BRC UC Meyda pe dy Bebe yKenarets4 VOCABULARY AY . At) ISBN 7-81095-446-6 1 Be WL, Of OH UL HI — HHL IV. 313 TPE Ai 4S FRL5 4 CIP RBC (2004) 4% 104760 5 Copyright © 2002 by Townsend Press, inc. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, This edition is published by arrangement with Townsend Press, and is for sale in the People’s Republic of China, not including the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macao, or Taiwan Province. AAR AET: te SH ON VS OR Ti 8 i CURIS AEAD tg, 200083 HL ie 021-a5425900 CARIN HLF FA: bookinfowstiep.com.cn, BR ike trx//enmwsflep.com.cn hitpy//weewstep.com PALMA: SESE seh, iW A NE EB =p BM BESTEL MERAT IT FR ASO IG GOI SRE WE, Bowser 6H UR 2006zE HH FAIR aBKEDI ED, S000 4. ISBN 7-81095-446-6 / H- 146 th 240076 AIGA ATRL AL, TA EABFIM BS, CF IRAP GLA TA LMHS, FRAT IS HHMIM, RAD BS FDA AAM RG DR HAMEER HG ASR: HiqQKMIZT! 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AMA BRADAFA PAAR ERS OLAS IABBABRE, 48/4 45 oy XB Townsend Press i tk, RAL RSL, IEP OLS at Ab T Era, SE RbPBOPMIBCTLAM, RADU M BSR Dt RB, BRM ED (active learning) AA BPR OHH, IRD MRL: A, Hea ded Ap eR 8 NRA OANA IDF KIMP, LED AMER, ARAM ALT LP Pie, Li, ALGER, HM (infer) SAAR (guess) EIQ eA, HA, MAMMAL, A109, SRMGKD, WED A sem SARI) L, WLI AK] (matching words with definitions) AiRA#l# X (identify each word’s meaning), GL TZRYF, MX, ALARAvL (analogy) KAMA REGAL P RD, La DA TARE EAI) HAS AIS PUG AE, Moai BIE RIE PR ERE 8 Pt obit te Pi) HOH, ARALEY, FIFR-ARMEMURSH, MRAM ILA, TERR ICTERM, ALBEAA THE (1) Words-in-Context Approach: 4&4 GAS Hi WA ACK 428 84 ANON 1) sh Reb RAMa Mika, ik LEK, AMID LBA Le ka, (2) Abundant Exercises: iq L&@S25 HH SHLET AEG SHAM OTD, C1579 LIRR, REM LVRS HE, RADE T PHP IAAIODEM, SHARED IR —D HALTED POR IP, ARAPERAMA LD ERIM, ARBRE AP ANS AIC, (3) Focus on Essential Words: i 4 #1435, (RO MILLA AB AAP RET 250% 300A HI? HAMS HAA —MM TOA: BEART AEG, AIT 8, EM CRAIC RL, REM T AOA RAIL, HY HL HMR ERAD CORE MEL, AMR DRERERK, FAB P Vocabulary Basics HY Riqic 5 ADS} A 4 KISS LL —F Mia 4, Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary W% Rigqil 4 AB aE RGB sk eo MRP 4a (4200 1] iL K-P), Building Vocabulary Skills rH Rail 5 KBIE RIES LAM, KiB LAF aS (6500 19K), Improving Vocabulary Skills WH BR iL SRBRES L—= Fin} (80001950 KF), Advancing Vocabulary Skills hr % Ria, CSR DRE HMA (120001950 K-F), Advanced Word Power HH RIgiC 5 KB RES LHE MA LFS, Appealing Content: # 94,4) Zid at if #ig)-+ 4s, HHMRLA—VH, AAMT bE EME EIR, BARD A Bob ik a ER ES, RD RUN SPA AK, eR a GRA, ik oar ALHAHM, ERADB SOR, (5) A Comprehensive Vocabulary Program: & 4 F]6 AB 4, MASA, AEM DA MBAE A], HERAKIG, TERED HR ARGLA, MARAT, (6) User-friendly Format: 4 2-4 #5), B45 RR AGL Ew kA AMR MH RE AMR ES KARA GLAS YARED, KARSRGLM RMI, LEREZ a Bat T . hi] RA— MRA AR, RA AL LAE, he pie aH takContents Note: Twenty-six of the chapters present ten words apiece. The other four chapters each cover ten word parts and fare so marked. For ease of reference, the title of the selection that closes each chapter is included. Preface 7 Introduction vii Pretest of the Whole Book 1 UNEP ONE Unit One Pretest Chapter | Joseph Palmer 8 Chapter 2 Telephone Salespeople 12 Chapter 3. A Cruel Sport 16 Chapter 4 Bald Is Beautiful 20 Chapter 5 No Luck with Women 24 Chapter 6 A Taste of Parenthood (Word Parts) Unit One Review (Crossword Puzzle) 32, Unit One Tests UNEE PWO Unit Two Pretest Chapter 7 Accident and Recovery 44 Chapter 8 Animal Senses 48 Chapter 9 Money Problems 52 Chapter 10 The New French Employee 56 Chapter 11 A Cruel Teacher 60 Chapter 12 It’s Never Too Late (Word Parts) Unit Two Review (Crossword Puzzle) 68 Unit Two Tests 69 UNIT TAREE, Unit Three Pretest Chapter 13 Learning to Study 80 Chapter 14 The Mad Monk 84 Chapter 15 Conflict Over Holidays 88 Chapter 16 Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 92 Chapter 17 Relating to Parents 96 Chapter 18 Held Back by Fears (Word Parts) Unit Three Review (Crossword Puzzle) Unit Three Tests 105 104 28 64 100Contents UNET FOUR Unit Four Pretest Chapter 19 Interview with aRude Star 116 Chapter 20. The Nightmare of Gym 120 Chapter 21 Skipping Church 124 Chapter 22 A Model Teacher 128, Chapter 23. My Talented Roommate 132 Chapter 24 Fascinating Courses (Word Parts) 136 Unit Four Review (Crossword Puzzle) 140 Unit Four Tests 141 ENED IVE Unit Five Pretest Chapter 25. Cal and His Sisters 152 Chapter 26 Shoplifter 156 Chapter 27. A Nutty Newspaper Office 160 Chapter 28 Roughing It 164 Chapter 29 Getting Scared «168 Chapter 30 My Sister's Date 172 Unit Five Review (Crossword P: 176 Unit Five Tests v7 Postiest of the Whole Book 183 APPENDIXES, A. Answer Key 188 I. Answers to the Pretest of the Whole Book 2. Answers to the Unit Pretests 3. Answers to the Chapter Activities 4. Answers to the Posttest of the Whole Book B List of Words and Word Parts 193Preface ‘The problem is all too familiar: students just don't know enough words, Reading, writing, and content teachers agree that many students’ vocabularies are inadequate for the demands of courses. Weak vocabularies limit students’ understanding of what they read and the clarity and depth of what they write. The purpose of Improving Vocabulary Skills and the other books in the ‘Townsend Press vocabulary series is to provide a solid, workable answer to the vocabulary problem. In the course of 30 chapters, Improving Vocabulary Skills teaches 260 important words and 40 common word parts. Here are the book’s distinctive features: i An intensive words-in-context approach. Studies show that students learn words best by reading them repeatedly in different contexts, not through rote memorization. The book gives students an imensive in-context experience by presenting each word in six different contexts. Each chapter takes students through a productive sequence of steps: + Students infer the meaning of each word by considering two sentences in which it appears and then choosing from multiple-choice options. + On the basis of their inferences, students identify each word's mea are then in a solid position to deepen their knowledge of a word. + Finally, they strengthen their understanding of a word by applying it three times: practices and in a selection practice. ing in a matching test. They in two sentence Each encounter with a word brings it closer to becoming part of the student's permanent word bank, 2 Abundant practice. Along with extensive practice in each chapter, there are a crossword puzzle and a set of unit tests at the end of every six-chapter unit. The puzzle and tests reinforce students” knowledge of the words in each chapter. In addition, most chapters reuse several words from eartier chapters (such repeated words are marked with small circles), allowing for more reinforcement. All this practice means that students leam in the surest possible way: by working closely and repeatedly with each word. 3 Controlled feedback. The opening activity in each chapter gives students three multiple-choice options to help them decide on the meaning of a given word. The multiple-choice options atso help students to complete the matching test that is the second activity of each chapter. These features enable students to take an active role in their own learning. 4 Focus on essential words. A good deal of time and research went into selecting the 260 words and 40 word parts featured in the book. Word frequency lists were consulted, along with lists in a wide range of vocabulary books, In addition, the authors and editors each prepared their own lists, ‘A computer Was used to help in the consolidation of the many word lists. A long process of group discussion then led to final decisions about the words and word parts that would be most helpful for students on a basic reading level. 5 Appealing content, Dull practice materials work against learning. On the other hand, meaningful, lively, and at times even funny sentences and selections can spark students’ attention and thusvi Preface enhance their grasp of the material. For this reason, a great deal of effort was put into creating sentences and selections with both widespread appeal and solid context support. We have tried throughout to make the practice materials truly enjoyable for teachers and students alike. Look, for example, at the selection on page 27 that closes the fifth chapter of this book. 6 Clear format. The book has been designed so that its very format contributes to the learning process. Each chapter consists of two two-page spreads. In the first two-page spread (the first such spread is on pages 8-9), students can easily refer to all ten words in context while working on the matching, test, which provides a clear meaning for each word. In the second two-page spread, students can refer to a box that shows all ten words while they work through the fill-in activities on these pages. One in a sequence of books. The most fundamental book in the Townsend Press vocabulary series is Vocabulary Basics. It is followed by Groundwork for a Better Vocabulary (a slightly more advanced basic text) and then by the three main books in the series: Building Vocabulary Skills (also a basic text), /mproving Vocabulary Skills (an intermediate text), and Advancing Vocabulary Skills (a more advanced text). The most advanced book in the Townsend Press vocabulary series is Advanced Ward Power. Together, the books can help create a vocabulary foundation that will make any student a better reader, writer, and thinker. NOTES ON THE, TEARD EDITION ACKNOWL A number of changes have been made in the third edition of Improving Vocabulary Skills: + Material on how to solve word analogies has been added to the introduction, and a new unit test consisting of twenty word analogies has been prepared for each unit in the book. These tests provide practice in a format widely used im standardized tests. + The remaining unit tests have been extensively revised, and a new multiple-choice section, using the words in realistic situations, has been added to Test | throughout. + Finally, a number of practice items throughout the book have been revised or updated to ensure that each item works as clearly and effectively with students as possible. MENTS We are grateful for the enthusiastic comments provided by users of the Townsend Press vocabulary books ‘over the life of the first and second editions. We appreciate as well the additional material provided by Beth Johnson and Susan Gamer; the editing wark of Eliza Comodromos; the proofreading work of Barbara Solot; and, especially, the organizational, design, and editing skills of the indefatigable Janet M. Goldstein. Sherrie L. Nist Carole MohrIntroduction WHY VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT COUNTS You have probably often heard it said, “Building vocabulary is important.” Maybe you've politely nodded in agreement and then forgotten the matter. But it would be fair for you to ask, “Why is vocabulary development important? Provide some evidence.” Here are four compelling kinds of e 1 Common sense tells you what many research studies have shown as well: vocabulary is a basic part of reading comprehension. Simply put, if you don’t know enough words, you are going to have trouble understanding what you read. An occasional word may not stop you, but if there are too many words you don’t know, comprehension will suffer. The content of textbooks is often challenging enough; you don’t want to work as well on understanding the words that express that content 2 Vocabulary is a major part of almost every standardized test, including reading achievement tests. college entrance exams, and vocational placement tests. Test developers know that vocabulary is & key measure of both one’s learning and one’s ability to learn. It is for this reason that they include a separate vocabulary section as well as a reading comprehension section. The more words you know, the better you are likely to do on such important tests, Studies have indicated that students with strong vocabularies are more successful in school. And one widely known study found that a good vocabulary, more than any other factor, was common to people enjoying successful careers in life. Words are in fact the tools not just of better reading, but of better writing, speaking, listening, and thinking as well. The more words you have at your command, the more effective your communication can be, and the more influence you can have on the people around you. 4 In today’s world, @ good vocabulary counts more than ever. Far fewer people work on farms or in factories. Far more are in jobs that provide services or process information. More than ever, words are the tools of our trade: words we use in reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Furthermore, experts say that workers of tomorrow will be called on to change jobs and learn new skills at an ever-increasing pace. The keys to survival and success will be the abilities to communicate skillfully and lear quickly. A solid vocabulary is essential for both of these skills. Clearly, the evidence is overwhelming that building vocabulary is crucial, The question then becomes, “What is the best way of going about it?” WORDS IN CONTENT: 'PHE KEY TO VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Memorizing lists of words is « traditional method of vocabulary development. However, a person is likely to forget such memorized lists quickly. Studies show that to master a word (or a ord part), you must see and use it in various contexts. By working actively and repeatedly with a word. you greatly increase the chance of really learning it. ‘The following activity will make clear how this book is organized and how it uses a words-in-context vilIntroduction approach. Answer the questions or fill in the missing words in the spaces provided. Vocabulary Chapters ‘Turn to Chapter | on pages 8-11. This chapter, like all the others, consists of five parts + The first part of the chapter, on pages 8-9, is titled _ ‘The left-hand column lists the ten words. Under each boldfaced word is its (in parentheses). For example, the pronunciation of absolve is Below the pronunciation guide for each word is its part of speech. The part of speech shown for absolve is ‘The vocabulary words in this book are mostly nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns are words used to name something — a person, place, thing, or idea. Familiar nouns include boyfriend, city, hat, and truth, Adjectives are words that describe nouns, as in the following word pairs: former boyfriend, large city, red hat, whole truth. All of the verbs in this book express an action of some sort, They tell what someone or something is doing. Common verbs include sing, separate, support, and imagine. To the right of each word are two sentences that will help you understand its meaning. In each sentence, the context — the words surrounding the boldfaced word — provides clues you can use to figure out the definition, There are four common types of context clues — examples, synonyms, antonyms, and the general sense of the sentence. Each is briefly described below. T Facanples A sentence may include examples that reveal what an unfamiliar word means. For instance, take a look at the following sentence from Chapter | for the word eccentric: Bruce is quite eccentric. For example, he lives in a circular house and rides to work on a motorcycle, in a three-piece suit. ‘The sentences provide two examples of what makes Bruce eccentric. The first is that he lives in a circular house. The second is that he rides to work on a motorcycle while wearing a three-piece suit. What do these two examples have in common? The answer to that question will tell you what eccentric means. Look at the answer choices below, and in the answer space provided, write the letter of the one you feel is correct. Eccentric means a. ordinary. b. odd, c. careful, Both of the examples given in the sentences about Bruce tell us that he is unusual, or odd. So if you wrote b, you chose the correct answer. Suneavins Synonyms are words that mean the same or almost the same as another word. For example, the words joyful, happy, and delighted are synonyms — they all mean about the same thing. Synonyms serve as context clues by providing the meaning of an unknown word that is nearby. The sentence below from Chapter 2 provides a synonym clue for irate If Kate got angry only occasionally, I could take her more s something or other. usly, but she’s always irate about Instead of using irate twice, the author used a synonym in the first part of the sentence. Find that synonym, and then choose the letter of the correct answer from the choices below. Irate means a. thrilled, b. selfish. c. furious.Introduction ix The author uses two words to discuss one of Kate’s qualities: angry and irate. This tells us that irate must be another way of saying angry. (The author could have written, “but she’s always angry about something or other.”) Since angry can also mean furious, the correct answer F Amonynns Antonyms are words with opposite meanings. For example, help and harm are antonyms, as are work and rest. Antonyms serve as context clues by providing the opposite meaning of an unknown word. For instance, the sentence below from Chapter | provides an antonym clue for the word antagonist. In the ring, the two boxers were antagonists, but in their private tives they were good friends. The author is contrasting the boxers’ two different relationships, so we can assume that antagonists and good friends have opposite, or contrasting, meanings. Using that contrast as a clue, write the letter of the answer that you think best defines antagonist. Antagonist means a. a supporter. b. an enemy. ¢. an example. The correct answer is b. Because antagonist is the oppo’ of friend, it must mean “enemy.” # General Sense of the Senience Even when there is no example, synonym, or antonym clue in a sentence, you can still figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word, For example, look at the sentence from Chapter | for the word malign. That vicious Hollywood reporter often maligns movie stars, forever damaging their public images. After studying the context carefully, you should be able to figure out what the reporter does to movie stars. That will be the meaning of malign. Write the letter of your choice. ___ Malign means a. to praise. b. to recognize. €. to speak ill of. Since the sentence calls the reporter “vicious” and says she damages public images, it is logical to conclude that she says negative things about movie stars. Thus answer c is correct. By looking closely at the pair of sentences provided for each word, as well as the answer choices, you should be able to decide on the meaning of a word. As you figure out each meaning, you are working actively with the word. You are creating the groundwork you need to understand and to remember the word, Getting involved with the word and developing a feel for it, based upon its use in context, is the key t0 word mastery. » It is with good reason, then, that the directions at the top of page 8 tell you to use the context to figure out each word’s for the next activity. - Doing so deepens your sense of the word and prepares you + The second part of the chapter, on page 9, is titled According to research, it is not enowgh to see a word in context. At a certain point, it is helpful as well to see the meaning of a word. The matching test provides that meaning, but it also makes you look for and think about that meaning. In other words, it continues the active learning that is your surest route to learning and remembering a word. Note the caution that follows the test. Do not proceed any further until you are sure that you know the correct meaning of each word as used in context. Keep in mind that a word may have more than one meaning. In fact, some words have quite a few meanings. (If you doubt it, try looking up in a dictionary, for example, the word make or draw.) In this ‘book, you will focus on one common meaning for each vocabulary word. However, many of the wordsx Introduction have additional meanings. For example, in Chapter 13, you will learn that devastate means “to upset deeply,” as in the sentence “The parents were devastated when they learned that their son had been arrested.” If you then look up devastate in the dictionary, you will discover that it has another meaning — “to destroy,” as in “The hurricane devastated much of Florida.” After you learn one common meaning of a word, you will find yourself gradually learning its other meanings in the course of your school and personal reading, + The third part of the chapter, on page 10, is titled Here are ten sentences that give you an opportunity to apply your understanding of the ten words. After inserting the words, check your answers in the key at the back of the book. Be sure to use the answer key as a learning tool only. Doing so will help you to master the words and to prepere for the last two activities and the unit tests, + The fourth and fifth parts of the chapter, on pages 10-11, are titled . and . Each practice tests you on all ten words, giving you two more chances to deepen your mastery. In the fifth part, you have the context of an entire passage in which you can practice applying the words. At the bottom of the last page of this chapter is a box where you can enter your score for the final two checks. These scores should also be entered into the vocabulary performance chart located on the inside back page of the book. To get your score, take 10% off for each item wrong. For example, 0 wrong = 100%. { wrong = 90%, 2 wrong = 80%, 3 wrong = 70%, 4 wrong = 60%, and so on. Word Park. Chapters Word parts are building blocks used in many English words. Learning word parts can help you to spell and pronounce words, unlock the meanings of unfamiliar words, and remember new words This book covers forty word parts — prefixes, suffixes, and roots. Prefixes are word parts that are pat at the beginning of words. When written separately, a prefix is followed by a hyphen to show that something follows it. For example, the prefix non is written like this: non-. One common meaning of non- is “not,” as in the words nontoxic and nonfiction Suffixes are word parts that are added to the end of words. To show that something always comes before a suffix, a hyphen is placed at the beginning. For instance, the suffix ly is written like this: -ly. A common meaning of -/y is “in a certain manner,” as in the words easily and proudly. Finally, roots are word parts that carry the basic meaning of a word. Roots cannot be used alone. To make a complete word, a root must be combined with at least one other word part. Roots are written without hyphens. One common root is cycl, which means “circle,” as in the words motorcycle and cyclone. Each of the four chapters on word parts follows the same sequence as the chapters on vocabulary do, Keep the following guidelines in mind as well, To find the meaning of a word part, you should do two things. 1 First decide on the meaning of each boldfaced word in “Ten Word Parts in Context.” If you don’t know a meaning, use context clues to find it. For example, consider the wo sentences and the answer options for the word part quart or quadr- in Chapter 6. Write the letter of your choice. Let’s cut the apple into quarters so all four of us can have a piece. The ad said I would quadruple my money in two months. But instead of making four times as much money, I lost what I had invested. __ The word part quart or quadr- means a. overly. b. two, ©. four. You can conclude that if four people will be sharing one apple, quarters means “four parts.” You can also determine that quadruple means “to multiply by four.”Introduction xi 2 Then decide on the meaning each pair of boldfaced words has in common. This will also be the meaning of the word part they share. In the case of the two sentences above, both words include the idea of something multiplied or divided by four. Thus quart or quadr- must mean You now know, in a nutshell, how to proceed with the words in each chapter. Make sure that you do each page very carefully. Remember that as you work through the activities, you are learning the words How many times in all will you use each word? If you look, you'll see that each chapter gives you the opportunity to work with each word six times. Each “impression” adds to the likelihood that the word will become part of your active vocabulary. You will have further opportunities to use the word in the crossword puzzle and unit tests that end each unit. In addition, many of the words are repeated in context in later chapters of the book. Such repeated words are marked with small circles. For example, which words from Chapter | are repeated in the Final Check on page 15 of Chapter 2? Amatoios This book also offers practice in word analogies, yet another way to deepen your understanding of words. An analogy is a similarity between two things that are otherwise different. Doing an analogy question is a two-step process. First you have to figure out the relationship in a pair of words. Those words are written like this: LEAF : TREE, What is the relationship between the two words above? The answer can be stated like this: A leaf is a part of a tree. Next, you must look for a similar relationship in a second pair of words. Here is how a complete analogy question looks: LEAF : TREE :: a. pond : river b. foot : shoe ©. page : book d. beach : sky And here is how the question can be read: LEAF is to TREE as a. pond is to river. b. foot is to shoe. ©. page is to book. d. beach is to sky. ‘To answer the question, you have to decide which of the four choices has a relationship similar to the first one. Check your answer by seeing if it fits in the same wording as you used to show the relationship between leaf and tree: A____is part of a__. Which answer do you choose? ‘The correct answer is c. Just as a leaf is part of a tree, a page is part of a book. On the other hand, a not part of a river, nor is a foor part of a shoe, nor is a beach part of the sky. We can state the complete analogy this way: Leaf is to iree as page is to book. Here’s another andlogy question to try. Begin by figuring out the relationship between the first two words, pond COWARD : HERO :: a. soldier : military b. infant : baby actor : famous d. boss : worker Coward and hero are opposite types of people. So you need to look at the other four pairs to see which has a similar relationship. When you think you have found the answer, check to see that the two words youxi Introduction chose can be compared in the same way as coward and hero: __and ___ are opposite types of people. In this case, the correct answer is d; boss and worker are opposite kinds of people. (In other words, coward is to hero as boss is to worker.) By now you can see that there are basically two steps to doing analogy items: 1) Find out the relationship of the first two words. 