Use of All Basic Controls@

COMPUTER PROGRAM
Computer programs are of two categories

(1)Packaged programs
(2)Custom Programs are usually designed for a specific purpose within a
particular organization.
The main difference between packaged program and custom program is
that a custom program can be modified as per the change in requirement but
packaged programs generally cannot be modified by the users.
Visual Basic is a descendant of BASIC.
BASIC (Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)
VB is the Visual version of basic.
VB is also referred to as a Rapid Application Development (RAD) tool.
CREATING PROGRAM’S USER INTERFACE

A programs user interface means part(s) of the program that the user
sees and communicate with.
When you want to create any program is VB, start with creating a new
project. In VB, each and every system that you create is known as a project.
A project is a set of files that stores information about the components
that make up an appointment program.
On starting visual basic a new project window will appear.
New project dialogbox has following three tabs:
New: Allows to choose one of the several types of project to create.
Existing: Allow to open an exsiting project that is already created and saved.
Recent: Gives the list of projects that have been worked on previously.
This window shows types of projects that can be made in VB.
After that by clicking OK, VB’s design environment will be displayed.
Initially VB displays word “design” in the task bar, it indicates that you
are in design made.
When you run your program, VB will be in the Run mode.
VB applications are comprised of one or more components such as
forms, code modules and classes, controls and other components.
VB building Components
(1) Forms
(2) Controls
(3) Properties
Forms and controls are the components that users see and interact with,
so these objects are collecting known as program’s visual component.
And the program code that the program creates is known as program’s
code component.
(1) FORMS
A form is a container that holds all the other controls like text boxes,
pictures etc that make up part of a program’s user interface.
Program can have single or multiple forms. It is possible to create VB
program that contains no forms at all.
The design time form contains a grid of dots that allows to line up
controls easily on the form. Behavior of the design grid can be controlled
through the options dialog box(Tool menu, options). Using options dialog box
size of the grid can be changed or if can be turned off completely. Automatic
alignment of controls to grid can also be turn on / off from options dialog box.
Functions of forms
(1) Forms represent program’s user interface.
(2) Forms are the containers for the controls that users works with like text
box, buttons etc.
(3) Program code related to all the objects on a particular form is stored as a
part of form its if.
CONTROLS
Visual Basic controls are objects designed to perform specific tasks.
Controls have associated properties, events and methods.
Control is just like a mini program that performs certain tasks for you.
Controls are prepackaged objects that perform specific tasks. Ex. If you assign
20 size of the text of text box the it will display character of size 20 only for
that a text box contains inter code that allows to perform the task.
Toolbox for common controls is displays in left pane of the screen.
PROPERTIES
A property is an adjective that describes one specific thing about an
object. By changing value of one or more property, object’s appearance can be
customized.
Form appears as a rectangular window on screen. This window’s
appearance can be defined by form properties, like position of form on screen,
size of form by width and height properties, content of title bar by caption
property. Using some properties it can also be specified that which control
buttons will appear in title bar.
When any form is saved as a part of a project, VB creates a text file with
an FRM extension. This file stores information about form, its properties
objects of the form, objects properties and program code that is generated for
that form.
Common Properties
- Name
- Index
- Left
- Top
- Height
- Width
- Enabled
- Visible
CONTROLS
(1) Label Control
A label control is used to display text to the user. This control is
typically used to identify input areas directly to right or below the label.
Common properties of label : font, fore color, height
(0) Appearance : O-flat / 1-3D
(1) Alignment : To align text left, right / center within the label.
(2) Auto size : This property will automatically size (True/ false) the
control to the height and width of the text that is displayed in it. (0
None, 1 fixed size)
(3) Border style : displays border around the label
(4) Caption : display text inside the label.
(5) Name : To identify the name of the control.
(6) Visible : Indicates whether the control is visible True/False.
(7) Word Wrap : It set to true, this property or not allows True/False the
caption to wrap to another line.
(2) Text Box Control

A text box control is used to retrieve information from the user when
any new textbox is added in the form it’s name and text property is set to
“taxation”.
Common text box properties
(1) Enabled : True : The user may type text into the text box.
False: The user will not be able to type text in text box or more
the cursor into the textbox. The control will be grayed.
(2) Locked : True : User may move cursor into the textbox but will not be able
to change any of the characters. The textbox will not be grayed.
(3) Maxlength:To set the maximum number of characters the user will be
allowed to type in the text box. If it is, set to 0, any number of
characters up to 2,048 can be entered. If multiline property is
true then up to 32kb text may be input.
(4) Multi line : True : The user may scroll the text box up and down but
not left and right.
(5) Name : To assign name to the control, to be referred to in code.
(6) Scroll bar : To display horizontal or vertical or both scroll bars on the
text box. Typically used with multi line property.
(7) Tab Index : It is set to the number that reflects the order in which you
want to have your users tab through all the controls on the
form.
(8) Tab stop : True : Textbox control gets focus as the user tabs thru
controls on the form.
False : Text box will not focus thru tab but can be focused
using mouse.
(9) Tool Tip Text : Textual value of this property will be displayed as a tool
tip when user keeps cursor over the textbox for a few
seconds.
(10) Visible : Indicates whether the control is visible or not.
(3) Command Button Controls

A command button control is used to perform some action on a form.
User can click command button with the mouse or tab to it and press spacebar.
When command button is clicked, it will generate an event programmer can
write code in that event to perform an appropriate action.
Common properties
(1) Cancel : If it is true, then it generates its click event when ESC key is
pressed only one command button on a form may have this
property set to true.
(2) Caption : The text in this property is displayed on the command button. If
and is placed before any letter in caption, that letter will have
underline and user can press Alt + that letter to have click event
of that button.
(3) Default : True : When user presses Enter key then click event will be tired.
Only one command button on the form may have this property set
to True.
(4) Enabled : True – user is able to click on button false user is not to click on
button is grayed.
(5) Cause Validation : True : This cause validate event on other controls to
occur. It not is numeric (Text 1) Then MsgBox
“Please enter another”
(6) Name : To assign name, that is used to refer to the command button in
your code.
(7) Style : 0 – standard – to display text on button
1 – Graphical – to display a picture on the command button.
(8) Picture : Can be set to a bitamp, GIF / JPEG file if you want to display
picture on the command button instead of the text in the caption.
(4) Option Button Control

An option button / radio button is used to create manually exclusive
options.
Ex : If users wants to design system for online shopping and in that payment
mode field will be there,
- by credit card
- direct transfer
- by debit card
At a time, user should be allowed to select only on options from given options.
It more than one group of option buttons are need to added then group
options buttons by placing each group in separate frames.
Common Option button properties
(1) Alignment : Right justify Option button will appears on the right side
to text left justify option button will appear on the left side
of text.
(2) Name : Set this property to the name you want to use in code
preface name with option.
(3) Caption : Set this property to the text that you want to display with
the option button.
(4) Style : 0 – standard – To display text beside the option button.
1 – graphical – To display a picture beside the option
button.
(5) Picture: This property can be set to a bitmap GIF or JPEG file. The
selected picture will be displayed beside the option button
instead of text.
(6) Value: If it is set to true, the option button is selected by default.
Only one option button in a group can have, true value.
(5) Check Box Control:

A checkbox allows the user to select one or more choices from a list of
values. These choices are not manually exclusive, user can select multiple
values at a time.
Common Checkbox Properties:
(1) Name
(2) Caption
(3) Alignment
(4) Picture
(5) Style
(6) Value  0 – Unchecked
1 – Checked
2 – Grayed means checkbox is not available.
Frame Control:
The frame control allows to insert a group of controls into a box and add
a caption to describe the purpose of these controls. It’s a contain into a frame,
those controls can be identified as part of a group.
[ A container control is any control that acts as a parent to all the
controls within it].
Common Properties:
(1) Caption : Set this property to the value you want to display on the top-left
side of the frame.
(2) Enabled: If it is set to false so all the controls in the frame are disabled.
(3) Visible : If it is false then all the controls in the frame will become
invisible.
(4) Border style - 0 - None – No border
1 – Fixed single
If border style is set to none then no border is displayed and the caption
is also not displayed because it is also a part of the border.
If you change the control on the frame that are already on the form then
those controls are not contained by the frame.
Controls cannot be moved in or out of the frame by change & chop
method.
To move the control from other part of the form into the frame, cut that
control and paste it in the frame.
List Box control:
A list box control is used to provide a list of items to user form which user can
make choice. User can make selection only from the available items. New
items can not be added by the user.
When it is added to a form, it will look as it is shown in the figure. A vertical

scrollbar is added to listbox automatically when more items are added to it.
Properties:
List property is used to add the items to the listbox at design time. It’s an
array of items added to the list box control.
Name property is used to assign meaningful name to the listbox control.
Preface the name with ‘lst’.
Columns property is used to display list items in more than one columns to
avoid vertical scrollbar. It’s default value is zero. Set this property to a value
greater than zero to create more columns.
Sorted property: Set it to true to display list items in a sorted order. If it is

false then items will be displayed in an order in which they are added to the
listbox.
MultiSelect Property :
0 – None : User is allowed to select only one of the available items at a time.
1 – Simple : User can select multiple items at a time through mouse clicks.
2 – Extended : After first selection user has to hold down Ctrl key for more
selection. Shift key can also be used to select all items between the first
selection and last selection
IntergalHeight Property: If it is true, the listbox calculates the number of
rows it can display and keeps the height of listbox so it can display only full
rows of data without cutting a row in half. If it is set to false, the list box can be
set to any size of your choice.
Style Property :
0- Standard
1- Checkbox.
Example:
Combo Box Control:

Combo box is a combination of a text box and a list box. It also gives
list of items to user from which user can do selection. The list of items will be
displayed in a drop down box when user clicks on the combo box. User can
also type the new item that is not available in the list.
Properties:
List property is used to add the items to the combo box at design time. It’s an
array of items added to the combo box control.
Name property is used to assign meaningful name to the combo box control.
Preface the name with ‘cbo’.
Sorted property: Set it to true to display list items in a sorted order. If it is
false then items will be displayed in an order in which they are added to the
combo box.
IntergalHeight Property: If it is true, the combo box calculates the number of
rows it can display and adjusts the height of combo box so it can display only
full rows of data without cutting a row in half. If it is set to false, the combo
box can be set to any size of your choice.
Style Property:
0 – DropDown Combo:
With this style, user can either type text into the text portion of
the combo box or select a value from the drop down list.
1 – Simple Combo:
This style will not give list of items as a drop down list but it
provides it in form of list box only. This will require more space
on the form.
2 – DropDown List:
This style allows to select item only from the available list. It
does not allow to type any text in the text portion.
Timer Control :
The timer control works like a stopwatch or an alarm clock. It executes
code written in it’s timer event, when the specified interval is complete. It
counts down repeatedly as long as the enabled property is set to true.
Properties:
(1) Enabled: True then timer control enabled of the code in the timer event is
executed at the end of the time specified in interval property.
(2) Interval: Set this property to any value between zero & 65,635. If it is set
to zero then timer control is disabled. Time can be specified in
milliseconds.
Ex:-
Private Sub Timer1_timer( )
Picture. Left = Picture1.left + 100
If picture. left > Form1.width
Then picture. left = 0
End sub.
In VB, two control are available to display picture on the form. Image
control & Picture box control.
Image Control:
This control allows to display picture of the form, that can be placed
anywhere on the form. To display image within image control, picture property
is used.
Another important property of image control stretch.
If stretch-false the image control is automatically resized to fit the
picture within it . If it is set to true, the picture is automatically resized so that
the entire picture fits with in image control’s boundaries.
Picture Control:
It can be used as a container for other controls. Controls within a group
can be treated as a group. It will more or resize with from.
The main difference between picture box & image control is that the
picture doesn’t allow resizing of the picture. It shoes only as much of a picture
as if can fit in its current bound.
Authorize  True – Resize the picture box so it can fir the entire picture with
if.
Align  More /Align left / Align Right / Align Top / Align Bottom. To make
picture control align or not align to the sides of from.
Responding To The User With Event Procedure:

