Republic of the Philippines

Leyte Normal University

Tacloban City

ASIA:
A bountiful country

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirement FSSE 104
Places and Landscape in the Changing World

Presented To:
Michelle Torreros
Faculty-Social Studies Unit

Presented By:
Cristina R. Calagos
Rodolfo C. Capili
Aljo C. Gaw
Lea Mie Y. Fajardo
Shuvie Ann B. Luban
BSED-SS13
10:30 – 12:00 MTh
ASIA Basic Facts
•Asia is the largest continent on the planet.
•Asia is the most populous continent in the world. The current population of Asia
is 4,589,830,211 as of Sunday, August 18, 2019, based on the latest United
Nations estimates. Asia population is equivalent to 59.66% of the total world
population. Asia ranks number 1 among regions of the world (roughly equivalent
to "continents"), ordered by population

•The largest country in the world is located in Asia which is "RUSSIA", it covers a
total area of 17,075,200 square km.

1
• India's population size is more than 1.3 billion individuals making the 2nd most
populated country in the world.

• 90% of the world's rice is consumed in Asian countries.

• The largest city in Asia is Tokyo.

2
• The tallest building in the world is located in Asia the "burjkhalifa" in Dubai. It is
2,717 feet building and I was built on year 2010 and it has 163 floors.

Aside for being most mountainous continent, The highest mountains is located in
Asia, Including:
• Mount Everest is the most highest mountain in Asia and the world at 29,035
feet and it is the border of Nepal, Tibet and China.

3
• K2 is the second tallest peak in Asia and the world, k2 mountain is known as
Chogori, stands on the border of China and Pakistan in the karakoram range

• Lhotse mountain is the border between Nepal and Tibet, and it is the fourth
tallest mountain in Asia and the world at 27, 939 feet.

4
ASIA Its Religion
RANK & RELIGION POPULATION
1. HINDUISM 25.3
2. ISLAM 24.3
3. UNAFFILIATED 21.2
4. BUDDHISTS 11.9
5. FOLK RELIGION 9.0
6. CHRISTIAN 7.1
7. OTHERS 1.3

Asia is the largest continent in the world and the birthplace of numerous
religions including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Confucianism, Buddhism, and
Hinduism among others. All these religions are practiced in Asia with multiple
forms of religions continually emerging. Hinduism and Islam represent the largest
religious group in Asia with over a billion followers.

- Hinduism is one of the oldest and largest religions in Asia with over a billion
followers. Over 25% of the people living in Asia are followers of Hinduism.
- Islam is the most prominent religion in Asia with over 1.1 billion followers. It
is an Abraham religion whose followers adhere to the teachings of
Mohammad (God’s last prophet).
- Buddhism is the third largest group in Asia which is practiced by about
11.9% of people in Asia. It is the fourth largest religion in the world with over
520 million followers which are about 7% of the global population.

Other religion in Asia. About 21% of the people living in Asia are unaffiliated,
which means that one in every five individuals do not associate with any religion
while one in every ten people are Buddhists. 9% of the people in Asia follow folk
religions like Australian aboriginal and Chinese folk religions. Approximately 1% of
the people in Asia are Christians while other minor religions make up less than 1%
of the population.

5
ASIA Its Origin
• The name Asia is ancient, and its origin has been variously explained. The
Greeks usedit to designate the lands situated to theeast of their homeland. It is
believed thatthe name may be derived from theAssyrian word asu, meaning
"east." Anotherpossible explanation is that it was originally a local name given to
the plains of Ephesus,which ancient Greeks and Romansextended to refer first to
Anatolia(contemporary Asia Minor, which is thewestern extreme of mainland
Asia), andthen to the known world east of theMediterranean Sea. When
Westernexplorers reached South and East Asia inearly modern times, they
extended thatlabel to the whole of the immenselandmass.
Asia is not only Earth’s largest continent but also its youngest and structurally most-
complicated one. Although Asia’s evolution began almost four billion years ago, more
than half of the continent remains seismically active, and new continental material is
currently being produced in the island arc systems that surround it to the east and
southeast. In such places, new land is continuously emerging and is added to the bulk of
the continent by episodic collisions of the island arcs with the mainland. Asia also contains
the greatest mountain mass on Earth’s surface: the Plateau of Tibet and the bordering
mountains of the Himalayas, Karakoram Range, Hindu Kush, Pamirs, Kunlun Mountains,
and Tien Shan. By virtue of its enormous size and relative youth, Asia contains many of the
morphological extremes of Earth’s land surface—such as its highest and lowest points,
longest coastline, and largest area of continental shelf. Asia’s immense mountain ranges,
varied coastline, and vast continental plains and basins have had a profound effect on
the course of human history. The fact that Asia produces vast quantities of fossil fuels—
petroleum, natural gas, and coal—in addition to being a significant contributor to the
global production of many minerals (e.g., about three-fifths of the world’s tin) heavily
underlines the importance of its geology for the welfare of the world’s population.
Map of Asia in 18th Century