2) Find the answer that expresses the same type of relationship as the fi two words have. Now try one more analogy question on your own. Write the letter of the answer you choose in the space provided. __ SWING : BAT :: a. drive: car b. nun: broom . catch : bat 4. fly : butterfly If you chose answer a, you were right. Swing is what we do with a bat, and drive is what we do with a car. APINAL THOUGHT The facts are in. A strong vocabulary is a source of power. Words can make you a better reader, writer, speaker, thinker, and leamer. They can dramatically increase your chances of success in school and in your job. But words will not come automatically. They must be learned in a program of regular study. If you commit yourself to learning words, and you wark actively and honestly with the chapters in this book, you will not only enrich your vocabulary — you will enrich your life as well.RETEST OF THE WHOLE BOOK This test contains 100 items. In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. Important: Keep in mind that this test is for diagnostic purposes only. If you do not know a word, leave the space blank rather than guess at it. 1. animosity a) approval b) ill will ©) fear _—_d) shyness 2, encounter a) meeting —b) total ©) departure) attack 3. adamant a)realistic b) stubborn ¢) weak) flexible 4, eccentric a)odd —b)common —e) active d) calm 5. malign a) depend on —_b) speak evilof—_) boast) praise 6. tangible a) more than normal b) touchable—_¢) hidden) orderly 7. acclaim a) false name b) great approval ¢) disagreement) sadness 8. escalate a)remove b) lessen) included) intensi 9. elicit a) draw forth —b) approve) praise) disprove 10. obsolete a) current —_b) difficult to believe) out-of-date) not sold 11. allusion a) indirect reference) physical weakness ¢) improvement d) short story 12. altruistic a)honest b) lying ¢) proud —_d) unselfish 13. euphemism a) false appearance b) degree _—_€) substitute for offensive term —_d) title 14, arbitrary a) wordy —b) basedon impulse) demanding _d) believable 15. assail a) attack —b) travel ¢) defend d) confuse 16. fluctuate a) stand still) vary irregularly) float) sink 17. calamity aj disaster b) storm —¢) conference —_d) breeze 18, persevere a)treat harshly b) mark —¢) continued) delay 19. comprehensive b) including much —_¢) delicate) smalll 20. venture a) tum aside b) urge ¢) risk d) misrepresent 21. enhance a)reject b) get e)improve _d) free 22. attribute a)admiration b) program) disease) quality 23. discern * g)see clearly —b) devise ¢) rule out) consider 24. exemplify a)construct b) represent ¢) plan) test 25. attest a) bear witness b)examine —¢) tear upd) dislike (Continues on next page)26. 27. 28. 29, Pretest of the Whole Book concurrent constitute predominant nominal . confiscate . suffice degenerate . implausible sinister . intricate - qualm garble immaculate . retaliate blatant intermittent . digress incentive succumb . devastate . speculate . infamous benefactor intrinsic . alleviate a)apart —b) happening together) north) off-and-on a)make up —_b) eliminate __¢) separated) remove a) smallest b) most noticeable c) having atendency _d) hidden a)opentoharm — b) large ¢) important d) slight a) deny —b) make difficult ¢) desire) seize with authority a)think up _b) be enough —_¢) prevent _—_d) pay back a)give up b) improve) stay the same) worsen a) possible b) hard to believe ¢) imaginary d) historical a) frightened b)lively —_¢) generous d) evil ayeasy —b) complex ¢) workable d) touching a) pleasure b)deadend —_¢) feelingof doubt) place of safety a)refuse b)mixup —¢) claim —_ d) speak clearly a)roomy —byclean —¢) empty —_d) complete a)repair pb) repeat ¢) renew d) pay back a) sudden b) immediate) quiet_—_d) obvious a)hesitant —b) nervous) off-and-on dd) constant a)stray b) improve) resist.) repeat a) fear b) pride ¢) concern d) encouragement a)approach —b) repeat) give ind) cut short a) spread out —b) begin again) reassure —_#) upset greatly a)search —b) think about. —¢) inspect. _d) state to be so a)notknown —b) small ¢) having a bad reputation _) related a) landlord b) one who gives aid ¢) optimist. d) kindness a) belonging by its very nature —_-b) on the surface _€) not noticeable 4) careful a)make anxious b) depart) infect —_d) relieve (Continues on next page)5 52. 53, 54, 55. 56. 57. 58, 59, 60. 6. 62. 63. mandatory lucrative aspire benevolent dissent Proponent quest conversely prevalent traumatic flippant perception prone . vationale 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 1. 72. 73. 74, 15. divulge nullify elation ominous averse transcend deplete complacent empathy: waive Pretest of the Whole Book a) masculine b) sexist ¢) required —_) threatening a) silly b) profitable) causing diseased) attractive a) dislike b) strongly desire ¢) impress. d) deliver a)kind —b) wealthy —¢) nasty d) poor a) approval b) defeat) winning —_d) disagreement a)foe —b) supporter ¢)examiner _d) one part of the whole a)search b) request) place. d) memory a)rudely —b) uncooperative _¢) in an opposite manner —_d) unfriendly a)famous — b) widespread) escapable_—d) plain a) causing painfu\ emotions —_b) reversed —_€) delicate.) harmless a)cold —b) formal —_¢) disrespectful d) nervous a) meeting b) party ¢) dead end —_d) impression a) disliked b) tending —¢) active) rested a) research paper b) debate) logical basis d) mood ajexit —b) central point ¢) gated) dead end a)reveal b)embarrass ¢)hide —_d) remove a)harm —b) allow ¢)tumnaside —_ d) cancel a) trade b) comparison) joy) majority opinion a)happy b) threatening —_¢) depressed _—_d) friendly a) attracted) fearful) warm —_d) opposed ajsend — b) travel ¢) show off —_d) rise above a)encourage bd) useup e)delay—d) add to a) workable b)easy —_€) self-satisfied d) healthy a)fear b) encouragement _¢) ability to share someone’s feelings d) avoidance a) sleep) showoff ¢) giveup —d) fly (Continues on next page)Pretest of the Whole Bock gape punitive condone precedent |. contemplate detrimental ironic vindictive saturate . deficient Hible exhaustive habitat . vile . pragmatic pacify esteem . transient avid nurture . augment explicit magnitude . ambivalent dispel a)stare —b) repair ¢) beat_—_ d+) hide from a) inexpensive b) punishing _¢) ridiculously inadequate _d) possible a) forgive b) represent ¢) arrest) appoint a) gift b)example ¢) fee —d) laterevent a) think seriously about b) create ¢)addto-—d) reveal a)diny b) nutritious ¢) harmful) helpful a) deeply felt. b) meaning opposite of what is said) simple d) great a) not easily understood —_b) gentle ¢) vengeful) temporary a) break apart. —b) put down —_c) fully soak_—_d) describe a) forgotten b) lacking ¢) completed) well-known a) capable of error _b) complete _¢) incomplete) simple a) respected —b) nervous ¢) completed) tired a) headache —b) natural environment —_¢) importance _—_d) usual behavior a) offensive b) secretive ¢) nice) tricky a)ordinary b) slow) wise.) practical a)betray b) calm ¢)retreat_—d) remove a}age b)doubt cc) respect —_d) length of life a) stubborn —b) temporary ¢) permanent _—_d) easy-going a) bored b) disliked ¢) enthusiastic _—_d) plentiful a)harden —b) thank —¢) nourish d) starve a)change —_b) cause tobecome —_¢) increased) describe a)everyday —) distant) permanent _—_d) stated exactly a) importance) attraction _¢) respect) example a)everyday _b) having mixed feelings _¢) temporary _d) able to be done a)assist_ —b) anger) described) cause to vanisha Unit One absolve antagonist curt retort adamant eccentric : demoralize sabotage amiable encounter | dilemma subsequent | amoral epitome inclination wary animosity malign | trate zeal acclaim exploit || deterrent innovation | adjacent . methodical | implication revitalize | elicit obsolete inequity sparse i engross tangible | infirmity subjective escalate terminate | infringe ‘succinct “ allusion banal ann,enn ly i altruistic euphemism non- appease mercenary | eyel,cyclo- path, -pathy arbitrary syndrome | | -hood pend | | hyper- quart, quadr- assail taintUNIT ONE. In the space provided, write the letter of the chot 7. 18. 19, 20. 21. 25. animosity encounter absolve adamant amiable eccentric amoral malign antagonist epitome sabotage . dilemma wary . curt . irate demoralize zeal inclination retort subsequent tangible . acclaim . escalate elicit exploit Pretest that is closest in meat ig to the boldfaced word, a) approval) ill will) fear_—d) shyness” a)meeting b) total) departure) attack a) make guilty b) reject. ¢) clear from guilt.) approve a) realistic b) stubborn ¢) weak d) flexible a)stingy b)rude —¢) proud —_d) good-natured . a) odd b) common ¢) active d) calm a)honest b) poor —_¢) without principles —_d) generous ‘a)dependon —_b) speak evilof —¢) boast d) praise a) friend b) relative ¢) boss —_ d) opponent a) perfect example b) large hole. ¢) horrible sight) tallest point a) aid b) follow ¢) deliberately damage —d) hide from a)error —b) difficultchoice ¢) tendency —_d) picture a)kind b) unfriendly ¢) afraid) cautious a) ignorant b) talkative ¢) friendly) rudely brief a)very angry b)proud —c) silly _—_d) very friendly ‘a) encourage ©) set a bad example for 4) lecture a) laziness) injustice ¢) enthusiastic devotion) hatred a)tendency b) favor €) lack) increase a) question b) reply) argue _—_ d+) approve a) beneath b) before) above _—_d) following a) more than normal b) touchable ¢) hidden d) orderly a) false name b) great approval) disagreement —_) sadness a)remove b) lessen) included) intensify a) draw forth —b) approve) praised) disprove a)save —b) throw away —¢) use selfishly _d) sell overseas (Continues on next page)50, 46. 47. 48. 49, . adjacent methodical obsolete engross terminate succinct infirmity revitalize deterrent impli . infringe sparse . innovation . inequity ). subjective banal . syndrome . appease . taint . allusion altruistic mercenary euphemism arbitrary assail Unit One: Pretest 7 a)above b) under ¢)nextto—_d) within a)religious —b) systematic) careless.) immoral a)current —b) difficult to believe © c) out-of-date d) not sold a) destroy b) impress) disgust.) hold the attention of a) stop b) continue ¢) begin d) approach a) prepared b) brief andclear —_¢) impressed __) not fair a) hospi | b)small city €) physical weakness) relationship a) renew strength b) break in on ¢) feel weak d) get an idea a)ending —b) memory —_¢) prevention —_d) blame a) word —b) statement ¢) ruled) something hinted at, a)addto —b) intrude) impress_—_d) encourage a) spread thinly b) gentle) plentiful_—_d) threatening a)exercise —b) application _¢) something new —_d) test a) injustice b) bigger portion _¢) small pany —_d) boring job a) impressive b) cruel__¢) based on personal feelings 4) distantly related a)humid —b) commonplace) secret) true a)attitude b) thought —_¢) something required _d) group of symptoms a) make calm —b) tell the truth) attack —_) approve a) surprise) dishonor ©) annoy __d) boast ‘a) indirect reference) physical weakness ¢) improvement d) short story a)honest b)lying —_¢) proud —_ +) unselfish a)clean b)mean e)calm__ dd) greedy a) false appearance) degree _¢) substitute for offensive term —_d) title a) wordy b) based on impulse ¢) demanding _d) believable a)attack —b) travel ¢) defend d) confuse SCORE: (Number correct) x %CHAPTER \ Ten Word: in Cont absolve antagonist adamant eccentric amiable ‘encounter amoral epitome ' animosity malign In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the contest of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning 1 absolve yab'zolv/ -verb Absolve means 2 adamant J'edomanty -adjective _ Adamant means 3 amiabie Feimjabl/ -adjective Amiable means 4 amoral ye'mpral/ -adjective Amoral means 5 animosity /gent'mpsoty/ -noun Animosity means 6 antagonist feon'teegonist/ -noun Antagonist means Having insufficient evidence of his guilt, the jury had to absolve Mr, Melman of the murder. Accused of taking bribes, the mayor sa be absolved of any wrongdoing.” “In the end, I'll clear my name and a to accuse. b. to clear of guih. ¢. to inform. Ron is adamant about not changing pl; though the weather report now says it s. He insists we still camp out even be cold and rainy. Adamant in his support of gun control, Senator Keen won't give in to pressure from powerful opponents. a. firm. b. uncertain. c. flexible. My amiable dog greets both strangers and old friends with a happy yip and energetic tail-wagging. At first, our history teacher doesn's seem very friendly, but once you get to know her, she shows her amiable side. a, intelligent. b. uncaring. c. good-natured. Jerry is almost totally amoral. He cares only about making money and having fun and couldn’t care tess about right or wrong, A former president of Uganda, Idi Amin, was truly amoral. He jailed, tortured, and killed innocent opponents without the slightest feeling of guilt. a. cowardly. b. lazy. c. lacking ethical principles. Iwas shocked when Sandy said she such animosity toward him, vated Lianel. I'd never realized she felt IIL will between the two families goes back so many generations that nobody remembers what originally caused the animosity. a. strong dislike. b. admiration. c. great fear At the divorce hearing, the husband and wife were such bitter antagonists that it was hard to believe they had once loved each other. In the ring, the 1wo boxers were antago were good friends. ts, but in their private lives they a, a supporter. bd. an enemy. c. an example7 8 9 10 eccentric k’sentriky adjective Eccentric means encounter jan'kaunta(r)/ -noun Encounter means epitome A'pitomy/ snoun Epitome means malign /me'lam/ -verb Malign means, Chapter 1 9 ular house and rides to Bruce is quite eccentric. For example, he lives in a work on a motorcycle, in a three-piece suit, Florence Nightingale, the famous nursing reformer, had the eccentric habit of carrying a pet owl around in one of her pockets. a. ordinary. b. odd. c. careful. My encounter with Matt in a Los Angeles supermarket surprised me, since I thought he still lived in Chicago. I dislike returning to my small hometown, where I am likely to have encounters with people who knew me as a troubled kid. a. a thought b. adinner, c. ameeting. To many, the epitome of cuteness is a furry, round-eyed puppy. The great ballplayer and civil rights Jeader Jackie Robinson was the epitome of both physical and moral strength. a. a perfect model. b, an opposite. c. amain cause. That vicious Hollywood reporter often maligns movie stars, forever damaging their public images. Stacy refyses to malign her ex-husband, even though he was the one who insisted on the divorce, a. to praise, 6. to recognize. c. 10 speak ill of. Vatching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. a Sop Beers y CAUTION: Do not go any further until you Not giving in; stubborn Lacking a moral sense; without principles Differing from what is customary; odd To find innocent or blameless A brief or an unexpected meeting A perfect or typical example of a general quality or type An opponent; one who opposes or competes Bitter hostility To make evil and often untrue statements about; speak evil of Good-natured; friendly and pleasant re sure the above answers are coyrect, Then you can use the definitions to help you in the Following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all,10 Chapter 1 ~ Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a. absolve b. adamant —c. amiable d. amorat e. animosity | f. antagonist g. eccentric h. encounter i. epitome j. malign | 1, Lilly was __ in her belief that Sam was a genius at business. Even after his first two undertakings failed, she still had faith in him. 2. My brothers had planned to meet in the restaurant, but their __ took place in the parking lot. _ 3. 'm tired of hearing the two candidates for governor __ each other with stupid insults. _____ 4, Because he doesn’t want to lose a sale, Mac remains polite and ___ even when he’s annoyed with a customer. _ 5. Some criminals are truly _ — they don’t see that some actions are right and that others are wrong. 6, The __ of refreshment is drinking an ice-cold lemonade on a sizzling hot day. ___________ 7. Jed was __(e)d of stealing money from the company, but the damage the accusation did to Teputation remained. 8, The owners of the department store were always competing with each other. They acted more like 's than partners. ee 9. 1 avoid serious discussions with my sister because she shows great toward me if [don’t share her opinion. 10. Today it’s not odd for females to leam carpentry, but when my mother ‘went to high school, girls who took wood shop were considered ~ Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. The ___ millionaire dressed so shabbily that every __ with him __ convinced us that he was poor. _ 3-4, Hector feels such __ toward his sister that he never says a single kind thing about her; he only __s her.Be: J: Chapter 1 5-6, Since the congresswoman was ___ in opposing the nuclear power plant, the plant's owners segarded her as their toughest __ 7-8. Wayne is so __ that he doesn’t even have the desire to be __(e)d of guilt for all the times he has lied, cheated, and stolen 9-10. With his friendly air, good-natured laugh and generosity, Santa Claus is the __ of the grandfather. > Final Check: Joseph Palmer Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. In 1830, a Massachusetts farmer named Joseph Palmer moved to the city, only to find that people continually reacted to him with anger and hatred. Why? Palmer certainly wasn’t a(n) oO man — no, he had a strong sense of right and wrong. He was a friendly and (2) person as well. And on the whole, Palmer was the eo) __ of a normal citizen, living a typical life with his family. Yet his neighbors crossed to the other side of the street to avoid an (4) with, him. Children insulted Palmer and sometimes threw stones at him. Grown men hurled rocks through the windows of his house. Even the local minister (5) (e)d Palmer, telling the congregation that Palmer admired only himself. One day, four men carrying scissors and a razor attacked Palmer and threw him to the ground. Pulling out 2 pocketknife, Palmer fought back, slashing at their legs. His ©) s fled. Afterward, Palmer was the one arrested and jailed. While in jail he was attacked two more times. Both times, he fought his way free. After a year — although is accusers still wouldn't (7) __ him of guilt — he was released. Palmer had won. The cause of all the (8) and abuse had been his ong, flowing beard. Palmer, (9) to the end, had refused to shave. Thirty years after Palmer's difficulties, it was no longer (10), to wear whiskers. Among the many who wore beards then was the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln, Sentence Check 2 % Final Check Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside buck cover of the book,CHAPTER 2 curt retort : demoralize sabotage | dilemma subsequent inclination wary | irate zeal i Ten Words in Context 12 In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 1 curt ikssty -adjective Curt means 2 demoralize /di'morolatz/ -verb __ Demoratize means 3 dilemma fdt'lemoy -noun Dilemma means 4 inclination jankli'nerfon/ -noun Inclination means 5 irate Jaret) -adjective Irate means 6 retort in'tosty -verb Retort means The fast-food manager trained workers to give polite, full answers to customers, not curt responses. Betsy doesn’t mean to be curt. She seems rudely brief with people because she’s so shy. a. cautious, b. courteous. c. abrupt. Cara’s refusal to date my brother demoralized him to the point that for months he lacked the confidence to ask another woman out. When Bonita gained a pound during her diet, it so demoralized her that she ate a banana split a, to cheat. b. to discourage. ©. to excite. The store manager faced a dilemma: either having an elderly, needy man arrested or ignoring store rules about shoplifters. In old romantic movies, the heroine's dilemma often involves choosing between a rich boyfriend and the poor man she really loves. a, a hard choice. b. a great danger. c. a benefit My inclination is to major in nursing, but I’m going to speak to a few nurses before I make my final decision. That two-year-old has some irritating tendencies, such as her inclination to say “no” to everything. a, atendency. b. a reason. c. a fate. If Kate got angry only occasionally, I could take her more seriously, but she’s always irate about something or other, Ray gets mad when his wife misplaces the TV's remote control, and she becomes equally irate when he writes a check and forgets to record it in the checkbook. a. thrilled. b. selfish. ¢. furious. When I told my parents I'd wash the supper dishes the next moming, my father retorted, “Maybe we should serve you dinner in the mornings, too.” “What do you want?” the young woman asked Dracula. “Only to drink in your charms,” he retorted. a. to approve. b. to reply. c. to ask7 © sabotage /saebata:3/ -verb Sabotage means subsequent /sabsikwonty -adjective Subsequent means wary swear -adjective Wary means zeal f -noun Zeal means Chapter 2 13 ferrorist groups train their members to sabotage airports and other public places. A fired computer operator sabotaged the company’s computer system by planting a “virus” in it. a. to develop. b. to invest in. ¢. todo harm to. “1 was hired as a stock boy,” said the company president. “My subsequent jobs took me steadily up the company ladder.” ‘The first time Janet drove on a highway, she was terrified, but on subsequent trips, she felt more relaxed. a. first b. following. ©. previous. “There's no such thing as a free lunch” means that we should be wary about Promises of getting something for nothing. I’m a little wary of people who, when they fi their best friend, a. careful b. tired. c. welcoming. | meet me, treat me as if I'm Flo attacked her food with such zeal that I thought she hadn't eaten for a week! My neighbor has so much zeal about keeping our neighborhood clean that he sweeps our sidewalk if we don’t do it ourselves. a. resistance. b. passion. c. skill. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. A tendency to think, act, or behave in a certain way; a leaning Rudely brief when speaking to someone Cautious; on guard To reply, especially in a quick, sharp, or witty way lower the spirits of; weaken the confidence or cheerfulness of A situation requiring a difficult choice Following, in time or order; next; later Enthusiastic devotion; intense enthusiasm ‘To deliberately destroy or damage Very angry CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goat is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to.check the definitions at all14 Chapter 2 = Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a. curt b. demoralize . dilemma ¢. inclination 8. irate | 4. retort g. sabotage h. subsequent i. wary zeal | _ 1. Rob’s __ was whether to go to work feeling sick or to stay home and tose aday’s pay. Be __ when something sounds too good to be true — it probably is. . Lhave to watch my budget because I have a(n) _to overspend. Bow ‘The Broadway director cut off most of the auditioning singers with a(n) __— response: “Thank you. That will be all.” 5. The striking miners planned to __ one of the mines by blowing up the main entrance. 6, Because Devan expected to get an A on his sesearch paper, receiving a grade of C truly __(e)d him. 7. The team played miserably in the first game of the season, but they mariaged to win all __ games. 8, My father always became ___ when any of his children came home after curfew. One time he began yelling at me even before my date had left. 29. If adolescents could apply to their studies just a bit of the __ they feel for music and shopping, their grades would skyrocket. 40. When the wisecracking waiter said, “That hat looks ridiculous, lady,” the woman stated, “I didn’t come hese to be insulted.” “That’s what you think!” __(@)d the waiter, ~ Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Already angry, the customer became even more ___ when he received only this __ response: ‘No returns.” 3-4, When { answer my phone and hear someone demand, “Who is this?” my _ is to ___, “I’m the person whose phone was ringing. Who is this?”Chapter 2 15 5-6. Because of terrorist attempts to flights, __ of even innocent-looking passengers airline security workers are 7-8. I began the semester with great ___ for my chemistry class, but the realization that I didn’t have the necessary background quickly _(e)d me. 9-10. Margo intended to accept the job offer to be a salad chef, but a(n) __ offer for an office position has presented her with a(n) __: Should she take the interesting restaurant job, which pays poorly, or the higher- paying job that may not interest her much? » Final Check: Telephone Salespeople Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. If my carpets need cleaning or | want a new freezer, I will do some comparison shopping first. 