Visual basic is an event driver programming means the flow of program
execution is controlled by the events that occur as the program is running.
Most of the events are generated by actions initiated by the users. Some
events are invoked by other objects or by program it self.
Program events can be triggered by actions such as the user clicking a
mouse button, pressing a key, moving the mouse, changing value of
information in a control or switching to another window in the program.
Set the name property of all controls prior to writing source code of
them. Event procedures are bits of code that ran when something happens, to a
form or control. An event procedure must be defined in a very specific format.
Common Events:
(1) Click : This event occurs when users clicks a particular control of form.
(2) Change: This event occurs when data in a text box or a combo box is
changes.
(3) DblClick: When user double clicks a control or a form.
(4) Gotfocus: This event happens as user tab into a control.
When an object receives focus.
(5) LostFocus: When user move form one control to another.
(8) KeyDown: A key is pressed while an object has the focus.
(9) KeyPress: A key is released while an object has the focus.
(10) KeyUp: A key is released while an object has the focus.
(11) MouseDown: A mouse button is pressed while the mouse pointer is over
an object.
(12) MouseMove: The mouse cursor is moved over an object.
(13) MouseUp: A mouse button is released while the mouse pointer is over an
object.
Ex: Form1. Caption = Mouse Co-ordinates Are (“& x &”, “& y &”)
Form Events:
(1) From Initialize( )
This is the first event to occur when user presses F5 or Run Button to
start application. This event invokes show method on the form NO controls are
yet loaded. Generally used to initialize memory variables.
(2) Form Load ( )
In this event, the form is loaded into memory. Form & control are
loaded in memory this event is used for setting properties at runtime.
Ex:
Private sub form_load( )
Picture1.widhth=100
Endsub.
(3) From Resize ( )
When form is resized by user at runtime or by succeeded.
(4) Form Activate ( )
Occurs when form gets focus.
(5) Form Deactivate ( )
Occurs when form losses focus.
Ex:
Private sub form_Deactivate ( )
Command.Enabled = False
EndSub.
Private sub form_Activate ( )
Command.Enabled = True.
End Sub.
(6) Form – Unload ( )
It occurs before a form is unloaded.
(7) Form – Terminate ( )
It is the last event to five when a form is unloaded. This event is used to
clean up variables that are initialized in form – initialize event.
Text Box events:
(1) Textbox-Change( )
When user types something in the textbox.
Ex:
Private sub txtname – change ( )
CmdSave.Enbled = true.
End sub.
Command Button events:
(1) Command Button _Click( )
Label Events:
(1) Change ( )
(2) Click ( )
Frame Events:
(1) Click ( )
Option Button Events:
(1) Option Button _ click ( )
Private sub optpass _ click ( )
Msgbox “congrats!!!”
Endsub
Private sub optfail _click ( )
Msgbox “Don’t be sad..”
End sub
Checkbox events:
(1) Check Box _click ( ) :
Fired when checkbox is selected.
List box events:
(1) List box _ Click ( ) : If simple list.
(2) List Box _ Item check ( ): If checked box list.
Combo Box events:
(1) Combobox_change ( ) :
Fired when user types something in combo box text portion. This event
will only fire if the style property is set to 0 or 1.
(2) Combo box _Click ( )
(3) Combo box _DropDown
Occurs when user opens the dropdown portion of the combo box.
If style property is set to 0 or 2.
Picture Control & Image Control events:
(1) Picture _Click ( )
Ex: Private sub pic_click ( )
FrmNew.Show
End Sub.
MENUBAR :
Menu are used to present multiple choices & actions to perform for a
user. Menu are designed for those users who need to or prefer to user the
keyboard.
In V.B. menu system can be easily & quickly created with the menu
editor. The first step in creating a menu is determinig that what program
commands are needed to be on the menu and how these commands should be
organized. Windows system generally have common menus like, file Edit,.
Format, Tools, View, Help etc.
Menubar can be created using menu editor.
Ways to choose menu editor,
(1) Click the menu editor button on standard tool box
(2) Tolls  Menu editor
(3) Press Ctrl + E
Menu Properties (Controls):
(1) Caption : The text that is displayed in the menu item. Access key can be
specified by placing an ampersand before the appropriated letter of the caption.
(2) Name : To identify menu item in code preface name with mnu.
(3) Shortcut Key: To define shortcut key combination that allow users to
select item with keystroke.
(4) Checked: If it is selected then a checkmark appears to the left of the
menu item’s caption.
(5) Enabled: True/False, to enable or diable menu item.
(6) Visible : True/False, to make menuitem visibl or invisible on form.
(7) : To create submenu items.
(8) : To move back to previous level of menu
(9) and : To change position of a menu item.
Creating Pop Up Menu :
A pop up menu is a menu that appears anywhere on form in response to
a program event .
To create popup menu, create a top level menu item with visible
property set to false. Menu items add under this menu as submenu will be
displayed on the popup menu.
Popup menu are generally displayed on mouse night button click So, to
set this write code in MouseUp event of form And to make this menu work as a
popup menu, popupmenu method should be invoked.
Write the following code in the MouseUp event of form:
Private Sub Form_MouseUp
If Button = vbRightButton Then
Form1.PopupMenu mnuEdit
End If
End Sub
Here mnuEdit is the name of menu.
Here first check whether the button pressed is the right. Mouse button by
comparing the argument button with vbRightButton. If they are equal, then
popup menu method will be invoked for form1 with mnuEdit menu.
 DIALOGBOXES:
A dialog box is a window used to display / accept information
to / from user. The use must answer the dialog box before
continuing with any other part of the program.
 Message Box
A message box is generally used to provide warnings or an
error message that requires immediate attention of the user.
It’s a simple form that displays a message and at least one
command button. The button is used to acknowledge message &
close the form.
 Syntax
Msg box (prompt [,Buttons] [,title] [,helpfile, [outext])
Prompt: Required string expression displayed as the message in
the dialog box.
Maximum length – 1024 characters.
Buttons: Optional the type of buttons to display the icon style to
use. Default value is O which causes only an ok button
to be displayed
Title : Optional string displayed in the title bar of the dialog
box. If omitted, the appn name is placed in title bar.
Help file : Optional to set the help file for the & context appn
There can be form groups in button argument.
1. First group : Determines type of button

Vb ok only - displays ok button
Vb ok cancel - Display ok & cancel buttons
Vb Abort Retry Ingnore – Display
Vb Yes No
Vb Yes Cancel
Vb Retry Cancel
2. Second group determines type of icon to display

Vb critical - Vb Question -
Vb Exclamation - Vb information -
3. Third group determines default button

Vb Default Button – 1 - First button is default
Vb Default Button – 2 - Second button is default
Vb Default Button – 3 - Third button is default
Vb Default Button – 4 - Forth button is default
Ex :- Massage Box “Hello”
Project X
Hello
OK
Massage Box “The last name must not be blank” Vb Exclamation

“Last name”
Last Name X
The Last name . . . . . .
OK
Massage box “data base error”, Vb critical, “Update Table”
Update Table X
Data based error . . . . . .
OK
Massage (“Are you sure?” Vb yes no + Vb Question, “Quit”) + Vb
Default button2
Quit X
Are you sure
Yes No
In Exit button’s click event,

If MsgBox (“Are toy sure?” Vb yes not Vb Question “Exit”) = Vbyes
then
End
End If
User Name
Pass word
Continue Exit
In continue button’s click event,

If txtpassword.text = “ “ or txtUserName.text = “ “ then
Massage box (“You must provide password”, VbExclamation,
“Password”)
End If
 Making Massage box model :
When a model massage box is shown, it must be closed
before continuing with the program. When massagebox is model to
system the user must respond to massage box doing any further
work on the computer at all.
VbApplicationModal
Vbsystemmodal
Input box :
The inputbox is used to get a single piece of information from
the user, like, name, filename or a number etc.
The input box display prompt, telling user what to cuter, a
textbox where use can eater the requested information and two
command buttons ok & cancel.
Title X
Prompt OK
Cancel
Prompt can display up to 1024 characters & user can enter

upto 255 characters of text in the input box’s text box.
Input box returns a string kind of value so, to store it define a
string type of variable. After cutering the data is textbox when, user
clicks ok button, the input box returns text in the text box whether
it is new text or the default text. If user selects cancel button then it
returns null string, regardless of what is stored in the text box.
If you are expecting a numeric value in the input box then use
val function. If the string contains or starts with numbers then val
function returns that numbers than string doesn’t start with a
number, the function returns zero.
Str = InputBox (“Enter your Name”)

If Len (str) = O Then
Massage box “No name was chtered”
End if
 USING DEFAULT DIALOG BOXES
VB allows user to use standard windows dialog boxes like font
dialog box, open, save as, print etc. . . common dialog control is
used to enter this kind of dialog boxes. It allows user to access
following standard dialog boxes.
1. Open
2. Save as
3. Font
4. Color
5. Print
To access common dialog control, first of all add this control
in the toolbar and to your project. This control can be added by
project menu components dialogbox. From components dialog box,
select “Microsoft common dialog control 6.0.” So one button will be
added in the common tool box. Click this control & draw if on
the form. It will appear as an icon on the form but it will not be
displayed when you will run the project. Using this icon different
different dialog boxes can be added. For that go to it’s property
page by right clicking on icon & selecting properties or from
property window go to custom property.
Open Save Color Font Print Help
OK CANCEL APPLY
Now let’s consider one example in which we will add dialog
box to open a file.
Open file
CommandOpen
Common dialog control (CdTest)

In click event of command open,
CdTest.Showopen
To display Save As dialog box,
CdTest.showsave
The file that user selects from open dialog box is store in the
filename property of open dialog box.
To access it,
CdTest.filename
 TOOLBAR
Toolbars provide an easy way to access the must commonly
used functions of the project.
Toolbar control allows to create six different types of buttons ;
1. Push buttons
2. Check buttons
3. Button group
4. Place holder buttons
5. Drop down buttons
6. Separator buttons
To chew a toolbar on the form, first add the tool that allows to
toolbar to the toolbox,
Project  components  Microsoft windows common controls
6.0
It will add 9 different buttons (tools) to the toolbar select tool
for toolbar & draw it on form. By default, it will be aligned to the top
of the form but alignment can be changed by changing align
property.
1 - VbAlignTop – Default
2 – VbAlignBottom
3 - VbAlignleft
4 - VbAlignRight
0 – VbAlignNone – Free floating toolbar
In toolbar some images are required to be displayed on
buttons. So, to get this image first of all imagelist should be
prepared for it.
* IMAGELIST :
Imagelist control allows to add bitmaps, that can be used by
other controls of the project. Image list control is also a part of
Microsoft windows common controls 6.0. so, if you have added this
component to you project than image list is also there in toolbox.
(So, First of all prepare a image list with bitmaps that you
want to display on button)
First step in creating toolbar is adding the images that will be
displayed on the toolbar.
To prepare an image list
1. Draw an imagelist control on your form and assign a unique
name to it. (If will appear as a small icon on the form)
2. Open property pages dialog box of image list by right-clicking
the image list selecting properties.
Select image page in the dialog box
3. To add an image to the image list, click the insert picture

button. So it will open select picture dialog box, from which
the bitmap can be selected. As the picture is selected, it is
added to the image list & displayed in the images cruel
4. Click ok button after adding all the images.
Now, image list control is ready to supply images to the toolbar.
(appearance)
Now, set the properties of tool bar by making required
changes in properties of toolbar.
Right click on toolbar and select properties to get property
dialog box.
In first page, it will display several properties like.
1. Imagelist – set it to the name of imagelist control that is
created to provide images
2. Button Height : Hight of buttons in toolbar (in twips)
3. Button width : Width of toolbar buttons
[twip is 1/20th part of a point]
4. Allow customize – check box – determines whether the users
are allowed to add, delite or move button.
5. Showtips – checkbox – tooltips are shown or not
6. Wrappable – checkbox – toolbar wraps around second row of
buttons or not
7. Enabled – check box
8. Style – tbrstandard – 3D toolbar
9. Borderstyle = None – No border
= 1 – fixed single – fixed size single border
10. Text alignment – 0 – button to align text with the
1 – Right button image
11. Disabled image list : Image list to provide images for buttons
with enabled property set to tales.
Now to add buttons go to the second page of properties dialog
box.
To add button, click insert button. Now, change its key
property to specify the name that is used to identify button in code.
Image Property specifies the index of the picture that you
want to appear on buttom.
Style property to select style (type) of button
STYLE :
0-tbrDefault – push button
1-tbrcheck – check button
2-tbrbuttongroup – button group
3-tbrseparator
4-tbrplaceholder
Caption – text to be displayed below the picture giveing button
description.
Tool tip text
Value – Returns the current state of the button – tbrPressed /
tbrUnpressed
To add items to chopdown button menu, click the insert
button menu and enter menu item in it’s text property.
B I U Ex :
Private sub TblTest_Button click (By val button as MSComct/Lib-