6
 COUNTRIES IN ASIAWITH THE POPULATION AND CAPITALS
There are 48 countries in Asia today, according to the UnitedNations. The full list
is shown in the table below, with currentpopulation (based on the United
Nationsofficial statistics).
COUNTRY POPULATION CAPITAL
China 1,420,062,002 Beijing
India 1,368,737,513 New Dhelhi
Indonesia 269,536,282 Jakarta
Pakistan 204,596,442 Islamabad
Bangladesh 168,065,920 Dhaka
Japan 126,853,745 Tokyo
Philippines 108,106,310 Manila
Vietnam 97,429,061 Hanoi
Turkey 82,961,805 Ankara
Iran 82,820,766 Tehran
Thailand 69,306,160 Bangkok
Myanmar 53,336,138 Nay Pyi Taw
South Korea 59,339,238 Seoul
Iraq 40,412,299 Baghdad
Afghanistan 37,209,007 Kabul

7
Saudi Arabia 34,143,622 Riyadh
Uzbekistan 32,807,368 Tashkent
Malaysia 32,454,455 Kuala Lumpur
Nepal 29,942,018 Kathmandu
Yemen 29,579,986 Sana’a
North Korea 25,727,408 Pyongyang
Sri Lanka 21,018,859 Sri Jayawardenepura
Kotte, Colombo
Kazakhstan 18,592,970 Astana
Syria 18,499,181 Damascus
Cambodia 16,482,646 Phnom Penh
Jordan 10,069,794 Amman
Azerbaijan 10,014,575 Baku
United Arab Emirates 9,682,088 Abu Dhabi
Tajikistan 9,292,000 Dushanbe
Israel 8,583,916 Jerusalem
Laos 7,064,242 Vientiane
Kyrgyzstan 6,218,616 Bishkek
Lebanon 6,065,922 Beirut
Turkmenistan 5,942,561 Ashgabat
Singapore 5,868,104 Singapore
State of Palestine 5,186,790
Oman 5,001,875 Muscat
Kuwait 4,248,974 Kuwait City
Georgia 3,904,204 Tbilisi/T’bilisi
Mongolia 3,166,244 Ulaanbaatar
Armenia 2,936,706 Yerevan
Qatar 2,743,901 Doha
Bahrain 1,637,896 Manama
Timor-Leste 1,352,360 Dili
Cyprus 1,198,427 Nicosia
Bhutan 826,229 Thimphu
Maldives 451,738 Male
Brunei 439,336 Bandar Seri Begawan

8
ASIA Sub-Regions

9
ASIA Physical Landscapes
• Asia can be divided into five major physical regions: mountain systems;
plateaus; plains, steppes, and deserts; freshwater environments; and saltwater
environments.
Mountains System

The Himalaya mountains extend for about 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles),
separating the Indian subcontinent from the rest of Asia. The Indian
subcontinent, once connected to Africa, collided with the Eurasian continent
about 50 million to 55 million years ago, forming the Himalayas. The Indian
subcontinent is still crashing northward into Asia, and the Himalayas are growing
about 5 centimeters (2 inches) every year.

The Himalayas cover more than 612,000 square kilometers (236,000 square
miles), passing through the northern states of India and making up most of the
terrain of Nepal and Bhutan. The Himalayas are so vast that they are composed
of three different mountain belts. The northernmost belt, known as the Great
Himalayas, has the highest average elevation at 6,096 meters (20,000 feet). The
belt contains nine of the highest peaks in the world, which all reach more than
7,925 meters (26,000 feet) tall. This belt includes the highest mountain summit in
the world, Mount Everest, which stands at 8,850 meters (29,035 feet).

The Tien Shan mountain system stretches for about 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles),
straddling the border between Kyrgyzstan and China. The name Tien Shan
means “Celestial Mountains” in Chinese. The two highest peaks in the Tien Shan
are Victory Peak, which stands at 7,439 meters (24,406 feet), and Khan Tängiri
Peak, which stands at 6,995 meters (22,949 feet). Tien Shan also has more than

10
10,100 square kilometers (3,900 square miles) of glaciers. The largest glacier is
Engil'chek Glacier, which is about 60 kilometers (37 miles) long.