1 am not likely to buy anything suddenly just because a complete stranger has phoned — usually during the dinner hour — to sell it. For this and other reasons, I have always been oO) ____ of telephone salespeople. I don’t like their cheerful, overly amiable voices and their nervy suggestions as to how I might easily pay for whatever it is they are selling. My (2), is to get off the phone as soon as possible. My husband, however, creates a(n) (3). for me when he takes these calls. He doesn’t want what is being sold either, but he feels sorry for the salespeople. He doesn’t want t0 (4) them with such a(n) (5) reply as “No.” When they begin their sales pitches, he is overcome by their (6) for their products and therefore listens politely. Then he (7) _ s my efforts to discourage (8). Is by suggesting that the salespeople call back later to talk to his wife! 1 don't know who gets more (9) ___________ when that happens — I or the salespeople, disappointed when they realize we never intended to buy a thing. More than once, when I’ve finally said “No sale” for the last time to an adamant? salesperson who had been refusing to take “no” for an answer, he or she has (10). (edd, “Well, thanks for wasting my time.” Scores Sentence Check 2 % Final Check Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 3 acclaim expl adjacent methodical elicit obsolete engross tangible | escalate terminate Lo _ Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 16 1 acclaim va'klemmy/ -noun Acclaim means 2 adjacent ja'dgersanty -adjective Adjacent means 3 elicit atisitd -verb Elicit means 4 engross yim'graus/ -verb Engross means 5 escalate feskalenty -verb Escalate means 6 exploit iAk'sploity “verb Exploit means Any subway system that is clean, quiet, and safe deserves acclaim. Although Vincent Van Gogh is now considered a genius, the artist received little acclaim in his lifetime. a. criticism. b. praise. ©. change. Because their desks are adjacent, Jeff and Kellie often exchange looks and comments. If you keep your dishes in a cupboard that's adjacent to the dishwasher, you won't have to walk when putting away the clean dishes. a. close. b. similar. c. separated. Elizabeth Taylor's violet eyes always elicit admiration and wonder. ‘The basketball player's three-point shot to win the game in its final seconds, elicited a roar of delight from the excited fans. A. {0 stop, 6. to follow. c. ta bring out, The suspenseful TV movie so engrossed Bryan that he didn’t even budge when he was called fo dinner. ‘The fascinating single-file march of black ants along the sidewalk engrossed me for several minutes. a. to hold the interest of. b. to disgust. c. to bore. The fight between the two hockey players escalated into an all-out battle ‘among members of both teams. “We need to escalate our fund-raising efforts,” the theater manager said. “Otherwise, the company wan't survive,” a, to expand, b. to delay. c. 10 weaken, At the turn of the century, factory owners exploited children by making them work in terrible conditions for as many as eighteen hours a day. Although Ricky is the English teacher's son, he refuses to exploit his status. He works as hard as anyone else in the class. a, to forget. b. to take advantage of. ¢, tobe sad about.7 10 methodical fmi'Bodikaly -adjective Methodical means obsolete /obsali:t/ adjective Obsolete means tangible /'teend3ably adjective Tangible means terminate /tzmineit/ -verb Terminate means Chapter 3 17 A methodical way to store spices is to shelve them in alphabetical order. Joan is so methodical about her diet that she cla: into different nutritional categories. fies the foods in each meal a, accidental b. out-of-date. c. orderly. Computers are so common now that they have made typewriters almost obsolete, In the United States, the automobile quickly made travel by horse and carriage obsolete, a. popular. b. useful. ©. extinct The sculptor loved making her ideas tangible by gi and stone. ing them form in meta! Com-chip crumbs, empty soda bottles, and dirty napkins were tangible evidence that a party had taken place the night before. a, clever. b. solid. c. hidden. As the clock’s hands inched toward 3:00, the students waited impatiently for the beif to terminate the last class before spring vacation. The referee should have terminated the boxing match when he first saw the weaker fighter losing the ability to defend himself. a. toend. b. to revive. c. to begin. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next ¢o its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 2 10. To draw forth To stop; bring to an end Orderly; systematic Close; near (to something) Able to be touched; having form and matter No longer active or in use; out of date To increase or intensify Great praise or applause; enthusiastic approval ‘To hold the full attention of; absorb To use selfishly or unethically; take unfair advantage of CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions ‘help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need. to check the definitions at all,18 Chapter 3 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each i a. acclaim b. adjacent c. elicit d. engross e. escalate — | f. exploit 9. methodical +h. obsolete. tangible terminate 1, A wedding ring is a(n) __ expression of a couple's commitment to each other, 2. If solar energy becomes as cheap and plentiful as sunshine, nuclear energy, which is expensive, may become __. . __________ 3. With movies like Saving Private Ryan, Forrest Gump, and Cast Away to his credit, actor Tom Hanks has won Oscars and the __ of admiring critics. 4. Our house is __to one with a high wooden fen is completely blocked. $0 Our view on that side _ 5. The shouting match between Rose and her brother __(e)d until it was so loud that the neighbors complained. ________ 6. Sometimes an article I'm reading on the bus will __ me so much that I'll pass my stop. 7. When workers feel ___(¢}d by their employers, they often go on strike for larger salaries and better working conditions. 8. Diana is very __ about writing letters. She keeps her writing materials in ‘one spot, makes a list of the people she owes letters to, and writes once a week. _ 9. When Luke was caught stealing money on the job, the company __(e)d ‘his employment and brought him up on criminal charges. ______10. In one disturbing survey, the question “Which do you like better, TV or Daddy?” __(e)d this response from a number of children: “TV.” > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer Tines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each ward once. +2. The gifted ice skater’s routine __(e)d the audience. it was the epitome? of grace and power combined. At the end, a long, rapid spin __(e)d a burst of applause. 3-4. Although hand-crafted furniture is almost __, mass production hasn't yet__(e)d all demand for it.Chapter 3 19 5-6, Workers want ___ rewards such as money and a pension, but they also welcome less concrete benefits, such as __ for a job well done. 7-8. The more the British __(e)d the American colonies by taxing them unfairly, the more the colonists’ animosity® toward the British __(e)d. 9-10. Patty’s ___ baking technique includes arranging all ingredients in a row, with each one ___to the one that is used after it » Final Check: ACruel Sport Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten ‘words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. As Alex sat down in the carnival tent, the lights dimmed. A spotlight revealed a short, heavy man holding a thick chain. He tugged the chain, and an old, muzzled bear appeared. The man, the animal's owner, announced that the bear’s name was Sally. He said he would give a hundred dollars to anyone who wrestled Sally to the floor. “That's disgusting! You have no right to (1) an animal that way!” a woman called out. Several voices joined her in protest. A number of people walked out of the tent Alex wanted to leave too, but he was too shocked to move. He had thought bear wres (2), tling was , given up long ago as a cruel sport, But the man’s offer (3). (e)d one drunken response. “I'll do it!” a big man yelled, winning the (4) of Sally's ownes, who congratulated him warmly. The drunk began swinging at Sally, She backed away. “Knock her on her rear!” the owner shouted with zeal®, When Sally finally raised a paw to defend herself, her opponent could see that she had no claws. Feeling very brave now, he (5), (e)d his attack. The horrible scene (6)___ (e)d Alex, who could barely believe his eyes. ‘The man sitting (7) to Alex rose to his feet and left, muttering “This shouldn’t be allowed. I’m calling the police.” Meanwhile, the drunken man knocked Sally over. Her owner then (8), (od the match and handed Sally a bucket of food. The (9) way in which he conducted his act showed Alex he had done it many, many times before. Finally, the owner led Sally away. The animal's drooping head and her labored walk were (10). expressions of her misery. As Sally passed him, Alex saw two police officers enter the tent. He hoped with all his heart that the law could prevent another such display of cruelty to this living creature. Final Check __% | Seores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.“HAPTI ' c ER deterrent 4 | implication | infringe n Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. innovation revitalize sparse subjective succinct 1 deterrent + As a deterrent to burglars, my father put a sign on our lawn that says, /dt'teranty “Beware of pit bull.” -noun high cost will be. If the dangers of skydiving aren’t a big enough deterrent for Ben, maybe the Deterrent means a. aveward. b. a prevention. c, areason. 2 implication + When the boss said that company profits were down, the implication was that /amphi'kesfany nobody would be getting a raise. -noun . special deal on a car. When the salesman winked, the implication was that he would give Joaquin a __ Implication means a. minor fault, b. ademand, c. something suggested. 3 inequity > In South Afr Mahatma Gandhi experienced an inequity that was all too sintekwati/ common at the time — he was thrown off a ‘whites only” train. -noun taxes than ordinary citizens do, __ Inequity means a, an injustice. b. a physical weakness. c. a question, 4 infirmity * Rick uses a wheelchair, but he doesn’t Jet his infirmity keep him from sin'fa:moti/ traveling. cnoun + Certain infirmities, such as arthritis and diabetes, are more likely to affect the elderly. ___Infirmity means a. a relationship. b. a disability. c. asecret. 5 infringe + The protesters may picket the nuclear power plant as tong as they don’t sin'feind3/ infringe on other people’s right to enter and exit freely. ~verb + When my mother is doing her homework, no one is allowed to infringe on her quiet time. __ Infringe means a, to interfere with, b. to protect. ©. to recognize. 6 innovation + When commercial bakers first offered sliced bread, it was considered an janau'verfony exciting innovation. ~houn + The high cost of college has led to such financial innovations as paying for children’s education while they're still infants. __ Innovation means a. something new. b. a weakness c. an imitation, 20 + Most Americans consider it an inequity that some millionaires pay ess in8 9 10 Chapter 4 21 ~ When Dwight is tired after work, he finds a brief nap revitalizes him for an evening out with friends, « The City Council hopes to revitalize the currently lifeless shopping district by offering tax breaks for new businesses. Revitalize means a, to refresh. b. to amuse. ¢. 10 tire out sparse + There are thick pine forests at the foot of the mountain, but higher up, the trees spars become sparse -adjective Unfortunately, the tumout for the team’s first pep rally was sparse. Organizers hope to have better attendance at the next one. Sparse means a. long. b. thin ©. crowded. subjective + Mary, a highly subjective judge of her son isab'dgektiv/ every respect. The boy’s father, however, ha -adjective abilities, feels he’s brilliant in a less emotional view of him. + The reporter refused to write about his friend’s trial, He knew any story he wrote would be too subjective to be published as an unbiased article. Subjective means a. one-sided. b. boring. c. impersonal. succinct + Your telegram should be succinet so that you get your message across clearly jsak'sinkt/ without paying for more words than necessary. adjective + What's new?” is a suecinet way of asking, “Has anything of interest happened to you lately, my friend?” Succinct means a. wordy. b. prejudiced. c. brief and clear Matching Words with Definitions Foll sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the me; awe en x lowing are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The ing of each word. unfairn Injust an instance of injustice A new custom, method, or invention; something newly introduced Based on personal opinions, feelings, and attitudes; not objective a _ Something that discourages or prevents a certain action Expressed clearly in a few words; to the point; concise ‘To renew the strength and energy of; restore to a vigorous, active condition — A physical weakness or defect; ailment Distributed thinly; not thick or crowded To intrude or trespass on; to go beyond the limits considered proper An idea that communicated indi _ tly, through a suggestion or hint CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enougiy that you don’t need to check the definitions at all22 Chapter 4 Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. | a. deterrent b. Implication _c. inequity d. infirmity e. infringe f. Innovation _g. revitalize h. sparse subjective —_j._ succinct 1. Although Marie joked about her broken leg, it was an __ that kept her from work for a month. 2. When a restaurant’s tables have ashtrays, the is that smoking is permitted. 3. Our democratic rights do not include the freedom to __ on other people's rights. 4. “Now” is a___ way of saying, “At this particular point in time.” _ 5. Our grass is ___ along a path at the corner of the lot, where kids take a shortcut through our yard. 6. An interesting __ in food packaging is a boute from which salad dressing is squirted, rather than poured. 7. The seminar for company employees __(e)d my aunt’s interest in her job by giving her new skills and suggesting new goals. 8. The Diary of Anne Frank is a __ view of events during World War II, from the point of view of a young Jewish gis] in hiding. 9. The company was accused of creating a(n) __ by paying women less than men for doing the same work. 10. The faci that Beethoven was totally deaf by age 50 was not a(n) __ to his composing at the age af 53 one of his most ambitious and beloved works, the Ninth Symphony. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. When the candidate for mayor saw the __ turnout for his speech, he knew he had to do something to ___his campaign. 3-4. Future __s in technology, particularly on the Internet, may make it easier for a government to __ on the privacy of citizens’ computer records.Chapter 4 23 5-6, Although arthritis can be a painful __, Aunt Fern refuses to let it be a(n) __ to her active lifestyle. For example, she continues to go square- dancing every week. 7-8. All editorials are _ — they represent someone's opinions. In an editorial, for example, writers are free to argue against the __ of police brutality, instead of just reporting on it. ____________ 9-10. A sign may be brief and still have several __s. For example, the __ sign “Dangerous Curve” suggests that drivers should be wary? and stow down, that the curve ahead is sharp, and that bad accidents have happened there before. » Final Check: Bald Is Beautiful Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will hetp you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Looking through a hair-care magazine, I noticed many ads for toupees and hair thickeners. The Oa seemed to be that a man’s baldness i§ a major (2)_____ Well, I'm not going to let anyone (3) on the right of a man to be bald, or to demoralize® those who have already lost their hair, Listen, all you baldies. You may feel it's a serious @)_ that some heads have only (5)____hair while others are thickly covered, but I think bald men — including my father — are terrifically attractive. Sure, that’s just my (6) opinion, but I’m not alone. | know another woman whose boyfriend went so far as to shave his head in order to (7) _—_ their tired romance. My thick-haired boyfriend hasn’t offered to go quite that far, but | wouldn't offer any (8)__: ____to him if he had an inclination® to do the same thing. | know drug companies manvfacture medications to produce hair on bald heads, but that’s one oO I would discourage any man from using. I’d even like to see the day when toupees are as obsolete® as hoop skirts. I hate to see all those beautiful, shiny bald heads covered up. Or, to be more (10) ___, bald is beautiful. | Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabatary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 5 allusion banal i altruistic euphemism appease mercenary arbitrary syndrome assail taint i ‘Cen Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning, ___ Allusion means 2 altri aeltro'stik adjective __ Altruistic means 3 appease pplz) verb __ Appease means 4 arbitrary /a:bitrany -adjective Arbitrary means 5 asvalt p'seil/ verb Assail means 6 banal /ba'nail/ -adjective Banal means 24 - After J suggested that Monty have fruit for dessert instead of chocolate cake, he responded, “Is that an allusion to my weigh?” » Ray didi’t have the courage to come fight out and ask Lucy to marry hin Instead, he made only an allusion to marriage by asking, “Wouldn't it be easier if we had to fill out just one tax return?” a. acontrast. bd. a reference. ¢, an answer. When an enemy approaches, ground squirrels show altruistic behavior. They risk their own lives to give alarm calls 10 nearby relatives. + “Lm not often altruistic,” Brett admitted. “I usually put my own welfare first.” a. unselfish. b. cheerful c. greedy, My sister was so outraged when 1 accidentally scratched her favorite old Beatles record that nothing I could say or do would appease her. Roger was furious when he saw me out with another guy, but I quickly appeased him by explaining that the “date” was my cousin, a, {0 annoy. b. tw heal, ©. tocalm. + Professor Miller‘s students were angry that he graded essays in an arbitrary way, rather than using clear-cut standards. + Parents should not enforce rules according to their moods. Such arbitrary discipline only confuses children. a. steady. b. slow. impulsive. * The storm assailed us with hail and heavy rai + The two candidates continuously assailed each other with accusations of dishonesty. a, to attack. b. to confuse. ¢. to support, + The film, with its overused expre: banal [ had ever seen, jons and unimaginative plot, was the most > “Nice to see you" may be a banal comment, but what makes up for in friendliness. lacks in originality it a. greedy. b. unoriginal. c. clever.7 8 9 10 euphemism /jusfimizomy “noun Euphemism means mercenary /ms:sinariy adjective Mercenary means syndrome 'sindraum/ -noun Syndrome means taint feinty verb Taint means Chapter 5. 25 Common euphemisms include “final resting place” (for grave), “intoxicated” (for drunk), and “powder room” (for 1vilet). ‘The Central Intelligence Agency is on record as having referred to assassination with the euphemism “change of health.” a. aharsh term. —_b. a term that doesn’t offend. c. a foreign term. Ed is totally mercenary. His philosophy is, “Pay me enough, and I'll do anything.” The con man pretended to love the wealthy for mercenary reasons. Jow, but he actually married her a. jealous. b. angry. c. greedy. Headaches are usually harmless, but as part of a syndrome including fever and a stiff neck, they may be a sign of a serious illness. Jet lag is a syndrome resulting from flying long distances; it often includes exhaustion, headache, and loss of appetite. a, a group of symptoms. b. a cause. c. something required. ‘The involvement of organized crime has tainted many sports, including boxing and horse racing. The government scandal tainted the reputations of everyone involved. a. to benefit. b. to damage. ©. to start, Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print ch word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word, 1. 2 Determined by personal judgment, not rule or reason; based on impulse Motivated only by financial gain; greedy An indirect reference A group of symptoms typical of a particular disease or condition A mild or vague term used as a substitute for one considered offensive or unpleasant To calm, especially by giving in to the demands of Lacking originality; overused; commonplace To stain the honor of someone or something To attack physically or verbally Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others; unselfish CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to cheek the definitions at al26 Chapter Sentence Check i Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. ‘a. allusion b. altruistic. c. appease d. arbitrary e. assail | | f. banal g. euphemism h, mercenary i. syndrome —j._talnt sid: There have been people ___ enough to sell their own children for the right price. _- 2. “Someone hasn't shown me his report card,” my mother said, making a(n) __ to my brother. ee ___ 3. Intakes a(n) __ person to adopt a disabled child. Es 4, The mugger ___ed his victims with a baseball bat, The local undertaker insists on using a(n) ___ for the chapel of his funeral parlor. He calls it the “slumber room,” 6. The report that the halfback was addicted to drugs __(e)d the team’s image. __ 7. The only thing that would ___ the dead boy’s parents was imprisonment of the drunk driver who had killed him. 8. Abraham Lincoln is though to have had Marfan’s ___, a group of symptoms which includes unusually long bones and abnormal blood circulation. _ 9. The judge’s harsh sentence was __. Rather than being based on past similar cases or on the seriousness of the crime, it was based on the judge's, opinion of the defendant. —_—— _______10. “You're special” probably appears on thousands of greeting cards, but when someone says it to you and means it, it never seems _. Sentence Check 2 - Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. — _ 1-2, __ people tend to place the public welfare above their own self-interest Tn contrast, ___ people will exploit® anyone for a profit —~ they will even sell harmful products, 4. The angry customer loudly __(e)d the salesman for having sold her a broken clock. The salesman quickly __(e)d her by giving her a full refund.Chapter 5 27 5~6. My boss judges performance in a(n) __ manner, praising and scolding according to his moods. And when he says, “Please stay a few minutes longer today,” “a few minutes” is a(n) ___ for “an hour.” 7-8. A certain rare __ includes a very odd symptom — an uncontrollable urge {0 use obscene language. This disease can a victim’s reputation, because some people who hear the foul language won't understand the reason for it. 9-10. The critic hated stale language. Instead of writing a(n) __ comment such as “That ballerina is light on her feet,” he made an interesting to the dancer’s movements: “She was never heavier than moonlight. >» Final Check: No Lack with Women Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. My older brother, Mark, has no luck with women. He doesn’t understand why. I do. To begin with, when he first meets a woman, he goes into one of two styles of conversation. ‘The first is to (I)__ her with a stream of personal questions: “What's your name? Where do you live? Is that your real hair color? What kind of work do you do? Do you want to have kids someday? Are you seeing anyone? Would you like to have dinner with me?” Naturally, most women find this surprising and annoying. His other approach is to say the most ()__ things imaginable: “Nice day, isn’t it? | thought it might rain this morning, but it didn’t. It might rain tomorrow, but who knows. Last week was nice weather, t00."” By this time the poor girl has either walked away or passed out from boredom. Another thing Mark often does in his encounters with women is to say things that make him sound totally (3)____ . &s if money were the most important thing in the world to him. He makes frequent (4) s to his own salary, asks the woman how much she makes, and complains about the prices of everything on a menu. When he takes a date to a movie, he sometimes embarrasses her by trying to get his money back from the theater manager afterward, claiming he hadn’t liked the movie. Naturally, this sort of behavior somewhat (5)____s him in the woman’s eyes, and he rarely gets a second date. When one of hig former girlfriends complained to me about Mark’s behavior, I tried to ©. her by telling her that underneath it all, Mark is really a nice guy. She replied by saying that she wasn't interested in digging that far down. Mark, of course, finds women’s reactions to him completely (7) He shakes his head and says, “Women are just not reasonable, Here Iam, a5 nice as can be, and they act as if [ have some horrible, contagious (8). -” Litry to be a(n) (@_______ + sister and help the guy out. I point out how his behaviors turn women off, using gentle (10) ___s such as “You're just a little different, Mark. You're somewhat unique. You're a really special, unusual person.” Maybe I need to come right out and let him hear the truth, even if it makes him mad: “You're weird, Mark. (Scones Sentence Check 2 Se Final heck 4 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Ten Word Parts in Context 28 CHAPTER 6 i ann, enn ely | audi, audio- fon- cycl, cyclo- path, -pathy | hood pend hyper- quart, quadr- Common word parts — also known as prefixes, suffixes, and roots — are used in forming many words in English. Figure out the meanings of the following ten word parts by looking clasely and carefiully at the contest in which they appear. Then, in the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each word part. 1 ann, enn pecny ___ The word part ann of enn means 2 audi. audio- foxdy __ The word part audi or audio- means 3 cycl, eyclo~ (‘saik/ __ The word part cyel or eyclo~ means 4 -hood jhody __ The word part -hood means 5 byper- (haipay __ The word part hyper- means 6 -ly Ay _ The word part -/y means This yea Our town is having a big bicentennial parade exactly two hundred years after the day the town was founded, ’s annyal family reunion will be held at a campground, a. four. b. year, e. hang. ‘The bride’s softly spoken wedding vows were not audible to those at the back of the church. ‘The sound system in the new auditorium is so good that music can be heard clearly even in the upper balconies. a. condition, b. feeling. c. hearing. When Bob asked his parents if he could buy a new “two-wheeler;” they didn’t realize he meant a motorcycle. A cyclone travels in a circular motion, a, circle. b. four. ©. condition. When children reach adulthood, how much help should their parents give them? For my great-grandmother, womanhood began early — she was married at 15. a. state of. b. sound. c. not. Nancy is hypersensitive to conflict. When people disagree with her, she thinks they are rejecting her personally. ‘The hypermarket, a combination of a department store and a supermarket, is relatively new in the United States, a. opposite of. 