Button)
If Button.key = “Bold” then
Text1.font.bold = true
Else
Text1.font.bold = False
End of
Else If Buttom.key = “Italic” then
If button.nalul = tbrpressed then
Text1.Font.Italic = True
Else
Text1.font.italic = False
Else If Button. Key = “Uline” Then
Textt.font.Underline = True
Else
Text1.font,underline=false
End IF
End if
 Variables :
Syntax of variable declaration :
(Data type)
Dim variable name As variable type
Dim statement is used for declaring (dimensioning) variables.
Restrictions in naming variables :
1. The name must start with a letter, not a number or other
character.
2. Variable name can contain letters, number of under core
character. Spaces periods or other punctuation characters are
not allowed.
3. It must be unique within variable’s scope.
4. Maximum 255 characters can be there in var-name
5. It cannot be any of VB’s reserved words.
TYPES OF VARIABLES :
1 Integer 2 bytes -32, 768 to +32,767
2 Bytes 1 byte 0 to 255
3 Single 4 bytes Single precision nos.
4 Double 8 bytes Double precision nos.
5 Currency 8 bytes 15 fixed point nos. digits
before decimal point and 4
digits after decimal point.
6 String 1 byte per Maximum 65,400 char for
char fixed length sting & upto 2
billion characters for var-
length.
7 Boolean 2 bytes True / False
8 Date 8 bytes Date & time information
9 Object 4 bytes Instance of classes
10 Variant 16 bytes +
1 byte / char
User defined types can be created using type statement
Sytax
Private Type Type Name
Variable list
End type
Ex. Private Type Rectangle
Length As integer
Width As integer
End type
Dim My Rect as rectangle
My Rect. Length = 10
My Rect. Width = 5
Variable Declarations :
If a variable is not delared, VB create the variable using data
type, which can contain any type of data.
Draw backs – wastage of memory space
If might be invalid with fun that requires specific
data type.
There are two ways to declare a variable in to,
1. Explicit declaration :
Just defending variable names with their data types, without
assigning value to the variables.
Dim, private, static, public keywords can be used for explicit
declaration.
Dim varname as type, varnamez as type vanames as type.
2. Implicit declaration
In implicit declaration, a special characters is used at the end
of variable name where the variable is first assigned a value.
Variable type character

Integer %
Long &
Single !
Double #
Currency @
String $
Num % = 10
Names $ = “xyz”
If declaration character is missing than that variable will be of
variant type.
Fixed length strings :

Strings declared thru implicit or explicit declarations are
variables length strings, that can store upto 2 billion characters.
Fixed length string can also be defined by specifying length
within the declaration statement. but it can have maximum 65,400
characters.
Syntax :
Dim varname As string * str length
Ex. : Dim name as string * 20
Now if name variable is assigned less than 20 characters than
reaming length will be filled with blank spaces & If expression is
longer than the variable, then remaining characters are truncated
(discarded)
If can be used with database.
Scope of variables :
By default, a variable that is implicitly declared is local to the
procedure in which it is created with explicit declaration, scope of
variable can be defined.
For global declaration use public keyword in declaration
statement.
Ex. : Public uName as string
Variables declared as public var, are available anywhere in the
program. It is used to pass information between forms.
Local Variable :
Dim or private keywords are used to declare local variables.
If variable is declared with Dim statement than its local to the
current procedure if it is declared as private then it is local to
current form.
But it variable is defined in general declarations section of a
form or module then the variable is available to ever procedure in
that form.
Static variables :
Static variables are the variables that retains their value offer
the completion if procedure .
Ex : Static fact As integer
If function is declared as static then all the variables of that
function become static.
Variable Array :
Dim varname (Range) As varitype
Ex. Dim Roll_no (1 to 100) As Integer
Dim Marks (1 to 10) As Integer, count as integer
For Count = 1 to 10
Total = Total + marks (count)
Next count
Constant declaration
Constant is ta variable whose value cannot be changed once it
is defined.
Contents cannot be modified, after you define them. if you try to
modify. VB generates runtime errors.
Syntax :
Const varuname = value
Ex. Const pie = 3.142
OPTION EXPLICIT STAEMENT

By setting environment option, VB can give error message if
variable is being used without declaration.
Tools  options  require variable declaration
Selecting this option requires declaration of each variable
before use. Selecting this option causes the option explicit
statement to be placed in general declaration section of all new
modules & forms that are added to project.
If a form or model contains option explicit statement and you
fail to declare a var, then you receive the error to declare a var,
then you receive the error message, variable not defined at
runtime.
 Math Operations :
Addition +
Subtractim -
Multiplication *
Division /
Integer Division \
Modulus mod
Exponeatiotim ^
Ex.
MFCS – II
Visual Programming
Java Programming
DBMS
DCN
Total Percentage
Class
Calculate Result
CmdResult
CmdResult click ()
Dim MFCS As integer, VP As integer, JP As integer, DBMS As
integer, DCN As integer, Result as single
MFCS = Val (txtMFCS.text)
VP = Val (taxVP.text
JP = Val(txtJp.text)
DCN = Val (txtDCN.text)
Total % = MFCS + VP + JP + DBMS + DCN
Result = Total / 5
txt total.text = Result & “ % ”
If result > 70 then
Lbl class.captim “Distinction”
Else If Result > 60 Then
lblclass.captim = “First class”
lblclass.captim = “Second class”
lblclass.captim = “Pass class”
Else
lblclass.capion = “Fail”
End If.
OR
Select case Result
Case Is > 70
lblclass.capion =
Case 61 t0 70
lblclass.capion =
Case 51 t0 60
lblclass.capion =
Case iS > 40
lblclass.capion =
Case is < 40
lblclass.capion =
End case.
Example
First No.
Second No.
Simple Division
Integer division
Calculate
To search a string within any string, use insert function insert
returns starting position of the word.
Syntax
Instr (Start position, source string, search string, flag)
Optional
Flag = 0  default case sensitive search
Flag = 1  case insensitive search
String Factions :
(1) String $ ()
Retinues a string made up of a specific number of characters.
Syntax
String $ (No. of chair, “Character”)
(2) Instr() – Instr(Stat pos, string, serch str, flag
(3) InstrRev()-
(4) Left$ () – Left $ (String, No. of char)
(5) Right $() – Right $ (String, No. of char)
(6) Mid $ - Mid $ (String, Start pos, No. of char)
(7) Len () – Len (String)
(8) Replace – Replace (String, “original”, “New”)
(9) Trin $ - Trim $ (String)
(10) LTim$ - LTRim$ (String)
(11) RTrim$ - Rtcase$ (String)
(12) Ucase $ - Ucase$ (String)
(13) Lcase $ - Lcase$ (String)
(14) Space $ - Space $ (No of blank spaces)
(15) Str () - Str $ (Numeric value)
(16) Str Reverse $ ()
Ex :
Str$ = Input Box (“Enter your Branch Name”)
Ustr = VCase$ (Str)
Msg Box “Oh! You are the student of BCA!!”
End If
 DATE FUNCTIONS :
(1) Now – Returns a varicant type of date/time stamp in timer
event with interval of 1000 ms.
Ex. – lb/time caption = Now
(2) Date() / Date $() – Returns date, In dd/mm/yy format & date
$ returns is string in dd-mm-yyyy format
Lbl.capim = data
(3) Time / Time$()
H : M : Second (AM/PM)
(4) Date Part () Return specified part of date.
Dim dtToday As Date
dtToday = Now
month % = Date Part (“m”, dt today )
day % = Date Part (“d”, dt today )
year % = year Part (“yyyy”, dt today )
dotweek % = Date Part (“q”, dt today )
week % = Date Part (“w”, dt today )
(5) Dim dt as date
Date = now
Date + 1
Date + 5
(6) Date : Diff() dtz = # 09/13/1981#
Dim dt1, dt2 as date dt = now
Date Diff. (“d”, dt2, dt1 )
(“m”, dt2, dt1 )
(“w”, dt2, dt1 )
(“yyyy”, dt2, dt1 )
(7) Date Add ()
dt = now
Date Add (“m”, 6, dt )
Date Add (“ww”, 9, dt )
Date Add (“d”, 180, dt )
- Ve number substracts date from given date
Format Functions :
(1) Format Currency ()
Format Currency (Expression, Num Dig its After Decinal,
Include leading digit, Use parents for negative, nums,
Group Digits)
Format Currency (100) = $100.00
(100, 3) = $100.000
(100, -1) = $100.00 [-1 for default]
(0.100, -1, Vbfalse) = $100
(0.100, -1, Vbfalse/Default) = $ 0.10
(-100, -1, Vbfalse) = -$100.00
(-100, -1, Vb True) = ($100.00)
(1100, -1, , Vb Default) = $1,100.00
(1100, -1, , ,Vb False) = $1100.00
(2) Format Number ()
Same as currency but without currency symbol
(3) Format percent ()
Format percent (1/3) = 33.33%
Format percent (1/3, 3) = 33.333%
(4) Format Date time ()
Vb General Date – mm/dd/yy H:M:Se AM/PM
Vb Long Date - Thursday, January 29, 2009
Vb Long Time - 8 : 38 : 07 AM
VB Short Date - 1 / 29 / 09
Vb Short time - 18 : 38
(5) Round ()
If no is odd Round up
If no is even Round down
Round (1.5)  2
Round (2.5)  2
Round (2.865, 2)  2.87
Round (2.865, 1)  2.9
Example txt name 1 txt Age 1
Enter Name Birth Date
Enter Name Birth Date
txt name 1 txt Age 1
Compare Cmd age
lblresul
cmdage click () event

Dim dt1, dt2 As date, diff as Integer
dt1 = txt Age1.text
dt2 = txt Age2.text
diff = Date diff (“m”, dt1, dt2)
If diff > 0 then
lbl Result. captim = txt name.text & “is elder than” &
txtname2.text
Else diff < 0 then
lblResult.caption = txtName2 txt & “is elder than” &
txtname2.text
Else
lblResult.caption = txtName1 txt & txt name2.txt & both are
of same age”
Class of then A
B
C
D
Total Amount
Calculate Bill
Discount
Bill with discount
Din bill, amt as single