The Ural Mountains run for approximately 2,500 kilometers (1,550 miles) in an
indirect north-south line from Russia to Kazakhstan. The Ural Mountains are some
of the world’s oldest, at 250 million to 300 million years old. Millions of years of
erosion have lowered the mountains significantly, and today their average
elevation is between 914 and 1,220 meters (3,000 to 4,000 feet). The highest
peak is Mount Narodnaya at 1,895 meters (6,217 feet).
Plateaus

Asia is home to many plateaus, areas of relatively level high ground. The Iranian
plateau covers more than 3.6 million square kilometers (1.4 million square miles),
encompassing most of Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. The plateau is not
uniformly flat, but contains some high mountains and low river basins. The
highest mountain peak is Damavand, at 5,610 meters (18,410 feet). The plateau
also has two large deserts, the Dasht-e Kavir and Dasht-e Lut.

The Deccan Plateau makes up most of the southern part of India. The plateau’s
average elevation is about 600 meters (2,000 feet). It is bordered by three
mountain ranges: the Satpura Range in the north, and the Eastern and Western
Ghats on either side. The plateau and its main waterways—the Godavari and
Krishna rivers—gently slope toward the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of Bengal.

The Tibetan Plateau is usually considered the largest and highest area ever to
exist in the history of Earth. Known as the “Rooftop of the World,” the plateau
covers an area about half the size of the contiguous United States and averages

11
more than 5,000 meters (16,400 feet) above sea level. The Tibetan Plateau is
extremely important to the world’s water cycle because of its tremendous
number of glaciers. These glaciers contain the largest volume of ice outside the
poles. The ice and snow from these glaciers feed Asia’s largest rivers.
Approximately 2 billion people depend on the rivers fed by the plateau’s
glaciers.
Plains, Steppes, and Deserts

The West Siberian Plain, located in central Russia, is considered one of the
world’s largest areas of continuous flatland. It extends from north to south about
2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) and from west to east about 1,900 kilometers (1,200
miles). With more than 50 percent of its area at less than 100 meters (330 feet)
above sea level, the plain contains some of the world’s largest swamps and
flood plains.

Central Asia is dominated by a steppe landscape, a large area of flat, unfrosted

grassland. Mongolia can be divided into different steppe zones: the mountain
forest steppe, the arid steppe, and the desert steppe. These zones transition
from the country’s mountainous region in the north to the Gobi Desert on the
southern border with China.

The Rub’ al Khali desert, considered the world’s largest sand sea, covers an area
larger than France across Saudi Arabia, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and
Yemen. It holds roughly half as much sand as Africa’s Sahara desert, even
though it is 15 times smaller in size. The desert is known as the Empty Quarter
because it is virtually inhospitable to humans except for Bedouin tribes that live
on its edges.

12
Freshwater

Lake Baikal, located in southern Russia, is the deepest lake in the world,
reaching a depth of 1,620 meters (5,315 feet). The lake contains 20 percent of
the world’s unfrozen freshwater, making it the largest reservoir on Earth. It is also
the world’s oldest lake, at 25 million years old.

The Yangtze is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world (behind
the Amazon of South America and the Nile of Africa). Reaching 6,300 kilometers
(3,915 miles) in length, the Yangtze moves east from the glaciers of the Tibetan
Plateau to the river’s mouth on the East 3China Sea. The Yangtze is considered
the lifeblood of China. It drains one-fifth of the country’s land area, is home to
one-third of its population, and contributes greatly to China’s economy.

13
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers begin in the highlands of eastern Turkey and flow
through Syria and Iraq, joining in the city of Qurna, Iraq, before emptying into
the Persian Gulf. The land between the two rivers, known as Mesopotamia, was
the center of the earliest civilizations, including Sumer and the Akkadian Empire.
Today, the Tigris-Euphrates river system is under threat from increased
agricultural and industrial use. These pressures have caused desertification and
increased salts in the soil, severely damaging local watershed habitats.

Saltwater

The Persian Gulf has an area of more than 234,000 square kilometers (90,000
square miles). It borders Iran, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Qatar,
Bahrain, Kuwait, and Iraq. The gulf is subject to high rates of evaporation,
making it shallow and extremely salty. The seabed beneath the Persian Gulf
contains an estimated 50 percent of the world’s oil reserves. The countries that
border the gulf have engaged in a number of disputes over this rich resource.