'b. more than normal. . fourth, One cannot easily drown in Utah’s Great Salt Lake because the lake’s high percentage of salt helps people float. During the American Revolution, many brides proudly wore red, instead of white, as a symbol of rebellion. a. fourth, b. ina certain way. ©. opposite of,7 non- paon/ __ The word part non- means 8 path, -pathy spe) /'po®t/ __ The word pant path or -pathy means 9 pend ipendy __ The word pan pend means 10 quart, quade skwa:t/ __ The word part quart or quadr- means Matching Word Part: Chapter 6 29 The paints used in elementary schools are nontoxic so that a child who might swallow some won't be poisoned. ‘The story about the aliens was supposed to be nonfiction, but it sounded made-up to me. a. condition. b. not. c. overly. When Rich's marriage fell apart, Ben's reaction was very empathic because he had also been rejected by a loved one. Felicia and her mother claim to have powers of telepathy. They say that they know each other’s feelings and thoughts without being told a, feeling. b. hearing. ©. the opposite ‘The children’s swing is an old tire that’s suspended from a strong oak branch, I can’t sit and watch the swinging pendulum of a grandfather clock without starting to feel sleepy. b. to listen. a. suffering, c. to hang. Let’s cut the apple into quarters so all four of us can have a piece. The wd said I would quadruple my money in two months. But instead of making four times as much money, I lost what I had invested. b. two. c. four. a. overly. vith Definitions Following are definitions of the ten word parts. Clearly write or print each word part next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word part. i 2. 10. Four, fourth Feeling, suffering Ina certain manner Hea ig. sound To hang State, condition Year More than normal; overly Circle Not; the opposite of CAUTION: Do not go any fuser until ycu are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions 10 help you in the following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the word parts well enough so that you don’t reed to check the definitions a all.30 Chapter 6 ™ Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. |aann _b. audi, audio- ©. eycl, cyclo 4. hood e. hyper- ify g. non- h. path, -pathy i. pend j. quart, quadr- ___________ I. Chim loves playing the piano, especially when he has a(n) (.. . ence) listening to him. 2. It’s hard for me to be (sym... etic) _ when my sister complains, because she causes so marty of her problems herself. _ _ 3. Because of therapy, Grace is a well-adjusted adult, but her (child years were troubled and unhappy. ys 4, When | Jost one of my diamond earrings, | had the other one made into a(n) (., anf) __ to hang around my neck. - 5. The children’s odd (.. . )__ consisted of a toy-drum player, a building- block clapper, a piano player, and a bell ringer. _ ____ 6, We were told to bring only necessary equipment on our camping trip, s0 | was surprised to see how much (.... essential) __ gear others brougin. 7. Mis. Baker said she and her husband had been (happi....)___ married for forty-seven years. But Mr. Baker, correcting hes, said 1977 wasn’t so great, __________ 8. One of the most difficult vehicles to ride is also one of the simplest: a (uni...e)__, vehicle with only one wheel. ______ 9. The supervisor said that workers would be evaluated (. . . ually) __ for possible promotions. So if they don’t get a promotion one year, they might get one the next. 10. My grandmother has (.. . rensiony _, which is abnormally high blood pressure. ~™ Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each ‘talicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. —_______- 1—2. Some males act as if their (man ) ___ teally (de 5) ___an how many touchdowns they score or home runs they hit, rather than on maturity and strength of character. ‘he (. . . ist) __ stood (helpless...) __ staring at the tire he had chained to the tree. The rest of the bike had been stolen,Chapter 6 31 5-6. Stan, a... drinker) (.... critical) __ of anyone who touches alcohol. He is adamant his belief that taking even a single drink is the sign of a self-destructive personality. 7-8. The nursing class watched an ( visual) ___ show about the horrible conditions in a mental institution of the 1950s. The patients looked (... etic) __; clearly, they were suffering. 9-10. For my research report, I used two magazines — one (... erly) _, published four times a year; and an (. . . ual) __ that appears only every January. » Final Check: A Taste of Parenthood Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten word parts. First read the following selection carefully. Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once. Thave a lot of (sym...) (I). for parents of twins, triplets, and Co. uplets) nieces and nephews. First, | altruistically® offered to watch my brother's 1wo children so that he and his wife could go away for the weekend for their sixth wedding (. . . iversary) (3) Then my sister called and said that her husband, an actor, had a chance to (.. . tion) 4) _— for a big part in a TV drama. He had to fly to California for the weekend. She said she'd love to go along if I could watch their children, aged two and three. I (willing...) (5) agreed. What a time I had! I soon leamed that the word baby-sitting has a false implication? — very little sitting that weekend. The children’s activity was (.. . stop) (6) It seemed as if they never sat down, and nothing engrossed them for mote than a few minutes. They went from pedaling their tiny (eri . . . es) (7) _ to building with their blocks to banging their toy drums. They “washed” the dishes, let the dog loose, and made mud pies in the tomato garden. By Sunday, I was convinced they were all ( active) @), ____.. In addition, all weekend I was assailed? with endless que: “Why can’t I stay up late?” “Do 1 have to brush my teeth?” “What do ants eat?” Besides all the activity and questions, | had 1 cope with the knowledge that four little ones were entirely (de... ent) (9) on me for their needs. What if one got burt? What if they got sick? Fortunately, we survived without a disaster. I can’t imagine what it must be like for parents with two or more children, I guess I’m not ready to have kids yet — not even one. At least my responsibilities were terminated? on Sunday night. But (parent...) (10). is for keeps. I think I'll wait 1 just spent the weekend baby-sitting for my four did ns: Secures Sentence Check 2 Final Check eee nro Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT ONE. ~ IL 13, 45, . Lacking originalit Kee iew ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit One. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. absolve acclaim adjacent altruistic amiable animosity arbitrary banal demoralize deterrent eccentric epitome escalate inctination infringe innovation mercenary obsolete ROSS To stain the honor of someone or something To stop; bring to an end ‘To lower the spirits of To reply, especially ina quick, sharp, or witty way Friendly and pleasant . Motivated only by financial gain; greedy Distributed thinly Close; near (to something) A tendency to think, act, or behave in a certain way overused 20. Enthusiastic devotion; intense enthusiasm 21. A perfect example of a general quality or type 22. To intrude or trespass on; to go beyond proper limits 23. Determined by personal judgment; based on impulse DOWN 2. Great praise or applause: enthusiastic approval 3. Something that prevents or discourages a certain action 8. To find innocent or blameless . Following in retort sparse subsequent succinct | taint terminate zeal |. Differing from what is customary; odd . Expressed clearly in a few words . Unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others; unselfish To increase or intensify . A new custom, method, or invention; something newly introduced No longer active or in use; out-of-date e or order; next; later; succeeding Bitter hostilityPART 9 ‘UNIT ON: ; Test ¢ Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided, 10. In the winter, the price of tomatoes __ while their quality goes down. a. el b. appeases c. escalates 4. absoives Acommon for corpse is “remains.” a. syndrome c. euphemism — d. zeal ‘The taxi driver was so__ that he charged his own mother for a ride. a. mercenary —_b. amiable ©. curt d. wary Do you consider it an___ that only one percent of Americans own a third of the nation’s wealth? a. allusion b. inclination _¢. inequity d. acclaim You probably thought that mail delivery by mule was __, but it still exists in the Grand Canyon a. adamant b. curt c. tangible d. obsolete ‘You can make your essays __ by going through them carefully to remove all unnecessary words. ~ a. succinct b. adamant c. tangible d. eccentric New York’s firefighters and police were the __ of courage during the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. Many of them lost their lives while attempting to save others. a. encounter. epitome c. animosity d, innovation As a(n) to stealing, the Los Angeles Rapid Transit Authority requires, its employees to wear uniforms without pockets. a. deterrent b. acclaim c. innovation 4, inference . The suspect realized that if she wanted to be __ of the charges, she'd better hire a detective to find the real murderer. a. assailed b. demoralized c. tainted a. absolved ‘You might have a stronger __ to work for high grades if you were a student in the Cleveland public high schools, where each A ears forty dollars toward college tuition. a. animosity —_b. infirmity ¢. inclination d, syndrome (Continues on next page) 3334 Unit One: Test 1 PART B On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item. ue 18. 20. . The office manager maligned her boss by saying, You would have an encounter with an old friend from grade school if you a. contacted him by mail. b. missed him. c. forgot about him. 4d. ran into him at the matl. a. “He's not only stupid but also dishonest.” —b. “I wish I had a sports car like his.” c. “He's the nicest boss I've ever had. d. “think he could be a fittle more efficient.” . Which of the following would be considered an innovation if it were put on the market today? a. Anelectric blanket b. A fax machine c. A combination computer and waffle iron d._ A hand plow |. Our English teacher says spring fever is a syndrome that includes a. March through June. . beautiful daffodils. c. an urge to stare sleepily out the window. _d._allergy pills. . “You have tainted the name of our family forever,” Ellen's father told her, “and you should be a. proud.” >. ashamed.” c. amused.” d. thanked.” The nurse exploited her elderly patient by a. giving hi c. compl a bath and changing his sheets. b. reading aloud ta him every day. ning to her husband about him. d. tricking him into giving his fortune to her. . A curt response when someone asked you to dance would be a, “No way.” b. “That'd be great. Thanks.” c. “I'd really fike to, but I’ve already been asked by someone else.” d. “I wouldn't dance with you if we were the last two human beings left alive on Earth.” When the Lees moved to a new neighborhood, they were faced with an unfortunate dilemma: a. They discovered that « large family of squirrels was living in the attic of their new home. b. They had to choose between a terrible public school or a private one that was very expensive. c. They had friendly neighbors on one side and rude ones on the other, 4, ‘There was enough sun in their back yard for good-sized vegetable and flower gardens. . When we put out a can of tuna for the stray cat in our yard, the wary animal a. gobbled it down as though it were starving b. sniffed it suspiciously and took a Jong time before deciding to eat it. c. didn’t seem hungry. d. ate it and promptly fell asleep. When the teacher smiled at the class and id, “If I were you, I'd study Chapter 2 tonight,” the most of the students had already studied that chapter. snost of the class members were poor students. the teacher would test the class on that chapter the next day. the chapter was not very interesting, aege Score (Number correct) __ 5 Enter your szore above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,» UNIT ONE: Test 2 PART A ‘Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. | a. acclaim b. adamant —c. allusion —d. antagonist. appease g. elicit h. infringe ° i. retort |. sparse m. zeal 1. An unhappy employee __(e)d the company’s assembly line by spilling, coffee on a gear box 2. Do you think that supermarket tabloids __ on celebrities’ privacy’? 3. The __s in the debate took opposing sides on the question of outlawing cigarettes. 4, Most Americans show little __ for the outdoors, spending only about 2 percent of their time there. 5. Apparently, the chance to be President doesn’t ___ much enthusiasm from most Americans — 89 percent say they wouldn't want the job. 6. A “perm” involves the contradictory steps of burning hair to a lifeless state and then smearing on conditioners to it. 7. Although Marilyn Monroe received great __ from adoring fans and crit she never received an Academy Award 8, Our congressional representative, __ in her opposition to pesticides, often reminds voters that pesticides kill about fourteen thousand people each year. 9. When a woman told Winston Churchill, “If you were my husband, I'd put poison in your tea,” he __(e)d, “If L were your husband, I'd drink it.” 10. Although failure __s some people, it encourages others to try harder. 11. The plants look ___ now, but in the empty spaces. in a year or two they'll multiply and fill 12. “Gail isn’t the only athlete in the family,” Clarence sai to Gail's father, a bowling champion. |, making a(n) 13. When Kathleen stood Evan up for the prom, an apology did not __ him. He’s suing her for the cost of his rented tux and the prom tickets. (Continues on next page) 9536 Unit One: Test 2 PARE B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorreetly 14, Ants have the infirmity of being able to survive under water for up to two weeks, 15, When the evidence in a case is unclear, a jury’s decision may be arbitrary, based ow only the jurors’ “gut feeling.” : __ 16. Movie reviews are never subjective — they represent the persona) opinions of critics. 17. If you worry about the environment, you're eccentric. According to a poll, over three-fourths of Americans are concerned about the environment. __ 18, Phyllis is very methodical in her efforts to be the life of any party. She keeps a file box of jokes, indexed by occasion. __ 19. A wedding ring is a tangible expression of a couple’s commitment to each other. PART © On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word, Example: _« irate a. angry b. calm ¢, well-informed _— 20. terminate . begin end c. grow 21. amoral a. ethical b. costly ©. unprincipled 22. amiable a. friendly b. natural ©. unfriendly PART D ‘On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced word. Example: _b_ irate a. angry b. calm ¢. well-informed —— 23. assail a. flow b. attack c. defend ___ 24. subsequent a, previous b. hidden c. following 25. animosity a. liveliness b. hatred ‘c. sympathy | Scare (Number correct) x4 Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performartce chart on the inside back cover of the book:UNIT ONE: Tesi 3 Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTER: relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choice For each item, figure out the (a, b, c, oF d) expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. I. ABSOLVE : BLAME :: a. reduce : enlarge ¢. trial : verdict 2. AMORAL : CRIMINA a. pastor : church ©. uneducated : professor 3. ANTAGONIST : TEAMMATE :: a. coworker : relative ¢. scholar : athlete 4, DILEMMA : SOLUTION =: a. puzzle : piece €. breakdown : repair 5, SABOTAGE : TERRORIST :: a. entertain : magician ¢. terrorize : frighten 6. WARY : CAUTIOUS a. jealous : envious . jealous : rival 7. IRATE : FRIENDLY : a. peaceful : calming c. sweet : sour 8. ACCLAIM : CRITIC :: a. test: question c. loyalty : dog 9. ADJACENT : NEARBY a. neighboring : distant cc. upbeat : optimistic 10. ENGROSS : FASCINATING :: a. popular : well-known cc. boring : thrilling . blame : punish wish : desire ag b, murderer : victim 4. brave : explorer ». opponent : supporter |. teammate : coach confusion : bewilderment |. size : color ag destroy : carpenter |. magic : illusion ag b. excessive : minimal d. minimize : exaggerate . plentiful : abundant |. warrior : weapon es b. familiar : strange d. optimist : whiner b. common : rare d. bore : monotonous (Continues on next page) 3738 Unit One: Test 3 ML. Ws. 19, 20, |. OBSOL . TANGIBLE : DREAM! . SPARSE : THICK =: INFIRMITY ; STRENGTH a. joy : unhappiness , sadness : depression . METHODICAL : ORGANIZED :: a careful : sloppy C. simple : elaborate 1: MODEL T a. well-known : Disney World c. spotlight : flashlight a, weather : snowy c. frequent : often . TERMINATE : EMPLOYMENT :: a. chimney : house c. remember : forget CALATE : INTENSIFY :: a, labor : work c. enlarge : preserve a. acom : oak tree c. confusing : clear SUCCINCT : WORDY =: a. talkative : chatty ¢. alarming : frightening ALTRUISTIC : UNSELFISH :: a. saint : holy ©. generous : stingy BANAL : UNORIGINAL :: a. surprising : unexpected c. copied : original Score (Number correct) ee ag es disappointment : emotion . careful : orderly . insult : anger . old-fashioned : modern |. nutritious : chewing gum s ag es begin : commence . quit : school compliment : insult . increase : adjust . recent : modern amusing : intelligent b. brief : hurried . welcome : unwanted artist : painting |. wealthy + rich pleasant : distasteful |. match ; fire Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT ONE: Test 4 (Word Parts) PART A Listed in the left-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words in which the parts are used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition on the right. Word Parts 1. ann, enn audi, audio- 3. eyel, eyclo- _ 6-ly 7. non- ____ 8. path, -pathy 9. pend 10. quart, quadr- PART B Using the answer line provided, part from the box. Not every word part | a ann i. 12. 13. 14. 15. “b, audi- vty 9. non- h. -pathy Examples annual, bicentennial a. Ina certain manner audible, auditorium b. Feeling, suffering motorcycle, cyclone c. Circle adulthood, womanhood d. To hang hypersensitive, hypermarket ©. Year easily, proudly f. Four, fourth nontoxic, nonfiction g. State, condition empathic, telepathy h. Not; the opposite of suspend, pendulum i. Hearing, sound quarter, quadruple j- More than normal; overly complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word ill be used. . eye “d. -hood . hyper- pend i. quadr- Mickey Mouse had no (boy...) __ — he was “born” as an adult, Lenjoy riding an exercise bike because I don’t have to (. . .)___ uphill. ‘My dog didn’t know why I was crying, but I could tell that she felt (sym...) __ for me. The spider, (sus... ed) __ from the ceiling on its own silken thread, dangled above a bow! of popcorn. Children’s rhymes include such (. . . sense) _ words as “Hickory, dickory, dock.” (Continues on next page) 39Unit One: Test 4 PART ( Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer tine, write the letter of each meaning, 16. Ned secretly slipped a note under Anna’s plate, a. ina secret manner b. ata secret time +c. without being secret Should { buy @ quart or a gallon of chocolate milk? a. a third of a gallon b. a fourth of a gallon c. ahalf gallon ‘The public library’s biennial hobby show will take place next month. a. happening every two weeks. happening every two months _c. happening every two years Mrs. Bush was troubled by hyperthyroidism. a. too linle activity b. too much activity c. a missing thyroid gland of the thyroid gland of the thyroid gland ). There's a problem at the television station. Only the audio portion of the show is coming through. a. sound b. picture ©. 10p Score (Number correct) _ x5 Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Unit Two | calamity persevere attest enigma | | comprehensive ponder attribute exemplity conventional rehabilitate |—_ discern mobile flagrant turmoil || dispatch nocturnal fluctuate venture | enhance orient concurrent hypothetical | degenerate sanctuary confiscate nominal || implausible scrutiny | constitute Predominant | i incoherent sinister i decipher _ prerequisite | intercede suffice | | i default recession Ll a tricate vulnerable hs " Chap! blatant gloat sate forc, fort | gaunt retallate flex, flect ward | blight immaculate | | bio- hum | contrive plagiarism | —— claim,clam pater, patri- | | fin semi- \ garble quaim !UNIT TWO: Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closes in meaning to the boldfaced word. — 1. fluctuate a) stand still —b) vary irregularly ¢) float “d) sink ___ 2. rehabilitate a) restore o normal life b) relax €) plan in meetings d) interpret 3. flagrant a)gentle b)hidden —_) slight’ —_d) outrageous __ 4, calamity a) disaster) storm —@) conference —_d) breeze _ 5. persevere a) treat harshly b) mark —¢) continue —_d) delay __ 6. comprehensive a) accidental _—_b) including much _—_¢) delicate.) small __ 7. venture a)tum aside —b) urge e) risk d) misrepresent ___ 8. ponder a) think deeply about) allow) reduced) flatten 9. turmoil a) workplace —b) quiet setting ¢) fired) uproar __ 10. conventional a) large_—-b) ataconference —_¢) outstanding _) ordinary II, enhance a) reject b) get c)improve —@) free ___ 12. mobile a) firm in opinion —b) able to move) stationary _d) restricted __ 13. orient a) determine the location of b) lose ¢) represent.) consist of _ 14, attribute ‘a)admiration —b) program —€) disease) quality ____ 15. enigma a)rash —b) puzzle.) ool_~—d) cleanser 16. discern a) see clearly bh) devise ¢) rule out d) consider _ 17, dispatch a)recall b) remove —¢) send _—d) plant _. 18. exemplify a) construct b) represent ¢) plan d) test ___. 19. nocturnal a) supposed —b) not logical. ~—e) complex —_ dd) active at night ___. 20. attest a) bear witness examine ¢) tearup —_) dislike 21. concurrent a) apart) happening together) north_—_d) off-and-on _. 22. hypothetical a) moral__b) factual ¢) avoidable) supposed __ 23, constitute a) make up) eliminate ¢) separate) remove ___. 24, recession a) parade —b) amusement —_¢) giving in) business decline . 25. predominant a} smallest b) most noticeable c) having a tendency d) hidden (Continues on next page} 4229. 30. 34. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 4. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 48, 49. 50. . decipher 27. 28, default nominal prerequisite confiscate . sanctuary 32. 33. suffice degenerate vulnerable implausible intercede scrutiny sinister incoherent intricate qualm blight garble contrive gaunt immaculate retaliate gloat plagiarism * blatant Unit Two: Pretest 43 a)interpret b) study ¢) improve) pay back a) jump —b) do automatically _¢) fail to do something required _d) seize a)opentoharm —b) large) important d) slight a) requirement beforehand —_b) test’) close inspection _d) extra credit a)deny —b) make difficult ¢) desire) seize with authority a)opinion b) hardship _¢) place of safety d) something complicated a)think up b) beenough —¢) prevent) pay back a) give up b) improve ¢) stay the same) worsen a)kind —b) intelligent) wicked —_d) sensitive a) possible b) hard to believe ¢) imaginary _d) historical a) ask forafavor b) remove _¢) isolated) come between to help solve a}knowledge —b) lack of interest ¢) close inspection _d) ignorance a)frightened lively ¢) generous) evil a) not logical) well-spoken.