Amt = val (txtamt.text)
Select case
 List view
To add a list view control to a from follow these steps
1. Select project  Components
2. Select Microsoft windows common controls 6.0
3. Select list view control and draw and draw it on the form
4. Set properties of list view and add code.
Adding items to list view :
List view items can be added to it’s list items collection using
add method. Each item added is a list item object of list item type
and then add it to the list view [Name of list view is list view1]
Private sub form – Local ()
Dim Ls1 as list items
Set ls1 = list view1. list items. Add()
Ls1.Text = “item1”
[Here lst is a list item object and that we are adding t olist
items collection of listview1 suing add method. After that we are
adding text to lst object, using its text property. This text will be
displayed in list view.]
Each item in a list view is a lsit item object, and each such
object has on Icon property. This property is used to display icons
with list items. This icons can be accessed from imagelist. So create
image list for that.
Prepare an image list by adding an icon that you want to
display with of List view control allows to add 3 types of limagelist
normal, small and Header control.
To connect imagelist with list view, go to property pages of
list view and select image lists tab. In normal field, set the name of
created image list.
This image will be displayed as icons with list items when list
view’s view property is set to = o [IVV Icon]. For other values of
view property set small icons property.
Ls1.Icon = 1  1 is index of image in image list
Klhen view property is set to any other value than IVV Icon
then small icons will be displayed with list items. To add small icons
to list view’s items, first create an imagelist having icons that you
want to display with list view items.
Then go to property pages of list view and in image lists tab
set mall field to the name of imagelist
After that in code for each items added to list view, add
following statement.
Ls1.smallzcon = 1  index of image
Set list view’s view property to IVV small Icon and run the
appn.
 VIEW TYPES IN LIST VIEW :

1. IVV Icon – 0 : It displays large icons and allows user fo chag
& drop & rearrange objects.
2. IVV Small Icon : I – use small icons so more list item objects
can be viewed. Objects can be rearranged.
3. IVV list – 2 : Presents sorted view of list items
4. IVV Report – 3 : Presents sorted view with sub items and
allows extra information to be displayed
 Adding column Headers :

Klhen list view’s view property is set fo IVV report, it can
display lists arranged in columns headers to a list view, add column
headers with list view’s column headers collection.
Dim co/Hd As column Header
Set Co/Hd = List view 1. column Headers.Add()
Co/Hd.Text = “Name”
Same column Head object can be used to add more than one
column Headers :
Column Headers.Add (Index, key, text, width, Alignment, icon)
Default 0, 1, 2
Ce
nter
Right
Left
Private Sub form – load ()

Dim Lstitm As listitem
Dim co/Hd As column Header
Set Co/Hd = listview/column Headers. Add

( , , “Country”, Listview1.width/3)
( , , “Wins”, Listview1.width/3)
( , , “Losse”, Listview1.width/3)
Set lst/Itm = listview/ list Items. add ( , , “India”, 1, 1)
Set lst/Itm = listview/ list Items. add ( , , “Pakistan”, 1, 1)
Set lst/Itm = listview/ list Items. add ( , , “Australia”, 1, 1)
End Sub
Country Wins Losses
India
Pakistan
Australia
 Object.Add (Index, Key, text, icon small icon)
List view name.list items
1. Index – a number that position list item within list items
collection (optional)
2. Key – to assign name to list item
3. Text – string that is displayed in list view window
4. Icon – Index of icon in Image list for normal view
5. Smallicon – index of icon in “ for small view
Ex. For Simple list :

Computer Engineering  Faculty of Technology
EC Engineering  Faculty of Technology
Civil Engineering  Faculty of Technology
Mechanical Engineering  Faculty of Technology
IT Engineering  Faculty of Information Science
BCA  Faculty of Information Science
MCA  Faculty of Information Science
To add items of other columns
Object name.subitems(index) = value
Ex. Ls/.subitems(1) = “04”
Ls/.subitems(2) = “00”
Or list view/.listitems(1).subitem (1) = “04”
list view/.listitems(1).subitem (2) = “00”
o/p India 04 00
 TREE VIEW :
DDU
Faculty of Technology
Computer Engineering
EC Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Civil Engineering
Faculty of Information Science
IT
BCA
MCA
Faculty of Pharmacy
- D.Pharm
- B.pharm
Faculty of Dental Science
Form – load ()
Dim temp as node
Set temp = treeview/.nodes.add( , , “Root”. “DDU”)
Add (Relative, Relationship, key, text, image, selected image)
Relationship – tvwlast
- tvwNext
- tvwPrevious
- tvw child
 Control Array :
A control away is a group of controls, all of the same type and
that have the same name are identified by an idex.
 Each element must be of same type
 Each control must have the same name
 Each control is identified by unique index up to 32767
Advantages :
1. Requires fewer system resources then adding an individual
control of same type.
2. Controls of a array share a common set of event procedures.
3. It’s the only way to add controls to a forms at runtime.
4. More number of controls can be added in a form.
After crating a control away, a single piece of code can be
written to handle a particular event for all the controls in away.
Whenever that event is fired by any of the controls in array that
code is executed.
Ex. txtArray – lost focus (Index as integer)
txtArray (index) = Ucase (txtArray(index).text)
txtArray
Name : 0
Address : 1
City : 2
E-mail : 3
txtArray lostfocus (Index as integer)

Infront index = 3 then
Txt Array (Index) = Ucase(txtArray(Inxed)text)
End if
To set right alignment for lblArray(i).Alignment,
Form load ()
For i = 0 to 3
lblArrayy(i).Alignment = 2
Next i
To highlight the lable when matching textbox is having focus,

txtArray gotfocus
lblArray(index).font.bold = true
txtArray Lost focus
lblArray(index).font.bold=false.
To know exact number of controls in array use lbound &
Ubound properties of control Array.
To add a control dement at runtime, Load statement is used,
Load ExtArray (txtArray.Uboard+1)
CODE:
Option Explicit
Dim i As Integer
Private Sub Combo1_Click()

If Combo1.List(Combo1.ListIndex) = "CH" Then
i = txtArray.UBound + 1
Load lblArray(i)
Load txtArray(i)
txtArray(i).Top = txtArray(i - 1).Top + 500
lblArray(i).Top = lblArray(i - 1).Top + 500
lblArray(i).Alignment = 2
lblArray(i).Caption = "Subject 6"
txtArray(i).Visible = True
lblArray(i).Visible = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()

Dim total As Integer
For i = txtArray.LBound To txtArray.UBound
total = total + Val(txtArray(i).Text)
Next i
Text1.Text = total
End Sub
 PARALLEL ARRAYS
Two or more difficult control arrays whose elements match
with each other in some way are known as parallel Array.
TABSTRIP :
Client Area
Example
Personal Educationa Experience

l
Client Area
Frame1 (Personal) Frame 2 (Education)
Name Gender S.S.C.

Address  Male
H.S.C.
City  Female
Graduation
Ph. No.
Hobbies Post Graduation
Music Reading
Other
Traveling
Experience
Name of firm :
Post :
Form load ()
Dim i as integer
For i = o to 2
Framel (i).move Tabstripl.clientleft, Tabstripl.clieatiop,
Tabstripl.clientwideth,Tabstripl.client Height
Next i
Frame 1 (0).Zorder 0
Tabstrip . click ()
Dim index, I as integer
Index = tabstripl.selected item. Index
For I = 0 + 2
Framel(i) . visible = false
Next i
Frame 1 (index – 1).Visible = True
End sub.
CONTROL ARRAY
CODE:
Option Explicit
Dim i As Integer
Private Sub Combo1_Click()
If Combo1.List(Combo1.ListIndex) = "CH" Then
i = txtArray.UBound + 1
Load lblArray(i)
Load txtArray(i)
txtArray(i).Top = txtArray(i - 1).Top + 500
lblArray(i).Top = lblArray(i - 1).Top + 500
lblArray(i).Alignment = 2
lblArray(i).Caption = "Subject 6"
txtArray(i).Visible = True
lblArray(i).Visible = True
End If
End Sub
Private Sub Command1_Click()

Dim total As Integer
For i = txtArray.LBound To txtArray.UBound
total = total + Val(txtArray(i).Text)
Next i
Text1.Text = total
End Sub
Visual Basic & ADO Tutorial
Level:
Level2
This tutorial describes how you can use ADO objects in VB6. Now days, almost any
time you write full fledged database application you will want to use ADO. Along
with this, as your applications become more and more complex you will probably not
want to rely on Visual Basic's data controls, but instead use the ADO objects directly.
Read on to find out exactly how this can be done.
Originally Written By TheVBProgramer.
The "Alphabet Soup" of Database Access
Prior to VB6 and the introduction of ADO (ActiveX Data Objects), VB programmers
would generally use DAO (Data Access Objects) to interact with local databases such
as MS Access and use RDO (Remote Data Objects) to interact with client/server
databases such as Oracle and SQL Server. The concept behind Visual Basic ADO was
Universal Data Access (UDA), where one database access method could be used for
any data source; it was designed to replace both DAO and RDO. DAO remains a
viable technology for interacting with MS Access databases as it is faster than ADO
for that purpose; however, ADO is more flexible – using ADO, one could develop a
prototype database application using MS Access in the back-end, and with a "flick of
the wrist" (i.e., with very little coding changes) "upsize" that same application to use
Oracle or SQL Server. As far as RDO is concerned, no new versions of it have been
developed beyond the version that shipped with Visual Basic, and there are no future
plans for it.
In the VB4 and VB5 worlds, RDO was the main method used to interact with
client/server databases. RDO works perfectly fine with VB6, so when folks migrated
their VB5 applications over to VB6, little or no coding changes were required.
However, ADO is the preferred method of database access for new VB6 applications .
About this Tutorial
This tutorial presents three small sample applications using ADO. All three
applications use a local MS Access database.
The first sample application introduces the ADO Data Control (ADODC) which
demonstrates a "quick and dirty" way to connect to a remote database. The second and
third applications use ADO code: the second allows navigation and searching of a
database table; the third allows navigation and updating on a database table. All three
connect to an ODBC Data Source, which must be set up through the Windows
Control Panel. How to do this is described below.
Note: If you have previously set up a DSN for the Biblio database as described in the
previous topic on RDO, you can skip the section on setting up an ODBC data source
and resume here.
Setting Up an ODBC Data Source
Follow the steps below to set up an ODBC Data Source (this process is also called
"setting up a DSN", where "DSN" stands for "Data Source Name"). These steps
assume Windows 2000 for the operating system. On other versions of Windows, some
steps may vary slightly.
· Via Windows Control Panel, double-click on Administrative Tools, then Data

Sources (ODBC). The ODBC Data Source Administrator screen is displayed, as
shown below. Click on the System DSN tab.
· Click the Add button. The Create New Data Source dialog box will appear.
Select Microsoft Access Driver (*.mdb) from the list and click the Finish button.
· The ODBC Microsoft Access Setup dialog box will appear. For Data Source
Name, type Biblio. If desired, you can type an entry for Description, but this is not
required.
· Click the Select button. The Select Database dialog box appears. On a default
installation of VB6 or Visual Studio 6, the BIBLIO.MDB sample database should
reside in the folder C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\VB98. Navigate to that
folder, select BIBLIO.MDB from the file list, and click OK.
Note: If VB was installed in a different location on your system, navigate to the

appropriate folder. If you do not have the BIBLIO.MDB sample database file on your
system at all, you can download it here. In that case, copy the file to the folder of your
choice, and navigate to that folder to select the database for this step.
· When you are returned to the ODBC Microsoft Access Setup screen, the
database you selected should be reflected as shown below. Click OK to dismiss this
screen.
· When you are returned to the ODBC Data Source Administrator screen, the
new DSN should appear as shown below. Click OK to dismiss this screen.
At this point, the Biblio database is ready to be used with RDO in the sample
application.
Sample Application 1: Using the ADO Data Control (ADODC)
To build the first sample application, follow the steps below.
· Start a new VB project, and from the Components dialog box (invoked from the
Project -> Components menu), select Microsoft ADO Data Control 6.0 (SPx) as
shown below and click OK.
The ADO Data Control should appear in your toolbox as shown below:
· Put an ADO Data Control on your form, and set the properties as follows:
Property
Value
Name
adoBiblio
DataSourceName
Biblio
SQL
select * from authors
· Now put three text boxes on the form, and set their Name, DataSource, and
DataField properties as follows:
Name
DataSource
DataField
txtAuthor
adoBiblio
Author
txtAuID
adoBiblio
Au_ID
txtYearBorn
adoBiblio
Year Born
· Save and run the program. Notice how it works just like the other data control.
· Now change the SQL property of the data control to select * from authors order
by author and run the program again. Notice the difference.
· Change the SQL property back to what it was and add three command buttons
to the form, and set their Name and Caption properties as follows:
Name
Caption
cmdNameOrder
Order by Name
cmdYearOrder
Order by Year
cmdIDOrder
Order by ID
· Put the following code in the cmdNameOrder_Click event:
adoBiblio.SQL = "select * from authors order by author"
adoBiblio.Refresh
· Put the following code in the cmdYearOrder_Click event:
adoBiblio.SQL = "select * from authors order by [year born]"
adoBiblio.Refresh
· Put the following code in the cmdIDOrder_Click event:
adoBiblio.SQL = "select * from authors order by au_id"
adoBiblio.Refresh
· Save and run the program and see what happens when you click the buttons.
A screen-shot of the sample app at run-time is shown below:
Download the project files for this sample application here.