14
The Sea of Okhotsk covers 1.5 million square kilometers (611,000 square miles)
between the Russian mainland and the Kamchatka Peninsula. The sea is largely
frozen between October and March. Large ice floes make winter navigation
almost impossible.

The Bay of Bengal is the largest bay in the world, covering almost 2.2 million
square kilometers (839,000 square miles) and bordering Bangladesh, India, Sri
Lanka, and Burma. Many large rivers, including the Ganges and Brahmaputra,
empty into the bay. The briny wetlands formed by the Ganges-Brahmaputra on
the Bay of Bengal is the largest delta in the world.

15
 BEST OF ASIA: Top 10 UNESCO World Heritage
1. LuangPrabang,Laos
A historic city nestled in the hills, UNESCO protected LuangPrabang is widely
regardedas the jewel in Laos' glittering crown. Theallure of this charming
riverside town lies inits faded colonial mansions, gilded templesand saffron-
robed monks collecting alms.

2. Borobudur, Indonesia
Surrounded by rice paddies and lofty volcanic peaks, Borobudur
in Java has survived over a thousand years of violent earthquakes
and ash clouds and remains immaculately preserved. With
elegant stupas, intricate carvings andmystical atmosphere, this is
one of Asia’s mostimportant Buddhist monuments.

16
3. Kyoto, Japan
Having escaped the WWIl bombings, Kyotooozes history and is the
undisputed cultural Centre of Japan. A whopping 17 sites have
beenrecognized by UNESCO under the collective heading
'Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto, and amongst them are
some of the best examples of traditional Japanese architecture
and manicured gardens anywhere in the country.

4. Halong Bay, Vietnam

Halong Bay is a spectacular seascape of over 2,000 limestone
pinnacles and islands, rising from the emerald green waters of the
Gulf of Tonkin. Literally translating as 'where the dragon descends
into the sea', legend has it that this magnificent landscape was
created by a dragon crashing down from the mountains,
knocking rocks into the sea below.

17
5. Kinabalu National Park, Borneo
Home to over 4,500 species of flora and fauna, Kinabalu National
Park in Sabah was the first place in Malaysia to be
awardedUNESCO status. Undoubtedly the main draw here is the
lofty Mount Kinabalu, known asBorneos roof, with its craggy
granite peak soaring 4,095 meters above the jungle below.

6. Angor Wat, Cambodia

Once the seat of the ancient Khmer Empire, the magical temple
complex of Angkor WWatinSiem Reap is a truly iconic
archaeological gem. Built for King Suryavarman Il in the early 12th
century, this magnificently restored city is made up of over 1,000
imposing temples, some still hidden away, crumbling under jungle
vines.

18
7. Great Wall of China
Stretching for almost 4,000 miles, the Great Wall of China which is
best accessed from Beijing is the biggest form of ancient
architecture on the planet and one of the world’s most iconic
sights. Traversing rugged countryside and mountain ranges, the
winding path of the Great Wall is an awe-inspiring feat of
defensive engineering.

8. Komodo National Park, Indonesia

Composed of a collection of Indonesia’s outer islands, Komodo
National Park is home to the rare Komodo dragon, which is the
world’s largest lizard and endemic to the area. The sea
surrounding the islands is also teeming with creatures; manta rays,
sharks, dolphins and even blue whales are all attracted to the
water's rich nutrients caused by a convergence of two currents.

19
 9. Hoi An, Vietnam
The riverside town of Hoi An was a merchant port from the 16th to
19th centuries, drawing seafaring traders from Japan, India,
Indonesia and Europe to purchase their exotic spices, silk and
porcelain. Remnants of this era remain, and today Hoi As
architectural treasures are protected by itsUNESCO World
Heritage status.

10. Ayutthaya, Thailand

Just 80km north of Bangkok lies Ayutthaya, a vast ancient trading
port which was once the capital of the Kingdom of Siam. The ruins
of the city are now protected byUNESCO as a historical landmark,
with Buddhist temples, monasteries, palaces and intricate statues
all waiting to be explored.

20
ASIA Socio-Economy Aspects
• Asia is the fastest growing economic region, as well as the largest continental
economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world. China, Japan, India,
South Korea and Indonesia are currently the top five economies in Asia.

1) China- $10.028 Trillion

China is the world's most populous nation and the second largest economy in
the world after United States. The nation has a social market economy.
2) Japan- GDP: $4.846 Trillion
This island nation is a developed economy. Tokyo is the capital of Japan. The
Tokyo Stock Exchange is the largest stock exchange in Asia. Japan is a member
of the Group of Eight. The nation has the largest electronic goods industry. It is
one of the most innovative countries in the world.