—¢) quiet d) unable to read a)easy b) complex ¢) workable d) touching a) pleasure b)deadend —_¢) feeling of doubt_—_d) place of safety a) something that damages) natural environment —_¢) example d) storm a)refuse b) mixup —e) claim —_) speak clearly a)allow b) inspect. ¢) think up __d) prepare a)tired b)complex _¢) well ~—d) bony a)roomy b) clean c)empty _—_d) complete a)repairb) repeat ¢) renew —_d) pay back 1a) express spiteful pleasure b) give upc) eat) deny a) support b) contribution _¢) stealing someone's writings) removal a) sudden —b) immediate) quiet_—_d) obvious SCORE: (Number correct) x2CHAPTER 7 | calamity persevere i comprehensive ponder i conventional rehabilitate | flagrant turmoil 4 fluctuate venture | Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest 10 that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 calamity /ka'lemoti “noun Calamity means 2 comprehensive /komprihenstv/ -adjective Comprehensive means 3 conventional tkan'venfanal/ -adjective Conventional means 4 flagra /fleigront/ -adjective Flagrant means 5 fluctuate /flaktjvert/ -verb Fluctuate means 6 persevere Ipaist'via(e)/ -verb __ Persevere means 44 The survivors of the earthquake slowly rebuilt their homes and lives after the calamity. Our neighbor's house burned down one night in May. Ever since that calamity, some of the children on our street have been afraid t0 go to bed at night. a. an activity. b. atragedy. ©. atisk, That article on sightseeing in New Orleans was not comprehensive. It failed to mention many points of interest in that wonderful city. ‘The company’s comprehensive insurance plan covers most health services, including hospitals, doctors, and dentists. a. complete. b. familiar. ©. continuous. ‘The conventional Valentine's Day gifts are roses and chocolates. Jorge wanted to propose to Elena in the conventional manner, so in the of a restaurant, he got down on his knees and asked, “Will you marry me?” iddle a. out-of-the-way. b. useful c. usual, The use of campaign funds for the congressman’s private business was a ‘lagrant violation of the law. In flagrant disregard of his parents’ stated wishes, Art wore a T-shirt and jeans to their dinner party. a, obvious. b. acceptable. c. minor. My weight used to fluctuate between 150 and 190 pounds. Now it’s steady, at 170 pound: Desert temperatures can fluctuate by as much as fifty degrees between daytime and nighttime, a, to continue. b. to vary. ©. to follow. “L know you're tired,” Jack said, “but we've got to persevere and get to the camp before the storm hits.” It was not easy to attend English classes while working at two jobs, but Nina persevered until she could speak English well. a. to surrender. b. to hold back. c. to keep going.7 10 Chapter 7 45 ponder + Too often we don’t take time to ponder the possible consequences of our /ponda(r)/ actions. ~verb + Over the years, Mr. Madigan rarely took time to ponder the meaning of life. Since his heart attack, however, he’s thought a lot about what is important to him. Ponder means a. to wait for. b. to ignore, c. to think about. rehabilitate + Most prisons make little effort to rehabilitate inmates so that they can lead jrisho'biliterty productive, wholesome lives after their release. ~verb + My grandfather learned to walk, write, and speak agai a program that rehabilitates stroke victims. Rehabilitate means _a. to pay back b. to prepare for normal life. __¢. to depend upon. turmoil + Without a teacher, the sixth-grade class was in turmoil, until the prin /tamail) entered the room and the students quickly came to order. snoun + After the turmoil of crying babies, active children, and trying to feed 120 people, I’m glad when our family reunions end. Turmoil means a. discussion. b. disorder. c. harmony. venture + “Pll venture going on any ride in this amusement park except the Twister,” Jventfa(e)/ said Nick. “I'll risk getting sick to my stomach, but I won’t risk my life.” wverb + At tomorrow's staff meeting, { will venture to say what I really think and cross my fingers that J don’t get fired. Venture means a. to dare, b. to remember. c. to imagine. Matehing Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 2. — Shockingly obvious; outrageous — To take the risk of; dare Including all or much __ To restore to a normal life through therapy or education ‘To continue with an effort or plan despite difficulties —__ Complete confus jon; uproar An event bringing great loss and misery _ To vary irregularly; to go up and down or back and forth CC Tro consider carefully; think deeply about Customary; ordinary CAUTION: Do not go any farther until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions 1 help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to cheek the definitions at all46 Chapter 7 *~ Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a.calamity _b. comprehensive c. conventional. flagrant —_—e. ffuctuate | persevere 9. ponder > Sentence Check 2 | fh. rehabilitate turmoil i. venture 1. Iris is so vain that she considers it a if a pimple appears anywhere on her face. 2, Too many people have a child without taking time to, parenthood. They give less thought to having a baby than to buying a sofa, 3. When Charlene lost her job because she spoke up for a fellow employee, was a___ violation of her rights. 4. Our history exam will be ___; it will cover everything we've studi September. since 5. Nobody in Doug’s family has a ___ job. His mother is a drummer, his father is a magician, and his uncle is a wine taster, 6. Learning the computer program was difficult, but when Maria saw how useful it would be in her work, she was glad she had __(e)d 7. It took many months of therapy to __ my aunt after she lost her sight, but now she can get around her home and neighborhood on her own. 8. The day we moved, the apartment was in __. Boxes and people were everywhere, and the baby wouldn’t stop crying. 9. The way my dog’s appetite __(¢)d this week worries me. One day she hardly ate anything, and the next she gulped down everything I gave her. 10. Instead of hiring a lawyer, the defendant will __ to plead her own case in court, Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box, Use each word once. 1-2, The one time my cousin __(e)d skydiving, the result was a__. Her parachute didn’t open, and she was injured so badly in the fall that she almost died. 3.4, A drug-treatment center can ___ most addicts. Among the failures are addicts who don't __ with the treatment and leave the center early.Chapter 7 47 —______ 5-6. When driving alone, Marshall is very __, obeying all the traffic rules. But when his friends are with him, he shows off with ___ violations of the speed limit. 7-8, “We need to ___all we might do to help families in trouble,” said the social worker to her staff. “We must plan a __ program, not just a narrow plan dezling with only one part of their lives.” ________ 9-10. The boss's moods and orders __ so wildly at times that they throw the department into __. As a result, productivity is at an all-time low, and it will take a new boss to revitalize® this office. » Final Check: Accident and Recovery Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. We tried to stop Anna from jumping, but her (1) disregard of our warnings led to a (2), that would change her life forever. She dove off a rock into a river none of us was sure was deep enough. When she hit the bottom, she broke her back. I visited Anna at the hospital every day for the next few weeks. I saw her mood BL between anger and quiet depression, Her whole life seemed in (4) ___; she was too confused and demoralized’ to think reasonably about her future. Within about a month, however, I began to see a change in Anna. She had moved to Henner House to participate in a very (5) program, designed to meet all the needs of patients like Anna. The program (6) ___s accident victims so that they can return to fulfilling lives. Anna gained hope once she saw she could learn to do such everyday tasks as cooking, cleaning, and bathing. After learning how to get around indoors, she O the better she felt. The staff also helped Anna plan for her future. They urged her to (e)d traveling around the city in her wheelchair. The more she did, 8) her goals and how she might meet them. At times, it was difficult for her to (9) with the program, but she didn’t quit Now, ten months later, Anna is able to live a somewhat (10) life. Her infirmity? is not a deterrent®; she is able to do many of the ordinary things she used to do — work, drive, and live in an apartment with a friend, Yes, her life has changed forever. But Anna is once again glad to be alive. Scores Sentence Check 2 % Final Check % Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the bookCHAPTER 8 Ten Wards in Contes attest enigma ! | attribute exemplify | discern mobile dispatch nocturnal | enhance orient t In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 attest . jaltest/ -verb Altest to means 2 attribute . oltribjust/ -noun Attribute means 3 discern . sat's3in/ verb Discera means 4 dispatch . dis pa verb Dispatch means 5 enhance : fan'ba:ns/ verb Enhance means 6 enigma : j'ugm/ . -noun __ Enigma means 48 Anyone who has seen the Golden Gate Bridge in the rose-gold light of sunset can attest f0 its beauty. Witnesses attest (0 the fact that rainfall makes the ground of Death Valley so slippery that boulders slide across it a. to declare 16 be true. b. to wish for. c. to forget easily, A three-hundred-page novel written in 1939 has the odd attribute of containing no e, the most common letter in English. In Japan, some cars have such computerized attributes as windshield wipers ‘shat automatically turn on when it rains, a, a tendency. b. a defect. c. acharacteristic. ‘An experienced jeweler can easily discern whether a diamond is genuine or fake. People who are red-green colorblind can discern the colors of waft recognizing shades of gray. lights by a, 10 see clearly. b. to disregard. c. to change. I wanted 10 dispatch the letter as quickly as possible, so 1 took it to the post office instead of dropping it into a mailbox. At work Harold is treated like an errand boy. His boss often dispatehes him to the deli for sandwiches or donuts. a. to represent. b. tosend, c. to drive, (Our gym teacher enhanced her appearance with a more attractive hairstyle. The college catalogue stated that the writing course would “enhance all students’ writing skills” by improving their grammar and style. a. to improve. b. io recognize c. toreduce. How the thief entered our house was an enigma until we remembered that the cellar door had been left unlocked. ‘The “singing sands” of Scotland remained an enigma until scientists leaned that footsteps caused the round grains of sand and the surrounding air pockets to make musical vibrations. a, acomfort. b. a puzzle, ¢. an error.7 10 exemplity . jig'zemplifay/ ~verb Exemplify means mobile : /'maubail/ -adjective : Mobile means Rocturnat . mnok'tsinal/ -adjective . Nocturnal means orient . omranty -verb Orient means Chapter 8 49 ‘The many IRS employees who give citizens inaccurate information exemplify ‘governmental incompetence. Mr. Pell, who emphasizes original thinking and freedom of expression, exemplifies the best in teaching. a. to illustrate. b. to save. c. to oppose. My parents own a mobile home, which can be moved from place to place on a long truck. Every morning when I was in the hospital, a volunteer wheeled a mol library into my room. a. active, b. expen c. movable. I know when my brother has enjoyed one of his nocturnal feasts because 1 find a stack of dishes in the sink in the morning. Being nocturnal, owls are rarely seen during the day. a. noisy. b. busy. c. of the night When coming up from the subway, I often need to look at a street sign to orient myself. Certain cars Jet drivers orient themselves in unfamiliar places with the help of an electronic map that shows the car’s location. a. to locate. b, to welcome. c. to question. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its de sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1. 2. 3. 4 6. 7. 8 9. 10. A mystery or puzzle To send to a specific place or on specific business OF, about, or happening in the night; active at night To make a statement about something on the basis of personal experience; bear witness; testify To determine one’s location or direction; to locate in relation to a direction (east, west, etc.) To recognize; detect ‘To improve Moving or able to move from place to place A quality or feature of a person or thing, To be an example of; represent; be typical of CAUTION: Do not go sny further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventustly to know the words well enough so that you don’t necd to cheek the definitions at all.50 Chapter 8 > Sentence Check I Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. | a. attest b. attribute c. discern d. dispatch @. enhance f. enigma 9. exemplify h. mobile i, nocturhal j. orient _____ 1. Fresh garlic may not ___ the breath, but it certainly improves spaghetti sauce. — ___ 2. A witness ____(e)d (0 the truth of the defendant’s claim that she had loved the murdered man, . 3. When IT was younger, my mother used to ___ me to the store for milk or some missing cooking ingrediem as often as twice a day. _ 4. The lives of such reformers as Susan B. Anthony, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King __ greatness, —_______. 5. Science does not have enough evidence to solve the ___ of whether or not there is other intelligent life in the universe. 6. The convicts decided on a(n) __ escape. The darkness would hide them as they fled through the forest. _ 7. Sue's hairpiece is so natural looking that it’s impossible to ___ where the hairpiece ends and her own hair begins. &. The positions of the stars help sailors ___ themselves on the open seas. ____. 9. My mother is unable to walk, but with her wheelchair she is __ enough to get around her one-story home, move along a sidewalk, and even shop at a mall. 10. Giant kelp, a form of seaweed, has some amazing ___s. Not only is it the world’s fastest-growing vegetable, but the more it is cut, the faster it grows. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. Because Helen Keller could not hear or see, the keenness of her other senses was __(e)d by use. It is said that she could _ who was in a room simply by using her sense of smell. 4. A__ robot that collects and delivers mail throughout the office building __s itself with electric eyes.Chapter 8 51 5-6, In fables, animals often illustrate human In the story of the race between the tortoise and the hare, the tortoise is meant to _ the human qualities of being slow but steady. Despite competing against a much speedier antagonist®, he persevered? and beat the overly confident hare. _— 7-8. The reason the boss likes to __ Oliver on lengthy errands is no __. Everyone knows that the office functions better with Oliver out of the way. _—_______ 910. Anyone who has ever gone to college can to the fact that during finals, many students become ___ animals. They stay up all night before an exam and then, once the test is over, sleep the rest of the day. >» Final Check: Animal Senses Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Animals possess sensory powers that humans lack. Homing pigeons fly with great speed and accuracy when (1)_____ (e)d with messages to faraway places. How do pigeons (2) ___ themselves in unfamiliar regions? T remains something of a(n) 3) The mystery, however, is partly explained by a pigeon’s ability to see ultraviolet light, which reveals the sun’s position even through clouds. In addition, pigeons can hear sound waves that have traveled hundreds of miles. These waves (4), a pigeon’s sense of direction by indicating distant mountains and seas. Pigeons even appear to (5)____ changes in the earth’s magnetic field, Bats have impressive (6) s equally worthy of acclaim’. As o ___ animals, they search for food in complete darkness. They do so by screeching in tones higher than any human can hear and then locating prey by the returning echoes. Sconpions also (8), the night hunter. Tiny leg hairs enable them to feel vibrations in the sand made by a @) insect as far as two feet away. People with knowledge of the pigeon, bat, and scorpion can (10) to the fact that such “innovations”? as the magnetic compass, radar, and the motion detector are nothing new. | Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 9 | concurrent hypothetical confiscate nominal | constitute predominant | decipher prerequisite | | detautt recession i lL 5 Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 concurrent /kan'karant/ -adjective Concurrent means 2 confiscate /konfiskert/ -verb Confiscate means 3 constitute /konstitju:t/ verb Constitute means 4 decipher idi'sarfa(n)/ -verb Decipher means 5 default sar' fost -verb __ Defauls means 6 hypothetical jhaipau'@ctikaly -adjective __ Hypothetical means 82 Having mistakenly registered for two concurrent classes, Joe had to drop one of them and choose a course that met at a different time. Concurrent with the closing of the steel mill was the opening of a new toy factory in town. As a result, most of the workers laid off from the mill found jobs at the new factory. a, occurring at the same time. b. resulting. c. noticeable, “Hand ‘em over,” my father said. Just as we were really starting to have fun, he confiscated out entire supply of water balloons. ‘Thai drug agents once confiscated $2 million worth of heroin that had been wrapped in plastic and inserted into live goldfish. The agents seized the drugs as they were being sent out of the country. a. to distribute widely. —_b. to take possession of. _c. to overlook. In my opinion, a good movie, a pizza, and animated conversation constitute a perfect night out. ‘Twelve business and professional people constitute the board of directors of the local women's shelter. Among other things, they help raise funds for the shelter. a. to repeat. b. to oppose. «. to form, Why do contracts have to use language that’s so difficult to decipher? On one vf Holly's essays, her English teacher wrote, “Please type your papers. I can't decipher your handwriting.” a. to figure out. b. to find, ©. toimprove. We won our case against the appliance repairman because he defaulted by failing to appear in court. Jay’s mother said, “I’ll co-sign on your car loan, but you have to make every payment. If you default, it will hurt my credit rating.” a, toact as expected. _—_b. not todo something required. _c. to begin. Imagine the hypothetical situation of going to live alone on an island. Which books and CDs would you take along? Law schools hold pretend court sessions with hypothetical cases so that students can practice their skills. a, sure to happen. 'b, dangerous. c. imaginary.7 8 9 10 nominal /nominal/ -adjective Nominal means predominant ypri'dominanty -adjective Predominant means prerequisite /prtit'rekwizit/ -noun Prerequisite means recession sn'sefon/ “noun Recession means Chapter 9 53 Except for a nominal registration fee, the camp for needy children is entirely free. Professor Banks gave us only nominal extra credit for participating in psychology experiments. She wanted our course grade to be based mainly on our test scores. a. enormous. b. very little, c. helpful. Rock is the predominant music in our dorm, but country music is also popular. Although the predominant type of car in New York City in 1900 used gasoline, a third of the cars ran on electricity. a. rare, b. main. c. temporary. You can’t take Spanish Literature I unless you've taken the prerequisite, Spanish IIL. Being allergic to cigarette smoke, Kathy told Joel that his qui was a prerequisite for their marrying. ing smoking a, a requirement. b. a penalty. ¢. amethod. While seashore businesses in the North suffer a recession in the winter, they do very well from spring to fall, ‘The department store laid off twenty workers during the recession, but it rehired them when business improved. a. a rapid growth, b. a sale. €. an economic setback. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. yen ae 10. ______ To make up; be the parts of ‘To fail to do something required Most common or most noticeable Something required beforehand To seize with authority; legally take possession of To interpret or read (something confusing or hard to make out) Slight; very small compared with what might be expected Happening or existing at the same time; simultaneous A temporary decline in business Supposed for the sake of argument or examination; imaginary; theoretical CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions tw help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all54 Chapter > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word ‘once. ‘a.concurrent —_b. confiscate, constituted. decipher —e. default. | f. hypothetical —_g. nominal h. predominant i, prerequisite j. recession ~ Sentence Check 2 Using the answer Sines provided, complete each item below once, |. Anger was the __ emotion among voters when they first heard that their taxes would be raised again. 2. Although the two robberies were __ — both occurred at midnight on Friday—one man had planned them both. One hundred senators and 435 members of the House of Representatives the United States Congress. 4, A __ for taking the driver’s road test is passing a written test on the driving laws. 5. The town library charges only a ___ fine for late books but a higher fine for late videotapes. 6. Karim has such terrible handwriting that his wife couldn't __ his message saying she should meet at the restaurant. 7. When the shoe factory closed, our little town went into a___ because the laid-off workers had no money to spend at local businesses. 8. The phone company refused to install a phone in Glen’s new apartment because he had __(e)d on several of his previous bills. 9. When Justin was convicted of his third reckless-driving charge in six months, the court __(e)d his drives’s li cense. 10. To teach young children safety, many parents explain what to do in situations, such as if a stranger asks them to go for a ride. two words from the box. Use each word 1-2. This summer, local children can sign up for art or music lessons for a_ fee of $3. It’s impossible to take both, though, since the classes will be 3-4. Although cancer and heart disease ___ the leading threats to life in the United States, car accidents are the __ cause of death for teenagers.Chapter 9 5~6. “It seems as if a degree in accounting is a__ for understanding our tax laws,” said Ken. “How else could anyone ___ the tax codes?” 7-8. The small print on the Bryants’ mortgage stated that if they should ___ on payments, the bank had the right to__ their house. 9-10, When Ms. Howe was interviewed for the job of store manager, the regional manager asked her a question about a ituation. “Imagine that our business is in a__,” he said. “What would you do to enhance® sales?” » Final Check: Money Problems Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. “My car has been stolen!” My neighbor, Martha, ran into my house crying and angry. “I saw them take it!” I called the police for her, and she told an officer the cense number and car model. “The a color of the car is brown,” she added, “but it has a black roof. I had it parked in the lot adjacent® to the beauty shop I own. I saw two men tow it away.” “You saw them tow it?” the officer asked. “Have you (2), (e)d on your car loan?” “What do you mean?” Martha asked. “If you haven't been making your payments, the bank or dealer has the right to @). _—____ the car.” Martha admitted that she hadn't made any payments for three months. Later she told me she’d gotten notices in the mail but threw them away because their language was 100 complicated to ), . She also said she was having money problems. (5) with the car loan was a big home improvement loan. She also had five credit-card bills and regular living expenses to pay. To top it all off, the city was suffering from a (6) + so her income was down, something her laid-off employees could certainly attest® to, She was about $12,000 in debt. ‘At my suggestion, Martha visited a debt counselor who helped her develop a comprehensive? plan to pay her bills. The only (7) job and a willingness to pay one’s debts in full, The counselor and Martha planned what would s for this free service were a regular (8) a reasonable budget, based on Martha’s income and expenses. They then wrote to the companies she owed to arrange to pay a (9) amount each month until the- whole debt was paid. They a issed what she would do in several (10), s0 dis ituations, such as if her refrigerator died or her income changed. Now, Martha is getting back on her feet again — in more ways than one, since she never got the car back. Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 10 sanctuary ‘scrutiny | sinister | suffice vulnerable Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning 56 1 degenerate sdi'dgenarati verb ___ Degenerate means 2 implausible fam'plo:zabl/ -adjective Implausible means 3 incoherent sinkau'hrarent/ -adjective Incoherent means 4 intercede Junta’ sind ~verb Intercede means 5 intricate /intrikat/ adjective Intricate means 6 sanctuary seen kijuary -noun Sanctuary means Mr. Freedman’s family was called to the nursing home when the old man’s condition began to degenerate. It was feared he didn’t have long to live. Mel’s relationship with his parents degenerated when he dropped out of school against their wishes and became a bartender. a. to improve. b. to remain the same. ¢. to worsen As implausible as it may sound, Southern Florida sometimes does get snow. Insurance companies hear such implausible excuses for auto accidents as “I hit the telephone pole when I was blinded by the lights of a flying saucer.” a. unbelievable. b. acceptable. c. valuable. If Mitch drinks much more, he’ll become completely incoherent. He’s already having trouble expressing his thoughts clearly. ‘My sister talks a lot in her sleep, but she’s so incoherent then that we can never figure out what she’s saying. a, calm, b. unclear. c. inconvenient. ‘When the principal said Harry couldn’t play in Friday’s football game, the coach interceded, hoping to change the principal’s mind, Ine7’s parents refused to come to her wedding until her brother interceded and persuaded them to come after all. a, to give into someone. b. to plead for someone. _c. to examine closely. War and Peace is a long, intricate novel that weaves together the detailed life stories of many individuals. It’s amazing to see the intricate gold and silver jewelry that ancient Indians made with only simple tools. It obviously required great patience and skill to create such complex ornaments. a. simple. b. uninteresting. c. complicated. Old, unused trains in Grand Central Station serve as a nighttime sanctuary for some of New York City’s homeless. When the houseful of children becomes too noisy, Ned finds the laundry room to be a sanctuary, a place where he can read in quiet. a. a reminder. b. ashehter. ¢. achallenge.7 scrutir /skrustiny/ Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a. > Sentence Check 2 “d.Intercede 6, intricate suffice i. vulnerable scrutiny 1. Ken’s cartoons __ for the school newspaper, but they wouldn't be good ‘enough for the city papers. 2. The Joker’s name is misleading, for he’s a(n) _ man who takes pleasure in doing evil. . 3. People who live in big cities are more __ to muggings than are residents of small towns. 4, The leaves outside the window created a(n) ___ lacy shadow on my bedroom wall. 5. Although it seems __, the seemingly dead desert really does blossom after arainstorm, 6. People who allow an escaped convict to use their home as a___ may face criminal charges themselves. 7. My brother was so upset that he was _. It wasn't until he calmed down. that I understood he had been fired. 8. Unclaimed bags at airports receive the ___ of security officers watching for drugs or explosives. 9, When {don’t have company, my apartment tends to __ into a jumble of Papers, clothes, and school supplies. 0. When Dad informed my little sister that she had to be home from her date no later than ten o’clock, Mom ___(e)d and gave het a midnight curfew. Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word ‘once. 1-2. Birds feel ___ to attack when they are out in the open where shrubbery is sparse®, To attract them to your bird feeder, put it near a __ of thickly growing trees and large bushes. 3-4. To get imto the party, Mitch made up a flagrant? lie — a(n) __ story about having lost our invitations in a fire. However, the unlikely tale did not ___ to get us in.Chapter 10 59 5-6. When a complicated musical piece is played by a talented orchestra, audiences can appreciate the structure. But when poor musicians try the piece, it___s into nothing more than noise. 