Association, Sheffield ( UK ).

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of

this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated
expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord-
ance with IS : 2-1960s. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this
standard.

*Specification for chilled iron shot and grit for use in foundries.
fSpecification for steel, cut-wire shots for use in foundries.
$3pecification for malleable iron shots and grits for use in foundries.
§Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).

3
IS:4606 - 1983

1. SCOPE

1.1 This standard covers the requirements for steel shot abrasives for use
in foundries as shot blasting machine abrasive.
2. DESIGNATION AND GRADING

2.1 Steel shot shall be designated as S-S and graded by the shot number
which represents the aperture size of the retaining screen in thousandths
of a millimetre ( see Table 1 ).

3. SUPPLY OF MATERIAL

3.1 General requirements relating to the supply of steel shot shall be as

laid down in IS : 1387-1967”.
4. MATERIAL

4.1 The steel shots shall be manufactured by atomizing molten steel into
random sizes of steel using a suitable heat treatment procedure.

5. SHAPE
5.1 The steel shots shall as far as practicable be spherical and solid and
shall not contain more than 5 percent of tails and irregular steel shots.

6. SIZE

6.1 ‘The shot size shall be determined by testing with sieves complying
with IS : 460 ( Part I )-19781_. The proportions retained and passed
shall comply with the requirements given in Table 1 for each grade
of material.

EXAMPLE - In case of Shot Grade S-S 1180, the whole sample passes
through 2.00 mm IS Sieve. At most 5 percent is retained on
I.70 mm IS Sieve. At least 80 percent is retained on 1.18 mm IS
Sieve. At most 11 percent passes through 1.00 mm IS Sieve and at
most 4 percent is retained on pan.

7. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

7.1 The material shall have the followi,ng composition:

Constituent Percent
Carbon 0.6 to 1.25
Silicon 0.2 to 1.1
Manganese, Max 1.25
Sulphur, Max O-08
Phosphorus, Max 0.08

*General requirements for the supply of metallurgical material (,l;rst revision ).

$Specification for test sieves : Part I Wire cloth test sieves ( second revision ).
4
 TABLE 1 SIEVE ANALYSIS OF STEEL SHOT
( Clauses 2.1, 6.1 and8.1.1 )

DESICJN.\TI~N
ApIzRTu~tE r _______ _ ___ ______ __A___-- -----------.- ---.
mm s-s 2000 s-s 1700 S-S 1400 S-S 1180 s-s 1000 S-S 850 S-S 710 S-S 600 s-s 415

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) i8) (9 (10) (11)

2’30-mm 2.80 ‘411 pass - - - - -- __ -

2’36-mm 2’36 - All pass - - - - - -
2’00-mm 2’00 85 Min - All pass All pass -

l-70-mm 1.70 12 Max 85 Min - 5 Max All pass -

1 %-mm 1.40 - 12 Ma.u 85 Min - 5 Max All pass -
1*18-mm 1.18 - - 12 Max 80 Min - 5 Max All pass -
I’OO-mm I.00 - 11 Max 80 Min - 5 Max All pass -
850~pm 0.850 - - 11 n4a.x 80 Min - 10 Max All pass
7lO+m 0.710 - - - 11 Max 80 Min - 10 Max
600~ym 0.600 - - - - - - 11 Max 75 Min -

500~pm 0.500 - - - - - - - 12 Max -

424~+rn 0.425 - - - 75 Min

355-pm 0.355 - -- - - - - - 12 Max
Pan 3 Max 3 hfax 3 Max 4 Max 4 Max 4 Max 4 Max 3 Max 3 Max

NOTE 1 - All figures given under the coIumm, heading shot number refer to percentage retained.
t:
NOTE 2 - When IS Sievts are not available, equivalent BS or ASTM Sieves specified in Appendix A may be used. ..

-- $
I
5;
g
 IS : 4606 - 1983

7.2 The chemical composition shall be determined either by the methods.

specified in IS : 228 ( Part I )-1972*, IS : 228 ( Part II )-19727, IS : 228
( Part II I )-1972$, IS : 228 ( Part IV )-1974$, IS : 228 ( Part VIII )-I97511
and IS : 228 ( Part IX )-19757 or any other established instrumental/’
chemical method. In case of dispute the procedure in the latest edition
of the relevant part of IS : 228** for chemical analysis shall be the
referee method.