Sample Applications 2 and 3: Using ADO Code
Note: If you have previously downloaded and set up a DSN for the Property database
as described in the previous topic on RDO, you can skip the set up steps below and
resume here.
Sample applications 2 and 3 use a database called PROPERTY.MDB and can be

downloaded here.
The Property database contains just one table called "Property". The columns of this
table are defined as follows:
Column Name
Data Type
Notes
PROPNO
Number (Long Integer)
A number that uniquely identifies the property in the table. Should be treated as the
Primary Key (although it is not defined as such in the sample database).
EMPNO
A number that identifies the real estate agent selling the property. In a real system,
this would be the foreign key to the employee number in an Employee table (such a
table is not present in the sample database).
ADDRESS
Text (20)
The street address of the property.
CITY
Text (15)
The city where the property is located.
STATE
Text (2)
The state where the property is located (2-character US state abbreviation).
ZIP
Text (5)
The zip code where the property is located.
NEIGHBORHOOD
Text (15)
The descriptive name of the neighborhood in which the property is located.
HOME_AGE
Age in years of the home. (A better table design choice would be to have this field be
the date in which the property was built and have the application compute the age
based on the current date.)
BEDS
Number of bedrooms in the property.
BATHS
Number (Single)
Number of bathrooms in the property (allows for a decimal value such as 2.5,
indicating 2 ½ bathrooms – i.e. 2 full bathrooms and 1 "powder room").
FOOTAGE
The footage of the property.
ASKING
Asking price of the property in whole dollars.
BID
Bid amount of the potential buyer in whole dollars.
SALEPRICE
Sale price (amount the property actually sold for) in whole dollars.
Before coding or running sample application 2 or 3, you must set up an ODBC data
source as was done for the previous sample application.
After downloading the file, move it to the folder of your choice. Then follow the exact
same steps as before to set up the DSN, with these two exceptions:
(1) On the ODBC Microsoft Access Setup dialog box, type PropDB for the Data
Source Name.
(2) In the Select Database dialog box, navigate to the location where you have placed
the PROPERTY.MDB file.
Sample Application 2
To build Sample Application 2, start a new VB project and perform the following
steps.
· From the Project -> References menu, check Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects
2.x (where x is the highest version that you have on your system) and click OK.
· This project uses the StatusBar control, so include the Microsoft Windows
Common Controls 6.0 (SP6) from the Components dialog box, accessed from the
Project -> Components menu.
· Create the form shown below. The names of the text boxes in the top frame are
shown in the form. Set the Enabled property of the frame to False, which will
automatically disable all of the textboxes within it, which is desired because this
application does not allow updating of the data. The settings for the other controls are
given below.
The navigation buttons have the following properties:
Name
Caption
cmdMoveFirst
<<
cmdMovePrevious
<
cmdMoveNext
>
cmdMoveLast
>>
The text box in the middle of the form has the following properties:
Name
txtCurrentQuery
MultiLine
True
Locked
True
The command buttons have the following properties:
Name
Caption
Enabled
cmdAllData
Reload All Records
True
cmdGetData
Run Query Now
False
In the "Select Criteria" frame:
The check boxes are an array:
Name
Caption
chkCriteria(0)
EmpNo
chkCriteria(1)
City
chkCriteria(2)
State
The labels are also an array:
Name
Caption
Enabled
lblCriteria(0)
False
lblCriteria(1)
Like
False
lblCriteria(2)
Like
False
The textboxes are also an array:

Name
Caption
Enabled
txtCriteria(0)
EmpNo
False
txtCriteria(1)
City
False
txtCriteria(2)
State
False
Place the StatusBar on the form and set its Style property to 1 – sbrSimple.
2. Code the General Declarations section as shown below. Here, two ADO objects,
ADODB.Connection and ADODB.Recordset, are defined at the form level.
The ADODB.Connection object represents an open connection to a data source and a

specific database on that data source, or an allocated but as yet unconnected object,
which can be used to subsequently establish a connection.
The ADODB.Recordset object represents the rows that result from running a query,
Option Explicit
Dim mobjADOConn As ADODB.Connection
Dim mobjADORst As ADODB.Recordset
Dim mstrSQL As String
3. Code the Form_Load event. Here, the connection object variable mobjADOConn is
made available for use by setting it to a new instance of ADODB.Connection. Then,
the ConnectionString property and the Open method of the ADODB.Connection
object are used.
The ConnectionString property takes a string with various arguments delimited by

semicolons. When using a DSN as we are in this sample application, you typically
need just the DSN name, the user id, and the password. The Open method then opens
the connection to the database.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Form_Load()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'set up the form and connect to the data source
On Error GoTo LocalError
'center the form:
Me.Top = (Screen.Height - Me.Height) / 2
Me.Left = (Screen.Width - Me.Width) / 2
' Connect to the Property database:

Set mobjADOConn = New ADODB.Connection
mobjADOConn.ConnectionString = "DSN=PropDB;Uid=admin;Pwd=;"
mobjADOConn.Open
Call cmdAllData_Click
Exit Sub
LocalError:
MsgBox Err.Number & " - " & Err.Description
End Sub
4. Code the cmdAllData_Click event, which sets or resets the ADODB.Recordset

object with a query to display all the rows in the table. The opening of the recordset
takes place in the OpenNewRecordset subprocedure, called from this event procedure.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdAllData_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim lngX As Long
'select or reload the data to be displayed:
mstrSQL = "select * from property"
Call OpenNewRecordset
'load data into the text boxes

Call DataLoad
' reset the state of the search criteria controls
For lngX = 0 To 2
chkCriteria(lngX).Value = vbUnchecked
Next
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
5. Create the user-defined subprocedure OpenNewRecordset.
Here, the recordset object mobjADORst is made available for use by setting (or
resetting) it to a new instance of ADODB.Recordset.
The CursorLocation property is then set to the built-in constant adUseClient. The term
"cursor" refers to the temporary rows of a recordset. The cursor location determines
whether the cursor is stored on the client or the server, specified by the values
adUseClient and adUseServer, respectively. Server-side cursor (adUseServer) is the
default. There are tradeoffs using both types of cursors. Client-side cursors can take a
long time to build because the data must be pulled over to the client, but once built,
traversing the cursor is usually very fast. Client-side cursors often support more
features than server-side cursors (the reason this sample application is using a client-
side cursor is because we want to use AbsolutePosition property later, which only
works with a client-side cursor). On the other hand, server-side cursors usually build
faster but often support fewer features that client-side cursors.
The Open method of the recordset is then executed. The Open method has the
following syntax:
RecordsetObject.Open Source, ActiveConnection, CursorType, LockType, Options
The Source argument is an optional variant that evaluates to a valid Command object,
SQL statement, table name, stored procedure call, or filename of a persisted recordset.
The ActiveConnection argument is an optional variant that evaluates to a valid

Connection object variable name or a string containing connection string parameters.
The CursorType argument is an optional value that determines the type of cursor that
the provider should use when opening the recordset. The possible values and their
descriptions are given below:
Value
Description
adOpenForwardOnly
(default) Used to open a forward-only cursor. Forward-only cursors create static

snapshots of data. A recordset that uses a forward-only cursor is not directly
updateable and can only be scrolled from beginning to end (i.e., "MoveNext" is the
only "Move" method that can be used with this type of cursor). Forward-only cursors
offer optimal performance in exchange for feature limitations. Forward-only cursors
are sometimes referred to as firehose cursors.
adOpenStatic
Used to open a static cursor. A static cursor is a static copy of the data in the data
source. Once created, no changes made by other users propagate to the recordset; the
recordset never changes. Note: Client side cursors (like the one used in this sample
application) use only adOpenStatic for CursorTypes regardless of which CursorType
you select.
adOpenDynamic
Used to open a dynamic cursor. A dynamic cursor is a "live" recordset, meaning that
any and all additions, changes, and deletions by other users affect the recordset.
Dynamic-cursor recordsets support all types of navigation, including bookmarks (if
bookmarks are supported by the provider). Dynamic cursors offer the most features of
any cursor type, but at the expense of increased overhead.
adOpenKeyset
Used to open a keyset cursor. Keyset cursors are like dynamic cursors, except
additions made by other users are not visible in the recordset. The recordset is
affected by changes and deletions, however.
The LockType argument is an optional value that determines the type of locking that
the provider should use when opening the recordset. The possible values and their
descriptions are given below:
Value
Description
adLockReadOnly
(default) Specifies read-only locking. Records can be read, but data cannot be added,
changed, or deleted. This is the locking method used with static cursors and forward-
only cursors.
adLockPessimistic
Specifies pessimistic locking. The provider does what is necessary to ensure

successful editing of records, usually by locking records at the data source
immediately upon editing.
adLockOptimistic
Specifies optimistic locking. The provider locks records only when you call the
Update method, not when you start editing.
adLockBatchOptimistic
Specifies optimistic batch locking. Records are locked in batch update mode, as
opposed to immediate update mode. This option is required for client-side cursors.
The Options argument is an optional Long value that indicates how the Source should
be evaluated. The possible values and their descriptions are given below:
Value
Description
adCmdText
Indicates that the provider should evaluate CommandText as a textual definition of a

command. This options is used SQL statements.
adCmdTable
Indicates that the provider should evaluate CommandText as a table.
adCmdStoredProc
Indicates that the provider should evaluate CommandText as a stored procedure.
adCmdUnknown
Indicates that the type of command in the CommandText argument is not known and
that the provider should attempt to interpret it. Typically results in poor performance.
adExecuteAsync
Indicates that the command should execute asynchronously.
adFetchAsync
Indicates that the remaining rows after the initial quantity specified in the CacheSize
property should be fetched asynchronously.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub OpenNewRecordset()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set mobjADORst = New ADODB.Recordset

mobjADORst.CursorLocation = adUseClient
mobjADORst.Open mstrSQL, mobjADOConn, adOpenStatic, , adCmdText
' display current query
txtCurrentQuery.Text = mstrSQL
End Sub
6. Create the user-defined subprocedure DataLoad. This subprocedure gets the data
from the recordset and puts each field into a text box. Data from the recordset is
accessed via the Fields collection.
The Fields collection in ADO works identically to the Fields collection in DAO. A
field can be referenced with or without specifying Fields, either by the field name in
quotes or by its ordinal position in the resultset. The field can also be referenced with
the bang (!) operator. All of the following would be valid ways of referencing the
field "propno":
mobjADORst.Fields("propno")
mobjADORst ("propno")
mobjADORst.Fields(0)
mobjADORst(0)
mobjADORst!propno
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub DataLoad()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'copy the data from the recordset to the text boxes:
txtPropNo.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("propno")
txtEmpNo.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("empno")
txtAddress.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("address")
txtCity.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("city")
txtState.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("state")
txtZip.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("zip")
Call SetRecNum
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
7. Create the user-defined subprocedure SetRecNum. This sub displays the number of
the current record at the bottom of the screen. The AbsolutePosition and RecordCount
properties of the Recordset are used here.
The AbsolutePosition property specifies the current row in a recordset. Note: For
AbsolutePosition to return a valid value with Access (Jet) databases (like the one used
in the sample application), the CursorLocation must be set to adUseClient. An invalid
value (-1) will be returned if adUseClient is specified.
The RecordCount property the total number of rows in the recordset. Note:
RecordCount will not return a valid value with all cursor types (for example,
RecordCount will return -1 with a forward-only cursor.) To ensure a valid
RecordCount value, use either adOpenKeyset or adOpenStatic as the CursorType for
server side cursors or use a client side cursor.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub SetRecNum()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
StatusBar1.SimpleText = "row " & mobjADORst.AbsolutePosition _
& " of " & mobjADORst.RecordCount
End Sub
8. Code the events for the navigation buttons as shown below, using the recordset
"Move" methods to move to the first, last, next, or previous record, respectively.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveFirst_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MoveFirst
Call DataLoad
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveLast_Click()