8. Ass he Left the bank, the robber shot and wounded an elderly man on mere impulse. Shocked by the ___ act, the bank clerk was at first However, after calming down, she was able to clearly tell the police about the robbery and the totally arbitrary? shooting. 9-10. The children’s eager ___ of the carefully arranged candies and cookies brought a curt waming from their mother: “Look, but don’t touch!” However, their grandmother ___(e)d and convinced her that it would be an inequity° to give all the goodies to company and none to the children. >» Final Check: The New French Employee Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. One summer, Nan worked in a factory with an employee who had recently arrived from France, a sofi-spoken young man named Jean-Louis. He spoke little English, but Nan’s basic French (1)_____ (e)d for simple conversations and helpful translations. However, one day when she was called to the foreman’s office, she wished she knew no French at all. FBI agents were there with Jean-Louis. After explaining that Jean-Louis may have been more (2)__ than the innocent young man he appeared to be, the foreman left her there to translate for the agents. The agents said Jean-Louis had been on the run after committing several jewel thefts in France. Nan struggled to translate their questions, which were often too (3) ___for her limited vocabulary. At times, she became so nervous that she was nearly (4) When Jean-Louis finally deciphered® what Nan was saying, he said the police were maligning? him, He claimed he was being mistaken for his no-good twin brother, who was responsible for the robberies. The angry FBI agents found Jean-Louis’s ‘story (5)____. The conversation soon (6), (a into a shouting match, with everyone yelling at poor Nan. When her boss heard the racket, he O__ (e)4, appeased? the agents, and got them to excuse her. Nan then went to the ladies’ room, a (8) from the turmoil? of all the shouting. After the agents left with Jean-Louis, she was calm enough to go back to work. But she felt (9)__* ___ for days as she wondered if she was under the (10), of jewel thieves who might blame her for Jean-Louis’s arrest. Scores Sentence Check2_é Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 11 blatant gloat j blight immaculate contrive plagiarism | garble quaim | | gaunt retaliate | Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 60 1 blatant /bleitanty adjective __ Blatant means 2 blight folat/ -noun __ Blight means 3 contrive kon'tratv/ -verb __ Contrive means 4 garble /'garbl/ ~verb __ Garble means 5 gaunt igor -adjective Gaunt means 6 gloat iglout/ -verb _ Gloat means Scott's smoking is blatant. Not only does he light up “everywhere, but his clothes smell of smoke, and his fingers are stained with nicotine. ‘The company’s disregard of the environment is blatant. It makes no effort to stop polluting coastal waters with garbage. a. unmistakable. b. scrambled. ¢. not noticeable. Nothing has hurt our country more than the blight of drugs. There are two ways of looking at T valuable source of information, ‘8 a blight that dulls the mind or as a a. something that assists. b. something very obvious. c. something that harms. My eight-year-old son could write a book titled 10 Ways I Have Contrived 10 Stay Up Past My Bedtime. Jill has to contrive a way to get a day off from work for her friend’s wedding. She's already used up her vacation time. a. to think up. b. to mix up. ©. to avoid. ‘The typesetter accidentally garbled the newspaper story, giving the reader only a mixed-up article. The company had garbled the bike's assembly instructions so badly that we were constantly confused about which step to do next. a. to read, b. to lose, ¢. to jumble. Abraham Lincoln’s beard made his gaunt face look fuller. Sharon’s eating disorder, called anorexia nervosa, has made her so gaunt that she looks like a walking skeleton. a. very thi b. wide. c. confused. ‘The coach told his team, “There's onily one thing worse than a sore loser, and that’s a mean winner. Don't gloat.” Neil’s sister always tattles on him and then gloats when he’s punished, saying, “Ltold you so.” a. to apologize fully. _b. to be overly self-satisfied. c. to pay back.7 8 9 10 immaculate 'maekjulot/ adjective Immaculate means plagiarism /pleid3rarizam/ ae een An uneasy feeling about how right or proper a particular action is To mix up or confuse (as a story or message); scramble oe 10. To feel or express delight or self-satisfaction, often spitefully ‘Something that weakens, damages, or destroys Using someone else’s writings or ideas as one’s own, ___ Toplan cleverly; think up ‘To return an injury for an injury; pay back Very obvious, often offensively so Perfectly clean Thin and bony CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct, Then you can use the definitions {to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all62 Chapter 11 > Sentence Check 1 ‘Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. “a. blatant b. blight —_—_c. contrive e. gaunt | 14. gloat g. immaculate —_h. plagiarism retaliate JS a a oo J 1. A@) clean. _ house may be a sign that someone has nothing better to do than 2. Child abuse is an awful ___ on the physical and mental health of our youth. 3. My aunt refuses to drive Mr. Elson to bingo because he __s so much when he wins, which is often. 4, The F's and D's on my brother's report card are __ evidence of how little he has studied this term. 5. Emilio still hopes to__a way to get Rita to go out with him, even though she’s refused him four times. 6. When my friend Jamee left a message with my little brother, inviting me t0 go to the mall, he ___(e)d it so badly that the message I got was: “Jamee wants you to go play ball.” - 7. Every time the Hatfields harmed the McCoys, the McCoys would __, so the feud went on for years. 8. Rescued after being lost at sea for nine days, the men were terribly __, but they put on weight rapidly. _ 9. My parents say it is foolish to give spare change to panhandlers, but I always feel a___ when I walk by them and give nothing. - 10. Mark Twain joked that charges of __ were ridiculous because no one can be completely ofiginal. He wrote, “We mortals can’t creale — we can only copy.” > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. The living room looked ___ except for a lump under the carpet, a(n) __ sign that my son had taken a shortcut in cleaning up. 3-4, After the bully struck him, Jules wanted to __ by throwing a rock, but he had __s about doing anything so dangerous.Chapter 11 63 . The little girl was so __ after her illness that her parents carefully __(@)d fattening meals that were sure to arouse her appetite. - _____ 7-8. “At least I know you aren’t guilty of ___,” said my teacher, “Nobody else would have __(e)d the report so badly that it’s impossible to follow.” 9-10. Wi a ___ on our school. Not only does he start fights with opposing players on the basketball court, but he also ___s after he’s benched, as if he’s proud of causing such turmoil®. In fact. although he’s a great player, the coach is pondering’ kicking him off the team. » Final Check; A Cruel Teacher Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. It has been twenty years since I was in Mr. Brill’s tenth-grade biology class, but T still get nervous thinking about it, Mr. Brill was a tall, (1) __ man who resembled the skeleton at the back of the room. His meanness was (2), For his most difficult questions, he would call on the shyest kids, those most vulnerable® to the pain of embarrassment. And when they nervously (3 (e)d their answers, he would (4) . 4s if their poor performance were a personal victory for him. ‘The discomfort of some of his victims was almost tangible®, nearly as solid as the wooden pointer which he sometimes loudly slammed across his desk just to shock us. He seemed to (3) situations just to make us miserable. For example, if our fingernails were not (6), , we were sent out of class. As if we needed clean hands to dissect a frog! One time I worked extremely hard on a paper for class, but he accused me of o) . He said I must have copied it because I was too dumb to write anything that good, Without a(8)_-— he gave me an F, which ruined my average and demoralized® me for the rest of the year. All of us students would imagine ways to get even with him, but we were too afraid to (9) . Why a teacher like that ‘was allowed to continue teaching was an enigma? to us, one I still have not figured out. In all the years since, I've never met a person who was such a (10), on the teaching profession, Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the bookCHAPTER . ~ -ate fore, fort bio- hum | | claim, clam pater, patri- fin semi- | -ward Ten Word Parts in Context Figure out the meanings of the following ten word parts by looking closely and carefully at the comext in which they appear. Then, in the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each word part, 1 -ate + Teachers often find it difficult to motivate students to learn eagerly. ey + The TV history series fascinated viewers with such details as a seventeenth-century English children’s hospital that gave each child two gallons of beer per week. __ The word part -ate means a, cause to become. b. call ©. end 2 bio- + Helen Keller wrote a touching autobiography titled The Story of Jbatou/ My Life. + Biology is the science of living things, both plant and animal. ___ The word part bio- means a. bend, b. life. c. partly. 3 claim, clam + In 2001, American theater critics acclaimed The Producers, which /klemm/ won twelve Tony awards, as the best musical of the year. + The exclamation point emphasizes passionate, sudden, and The word part claim or clam surprised outcries, such as “Aha!” and “That hurts!” means a, ery out, b. father. c. partly. 4 fin + The final word in many prayers is amen, which means “May it be /fain) /fin/ so.” + “Ooooooooh! Aaaaaaaah!” the crowd exclaimed, enjoying the spectacular five-minute finale that closed the Fourth of July fireworks display. _ The word part fin means a. strong. b. toward. c, end. 5 flex, flect + Gymnasts must be extremely flexible so that they can bend their fleks/ /flekt bodies into many positions. + When they enter church, Catholic one knee, as a sign of reverence. s genuflect — that is, they bend _ The word part flex or flect means a. bend. b. father. c. person, 6 fore, fort + The burglar forcibly entered the home by breaking the kitchen fost) window. + The children made a high wall of pressed snow to fortify themselves against a snowball attack by the kids across the street. __ The word part fore or fort means a, person. b. direction of. c. strong, 647 hum /hamy __ The word part hum means 8 pater, patri- /perta(ryy __ The word pant pater or patri- means 9 semi- /'semi/ __ The word part semi- means 10 -ward pwd? _ The word part -ward means Chapter 12 65 “We have done grandmother's life,” A resident of the shelter for the homeless complained, “The treatment here is not humane. We want to be treated like people, not objects.” that is humanly possible to save your id the doctor. a. inthe direction of. 6. having to do with people. _c. call, + Mike just became a father, so he is taking six months’ paternity leave to help care for the baby. Patriotism was so strong that soldiers willingly risked their lives to defend their fatherland. a. partly. b. toward, c. father. My grandfather is only semiretired — he works part-time as a plumber. 1 use semisweet chocolate in my frosting to keep it from being too bitter or too sweet. a, partly. b. of living things ¢. toward, Everyone at the fair looked skyward in horror as the colorful hot-air balloon exploded. The children tried walking to school backward but gave up before even reaching the end of their block. a. call. b. in the direction of. «. of ing things. Matching Word Parts with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten word parts. Clearly write or print each word part next to its definition, ‘The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word part. 1 2. 10. Bend Partly; alt Life; of living things Father Cause to become In the direction of; toward Call; ery out Strong Person; having to do with people End CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions ‘o help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the word parts well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all66 Chapter 12 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. a.-ate b. blo- c. claim, clam {. fore, fort 9. hum h. pater, patri- 1. Little Jesse loudly (ex . . . ed) _. that his father was the smartest man on the block. n AC... rhythm) _ is any cycte of periodic changes in life, such as daily changes in body temperature. » . The jury found the disturbed young man, who had shot his father, guilty of (... cide) __. 4. After a cold, rainy weekend of camping, the Boy Scouts were relieved to head (home...) __. 5. My mother was so (in . . . ible) __ that she never once bent the rule and Jet me stay out past curfew. 6. The candidate's (. . . efiul) __ speech in favor of reduced military spending made a powerful impression on me. 7. Uncle Ken was ina (. . . private) __ room in the hospital. The other man in the room had also suffered a heart attack. 8, There were only two (. . . alists) __ in the lz contest, and both were country singers. st session of the talent 9. Bishop Desmond Tutu of South Africa received the Nobel Peace Prize for his (... anitarian) ___ efforts to bring justice to his country’s people. —_ __10. In 1961, administrators of New York's Museum of Modern Art were (humili ... d) to learn that for weeks a painting had been displayed upside down. ntence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. +2. looked (down...) ___ and watched the doctor tap my knee to see if its (re...) ___ was normal. . My supervisor, Mr. Kane, is (.. . nal) __. He (en... es) ___ the rules in a fatherly way—firmly but kindly. In addition, my coworkers are all very amiable”, making for a very friendly atmosphere.Chapter 12 67 ___. 5-6. After the accident, my brother was ( . conscious) ___ for several hours. (. . . ally)__, around midnight, he became fully alert and mobile? enough to walk out of the hospital on his own. ‘7-8, When the teacher asked students to write a(... graphy) _, she meant the life story of a (.... art) __. But Harry wrote the life story of Tarzan, his pet snake. 9-10. In 1863, Abraham Lincoln issued a (pro . . . ation) __ freeing the slaves. But it would be almost one hundred years after his announcement before teal efforts were made to (integr . . .) __ black people into society's mainstream. »> Final Check: It’s Never Too Late Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten word parts. First read the following selection carefully. Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once, J almost fell out of my chair last night when my father (pro . . . ed) (1). “I quit my’job today. I’m going to college.” He realizes that people may think it eccentric® to start school at his age, but he’s willing to appear odd because he’s tired of ( . . . skilled) (ea) work in a factory. He wants a job that requires more skill and training, Both of my (... nal) (3) grandparents died when Dad was a child, so he and his brothers were forced to quit school early to work. Dad finished high school at night. Now he will venture? working only part-time in order to (educ . ..) (4) himself further. He still isn’t sure what his major will be, but he has always liked science. He definitely wants to take a(. . . logy) (5). course because all living things interest him. He'd like to focus his (ef. . . s) (6) ina field that benefits (... anity) (7) such as physical therapy, where he could help rehabilitate® people with certain infirmities*. He's also thinking about nursing. Most men of his generation think of nursing as women’s work, so Dad’s interest in this field shows me he is more (... ible) 8), _______ in his thinking than I ever realized. Whatever his choice, he is looking (for . . . } (9). to classes with great zeal®. I know that when he (.. . ishes) (10). his schooling, no one will be prouder of than I already am. |___ Scores _ Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover ofthe book.UNIT TWO: Review ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Two. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fill these words to comple 7 c the puzzle that follows. . 3 ° m 7 "2 7 1 nS " " 6 " 2 ez a ACROSS, 24. A mystery or puzzle 13. 5. Perfectly.clean 25. To send to a specific place or 6. Thin and bony a specific business 14, 7, An event bringing great toss and misery ee DOWN 15, 8. A quality or feature of a 1, To plan cleverly; think up person or thing 2. To vary irregularly; to go up 9. To consider carefully * and down or back and forth 16. 11, An uneasy feeling abouthow 3. Difficult to believe; unlikely right or proper a particular 4, Very obvious, often 17. action is offensively so 19, 18, Customary; ordinary 10, Slight; very small compared 20. 22, To be good enough to what might be expected 23. A temporary decline in 12. Moving or able to move from 21 68 business place to place blatant calamity concurrent contrive | conventional decipher | default | discern | dispatch | enigma fluctuate gaunt immaculate implausible intercede mobile nominal ponder qualm recession scrutiny sinister suffice turmoil ‘To make a request or plead on behalf of someone else . Close inspection; careful examination To interpret or read (something confusing or hard to make out) . Happening or existing at the same time; simultaneous Complete confusion; uproar To recognize: detect To fail to do something required - Evil; wickedUNIT TWO: Test 1 PART A Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided. _. 1, According to legend, vampires are ___ creatures who cannot survive in daylight. a. incoherent b. immaculate c. nocturnal d. conventional 2. The counseling program to __ addicts includes job training. a. rehabilitate b. contrive . ponder d. exemplify 3. Unless figure skaters practice regularly, their skills will __. a. retatiate b. degenerate —_c. confiscate d, decipher 4, It may sound ___, but a camel can drink twenty-five gallons of water at a time. : a. implausible —b. gaunt ¢. mobile 4, nominal . 5. Movie subtitles should be __ with the spoken words they are translating. a. flagrant b. hypothetical ¢. incoherent d. concurrent 6. Even the most __ peope have microscopic creatures clinging to their hair. a. sinister b. immaculate. incoherent. intricate _ 7. Measles remains a serious __ worldwide, killing over a million people each year. a. blight b. plagiarism = c. qualm d. prerequisite 8. The Peace Corps continues to __ American volunteers to live and work in developing nations. a. discern b. garble c. dispatch d. default 9. The government student loan program is in serious trouble because many students __ on their payments. a. suffice Db. attest cc. intercede d. default __10. In a race across New Jersey in 1901, drivers traveling up to thirty miles an hour were arrested for their __ disregard of the speed limit, which was + eight miles an hour. a. flagrant b. hypothetical c. conventional d. immaculate (Continues on next page) 6970 Unit Two: Test 1 PART B On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item. 11. Conventional business clothing for a man includes a, Bermuda shorts and a Hawaiian shirt. b. jeans and a sleeveless tank top. c. asuit and tie, dd. swimming trunks. 12. In order to attest to what it feels like to walk on the moon’s surface, a person must a, have read about an astronaut who did it. b. have walked there himself or herself. ¢, bea scientist who has studied the moon, _d._ have a good imagination. 13. A person who has lost his or her eyesight can become more mobile by a. leaming to read Braille. b. becoming depressed and refusing to go out. ¢. leaming to get around with a Seeing Eye dog. d. listening to the radi 14. A usual prerequisite to getting a driver's license is a. purchasing a car. b. committing many traffic offenses. c. passing a driving test d._ refusing to have one’s photograph taken. 15, When her brother and sister argue, Rachel often intercedes by a. leaving the house. b. covering her ears, c. ignoring them both. d. helping each see the other’s point of view. 16. College students who don’t eat properly and don’t get much sleep are vulnerable to a. good health. b. their doctors. c. driving places. 4. itlnes 17. The parrot garbled its words, a. making us all laugh at its mixed-up speech. b. amazing us by speaking so clearly. c. embarrassing us with its dirty words. 4d. boring us by repeating the same few words 18. Which of the following constitutes a good breakfast? a. Aneighborhood diner b. Orange juice and bran flakes with mitk and bananas ¢. Spaghetti with anchovy sauce d. Customers at a pancake house 19. The tennis player’s performance fluctuated during the tournament. It a, was magnificent one day, awful the next, and average the following day. b. was consistently excellent. c. began well but went steadily downhill all week. d. started badly but became better every day. 20. Wanting to gloat over her promotion at work, Kris a. didn’t mention it to anyone. b. worked harder than ever to show that she deserved it c. said 10 a coworker, “Sorry, loser. I got it.” d. became very nervous about het new responsibilities. Score Enter your score above and in the Vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT TWO: Test 2 PART A ‘Complete each item with a wor rd from the box. Use each word once. | a. attribute b. calamity c. decipher d. enigma e. exemplify | | nominal g. orlent h. quaim i. recession retaliate k. scrutiny sinister m. suffice | 1, The sinking of the ship Titanic, which struck an iceberg, was a(n) in 13, which nearly 1,600 people died. . People who can’t read must __ themselves in a city by relating to familiar places, not signs. “A hint to my daughter to take out the garbage won't __.” Alonso insisted. “She needs to be told to do it.” 1 don’t know who sent me the birthday card because I couldn’t __ the signature, A shonage of a single product, such as sugar, could cause a(n) __ in several indusiries. Don’t buy a used car unless you examine it closely and also have a mechanic give it careful . Although our library charges only a fee to use a computer, I don’t think it should charge students any fee at all. In some religions, gods and goddesses represent various human __s, such as strength, beauty, and wisdom. . Through the years, people with __s about having cheated on their income taxes have sent gifts of money to the IRS. |. People __(e)d against their dictator, who had ordered mass murders, by executing him. . One of the oddest ___ plots of all time was thought up by a wealthy Frenchman, He fed his victims rich foods until they died of overeating. . The thousands of oak leaves that covered the ground in a Scottish town in 1889 were a(n) __. The nearest oak trees were eight miles away. Lightning bolts, which travel at millions of miles an hour and produce five times the heat of the sun’s surface, __ nature's tremendous energy. (Continues on next page) 772 Unit Two: Test 2 PART B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write 1 if the word is used incorreetly. 15. PART C 14, ‘The turmoil of a smooth, clear lake always makes me feel at peace. A wonderfully incoherent speaker, Abraham Lincoln was widely admirea for his powerful speeches. . James Bond was about to step into his enemy's trap when a beautiful woman, a former enemy who had fallen in tove with him, pondered him to escape. . The Democratic and Republican parties are predominant in the United States, but other parties are also represented on the ballots, Shortly before his birthday, Bruce contrived to get his parents to walk past the toy store so that he could point out the Nintendo game displayed in the window. . Each year, thousands of Americans who think themselves too gaunt have some fat surgically removed, On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word, 20. 21. 22. PART D Example: _¢_ nominal __ a. personal b. enormous c. slight confiscate a. give back b. seize c. combine enhance a. improve b. lead c. weaken comprehensive a. limited b. broad c. iregular On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced word. 23. 24. 25. Example: _>_nomini a. personal b. enormous c. slight intricate a. complicated b. musical c. simple persevere a. look b. stop c. persist blatant a. strange ‘b. obvious c. hidden [ Seore (Number comet) 4 Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,UNIT TWO: Test 3 Eack item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. For each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (a, b, c, or d) expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. CALAMITY : SUFFERING =: |. magnet : repels c. tragedy : sadness PERSEVERE : QUIT :: a. open : shut c. drink : thirsty VENTURE : EXPLORER :: a. see : blind person c. cow: milk CONVENTIONAL : UNCOMMON :: a. conduct : experiment c. owner : possesses MOBILE : UNMOVING :: a. rapid : slow c. excited : lively . ENIGMA : MYSTERIOUS :: a. baseball : bat c. funny : serious . OWL : NOCTURNAL :: a. tiger : cat c. day : night DISCERN : LOOK :: a. hear listen ¢. cold : touch . DECIPHER : CODE :: a. surgeon : doctor ©. puzzle : piece ). CONFISCATE : SEIZE :: a. confuse : clarify ©. take : give s . tragedy : joy . table : chair perspire : sweat |. continue : persist es ag es as considerate thoughtful . quiet : noisy write : words |. wet : water joke : funny clue : detective . tiger : fierce . child : adult smell : taste ignore : see . untangle : knot evident : clear . cry : funeral . contribute : give (Continues on next page) 7a74 Unit Two: Test 3 11. HYPOTHETICAL : ACTUAL :: a. brave : cowardly c, old: ancient scary : frightening |. problem : solve ag 12, DEFAULT : LOAN :: a. pass + course b. pay : salary c. break : promise d. tax : income 13. INTRICATE : COMPLEX :: a. difficult : simple b. headlight : car ¢. circular : round d. scold : soothe 14. DEGENERATE : IMPROVE : a. salve : equation b. generous : giving c. ride : train 4d. grow : shrink 15, IMPLAUSIBLE : UNLIKELY :: 2. straight : crooked b. unfortunate : unlucky ¢. furniture : house d, unfortunate : lucky 16. SANCTUARY : SAFETY a. hideout : secrecy b. enclosed : exposed c. wheel : steer 4. dinner ; breakfast 17, GAUNT : PLUMP :: a. tall : short b. thin : skinny ©. precious : jewelry d. fruit : nutrition ___18, BLIGHT : DESTROYS =: a. flood : dries b. medicine : heals ©. pianist : piano d 19, QUALM : CONSCIENCE a. love : hatred b. room : fireplace ¢. cramp : muscle d. pain : health 20. PLAGIARISM : IDEAS :: a, criminal : crime b. host : party ¢. writing : paper d. shoplifting : merchandise Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT TWO: Test 4 (Word Parts) PART A Listed in the left-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words in which the parts are used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition on the right. Word Parts Examples Definitions: 1. -ate motivate, fascinate a. Father ___ 2. bio- autobiography, biology b. Call; ery out —— 3. claim, clam acclaim, exclamation ©. Partly 4. fin final, finale 4. End _._ 5. flex, flect flexible, genuflect e. Cause to become 6. fore, fort forcibly, fortify f. In the direction of; toward —— 7m humanly, humane g. Person; having to do with people ___ 8. pater, patri- paternity, patriotism h. Strong 9. semi- semiretired, semisweet i, Bend 10. -ward skyward, backward i. Life; of PART Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Not every word part will be used. - - a | a -ate b. blo- ¢. clam | 1. fort g. hum ‘b. patrl- 11, To (activ...) __ yeast, put it in a warm liquid. 