8. HARDNESS

8.1 The average hardness of cast steel shots shall be within the
limits 400-500 HV with the lowest and the highest individual hardness,
ranging from 375-550 HV.

8.1.1 In obtaining hardness values, at least 175 steel shots taken from
the representative sample ( see 13.1 ) shall be mounted in plastic, ground
and polished. A minimum of 20 hardness reading shall be taken at
random in accordance with the method given in IS : 1501-196877. A
5-kg load is suitable for all size grades given in Table 1. A lo-kg load is
suitable for the larger sizes only.

9. MICROSTRUCTURE

9.1 Steel shots, when examined under microscope at a magnification of

500 X, shall reveal tempered martensite structure. The presence of
graphite and free ferrite or excessive hyper-eutectoid carbides shall be
considered unsatisfactory. The hyper-eutectoid carbides shall not be more
than 15 percent. The abrasives shall be taken as not complying with this
standard if over 15 percent of the steel shots have unsatisfactory micro-
structure.

9.1.1 The sample in the plastic mount used for the hardness test
( see 8.1.1) shall be polished and etched for micro examination.

*Methods of chemical analysis of steel : Part I Determination of carbon by

volumetric method ( for carbon > 0.1 percent ) ( second revision ).
TMethods of chemical analysis of steel : Part II Determination of manganese in
plain carbon and low alloy steels by arsenite method ( second revision ).
fMethods of chemical analysis of steel : Part III Determination of phosphorus by
alkalimetric method ( second revision ).
§Methods of chemical analysis of steel : Part IV Determination of carbon by
gravimetric method ( for carbon 2 0.1 percent ) ( second revision ).
I/Methods of chemical analysis of steel : Part VIII Determination of silicon by the
gravimetric met hod ( for silicon 2 0.1 percent ) ( second revision ).
YMethods of chemical analysis of steel : Part IX Determination of sulphur in plain
carbomsteels by evolution method ( second recision ).
**Methods of chemical analysis of steel.
itMethod for Vickers hardness test for steel (Jirst revision ).

6
 IS : 4606 - 1983

10. DENSITY
10.1 Density of steel shots shall not be less than 7 g/ml nor contain more
than 10 percent hollow shots. The method for determining the density
may be the displacement method or on actual count of hollow shots in a
mounted polished specimen.

11. SOUNDNESS
11.1 Steel shots shall be free from slag and for grades below S-S 1180 the
number containing voids* or large cracks shall not exceed 10 percent of
the steel shots exposed on the plastic mount for hardness and microexami-
nation. For grades S-S 1180 and larger, the permissible number of
defective steel shots shall be 15 percent.

12. GENERAL APPEARANCE AND FREEDOM FROM FOREIGN

MATTER

12.1 Steel shots shall be as nearly spherical as is commercially possible

with a minimum of elongated or compound shots, tails, hollows and
broken pieces, and shall be free from foreign matter. The maximum
content of foreign matter shall not exceed one percent of the weight of
the sample taken.

13. SAMPLING
13.1 Representative samples drawn and criteria for conformity for various
requirements shall be as given in Appendix B.

14. RETEST
14.1 If the sample selected fails to meet the requirements given
under 5, 6, 7, 6, 9, 10, 11 and 12, two further samples shall be taken for
each retest, Should the two retests satisfy the requirements of this standard
the lot shall be accepted. ,Should either of the samples fail, the material
shall be taken as not complying with the requirements of this standard.

15. PACKING
15.1 Unless otherwise specified the material shall be supplied in water-
proof double gunny bags or polyethylene lined gunny bags each
containing 50 kg.
16. MARKING
16.1 Each container shall be clearly marked with the following informa-
tion:
a) Manufacturer’s name or trade-mark, and
b) Size de>ignation of the material.

‘A cavity covering an area greater than about one-tenth of that of the section of
particle exposed.
7
IS :4606 - 1983

16.1.1 The material may also be marked with the IS1 Certification
Mark.
NOTE - The use of the IS1 Certification Mark is governed by the provisions of
the Indian Standards Institution ( Certification Marks ) Act, and the Rules and Regu-
lations made thereunder. The IS1 Mark on products covered by an Indian Standard
conveys the assurance that they have been produced to comply with the require-
ments of that standard under a well-defined system of inspection, testing and quality
control which is devised and supervised by IS1 and operated by the producer. ISE
marked products are also continuously checked by IS1 for conformity to that
standard as a further safeguard. Details of conditions under which a licence for the
use of the IS1 Certification Mark may be granted to manufacturers or processors,
may be obtained from the Indian Standards Institution.