'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MoveLast
Call DataLoad
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveNext_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MoveNext
If mobjADORst.EOF Then
Beep
mobjADORst.MoveLast
End If
Call DataLoad
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMovePrevious_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MovePrevious
If mobjADORst.BOF Then
Beep
End If
Call DataLoad
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
9. When one of the check boxes is clicked, the label and text box next to it should be
enabled (or disabled, if clicking the check box unchecks it). Note also that the
cmdGetData button (the one with the "Run Query Now" caption) should only be
enabled if one of the checkboxes is checked.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub chkCriteria_Click(Index As Integer)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' disable the 'Run Query Now' button

cmdGetData.Enabled = False
'when the user clicks on a check box, enable the label and text
'box that go with it.
If chkCriteria(Index).Value = vbChecked Then
txtCriteria(Index).Enabled = True
lblCriteria(Index).Enabled = True
txtCriteria(Index).SetFocus
txtCriteria(Index).SelStart = 0
txtCriteria(Index).SelLength = Len(txtCriteria(Index).Text)
' enable the 'Run Query Now' button only if a box is checked.
cmdGetData.Enabled = True
Else
txtCriteria(Index).Enabled = False
lblCriteria(Index).Enabled = False
End If
End Sub
10. After the user has selected which fields to use and entered values in the text boxes,
they click the cmdGetData button to create a new recordset with new data. Note that if
the user selects (checks) a field, but does not enter search criteria in the corresponding
textbox, an error message is generated and the query is not run.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdGetData_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'run the query that the user has created
Dim blnFirstOne As Boolean
blnFirstOne = True
mstrSQL = "select * from property where "
If chkCriteria(0).Value = vbChecked Then
If (txtCriteria(0).Text = "") Or (Not IsNumeric(txtCriteria(0).Text)) Then
MsgBox "Employee number is missing or non-numeric. Query not run.", _
vbExclamation, _
"ADO Example"
Exit Sub
End If
blnFirstOne = False
mstrSQL = mstrSQL & "empno = " & txtCriteria(0).Text
End If
If txtCriteria(1).Text = "" Then
MsgBox "City criteria is missing. Query not run.", _
vbExclamation, _
"ADO Example"
Exit Sub
End If
If blnFirstOne = False Then

mstrSQL = mstrSQL & " and"
End If
blnFirstOne = False
mstrSQL = mstrSQL & " city like '" & txtCriteria(1).Text & "'"
End If
If txtCriteria(2).Text = "" Then
MsgBox "State criteria is missing. Query not run.", _
vbExclamation, _
"ADO Example"
Exit Sub
End If
If blnFirstOne = False Then
mstrSQL = mstrSQL & " and"
End If
blnFirstOne = False
mstrSQL = mstrSQL & " state like '" & txtCriteria(2).Text & "'"
End If
OpenNewRecordset
'make sure that the query did not return 0 rows:
MsgBox "Your query (" & mstrSQL & ") returned no records! " _
& "The default query to return all records will now be rerun.", _
vbExclamation, _
"ADO Example"
'reload the form with all the records
cmdAllData_Click
Else
MsgBox "Your query returned " & mobjADORst.RecordCount & " records.", _
vbInformation, _
"ADO Example"
Call DataLoad
End If
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
11. Save and run. Note: When entering the "Like" criteria for City and/or State, you
can use the wildcard character % to represent any number of characters and the
wildcard character _ (underscore) the represent a single character. For example,
entering "M%" for the City criteria would return all rows where the city field begins
with the letter "M".
Sample Application 3
Sample Application 3 demonstrates how to add, update, and delete records with ADO.
When the application is first run, the user is prompted to enter a minimum asking
price to possibly limit the number of records they want to work with (i.e., "I only want
to work with properties that are selling for $200,000 or more). If the user wants to
work with all properties, they would simply accept the default of 0 from the prompt.
If the user clicks the Cancel button, the application will end.
Once the user has entered the minimum asking price, the main screen of the
application is displayed. Initially, the screen is in "browse" mode, where the user can
use the navigation buttons to move to the first, previous, next or last record. The data
cannot be edited in this mode. If they want to initiate an add or an update, delete a
record, or exit the application, they may do so via the appropriate button. Saving or
cancelling is not applicable in this mode, so those buttons are disabled.
If the user clicks the Add button, the fields on the screen are enabled and cleared, and
the user can enter the information for the new property. All buttons except Save and
Cancel are now disabled. After the user has made entries in the fields, he or she would
click Save to add the new record to the database table, or, if they changed their mind,
would click Cancel to discard the new record. In either case (clicking Save or Cancel)
the user is returned to browse mode. When Save is clicked, the application validates
the entries and will only save the record if all fields pass edit (otherwise, a message
will appear indicating the problem entry and focus will be set to the problem field).
If the user clicks the Update button, the fields on the screen are enabled and the user
can modify any or all of the fields (except for the Property Number, which is the
primary key of the table). All buttons except Save and Cancel are now disabled. After
the user has made modifications in the desired fields, he or she would click Save to
update the record to the database table, or, if they changed their mind, would click
Cancel to discard the changes. In either case (clicking Save or Cancel) the user is
returned to browse mode. When Save is clicked, the application validates the entries
and will only save the record if all fields pass edit (otherwise, a message will appear
indicating the problem entry and focus will be set to the problem field).
If the user clicks the Delete button, the user is asked to confirm that they want to
delete the current record. If they respond Yes, the record is deleted from the database
table, and the main screen shows the next record in the table.
To build Sample Application 3, start a new VB project and perform the following
steps.
· From the Project -> References menu, check Microsoft ActiveX Data Objects
2.x Library and click OK.
· This project uses the StatusBar control, so include the Microsoft Windows
Common Controls 6.0 (SP6) from the Components dialog box, accessed from the
Project -> Components menu. Check this item and click OK.
· Create the form shown below. The settings for the various controls are given
below.
· There are nine textboxes in the main frame of the form. The names and
MaxLength settings for these are given below:
Name
Properties
txtPropNo
MaxLength: 5
txtEmpNo
MaxLength: 4
txtAddress
MaxLength: 20
txtCity
MaxLength: 15
txtState
MaxLength: 2
txtZip
MaxLength: 5
txtBeds
MaxLength: 1
txtBaths
MaxLength: 3 (allows fractional amount, like 1.5)
txtAsking
MaxLength: 0 (not specified)
· Set up the Command Buttons as follows:

Name
Caption
cmdMoveFirst
<<
cmdMovePrevious
<
cmdMoveNext
>
cmdMoveLast
>>
cmdAdd
Add
cmdUpdate
Update
cmdDelete
Delete
cmdSave
Save
cmdCancel
Cancel
cmdExit
Exit
· All controls on your form should have their TabIndex property set such that the
tabbing order is correct.
· Add a Module to the project, name it modCommon, and enter the code shown
below. The code contains procedures described as follows:
CenterForm
Sub to center a form on the screen
ValidKey
Function to validate a keystroke for use in the KeyPress event of a textbox
ConvertUpper
Function to convert an alphabetic character entered in a textbox to uppercase, used in

the KeyPress event of a textbox
SelectTextBoxText
Sub to highlight the text of a textbox when it receives focus. Used in the GotFocus
event of a textbox.
TabToNextTextBox
Sub to "autotab" from one textbox to another when maximum number of characters
that can be entered into the first textbox has been reached.
UnFormatNumber
Function to strip out non-numeric characters (dollar signs, commas, etc.) from a
formatted number.
Option Explicit
Public Const gstrNUMERIC_DIGITS As String = "0123456789"
Public Const gstrUPPER_ALPHA_PLUS As String =

"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ,'-"
Public gblnPopulating As Boolean
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Sub CenterForm(pobjForm As Form)
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
With pobjForm
.Top = (Screen.Height - .Height) / 2
.Left = (Screen.Width - .Width) / 2
End With
End Sub
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function ValidKey(pintKeyValue As Integer, _
pstrSearchString As String) As Integer
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Common function to filter out keyboard characters passed to this
' function from KeyPress events.
'
' Typical call:
' KeyAscii = ValidKey(KeyAscii, gstrNUMERIC_DIGITS)
'
If pintKeyValue < 32 _
Or InStr(pstrSearchString, Chr$(pintKeyValue)) > 0 Then
'Do nothing - i.e., accept the control character or any key
' in the search string passed to this function ...
Else
'cancel (do not accept) any other key ...
pintKeyValue = 0
End If
ValidKey = pintKeyValue
End Function
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function ConvertUpper(pintKeyValue As Integer) As Integer
'------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Common function to force alphabetic keyboard characters to uppercase

' when called from the KeyPress event.
' Typical call:
' KeyAscii = ConvertUpper(KeyAscii)
'
If Chr$(pintKeyValue) >= "a" And Chr$(pintKeyValue) <= "z" Then
pintKeyValue = pintKeyValue - 32
End If
ConvertUpper = pintKeyValue
End Function
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Sub SelectTextBoxText(pobjTextbox As TextBox)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
With pobjTextbox
.SelStart = 0
.SelLength = Len(.Text)
End With
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Sub TabToNextTextBox(pobjTextBox1 As TextBox, pobjTextBox2 As