21
3) India - GDP: $2 Trillion
India is one of the world's fastest growing economies. Indian labor force is the
second largest in the world. The service sector makes up 55.6 percent of GDP.
Despite impressive economic growth, India faces many socioeconomic
challenges. The nation
4) South Korea - GDP: $1.308
Trillion South Korea is one of the G-20 major economies. This developed nation is
a high-income economy. Its the most industrialized member of the OECD. It is
the only developed nation to have been included in the group of Next Eleven
nations. Its economy is heavilydependent on international trade.
5) Indonesia - GDP: $867.468Billion
The Indonesian archipelago has been unimportant trade region since the
seventh century. The nation has a mixed economy. Indonesia is the largest
economy in Southeast Asia. The industry sector accounts for more than
45percent of GDP. The nation is blessed with extensive natural resources.
6) Saudi Arabia - GDP:$718.472 Billion
Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Arab world. Its command economy is
petroleum-based. Approximately 75 percent of budget revenues and around 90
percent of export earnings come from oil industry.
7) Iran-GDP: $405.540Billion
Iran is an upper-middle income economy. Its economy is a mixture of central
planning, village agriculture, state ownership of oil and other large enterprises,
and small scale private trading and service ventures.
8) United Arab EmiratesGDP: $396,235 Billion
UAE is the second largest economy in the Arab world. One-third of the GDP of
UAE is from oil revenues. Since independence in 1971, the nation’s economy has
grown by nearly 231 times.
9) Thailand - GDP: $387.156Billion
Thailand is an emerging economy. It is a newly industrialized nation. It
experienced world’s highest growth rate (averaging 12.4 percent annually)
between 1985 and 1996.
10) Malaysia - GDP: $367.712Billion
Malaysia is a newly industrialized market economy. Its GDP has grown at an
average of 6.5 percent annually between 1957 and 2005. Since the 1980sthe
industrial sector has led the nation's growth.

22
ASIA: TYPES,OF INDUSTRY
• Agriculture-Based Industries
• Mineral-Based Industries
• Manufacturing-Based Industries
• Services-Based Industries

23
ASIA Culture & Tradition
● Buddhism: While there are as many religions in Asia as there are anywhere
else, Buddhism is one of the predominant ones. Buddhism was established in
northern India about 2500 years ago in response to the life and teachings of
Gautama Siddhartha who was given the title 'Buddhaor "awakened-one".

● Dim Sum: A traditional Chinese meal that consists of lots of small dishes of a
bunch of different kinds of foods, including steamed or fried dumplings Tea: lea
plays a major role inn Asian culture whether it's in China, India or Malaysia tea
ceremonies, in their various forms are a major part of most Asian cultures

24
● Origami: Origami is the art of folding paper. While it is quite popular in Japan, it
is believed to have originated in China in the first century AD.

● Chinese New Year: Despite the name, Chinese New Year is actually
celebrated in a lot of countries. The 2019 Chinese New-year is the Year of the Pig
and is celebrated on February 5. It celebrates the first day of the Chinese Lunar
Calendar and is the most important yearly festival for the Chinese. Each year is
named after one of the 12 animals of the Chinese Zodiac

25
● This Chinese holiday, celebrated on April 5th, is the Ching Ming Festival(aka
Qingming Festival) Ching. in Chinese, means pure or clean andMing means
brightness. Most people call this holiday grave-sweeping day because people
head to the cemetery to clean graves.

● Holi: Holi is a spring festival that is celebrated throughout India. For two days,
people party it by dropping powdered colors from the rooftops, drench each
other with balloons filled with colored water and have huge feasts. This festival is
held to celebrate the defeat of the mythical creature. Holika. Holi starts off witha
big bonfire to help clear the leaves and twigs of the autumn that has just past.