APPENDIX A
( Note 2 in Table 1 )
COMPARATIVE SIEVE DESIGNATIONS OF IS, BS AND
ASTM SIEVES

IS SIEVES BS SIEVES US STANDARD SIEVE

MESH No. ( ASTM SIEVE )

2*80-mm 6 2’83 mm (7)

2*36-mm 7 2.38 mm (8)

2.00-mm 8 2’00 mm (10)

1*70-mm 10 1’68 mm (12)

l-40-mm 12 1.41 mm (14)
l-18-mm 14 1.19 mm (16)

1‘OO-mm 16 1.00 mm (18)

850-pm 18 841 pm (20)

710-pm 22 707 pm (25)

600-pm 25 595 pm (30)
500-pm 30 500 pm (35).

425-pm 36 420 pm (40)

355-pm 44 354 pm (45)

8
 IS:4606 -1983

APPENDIX B
( Clause 13.1 )
SAMPLING AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

B-l. LOT
B-l.1 In any consignment, all the containers containing material of the
same quality grade and manufactured under similar conditions of manu-
facture shall be grouped together to constitute a lot.
B-1.1.1 Sarnples shall be taken and tested from each lot for ascertaining
the conformity.

B-2. SCALE OF SAMPLING

B-2.1 The number of containers, to be selected, shall be according to
co1 1 and 2 of Table 2.

TABLE 2 SCALE OF SAMPLING

No. IJI? COKT~UNERSTO NO. OF CONT.UNERS

BE IN THE LOT ‘TOBE SELECTED
N n

(1) (2)

up to 100 5
101 to 300 8
301 to 500 13
501 and above 20

B-2.1.1 The containers shall be selected at random. For this purpose,

the provisions given in IS : 4905-1968” shall be used.

B-3. PREPARATION OF TEST SAMPLES

B-3.1 From each of the selected containers, as in co1 1 and 2 of
Table 2, with the help of a suitable sampling instrument, 0.5 kg material
shall be taken. This material shall be taken from the top, centre and
bottom of each selected containers. S amples taken from each container
shall be mixed to form a composite sample. By successive coning and
quartering division method the composite sample shall be reduced to
give a final test sample Of 300 g. The sample, thus obtained shall be
divided into three equal portions, one for the purchaser, the second for
the manufacturer and the third shall be kept as a referee sample.

*Methods for random sampling.

9
IS:4696-1983

B-4. NUMBER OF TESTS AND CRITERIA FOR CONFORMITY

B-4.1 The sample prepared as per B-3.1 shall be used to test chemical
analysis, size, hardness and microstructure characteristics.
B-4.2 If the sample fails to meet any one of the relevant requirements
( see B-4.1 ) two further samples shall be taken and tested for the require-
ment in which the sample has failed. If the material tested conforms
to the relevant requirement while retesting two samples, the lot shall be
declared as conforming to the specification, otherwise not.

10
 mI AMENDMENTNO. 1
TO
OCTOBEE1985

IS:4606-1'233 FOR
SPECIFICATION STEEL SHOT FOR
USE IN FOUNDRIES

(First Revision)

(Pages 3 and IO, ckzuses B-3.2 and B-4.1 ) -

Substitute the following for the existing clauses:

'E-3.1 From each of the selected containers as in

Column 1 and Column 2 of Table 2, with the help of
a suitable sampling instrument, draw 1 kg material if
the number of sample containers is less than or equal
to 8 and 0.5 kg material when the number of sample
containers is greater than or equal to 13. This
. material shall be taken from the top, centre or bottom
of each selected containers. Samples taken from all
the selected containers shall be mixed to form a
composite sample. From this, 4 kg shall be kept apart
as size sample for size analysis and rest of the
composite sample shall be reduced by successive coning
and quartwine; division method to give a final sample
of 300 g. This final sample shall be divided into three
equal portions, one for the purchaser, the second for
the manufacturer and the third shall be kept as a refree
sample.

B-4.1 The size sample collected as per B-3.1 shall be

used for size analysis and the test sample shall beused
for chanical analysis, hardness and microstructure
characteristics.'

Reprography Unit, ISI, New Delhi, India