TextBox)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
If gblnPopulating Then Exit Sub
If pobjTextBox2.Enabled = False Then Exit Sub
If Len(pobjTextBox1.Text) = pobjTextBox1.MaxLength Then
pobjTextBox2.SetFocus
End If
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public Function UnFormatNumber(pstrNumberIn As String) As String
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim lngX As Long
Dim strCurrChar As String
Dim strNumberOut As String
strNumberOut = ""
For lngX = 1 To Len(pstrNumberIn)
strCurrChar = Mid$(pstrNumberIn, lngX, 1)
If InStr("0123456789.", strCurrChar) > 0 Then
strNumberOut = strNumberOut & strCurrChar
End If
Next
UnFormatNumber = strNumberOut
End Function
· Code the General Declarations section as shown below. Here, as in the previous
sample application, two ADO object variables, mobjADOConn and mobjADORst, are
defined at the form level, as are some other form-level variables that will be needed.
Option Explicit
Dim mobjADOConn As ADODB.Connection
Dim mobjADORst As ADODB.Recordset
Private mstrSQL As String
Private mdblMinAsking As Double
Private mblnUpdatePending As Boolean
Private mstrUpdateType As String
Private mavntUSStates As Variant
· Code the Form_Load event as shown below. In it, a programmer-defined Sub

named GetMinimumAsking is called (that routine is the one that displays the initial
prompt to the user to enter the minimum asking price of the properties they want to
work with). Then, the variant array mavntUSStates is loaded with the 50 US state
abbreviations, needed for validating the state input by the user. This is followed by a
call to the CenterForm sub. Then, the ADO connection object (mobjADOConn) is
instantiated, its ConnectionString property is set, and the Open method is invoked so
that we can use the Property database in the application. This is followed by a call to
the programmer-defined Sub GetPropertyData (which runs the query to create the
recordset that will be used to browse the Property table records), followed by a call to
the programmer-defined Sub SetFormState (which enables and disables controls at the
appropriate time).
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Form_Load()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' obtain the minimum asking price for the properties to be worked with
GetMinimumAsking
' load the array of states to be used for validation
mavntUSStates = Array("AK", "AL", "AR", "AZ", "CA", "CO", "CT", "DC", _
"DE", "FL", "GA", "HI", "IA", "ID", "IL", "IN", _
"KS", "KY", "LA", "MA", "MD", "ME", "MI", "MN", _
"MO", "MS", "MT", "NC", "ND", "NE", "NH", "NJ", _
"NM", "NV", "NY", "OH", "OK", "OR", "PA", "RI", _
"SC", "SD", "TN", "TX", "UT", "VA", "VT", "WA", _
"WI", "WV", "WY")
'center the form:
CenterForm Me
' Connect to the Property database:
Set mobjADOConn = New ADODB.Connection
mobjADOConn.ConnectionString = "DSN=PropDB;Uid=admin;Pwd=;"
mobjADOConn.Open
Call GetPropertyData
SetFormState False
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the GetMinimumAsking Sub, which uses the InputBox function to prompt to
the user to enter the minimum asking price of the properties they want to work with.
The resulting value is then stored in the form-level variable mdblMinAsking.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub GetMinimumAsking()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim strInputBoxPrompt As String
Dim strAsking As String
strInputBoxPrompt = "Enter the minimum asking price (for example, 200000) " _
& "for the properties that you want to work with this session." _
& vbNewLine _
& "To work with ALL properties, leave the default of zero."
strAsking = InputBox(strInputBoxPrompt, "Minimum Asking Price", "0")
If strAsking = "" Then
' user clicked Cancel button on the input box, so end the app
End
End If
mdblMinAsking = Val(strAsking)
End Sub
Code the GetPropertyData Sub, which builds the SQL to get the property records
meeting the minimum asking price condition. The Recordset object is then
instantiated, its CursorLocation property is set, and its Open method is invoked to
execute the SQL and return the resultset. This is done in a loop in case the resultset
does not return any records due to the fact no records in the table met the asking price
condition. In that situation, the user is given the opportunity to specify a different
asking price value. Following this, the programmer-defined Sub PopulateFormFields
is called (which displays the fields from the current record in their corresponding
textboxes on the form).
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub GetPropertyData()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim blnGotData As Boolean
blnGotData = False
Do
'select or reload the data to be displayed:
mstrSQL = "select propno" _
& " , empno" _
& " , address" _
& " , city" _
& " , state" _

& " , zip" _
& " , beds" _
& " , baths" _
& " , asking" _
& " from property" _
& " where asking >= " & mdblMinAsking _
& " order by propno"
Set mobjADORst = New ADODB.Recordset
mobjADORst.CursorLocation = adUseClient
mobjADORst.Open mstrSQL, mobjADOConn, adOpenDynamic, adLockOptimistic,

adCmdText
If MsgBox("There are no properties with an asking price >= " _
& Format$(mdblMinAsking, "Currency") _
& ". Do you want to try again with a different value?", _
vbYesNo + vbQuestion, _
"Asking Price") _
= vbYes Then
GetMinimumAsking
Else
End
End If
Else
blnGotData = True
End If
Loop Until blnGotData
Call PopulateFormFields
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the PopulateFormFields Sub, which assigns the fields from the current record to
their corresponding textboxes on the form. Note that the gblnPopulating Boolean
variable is set to True prior to the assignments and set to False after the assignments.
This value is used to control whether or not certain code executes in the event
procedures for some of these textboxes. The Sub SetRecNum is then called.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub PopulateFormFields()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
gblnPopulating = True
'copy the data from the resultset to the text boxes:
txtPropNo.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("propno")
txtEmpNo.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("empno")
txtAddress.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("address")
txtCity.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("city")
txtState.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("state")
txtZip.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("zip")
txtBeds.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("beds")
txtBaths.Text = mobjADORst.Fields("baths")
txtAsking.Text = Format$(mobjADORst.Fields("asking"), "Currency")
gblnPopulating = False
Call SetRecNum
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the SetRecNum Sub. This sub is identical to the one used in Sample Application
2. It displays the number of the current record at the bottom of the screen using the
AbsolutePosition and RowCount properties of the Recordset object.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub SetRecNum()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
StatusBar1.SimpleText = "row " & mobjADORst.AbsolutePosition _
& " of " & mobjADORst.RecordCount
End Sub
Code the SetFormState Sub, which takes in a Boolean argument used to set the
Enabled property of the controls on the form. Based on whether the value True or
False is passed to this sub, this sub ensures that the textboxes are enabled for adds and
updates and disabled for browsing; it also ensures that the various command buttons
are enabled or disabled at the appropriate time. This Sub also sets the form-level
Boolean variable mblnUpdatePending.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub SetFormState(pblnEnabled As Boolean)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
txtPropNo.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtEmpNo.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtAddress.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtCity.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtState.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtZip.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtBeds.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtBaths.Enabled = pblnEnabled
txtAsking.Enabled = pblnEnabled
cmdSave.Enabled = pblnEnabled
cmdCancel.Enabled = pblnEnabled
cmdAdd.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdUpdate.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdDelete.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdExit.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdMoveFirst.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdMoveNext.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled

cmdMovePrevious.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
cmdMoveLast.Enabled = Not pblnEnabled
mblnUpdatePending = pblnEnabled
End Sub
Code the Form_Unload event. In it, the form-level Boolean variable

mblnUpdatePending is tested to see if (well, an update is pending – i.e., whether an
add or update is in progress). If the user is in the middle of an add or update and then
clicks the "X" button on the upper-right corner of the form, they will receive the
message that they must save or cancel prior to exiting the application, and the form
will NOT be unloaded (because we are assigning a non-zero value to the Cancel
argument in that situation). Provided that an add or update is not in progress, we set
the database objects to Nothing and the Unload will complete.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub Form_Unload(Cancel As Integer)
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
If mblnUpdatePending Then
MsgBox "You must save or cancel the current operation prior to exiting.", _
vbExclamation, _
"Exit"
Cancel = 1
Else
Set mobjADORst = Nothing
Set mobjADOConn = Nothing
End If
End Sub
Code the events for the various Textboxes as shown below. The code in these events
ensure the following:
· For all, highlight the text in the textbox when it receives focus.
· For all but the last textbox, if the maximum number of characters typed into the
textbox is reached, auto-tab to the next textbox.
· Only numeric digits should be entered into the property number, employee
number, zip codes, and beds textboxes.
· Only numeric digits and optionally one decimal point should be entered into the
baths and asking textboxes.
· Force uppercase on the state textbox.
· When the asking textbox receives focus, the value in there should be
unformatted. When the asking textbox loses focus, its value should be formatted as
currency.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Textbox events
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
' property #
Private Sub txtPropNo_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtPropNo
End Sub
Private Sub txtPropNo_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
KeyAscii = ValidKey(KeyAscii, gstrNUMERIC_DIGITS)
End Sub
Private Sub txtPropNo_Change()

TabToNextTextBox txtPropNo, txtEmpNo
End Sub
' emp #
Private Sub txtEmpNo_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtEmpNo
End Sub
Private Sub txtEmpNo_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
End Sub
Private Sub txtEmpNo_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtEmpNo, txtAddress
End Sub
' address
Private Sub txtAddress_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtAddress
End Sub
Private Sub txtAddress_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtAddress, txtCity
End Sub
' city
Private Sub txtCity_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtCity
End Sub
Private Sub txtCity_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtCity, txtState
End Sub
' state
Private Sub txtState_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtState
End Sub
Private Sub txtState_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
KeyAscii = ConvertUpper(KeyAscii)
End Sub
Private Sub txtState_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtState, txtZip
End Sub
' zip
Private Sub txtZip_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtZip
End Sub
Private Sub txtZip_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
End Sub
Private Sub txtZip_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtZip, txtBeds

End Sub
' beds
Private Sub txtBeds_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtBeds
End Sub
Private Sub txtBeds_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
End Sub
Private Sub txtBeds_Change()
TabToNextTextBox txtBeds, txtBaths
End Sub
' baths
Private Sub txtBaths_GotFocus()
SelectTextBoxText txtBaths
End Sub
Private Sub txtBaths_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
KeyAscii = ValidKey(KeyAscii, gstrNUMERIC_DIGITS & ".")
' if text already has a decimal point, do not allow another ...
If Chr$(KeyAscii) = "." And InStr(txtBaths.Text, ".") > 0 Then
KeyAscii = 0
End If
End Sub
Private Sub txtBaths_Change()