26
ASIA Timeline of Events
BC
(12000 BC - 6000 BC) Permanentsettlements form across Asia and theMiddle
East
(5000 BC) Wheel and plow invented
(2200 BC) Xia dynasty formed in China
(1867 BC) Babylon founded by Amorite dynasty
(1200-1050 BC) Collapse of the Bronze Age
(1000 BC) First irrigation systems constructed
(600 BC) Babylon conquered; Cyrus the(334 BC) Army of Alexander the Great
crosses through Central Asia.
(334 BC) Army of Alexander the Great crosses through Central Asia
(200 BC) The Silk Road trade routes established
(100 BC) The Yayoi migrate to Japan,
import rice and iron, as well as a new language and religion
(100 BC) Buddhism introduced
50 AD 1200's
(50 AD) Christianity emerges(320-467) Gupta Empire reigns acrossIndia
(634) Series of Muslim conquests begins;Arab empire founded
(759-1258) Baghdad becomes capital ofArab-Islamic empire; Middle East sees
period of success
(800)VaringianRus arrive in present dayRussia
(1147) Moscow founded in Russia
(1206 1368) Genghis Khan and theMongol Empire overpowers much of Asia
(1299) The Ottoman Empire rises abovethe weakened Byzantine Empire
1300's 1800's
(1368) Great Wall of China reconstructedas a more elaborate structure
(1370- 1405)Timur conquers West, Southand Central Asia

27
(1421) Forbidden City constructed inBeijing
(1467) Civil war erupts in Japan; countrysplit amongst feudal lords
(1526) Mughal Empire founded
(1556) Earthquake in Shaanxi, China killsapproximately 830,000
(1592) Japan invades Korea
(1573) Mongolia begins conversion toBuddhism
(1600) Chinese Empire becomes largest inthe world
(1601) Famine in Russia kills 2 million
(1652-1689) Russian-Manchul harder
(1689) Russia and China sign bordertreaty
(1757) East India Company rules much ofIndia
(1801) China's population reaches 295million
(1842) Britain seizes Shanghai
(1877) More than 9 million parish due tofamine in colonial India
(1904)British troops occupy Tibet
(1912) China adopts Gregorian calendar
(1914) World War I begins
(1917) Russian Revolution; Tsar Nicholas Iof Russia abdicated
(1920) Gandhi leads first movement
(1922) Soviet Union formed; 15 republicsunited
(1924) Joseph Stalin succeeds Lenin incommanding the Soviet Union
(1939) World War ll begins
(1953) 1.2 million prisoners released afterthe death of Stalin
(1957) Soviet Union launches first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into space
(1959) Tibetan uprising against ChineseOccupation
(1961) Soviet Union builds wall dividingEast and West Berlin
1900's continued
(1962) Sino-Indian War against China andIndia over disputed border

28
(1978) Japan and China sign peace treaty
(1980) China's population reaches 1 billion
(1991) Central Asian states declareindependence; Soviet Union dissolves
(1991) The Gulf War begins in response toIraq's invasion of Kuwait
(1992- 1997) Tajikistan Civil War
(1993) Oslo I agreement signed setting up Israeli-Palestinian Peace settlement
(1994) Kim Jong-il assumes control of North Korea
(1996) China, Russia, Turkmenistan,Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan form
Shanghai Cooperation Organization
2000's
(2003) Yang Liwei becomes first man inspace as part of the Chinese space
program
(2003) SARS outbreak hits south China
(2003) The US, United Kingdom, Australiaand Poland invade Iraq; SadamHussein
removed from power
(2004) An undersea earthquake shakesthe Indian Ocean causing a devastating
tsunami to hit Indonesia, as well as SriLanka, India and Thailand
(2008) Olympics held in Beijing, China
(2010) Arab Spring brings major protests,uprisings and revolutions to several
Middle Eastern countries
(2010) Thousand evacuated after MountMerapi volcano erupts in Indonesia

29
SOUTHEAST ASIA Poltical Aspects
Government Type Population
Capital

Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan constitutional sultanate

multiparty democracy under a

Cambodia Phnom Penh
constitutional monarchy

Indonesia Jakarta republic

Laos Vientiane Communist state

constitutional monarchy note:

nominally headed by paramount
ruler and a bicameral Parliament
consisting of a nonelected upper
house and an elected lower
house; all Peninsular Malaysian
states have hereditary rulers
except Melaka and Pulau
Pinang (Penang); those two
states along with Sabah and
Sarawak in East Malaysia have
governors appointed by
Malaysia Kuala Lumpur
government; powers of state
governments are limited by
federal constitution; under terms
of federation, Sabah and
Sarawak retain certain
constitutional prerogatives (e.g.,
right to maintain their own
immigration controls); Sabah
holds 25 seats in House of
Representatives; Sarawak holds
28 seats in House of
Representatives

Philippines Manila republic

30
 Government Type Population
Capital

Singapore Singapore parliamentary republic

Thailand Bangkok constitutional monarchy

Vietnam Hanoi Communist state

Myanmar Rangoon (Yangon) military junta

Timor Leste Dili republic

31