TabToNextTextBox txtBaths, txtAsking
End Sub
' asking price
Private Sub txtAsking_GotFocus()
txtAsking.Text = UnFormatNumber(txtAsking.Text)
SelectTextBoxText txtAsking
End Sub
Private Sub txtAsking_KeyPress(KeyAscii As Integer)
KeyAscii = ValidKey(KeyAscii, gstrNUMERIC_DIGITS & ".")
' if text already has a decimal point, do not allow another ...
If Chr$(KeyAscii) = "." And InStr(txtAsking.Text, ".") > 0 Then
KeyAscii = 0
End If
End Sub
Private Sub txtAsking_LostFocus()
txtAsking.Text = Format$(txtAsking.Text, "Currency")
End Sub
Code the events for the navigation buttons as shown below, using the resultset
"Move" methods to move to the first, last, next, or previous record, respectively.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveFirst_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveLast_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MoveLast
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMoveNext_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MoveNext
Beep
mobjADORst.MoveLast
End If
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdMovePrevious_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
mobjADORst.MovePrevious
If mobjADORst.BOF Then
Beep
End If
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the Click event for the cmdAdd button. In it, the textboxes are cleared, the
SetFormState sub is called (passing it a parameter of True, which will enable the
textboxes and the Save and Cancel buttons and disable all the other buttons), set the
form-level variable mstrUpdateType to "A" (indicating that an add is pending) and
sets focus to the Property Number field.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdAdd_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'clear all the text boxes:
txtPropNo.Text = ""
txtEmpNo.Text = ""
txtAddress.Text = ""
txtCity.Text = ""
txtState.Text = ""
txtZip.Text = ""
txtBeds.Text = ""
txtBaths.Text = ""
txtAsking.Text = ""
SetFormState True
mstrUpdateType = "A"
txtPropNo.SetFocus
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the Click event for the cmdUpdate button. In it, the SetFormState sub is called
(passing it a parameter of True, which will enable the textboxes and the Save and
Cancel buttons and disable all the other buttons), set the form-level variable
mstrUpdateType to "U" (indicating that an update is pending), disables the Property
Number field (because it is the primary key and should not be changed) and sets focus
to the Employee Number field.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdUpdate_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
SetFormState True
mstrUpdateType = "U"
' being that propno is the primary key, it should not be updatable
txtPropNo.Enabled = False
txtEmpNo.SetFocus
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
Code the Click event for the cmdSave button. The user would click this button after
they have completed entries for an add or update. This sub first invokes the
ValidateAllFields function, which returns a Boolean indicating whether or not all
entries passed their edit checks. If not, we exit the sub and the record is not saved; the
user remains in "update pending" mode and has the opportunity to correct the entries.
Provided that validation is successful, the sub proceeds. The mstrUpdateType variable
is checked to see whether we are dealing with an add or an update.
If we are dealing with an add, we invoke the AddNew method of the Recordset
object. The AddNew method prepares a new row you can edit and subsequently add
to the Recordset object using the Update method. After you modify the new row, you
must use the Update method to save the changes and add the row to the result set. No
changes are made to the database until you use the Update method. (The Update
method is invoked after the content of the textboxes has been assigned to the database
fields.)
If we are dealing with an update, we can just start modifying the fields (provided an
appropriate cursor type has been selected) – unlike DAO and RDO, ADO does not
use an Edit method. Changes made to the current row’s columns are copied to the
copy buffer. After you make the desired changes to the row, use the Update method to
save your changes or the CancelUpdate method to discard them. (If you move on to
another record without invoking Update, your changes will be lost.)
The content of the textboxes is assigned to the database fields, then the Update
method is invoked. The Update method saves the contents of the copy buffer row to a
specified updatable Recordset object and discards the copy buffer.
The mstrUpdateType variable is checked once again, and if we are dealing with an
add, there is some extra work to do. Although the new record has been added, the
original resultset still does not contain the new record. The Requery method must be
invoked, which updates the data in a Recordset object by re-executing the query on
which the object is based. The Find method is then used to position to the new record.
The ADO Find method has the following syntax:
RecordsetObject.Find Criteria, SkipRows, SearchDirection, Start
The Criteria argument is a String value that specifies the column name, comparison
operator, and value to use in the search. Only a single-column name may be specified
in criteria; multi-column searches are not supported. The comparison operator may be
">" (greater than), "<" (less than), "=" (equal), ">=" (greater than or equal), "<=" (less
than or equal), "<>" (not equal), or "like" (pattern matching). The value may be a
string, floating-point number, or date. String values are delimited with single quotes
or "#" (number sign) marks (for example, "state = 'WA'" or "state = #WA#"). Date
values are delimited with "#" (number sign) marks (for example, "start_date >
#7/22/97#"). These values can contain hours, minutes, and seconds to indicate time
stamps, but should not contain milliseconds or errors will occur. If the comparison
operator is "like", the string value may contain an asterisk (*) to find one or more
occurrences of any character or substring. For example, "state like 'M*'" matches
Maine and Massachusetts. You can also use leading and trailing asterisks to find a
substring contained within the values. For example, "state like '*as*'" matches Alaska,
Arkansas, and Massachusetts. Asterisks can be used only at the end of a criteria
string, or together at both the beginning and end of a criteria string, as shown above.
You cannot use the asterisk as a leading wildcard ('*str'), or embedded wildcard
('s*r'). This will cause an error.
SkipRows is an optional Long value, whose default is zero, that specifies the row
offset from the current row (or bookmark row specified by the Start argument, if
present) to begin the search. By default, the search will start on the current row.
SearchDirection is an optional value that determines in which direction the search is

performed. The value is specified by the constants adSearchForward (the default) or
adSearchBackward, which equate to values of 1 or -1, respectively.
Start is an optional Variant bookmark that functions as the starting position for the
search.
Note: Unlike DAO, ADO does not have a "NoMatch" property. If the ADO Find
method is unsuccessful, the record pointer is positioned at the end of the Recordset.
The SetRecNum sub is then be called to display the status bar information about the
new record. The SetFormState sub is then called with a parameter of False, which
causes the textboxes and the Save and Cancel buttons to be disabled and all other
buttons to be enabled.
Note that in the statement that assigns the contents of the txtAsking textbox to the
asking field of the table, our UnFormatNumber function is used to strip off the non-
numeric characters. This is because we are using a display format that includes a
dollar sign and commas on the txtAsking control, and an error would occur if we
attempted to assign this directly to the asking field, which is defined as numeric.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdSave_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
If Not ValidateAllFields Then Exit Sub
If mstrUpdateType = "A" Then

mobjADORst.AddNew
Else
' We can just update the fields. No explicit Edit method
' is available or needed.
End If
'save the data to the database:
mobjADORst.Fields("propno") = txtPropNo.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("empno") = txtEmpNo.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("address") = txtAddress.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("city") = txtCity.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("state") = txtState.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("zip") = txtZip.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("beds") = txtBeds.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("baths") = txtBaths.Text
mobjADORst.Fields("asking") = UnFormatNumber(txtAsking.Text)
mobjADORst.Update
'after the new record is added, the db must be re-queried
'so that the resultset contains the new record:
mobjADORst.Requery
' reposition to the record just added
mobjADORst.Find "propno = " & txtPropNo.Text
'display status info about the new record
SetRecNum
End If
Reset:
SetFormState False
Exit Sub
LocalError:
Resume Reset
End Sub
Code the Click event for the cmdDelete button. The user is first asked to confirm that
they want to delete the record, and if so, the Delete method of the resultset object is
invoked, which deletes the current row in an updatable resultset object. The Requery
method is then invoked so that the record is removed from the resultset that the user is
working with. The Find method is then invoked to position the next record after the
deleted one. If it was the last record that was deleted, then we position to the "new"
last record using the MoveLast property. PopulateFormFields must then be called to
display the contents of the new current record.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdDelete_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
'when the current record is deleted, the current location in the recordset
'is invalid. use the Requery method to re-execute the query and update
'the data.
If MsgBox("Are you sure you want to delete this record?", _
vbYesNo + vbQuestion, _
"Delete") = vbNo Then

Exit Sub
End If
mobjADORst.Delete
mobjADORst.Requery
' reposition to one past the record just deleted
mobjADORst.Find "propno > " & txtPropNo.Text
' If it was the last record that was deleted, the Find method will
' come back with EOF, in which case we should MoveLast to position
' us to the "new" last record ...
If mobjADORst.EOF Then mobjADORst.MoveLast
'load data into the text boxes:
Exit Sub
LocalError:
End Sub
The ValidateAllFields function, which returns a Boolean value indicating whether or

not all fields have passed validation checks. This function calls upon two "helper"
functions: PropertyExists and ValidState. When the user is doing an add, the
PropertyExist function is called to see whether or not the proposed Property Number
is already being used in the Property table. If so, the user is informed that they can't
use that number (because it is the primary key and must be unique) and so they must
use a different number. The ValidState routine is called to ensure that the user has
entered a valid US state. The code for all three functions is shown below.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Function ValidateAllFields() As Boolean
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValidateAllFields = False 'guilty until proven innocent
If txtPropNo.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Property # must not be blank.", vbExclamation, "Property #"
txtPropNo.SetFocus
Exit Function
ElseIf PropertyExists Then
MsgBox "Property # already exists. Please use a different #.", _
vbExclamation, _
"Property #"
txtPropNo.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
End If
If txtEmpNo.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Emp # must not be blank.", vbExclamation, "Emp #"
txtEmpNo.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If txtAddress.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "Address must not be blank.", vbExclamation, "Address"

txtAddress.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If txtCity.Text = "" Then
MsgBox "City must not be blank.", vbExclamation, "City"
txtCity.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If Not ValidState Then
MsgBox "Missing or invalid state.", vbExclamation, "State"
txtState.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If txtZip.Text = "" Or Len(txtZip.Text) = 5 Then
' it's OK
Else
MsgBox "Zip code must either be blank or exactly 5 digits.", _
vbExclamation, _
"Zip Code"
txtZip.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If Val(txtBeds.Text) = 0 Then
MsgBox "Beds must not be zero.", vbExclamation, "Beds"
txtBeds.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If Val(txtBaths.Text) = 0 Then
MsgBox "Baths must not be zero.", vbExclamation, "Baths"
txtBaths.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
If Val(UnFormatNumber(txtAsking.Text)) = 0 Then
MsgBox "Asking must not be zero.", vbExclamation, "Asking"
txtAsking.SetFocus
Exit Function
End If
' if we make it here, all fields have passed edit
ValidateAllFields = True
End Function
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Function ValidState() As Boolean
'--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim lngX As Long
Dim blnStateFound As Boolean
blnStateFound = False
For lngX = 0 To UBound(mavntUSStates)
If txtState.Text = mavntUSStates(lngX) Then

blnStateFound = True
Exit For
End If
Next
ValidState = blnStateFound
End Function
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Function PropertyExists() As Boolean
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Dim objTempRst As New ADODB.Recordset
Dim strSQL As String
strSQL = "select count(*) as the_count from property where propno = " &
txtPropNo.Text
objTempRst.Open strSQL, mobjADOConn, adOpenForwardOnly, , adCmdText
If objTempRst("the_count") > 0 Then
PropertyExists = True
Else
PropertyExists = False
End If
End Function
Code the Click event for the cmdCancel button. The user would click this button if,
during an add or update, they decide to abandon the operation. Here,
PopulateFormFields is called to reset the textboxes to their content prior to the user
clicking the Add or Update button, and SetFormState is called with a parameter of
False, which causes the textboxes and the Save and Cancel buttons to be disabled and
all other buttons to be enabled.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdCancel_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
PopulateFormFields
SetFormState False
End Sub
Code the Click event for the cmdExit button, which issues the Unload Me statement
to fire the Form_Unload event, which will unload the form and end the application.
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub cmdExit_Click()
'-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Unload Me
End Sub

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COMPUTER PROGRAM

Computer programs are of two categories

CREATING PROGRAM’S USER INTERFACE

(2) Text Box Control

(3) Command Button Controls

(4) Option Button Control

(5) Check Box Control:

List Box control:

When it is added to a form, it will look as it is shown in the figure. A vertical

Sorted property: Set it to true to display list items in a sorted order. If it is

Combo Box Control:

Responding To The User With Event Procedure:

1. First group : Determines type of button

2. Second group determines type of icon to display

3. Third group determines default button

Ex :- Massage Box “Hello”

Massage Box “The last name must not be blank” Vb Exclamation

The Last name . . . . . .

Massage box “data base error”, Vb critical, “Update Table”

Data based error . . . . . .

Are you sure

In Exit button’s click event,

In continue button’s click event,

Prompt can display up to 1024 characters & user can enter

Str = InputBox (“Enter your Name”)

Open Save Color Font Print Help

Common dialog control (CdTest)

3. To add an image to the image list, click the insert picture

Private sub TblTest_Button click (By val button as MSComct/Lib-

Variable type character

Fixed length strings :

OPTION EXPLICIT STAEMENT

Example txt name 1 txt Age 1

Enter Name Birth Date

Enter Name Birth Date

txt name 1 txt Age 1

Compare Cmd age

cmdage click () event

Bill with discount

Din bill, amt as single

 VIEW TYPES IN LIST VIEW :

 Adding column Headers :

Private Sub form – load ()

Set Co/Hd = listview/column Headers. Add

Country Wins Losses

Ex. For Simple list :

txtArray lostfocus (Index as integer)

To highlight the lable when matching textbox is having focus,

Private Sub Combo1_Click()

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Personal Educationa Experience

Frame1 (Personal) Frame 2 (Education)

Name Gender S.S.C.

Private Sub Command1_Click()

Originally Written By TheVBProgramer.

The "Alphabet Soup" of Database Access

About this Tutorial

Setting Up an ODBC Data Source

· Via Windows Control Panel, double-click on Administrative Tools, then Data

Note: If VB was installed in a different location on your system, navigate to the