12, When I meditate, I focus (in . .. ly) ___ by mentally repeating a nonsense word. - 13. In the seventeenth century, England (. . . ified) + trade by passing a law that all corpses must be buried weakening wool wool. — 14. The French king Louis XIV’s (.. . al) words before his death were to his servants: “Why do you weep? Did you think I was immortal?” 15. Why are robots often given a (. . . anoid) ___ appearance? Are we more comfortable with “smart” machines that resemble us? (Continues on next page) 7576 Unit Two: Test 4 PART ¢ Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer line, write the letter of each meaning. 16. The dining club is semipublic. a. fully public ’. partly public .c. private 17. A patriarchy is « form of social organization in which famities are headed by a. the strongest. b. the oldest. c. the fathes. 18. My chemistry teacher also teaches biochemistry, which is the chemistry of a. life processes. b. lakes. c. weather. ____ 19. Albert Einstein claimed that his brain was his laboratory. a. realized b. made known c. silently wished 20. The company I work for has decided to experiment with flextime for employees. longer work hours b. shorter work hours <. adjustable work hours Score (Number correct) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Unit Three curtail devastate digress incentive abstain affiliate | agnostic | aspire benevolent congenial ‘Mippant impasse perception prompt Indispensable intermittent rigor squander Incorporate succumb deficit dissent diversion lucrative mandatory Prone rapport rationale relentless reprisal alleviate infamous benefactor intrinsic covert revulsion cynic speculate demise virile | charisma poignant contemporary prevalent contend Proponent conversely quest extrovert traumatic Chapter 18 cor, cour -ish di-, du- magni-, magn- -dom phob oyUNIT THREE: Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. ____ Lb. incorporate a) anger b) separate. ¢) combined) calm 2. intermittent a) hesitant b) nervous ¢) off-and-on d) constant 3. digress a) stray -b) improve ec) resist d) repeat 4. incentive a) fear b) pride ¢) concern d) encouragement __. 5. succumb a) approach b) repeat. e}givein dd) cut short 6. rigor a) ease b)hardship _¢) slowness. d) meanness __— 7. squander a) waste b) lose) insult) strongly desire __ 8. curtail a)urge b) join ¢)cutshon —_d) relieve 9, indispensable a) necessary) not impostant¢) saved up) wasted ___ 10. devastate a) spread out b) begin again ¢) reassure) upset greatly _— 11. speculate a)search —b) think about) inspect. —_d) state to be so __ 12. eynic a) pessimist b) serious person) single person) clown __— 13. infamous a)notknown —b) small ¢) having a bad reputation _) related ___ 14, benefactor a) landlord —b} one who gives aid) optimist.) kindness __ 15. covert a)distant b)hidden ¢) changed —_—d) adjusted ___ 16. virile a)healthy b) manly e) wrinkled.) required ___ 17. intrinsie a) belonging by its very nature) on the surface _€) not noticeable 4) careful ___ 18. alleviate a)make anxious b) depart. ¢) infect) relieve ___ 19. demise a)trick —b) death —¢) disguise) departure. _—— 20. revulsion a) confession) great disgust ¢) attraction) compassion ___ 21. deficit a) surplus b) remainder ¢) part of the whole) shontage ___ 22. mandatory a) masculine) sexist ¢) required —_d) threatening, ____ 23. abstain a) do without b) disagree) prepared) approve of ____ 24. tuerative a)silly b) profitable €) causing diseased) attractive ___ 25. diversion a) awareness b) practice ¢) amusement —_d) fate (Continues on next page) 7826. 21. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. 4. 42. 43. 45. 46. 47. 48, affiliate agnostic aspire benevolent dissent proponent. charisma quest contend conversely contemporary extrovert prevalent poignant traumatic rapport reprisal flippant perception relentless congenial prone rationale 50. Unit Three: Pretest 79 a)impress b) approve ¢) reject d) join a) one who is unsure there’s a God b) saint ¢) believer) genius a) dislike b) strongly desire) impress) deliver a)kind —b) wealthy —¢) nasty) poor a) approval b) defeat ¢) winning —_d) disagreement a)foe —b) supporter) examiner __d) one part of the whole a) friendship b) kindness —_¢) obedience) charm a)search —b) request €) placed) memory a) join b)claim —¢) aroused) allow a) rudely b) uncooperative) in an opposite manner __d) unfriendly )modem —b) odd ~—¢) old-fashioned _—_d) futuristic a) shy person b) magnetism —_¢) main point_—_d) outgoing person a) famous _b) widespread e)escapable—_d) plain a)annoying —_b) beautiful ¢) careless) touching a) causing painful emotions —_b) reversed) delicare. -—_d) harmless a) support b) close relationship) view d) report a) gettingeven b) defeat) question —_d) search a)cold b) formal __¢) disrespectful) nervous a) meeting —b) party) dead end) impression a)angry b) persistent ¢) cruel d) kind a) pleasant —b) intelligent ¢) mixed-up_—_d) lacking a)disliked b)tending —_¢) active) rested a) research paper_—_b) debate) logical basis. d) mood ayexit b) central point ¢) gate. -—d) dead end a)urge b)avoid — e) wasted) lie SCORE: (Number correct) x2 %CHAPTER 13 curtail indispensable j devastate intermittent i digress rigor | incentive squander | incorporate succumb Ten Words in Context in the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 1 curtail /kst'teil/ -verb Curtail means 2 devastate /devasteity -verh _ Devastate means 3 digress idar'gres/ -verb Digress means 4 incentive omisenuv/ -noun Incentive means 5 incorporate jin'koxparet/ ~verb Incorporate means 6 indispensable jandis'pensabl/ -adjective Indispensable means 80 + Upon hearing reports of a tornado, the principal curtailed the school day so students could go home early. + [need to curtail my volunteer activities so that [can spend more time earning money to pay back a loan. a, to combine. b. to shorten. c. to extend. + Learning that their son had been arrested for armed robbery devastated the Huttons. They couldn't believe he’d do such a terrible thing. + Vera is so fond of Andy. She'll be devastated to hear he has cancer, a, tothi il. b. to annoy. €. to upset greatly. + Professor Rubin never digresses during a lecture. Even his jokes relate to the day’s topic. + Ltried to teach my three-year-old a discus iece our phone number, but we digressed to n of whether Winnie the Pooh has a telephone a. to listen carefully. 'b. to go off the subject. c. 10 getup. + The insurance company offers an incent its representatives to make more sales. fe — a free vacation — to encourage + The thought of myself in a bathing suit next summer provides me with an adequate incentive tw exercise. a, encouragement. b. liberty. c. change. + Jerry incorporated all of his favorite desserts into one; a chocolate-covered banana-cream pecan pie. + Since the number of young children has gone down in my neighborhood, the two elementary schools have been incorporated into one. a. to give up. b. 10 join together. ©. to raise, + Because there’s no bus or train service nearby, a car is indispensable in my neighborhood. + When you're broke, you find that many things you thought were indispensable aren’t actually necessary after all a. free. b. needed.7 10 Chapter 13 81 intermittent + You have to work steadily with your dog to train him well. Intermittent janta'mitant/ practice won’t work. adjective + Dora realized that her weight loss on a diet would be intermittent, so she didn’t give up when the losses stopped. She knew they would start again. Intermittent means a. irregular, b. too much. c. steady. rigor + New Marines must go through the rigors of boot camp, such as completing an {rigar)/ obstacle course and running several miles a day. snoun + The rigor of working at ovo part-time jobs while going to school proved too much for Joseph. Exhausted, he dropped both jobs. Rigor means a, a gamble. b. an expense. c. a hardship squander + It’s sad to see such a wonderful artist squander her talent designing labels for /'skwonda(e)/ baked-bean cans. verb + The company lunchroom now closes promptly at one o'clock so that workers can’t squander time on long lunch breaks. Squander means a, to share. b. to misuse. c. to upset. succumb + Leah succumbed to her daughter's begging and bought her a pet lizard for her jso'kam/ birthday. sverb + Once the suspect was arrested, he quickly succumbed and confessed to stealing the car stereo. Succumb means a. to yield. b. to delay. c. to anger, Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. L 2. era 10. To waste; spend or use foolishly To cut short or reduce Something that moves one to take action or work harder; a motivation . ‘To tum aside, or stray, especially from the main topic in speaking or writing Great hardship or difficulty; harshness; severity To upset deeply; overwhelm To give in; stop resisting . : Necessary To unite into a single whole; combine Starting and stopping from time to time; off-and-on CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to.check the definitions at al.82 Chapter 13. > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below word once. the correct word from the box. Use each “@. Incorporate | squander |. succumb | a. curtail b. devastate —_c. digress d. incentive | 4. Indispensable g. intermittent _h. rigor — 1, __rain kept interrupting the ballgame. 2. The sight of her bandaged husband in an oxygen teat ___(e)d Claire. a 3. Someone has managed to __ a tomato and a potato into one plant. 4, A home computer and a telephone are __ tools for many self-employed people. __ 5. Airlines offer “frequent flyer credits” toward free trips as an __ 10 get people to fly often, 2 _ 6. Many teenagers don’t foresee the __s of parenthood, such as staying up all night with a sick child. x . By examining her last two months of spending, Coretta discovered that she had __(e)d money on too many expensive meals. _ 8. The man on the corner offered to sell me a watch, but he quickly _(e)d is sales pitch when he saw a police officer approaching. 9. Because our history teacher loved to gab, we often could get him to __ from the lesson to talk about school athletics or school politics. 10. Carl tried hard to ignore the double-fudge caramel pecan pie on the menu, ‘but he finally __(e)d and ordered a slice. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. __ 1-2. Duane feels he __(e)d too many years in inactivity, so now he welcomes the __s of an exercise program. 3-4, The company decided to ___ the construction of its new plant until the architects could decide on how to __ an employee gym into the new building. My aunt has only __ success in quitting smoking. Every few months she___s to temptation, and then she has to quit all over again.Chapter 13 83 —_____ 18. As Leo explained a failed business deal that had once __(e)d him, he ___(@)d into the even more interesting tale of his romance with Molly, his business partner. 9-10. The vitamin saleswoman offered me free samples, ninety-day trials, and every other __ she could think of to get me to buy. However, I found her sales pitch highly implausible®. I simply could not believe that her products, and her products alone, were _ to my well-being. » Final Check: Learning to Study Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Linda never had to work very hard to make good grades in high school. But in college, where the (1) ____s of course work were greater, she soon leamed that her casual high-school study habits would no longer suffice®. Linda was also learning how easy it was to Q), time on dates and parties. She didn’t realize how badly she was doing until she saw her midterm grades, which (3). (e)d her. She knew she had to make some changes right away and began to ponder® what they should be. As a(n) 4), __ to work harder, she tried studying with her friend Denise. But that didn’t work; their conversation would (5) from European history to personal topics, such as dates or favorite singers. Linda decided she'd have to go it alone. She began to skip weekday parties and also to ©. the time she spent talking or exchanging e-mails with friends. She discovered that a good place to study was (7) to her new study habits. She found the library’s silent third floor a sanctuary®, a place with no temptations to which she could (8) . She also became more methodical? in her study habits, keeping an assignment book, writing due dates on a calendar, and setting up a study schedule. At first, Linda's performance fluctuated®, and so the improvement in her grades was @ A's and B's alternated with C’s and D's. But little by little, she leamed to (10) a social life with serious study and get grades she was proud of. Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 14 alleviate infamous benefactor Intrinsic t covert revulsion cynic speculate demise virile Ten Words in Context e4 In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 alleviate ja'lirviest/ -verb Alleviate means 2 benefactor /benifekta(r)/ -noun Benefactor means 3 covert I'kavot/ -adjective Covert means 4 cynic /sintky “noun Cynic means 5 demise /d'maiz/ -noun __ Demise means 6 infamous /mfomasy -adjective ___ Infamous means To alleviate his loneliness, the widower moved closer to his daughter and her family. After a long game in the August heat, the young baseball players alleviated their thirst with ice-cold lemonade. a. to consider. b. to hide. ©. to ease, ‘The Second Street Bank is a long-time benefactor of the arts. This year it will sponsor a series of free jazz concerts in the parks. The wealthy benefactor who paid for the child’s operation prefers to remain anonymous. a. afimancial supporter. __b. a social critic. c. a.cooperative person. Miriam and David's relationship is so covert that they never eat out. Even their best friends don’t know they are seeing each other. If you enjoy covert activities, become a secret agent. a. obvious. b. concealed. c. easy to bear. Her parents’ nasty divorce has made Libby a cynic about marriage. Mr. Bryant was a cynic about people until he fell down on a street corner and several strangers rushed to his aid. a. someone who b. someone who ¢. someone with a believes the worst. gives help. bad reputation. During my years in grade school and high school, the untimely demise of several of my classmates made me very aware of my mortality. An 1567, a beard caused a man’s demise. Hans Steininger’s beard was so long that he stepped on it while climbing a staircase, lost his balance, fell down the steps, and died. a, popularity. b. asecret. c. dying, King Henry VIII of England was infamous throughout Europe for executing two of his six wives Visitors to the dungeons of ancient castles always want to see the instruments of torture, including the infamous Iron Maiden — a body-shaped box with spikes inside. a. known unfavorably. b. thought to be annoying. _c. giving hope.7 10 intrinsic jin'teinsiky -adjective Intrinsic means revulsion : pn'valfon/ -noun Revulsion means speculate - /spekjulert/ -verb Speculate means virile . /viratly -adjective . Virile means Chapter 14 85 ust is intrinsic to any good friendship. Because Lian has an intrinsic desire to learn, she doesn’t need the reward of g00d grades to motivate her studies a. secret, b. fundamental. c. unnecessary. Whenever I read about child abuse in the newspaper, I am filled with such revulsion that I often cannot finish the article. When Sharon met the man who had cheated her father, she was overcome with revulsion. a. interest. b. hatred, . understanding. It’s interesting to speculate how history might have been different if Abraham Lincoln had lived a few years longer, ‘The therapist asked Cassy to speculate about what might happen if she told Ralph her true feelings. a, to remember. b, to announce, ©. 10 guess. Men who are unsure about their masculinity sometimes try to “prove” they are virile by being overly aggressive. When a male heron stamps his feet and sticks his neck out, and then drops his head and says “plop-buzz,” the female finds him very virile. In fact, that behavior is how the male attracts a mate. a, having attractive male qualities. b. lacking in confidence. _c. unselfish. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you d 1 2. Seen ay ide on the meaning of each word. Secret; hidden A person who believes the worst of people’s behavior and motives; someone wio believes people are motivated only by selfishness Belonging to a person or thing by its very nature (and thus not dependent on circumstances) Having a very bad reputation; widely known for being vicious, criminal, or deserving of contempt A person or organization that gives help, especially financial aid Manly; masculine Death To come up with ideas or theories about a subject; theorize To relieve; make easier to endure Great disgust or distaste CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need86 Chapter 14 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. [aalleviate —_b. benefactor ©. covert d.cynic _—_e. demise | | f. infamous g. intrinsic h. revulsion i. speculate j. virile | I. Problems are __ to fife; they’re unavoidable. 2. My hunger isn’t fully satisfied, but the apple __(e)d it somewhat. 3. Teenage guys usually welcome a deepening voice and a thickening beard as signs that they are becoming more 4. The selfless work of the nuns in the slums of India is enough to touch the hearts of most hardened ___s. 5. Though she was tried and found not guilty, Lizzie Borden is still __ for killing her parents with a hatchet. _ 6. The children loved the __ activities involved in preparing their mother’s surprise party. 7. The mass murderer's neighbors were overcome with ___ when they leamed what their “friend” had been doing in his basement, 8. “As no group has claimed responsibility, we can only __ on the motives for the bombing,” said the newscaster. 9. Roger Novak had been a well-known __ of AIDS research, so it was no surprise that he left a lot of money for the research in his will. 10. It’s a good idea for married couples to discuss their funeral plans in case of each other's _. For example, do they wish fo be buried or cremated? » Sentence Check 2 Using the answer fines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. ___ +2. Nursing is a good career for Dee because it’s a(n) __ part of her personality to try to ___ people's pain. In addition, since she is physically and mentally strong, she will be able to handle the rigors? of nutsing, such as intense stress and long hours. __________. 3-4. Although everything about the Nazis filled the Dutch spy with __, his __- assignment was to make friends with top Nazi scientists. He had few qualms® about faking such friendships — he would have felt more guilty if he hadn’t done everything in his power to fight the Nazis.Chapter 14 87 5-6. The s in town said that Joyce Lester’s sorrow over her husband's was much less than her joy in getting the money front his insurance policy. ——. 7-8. Young men who are bullies usually think of themselves as ___, but a of the weak is far more manly than someone who takes advantage of weakness. 9-10. With ali the stories told about Jesse James, the Dalton Gang, and other figures of the Wild West, we can only ___ as to how much is fact and how much is fiction, > Final Check: The Mad Monk Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Shortly before the Russian Revolution, an eccentric? man named Rasputin became a). heavily, and rarely bathed, the nobility often felt (2)_ during their as the “mad monk.” Because he dressed like a peasant, drank encounters? with him at the palace. Yet despite his outward appearance, Rasputin possessed a(n) (3) charm that drew many to him, including the Russian empress. She thought him a great man of God and a special (4). of her seriously ill son, whose condi Rasputin (5) Many (6). n she felt ¢. To them, Rasputin was no healer; instead, he was a man who exploited? his relationship with the empress for his own benefit. Rather than prai Rasputin, his enemies preferred to malign® him. In a pamphlet titled The Holy Devil, one of his critics described him as a sinister? man. This author even dared to that the monk and the empress were romantically involved. This theory was strengthened by the fact that the empress’s “holy man” pursued many women and boasted about how (8)___ he was. Finally, a group of Russian noblemen made (9)__ plans to kill Rasputin. Somehow, the secret must have gotten out, for a Russian official warned Rasputin of a plot against him. He nevertheless accepted the noblemen’s invitation to a dinner party, where they served him poisoned-wine and cake. When Rasputin did not appear to succumb® to the poison, his ‘enemies hastened his (10), by shooting and stabbing him and then dumping him into an icy river. An autopsy revealed that he had died by drowning. Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 15 abstain deficit | affitiate dissent | agnostic diversion | aspire lucrative | benevolent mandatory Ten Words in Context In the space provided, writ the letter of the meaning closest 10 that of cach boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning 1 abstain ab'stewy -verb Abstain from means 2 affiliate /o'filtext/ -verb Affiliate with means 3 agnostic jeeg' npstik/ “noun Agnostic means 4 aspire pe'spara()/ -verb Aspire means 5 benevolent /ot'nevalanty adjective Benevolent means 6 deticit /defisity -noun ___ Deficit means 88 Although Lou has given up cigarettes, he doesn’t abstain from tobacco. Now he chews it My sister called off her engagement to Clayton because he wouldn't abstain from dating other women. a, to desire. b. to believe in. c. to deny oneself, Diane is neither a Democrat nor a Republican. She isn't affiliated with any political party. ‘The young singer could have earned more if she had been affiliated with the musicians’ union, but she couldn’t afford the membership dues. a. to join, b. to study. ©. to hold back from. Iris believes there is a God, and Marcia feels sure there 1 agnostic, feels that we can’t be certain one way or the other. 1. Jean, an My uncle, who was an agnostic, used to say, “Humans cannot understand a flower, let alone whether or not there’s a God.” a. one who denies b. one who feels we can’t c. one who is sure God's existence. know if God exists. there is a God. ‘Twelve-year-old Derek, who loves drawing buildings, aspires to be a great architect. Millions of young people aspire to be professional athletes, but only a few will succeed, a. to fear. b. to wish. ¢, to volunteer, People are more benevolent when they get tax deductions for their donations. In 1878, William Booth founded a benevolent association to help the poor of London. He called it the Salvation Army. a. recreational. b. profitable. . charitable. Our club has spent so much more than it has taken in that it now has a huge budget deficit. Residents are asked not to water their lawns because a deficit of rain has dangerously lowered the water supply. a. alack. b. an overflow. ©. acollection.7 8 9 10 dissent idi'senty “noun E Dissent means diversion : jdau'vs:fon) -noun : Diversion means lucrative : /juckrotiy/ -adjective . Lucrative means mandatory . mandatary adjective : Mandatory means Chapter 15 89 ‘The committee was so torn by dissent that its members could not agree even ‘on whether or not to schedule another meeting. ‘The dictator permitted people to agree with his policies or keep silent about them, but not to express dissent. a. plans. b. opposition, c. relief, My history teacher says that one of her favorite diversions during summer vacation is reading mystery novels. Skip likes his job, but he also enjoys such diversions as playing video games, watching baseball, and reading humorous stories. a. recreation. b. something easy. c. an assignment. Investments in the stock market can be lucrative. However, they can also result in great financial Joss. “Teaching at a small college isn’t lucrative,” Professor Baum admitted, “but I’ve never fek the need to make lots of money. a. required. b. financially rewarding ©. risky, Members of the basketball team have to follow strict rules. For example, it’s mandatory that each player attend at least 80 percent of the practices. “A research paper isn’t mandatory,” the instructor said, “but if you write one, you'll get extra credit.” a. unimportant. b. helpful. ©. essential. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1. ae ~ 10. To strongly desire; to be ambitious (to do something or to get something) Profitable; well-paying A shortage; a lack (in amount) To hold oneself back from something; refrain Charitable A person who believes we cannot know whether or not there is aGod Required An amusement or pastime; anything that relaxes or amuses To associate; join Disagreement CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct, Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all> 4 Chapter 15 Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. [abstain —b. affillate. | c. agnostic. —d. aspire “e. benevolent [daft g. dissent h. diversion lucrative j. mandatory 10. Sentence Check 2 . My kid brother __s to become the video-game champion of the world. ‘The ___ fund at my church collects money to help poor families in our parish. My parents enjoy card games, but my sister and I like such __s as computer games and music videos. . An entrance fee wasn't __, but a sign at the museum entrance suggested that visitors make a donation. . Because Hank needs to lose weight, his doctor recommended that he from all sweets and fatty foods. . We could overcome a(n) __ of organs for transplants if more people would agree to have their organs donated after they die. . There was no ___ in the family on whether or not to start a vegetable garden this year. We all agreed it was a great idea. Yong could have joined the all-male club, but he prefers to ___ with organizations that welcome both men and women. . “When someone who believes in God marries someone who does not,” the comic asked, “do they give birth to a(n) __” |. Acting is __ for only a small percentage of performers. The rest need additional sources of income, such as waiting om tables or driving a cab. Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the bex, Use each word once, — 1 3 ~2. My uncle decided to splurge and __ with a country club because golf is, his favorite. }-4. Gail didn’t ___ from smoking cigarettes at the office until her employer made not smoking __. Keeping her job was a very good incentive? to get her to quit,Chapter 15 91 . Some people think that since Stan is a(n) __, he must be amoral®. It’s true he’s not sure if God exists, but that doesn’t mean he lacks a moral sense. In fact, he recently founded a __ society at work to raise money for disabled children in the area. — 7-8. The __ in the township treasury is causing a lot of ___ over whether or not taxes should be raised. 9-10. Because my father __s to make enough money to send his children to college, he’s working hard to make his auto repair business as __ as possible. » Final Check: Conflict Over Holidays Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words, First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. While Jeanne and Paul are generally a happily married couple, they do struggle over one point of «) . They disagree as to how their family should observe religious holidays. “The emphasis on presents,” says Jeanne, “has made the season (2) _ for all those mercenary® retailers who overcharge at holiday time. Also, people who should be watching their expenses a le unnecessary (3), in their budgets by squandering? money on unimportant gifts.” She complains that exchanging presents at Christma: practically ), ____, whether or not one believes in the holiday's religious significance. Jeanne (5). s to keep her home free of all such nonreligious customs and thus wants her children to (6), _____ from traditions such as gift-giving and dyeing Easter eggs. She feels the family’s money would be better spent if it were donated to a M____ that she is a(n) (8)___ __ because of her lack of holiday spirit. They are wrong, mn for helping the poor. Some of Jeanne’s neighbors assume however. Jeanne believes deeply in God and is (9), (e)d with a church. While Paul understands Jeanne’s concerns, he prefers the conventional? way of celebrating holidays. “Children enjoy the customary (10)__ ___s that are connected with the holidays,” he says. “What would Christmas be without a visit to Santa and gifts under the tree? What would Easter be without colorful eggs and an Easter egg hunt? These are pleasant practices that enhance® the joy of the season.” Scures Sentence Check 2 % Final Check » | — oo coed Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 16 charisma poignant contemporary prevalent contend proponent conversely quest extrovert _ traumatic Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 92 1 charisma cka'rizme/ -noun Charisma means 2 contemporary /kan'temparari/ adjective Contemporary means 3 contend skan'tend/ -verb Contend means 4 conversely fkan'vsisli/ -adverb Conversely means 5 extrovert /ekstrovsit/ -noun Extrovert means 6 poignant pomjant adjective Poignant means Kamal has such charisma that when he ran for class president, almost every person in the tenth grade voted for him. Such magnetism will benefit throughout his life. Great Britain’s Princess Diana obviously had great charisma. Despite her personal problems, she had numerous loyal fans — even after her death. a. feelings. . personal appeal. . luck. Beth likes contemporary furniture, but her husband prefers antiques. My grandfather says that compared to kids in his day, contemporary youngsters are soft and lazy. a. common. b. old-fashioned. c. current. The defense attorney contended that his client was insane and therefore could not be held responsible for the murder. Scientists contend that no two snowflakes are identical, but how could they possibly prove it? a. to wish. b. to deny. c. to declare. Ron, who is basically bored by food, eats in order to live. Conversely, Nate loves food so much that he seems to live in order to eat. Mary drives her children to school whenever it rains. Conversely, Fran makes her kids walk because she thinks a little rain never hurt anyone. a. in contrast. b. ina modern way. c. similarly. Surprisingly, not all performers are extroverts. Offstage, many are quiet and shy. Ms. Stein hired Robert to greet and chat with her clients because he’s such an extrovert. a. a supporter of causes. b. a timid person. €. a sociable person. ‘The service honoring American soldiers missing in action was touching. A speech by a friend of one of the soldiers was particularly poignant. I cried when I read a poignant story about a dying girl who gave away all of her dolls to “poor children.” a. affecting the emotions. b. correct. c. lively.7 8 9 10 Chapter 16 93 prevalent + Unemployment was prevalent during America’s Great Depression. By 1932, /prevolonty over twelve million people were out of work. adjective + Television sets are more prevalent in the United States than bathtubs. Over half of American homes have two or more TVs. Far fewer homes have more than one bathtub. Prevalent means a. favorable. b. found frequently. c. unlikely. proponent + I voted for Senator Williams, a proponent of improved services for the /prau'paunant/ elderly, because | feel that many older people need greater assistance. ~noun + Although Elaine quit work to take care of her children, she is a proponent of employer-supported day cat Proponent means a. arecipient. b, an opponent. c. a supporter. quest + During Carlo’s quest for the perfect pizza, he sampled the cheese pizza at /kwesty twenty-seven different restaurants. ~noun + Ponce de Leon's quest was for the Fountain of Youth; what he found instead was Florida. Quest means a. a hunt b. a question. c. design. traumatic + Divorce can be less traumatic for children if their fears and feelings are taken siro:'meetiky into account as the divorce takes place. -adjective + My cousin has had nightmares ever since his traumatic experience of being trapped in a coal mine, Traumatic means a. familiar. b. reasonable. c. upsetting, Matching Words with Definitions Fol Howing are defini ich word next to its definition. The jons of the ten words. Clearly write or print sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 2 10, eer awa In an opposite manner; in an altogether different way The quality of a leader which captures great popular devotion; personal magnetism; charm. : A search; pursuit Widespread; common fo state to be so; claim; affirm Modern; up-to-date Someone who supports a cause Emotionally moving; touching Causing painful emotions, with possible long-lasting psychological effects An outgoing, sociable person CAUTION: Do not go any Further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions {o help you in the following practices, Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at al94 Chapter 16 > Sentence Check I Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. | a.charisma b. contemporary _c. contend —d. conversely _e. extrovert _ | b if. poignant —_g. prevalent h. proponent i. quest j. traumatic Ce nnn a a _ 1, I study best in the morning. ___, my sister concentrates better at night. 2. Nancy is a(n) __ by nature, but since she’s become depressed, she has avoided other people. _ 3. At the airport, I was very moved by th who had been separated for years. reunion of family members 4. Underage drinking was so __ in the fraternity house that college officials ordered the house closed for a year. 5. “This woman ___s that she was here before you,” said the supermarket checkout clerk. “Is it her turn now?” 6. Felipe is a(n) __ of exercising for good health. He even encourages his young children to swim or cycle every day. 7. Certain movie stars may not be great actors, but they have a(n) __ that makes people want fo see their films. 8. Abby didn’t like the apartment with the old-fashioned tub and radiators, She preferred a more __ place. — 9. Repeating third grade was __ for my brother. It still pains him to think about it, even though he’s a successful businessman now. 10. Over the past three hundred years, several people have gone on a(n) __ for Noah’s ark. Some have looked for it in northeastern Turkey, on Mount Ararat, sixteen thousand feet above sea level. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. , Many people are surprised to learn how __ poverty is in _ America. Today, millions live below the poverty line, and the number seems to escalate? daily. ______ 3-4. Judy and Martin Reed exempiify® the old saying “Opposites attract.” A(n) __, Judy chooses work that brings her into constant contact others. __, Marty prefers jobs in which he mainly works alone.Chapter 16 95 ________ 5-6. Ever since the __ experience of finding her twelve-year-old son dead from a drug overdose, Sophie has been a strong __ of mandatory? drug education in the public schools. If drug education isa’t required, she says, schools may cut comers and omit it. 7-8. My mother __s that Romeo and Juliet is the most __ story ever written, but my sister claims Love Story is more moving. — 9-10. Mahatma Gandhi's and vision inspired millions of fellow Indians to join him enthusiastically in the __ for peaceful solutions to national problems. Gandhi incorporated? nonviolence and political activism into a highly effective method for social change: passive resistance. » Final Check: Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word on ay young people may be able to list the many accomplishments of the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jt. They may know that he was a civil rights leader who aspired? to achieve racial harmony and was a(n) (2), of peaceful but direct action. They may know that he fought the discrimination against blacks that was so @)____in our country in the 1950s and 1960s. They may also know that he received a great deal of acclaim? for his work. For example, in 1964 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. They may even (4) that he is the most important social reformer in the history of our nation. But can the young really know the (5)___ , the powerful personal magnetism of this man? He was a perfect blend of quiet, considerate thinker and bold, outspoken ©), ____. When Dr. King spoke, people listened. He had such a forceful yet (7). deep within. For most, this meant a stronger belief in and respect for the man and his ideals. (8) : , for bigots, it meant hatred and fear of what he stood for. Dr. King’s (9)__ have a dream that this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these way of speaking that those who heard him felt his message for equal rights for all was clear when he said, “ truths to be self-evident; that all men are created equal.’” He gave his time, his leadership, and, in the end, his life. His murder was a (10) ____ event in the lives of many Americans, who nevet fully recovered from that awful day. But because of Martin Luther King, Americans live with greater dignity. And many have taken up his fight against the inequities of racism. ores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 17 congenial prone flippant rapport impasse rationale | Perception relentless | prompt reprisal Ten Words in Context 96 In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning 1 congenial Jkan'dgiznjaly -adjective Congenial means 2 flippant /flipanty -adjective Flippant means 3 impasse sm'pa:s/ -noun Impasse means 4 perception Ipa'sepfan/ -noun Perception means 5 prompt sprompty -verb Prompt means 6 prone yproun/ -adjective Prone means + I was nervous being at a party where I didn’t know anyone, but the other guests were so congenial that I soon felt at ease. + Beware of friendships that begin in Internet chat rooms. People who seem congenial online may be anything but pleasant in reat life. a. persistent. b. intelligent. c. sociable. + “Don’t give me a flippant answer,” George’s father told him. “Your financial situation is a serious matter.” + When a teenage boy is asked to clean his room, he’s likely to give a flippant response such as “Why should I? I just cleaned it last month.” a, rude. b. serious. ©. incorrect, + The jurors had reached an impasse. They couldn't agree on a verdict — some thought the defendant was the murderer and others were sure he was innocent. + If you think you've reached an impasse when trying to solve a problem, take @ break. The solution may come to mind while you're doing something else. a. a deadlock. b. a relationship. ©. an opportunity. + Brenda’s perceptions of others are usually accurate. She is a good judge of character. + Our perceptions of our problem differ. Rob thinks money is the main issue, but I believe it’s a question of who controls the purse strings. a. amemory. b. a view. c. adesire. + To prompt her son Byron to get a job, Mrs. Davis pinned the want ads to his pillow. + Fast-food clerks prompt customers to buy more by asking such questions as “Would you like cookies or apple pie with that a, to allow. b. toagree with. ©. to motivate, + Mr, Walker is prone to sleep problems, so he limits his intake of caffeine. + Prone to fits of laughter during class, Chris sometimes controls the sound by ing his pen. a. tending. b, immune. c. attracted.Chapter 17 97 7 rapport + In high school, I had such good rapport with my gym teacher that our close sre'px0/ relationship continues to this day. -noun If no rapport develops between you and your therapist after a month or two, start looking for a counselor who makes you feel comfortable. __ Rapport means a. a report. b. a personal connection. c. a financial situation, 8 rationale + Danielle’s rationale for majoring in business was simple, She said, “I want to reefa'nal/ make a lot of money.” snoun + The rationale for not lowering the drinking age to 18 is that self-control and ‘good judgment are still being developed at that age. __ Rationale means a. a situation. b, an explanation. c. aquestion. 9 relentless + The dog’s relentless barking got on my nerves. He barked the entire two hours iei'lentlis/ his owners were out. -adjective + Ina large city, the noise of crowds and heavy traffic is so relentless that be difficult to find peace and quiet. Relentless means a. occasional. b. exciting c. nonstop. 10 reprisal + In reprisal for being fired, a troubled man shot several people at the factory m'praizaly where he used to work. -noun + Fear of reprisal may keep children from telling parents or teachers about a bully who has threatened them. __ Reprisal means a. disrespect. b. revenge. c. delay. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1. Insight or understanding gained through observation; impression Having a tendency; inclined Persistent; continuous ‘The underlying reasons for someth ; logical bas ye wR Disrespectful and not serious enough Agreeable or pleasant in character; friendly To urge into action ‘The paying back of one injury or bad deed with another ye ND A situation with no way out; dead end 10. Relationship, especially one that is close, trusting, or sympathetic CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. ‘Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all.98 Chapter 17 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word ance. | @ congenial b. flippant c. impasse d. perception —e. prompt, | f. prone g. rapport h. rationale i, relentless I __. 1. Raquel is___ to accidents, so her car insurance rates are quite high. _ 2. You will get along better in life if you are __ to other people, rather than unpleasant. . 3. My brother hides his lack of confidence by being __. He rarely treats ‘anything seriously. 4. It took his best friend’s heart attack to __ my dad to start exercising and cating right. 5. There was instant ___ between Duke and Otis. They talked as if they'd known each other for years. 6. At the movie's turning point, the bad guys reached a(n) __. On one side of them was the police; on the other was a steep cliff. 7. During April and May, the rain was so ___ that we thought we might have to start building an ark. 8, Floyd’s __ of human nature is strongly colored by some bad experiences. He thinks everyone is basically selfish. 9. When Lacey and John divorced, she tried to get over half his income. In __, he tried not to give her any of his income at all. 10. The __ behind encouraging pregnant women to gain about twenty-five pounds is that low weight gain can lead to dangerously low birth weights. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Because Wade is so __ and easy to talk to, we established a warm ___ the first day we met, 3-4. Although the company president explained the ___ behind the pay cuts, his announcement __(e)d an employee protest. However, once it was learned that the president was also taking a big pay cut, the employees’ dissent? died down.Chapter 17 99 : 5~6, The waitresses in our local diner are ___ to be funny and not always E polite, If a customer says, “I’m ready to order now,” he may get a__ response such as, “And I’m ready to retire, but you don’t hear me making a big deal about it.” ________ 78. My ___ of the situation is that talks between the factory management and union officials reached a(n) ___ because neither side would compromise on salaries. In such situations, flexibility is a prerequisite? to progress. 9-10. Abby could put up with occasional kidding, but her brother's teasing was often __, going on for weeks at a time. Sick of it all, she finally planned a(n) ___ that would embarrass him in front of his friends. »> Final Check: Relating to Parents Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. How do you respond when your parents deny you permission to do something? For example, if you want to travel and work around the country for the summer but your parents say you're too young, do you yell and demand that they stop curtailing? your rights? Do you plan a(n) «. . vowing to sabotage® their summer plans because they've ruined yours? Or do you explain the (2)___ behind your request, so that your parents will understand your reasoning? ‘The way you behave when you and your parents reach a(n) (3) onan issue can have a big effect on how they view you. Sure, you could reton®, “Fine. I'll go buy a leash so you can really run my life.” But if you are consistently (4), like that, you'll just strengthen their (5), of you as being too immature to be on your own, Also, if you are (6), in your begging, asking three hundred times a day, “But why won't you let me travel alone?" you might elicit? this response: “You may do some traveling alone right now—go directly to your room.” Instead, approach your parents in a (7) _____ way and try to develop a strong, friendly (8) with them. An amiable®, respectful relationship will make them more(9) to see things your way. Even if you can’t (10) _ them to change their minds about this summer's plans, your chances of getting their support will be better the next time you want to try something new. Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Ten Word Parts in Context 100 CHAPTER 18 cor, cour -Ish di-, du- magni-, magn- -dom phob oy pro- Figure out the meanings of the following ten word parts by looking closely and carefully at the context in which they appear. Then, in the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each word part. 1 cor, cour jks: The word part cor or cour means 2 di- day), due jdjuy ___ The word part di- or du- means 3 -dom /dom/ __ The word part -dom means 4 -fy fay __ The word part -fy means 5 ik jl), im- my __. The word part if- or im- means 6 -ish Ajy __ The word part -ish means I felt truly welcomed by my cordial hosts. Their kindness and generosity were heartfelt. Emmy was courageous enough to face the bully without backing down. I’m too chicken-hearted to do the same. a. resembling. b. double. c. heart, When Tyrone and Verna got divorced, they had to spend a difficult day dividing their household possessions into two groups. One of the three band members didn’t show up, so only a duo played at the dance. a. make. b. two. ©. great. A few actors achieve overnight success, but for most, the road to stardom is long and difficult. “One sure way to put my husband into a deep state of boredom, Jasmin said, “is to take him with me when I shop for shoes.” a. like. b. state of being. ©, fear, Would it simplify matters if I held your baby while you go into the dressing room to try on the slacks? First liquefy the ice cream over heat, Then mix in the strawberry jam. a. cause to become. ». again. c. dislike, Nita doesn’t seem to care that it’s egal to park in front of a fire hydrant. My brother-in-law is so immature that he often acts as if he is 16 instead of a married man of 26. a. not. b. double. ©. like. My devilish brother once videotaped me huffing and puffing my way through aerobics, and now he shows the tape to every new friend I bring home. Of all the girls at school, Jessy was the most stylish, wearing only the latest clothing featured in the fashion magazines. a. forth. b. characteristic of. c. mind,7 magni-, magn- /megny _ The word part magni- or magn- means 8 phob /fouby __ The word part phob means 9 pro: jprov/ ‘The word part pro- means 10 psych- jpsak/, psycho- /psaikou/ __. The word part psych- or psycho- means * The pronunciation of word parts is for reference only a Chapter 18 101 My grandmother uses a magnifying glass to make the small print in the newspaper appear larger. Eight years after starting Standard Oil in 1870, oil magnate John D. Rockefeller controlied about 85 percent of the country’s oil industry. a, forward. b. fear. c. large. One of the most unusual phobias is the fear of peanut butter sticking to the roof of one’s mouth. Marilyn's mother has developed agoraphobia to the point that she is afraid even of going to the mailbox at the end of the driveway. a. forth. b. quality. ©. fear. Proceed down to the end of this hallway, make a left, and you will see the x-ray department. One scientist propels his car with a fuel he gets by burning garbage a. forward. b. resembling. c. disiike. To treat her depression, Lee takes medication and also sees a psychiatrist once a week, A psychoactive drug is one that affects mental processes. a, mind, b. make. ©. again, they may change when it becomes part of a particular word, Matching Word Parts with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten word parts. Clearly write or print each word part next to its definition, ‘The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word part. 1 2, Great; large Cause to be or become; make Forward; forth Fear ‘Two; double Resembling; like; characteristic of Heart Mental processes; mind State of being: condition Not CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions 10 help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the word parts weil enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all102 Chapter 18 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. a. cour b. di, due ©. -dom d. ty, ©. Ik, Im f. 4h g. magni- h. phob i, pro- J. psycho- 1, Despite her (boy...) ___ hairdo, Paula looks very feminine. 2. (Wis ...)__ is what we gain when we learn from our mistakes. 3. The parents were greatly (dis... aged) _ when every attempt to find their son failed. 4, To keep the accident victim (. . . mobile) __, the paramedics tied her to a stretcher, 5. The reason these life-size dolls are so expensive is that only one hundred are (... duced) __ each year. 6. The funhouse mirror (. . . fied) __ my reflection so that I looked fifty pounds heavier. 7. Lalways (. . . plicate) _ important papers and letters so that if the original gets lost, I still have the copy. 8. Barb's (... analyst) __ asked her to write down her dreams, as they might be helpful in understanding her problems. 9. If you want to find a job before all the graduates start looking for employment next month, you'd better (intensi ...)__ your search. 10. It’s lucky Santa Claus doesn’t have (claustro . . . ia) __. Otherwise, he ‘would be too frightened of confined spaces to come down the chimney. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. 1-2. The apartment the realtor showed us was (. .. ficent) _, but it was (.... practical) __ for us. Not only was it too large, but it would also make an uncomfortable dent in our budget. 3-4. Everyone has fears, but (... ic)___ people need to gain (free ...)__ from the extreme fears that devastate? them and their familie: 5-6. The purpose of (... therapy) __ isto... mote) __ mental health.Chapter 18 103 . Florence and I felt (fool...) __ when we sang “The Star-Spangled Banner” as a(... ef) __ and forgot the words halfway through. 9-10. The mayor didn’t allow racial tensions to (dis... age) ___ him, He just. made more of an effort 10 (uni...) ___ the city. » Final Check: Held Back by Fears Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the cen word parts. First read the following selection carefully, Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once. At age 24, Gina is facing a major (. . . lemma) (1) . She desperately wants to live and work outside her hometown, but she is prevented from traveling by her (. . . ias) QQ) __. She suffers from (. . . logical) (3). but intense fears of bridges and airplanes that are so traumatic? that they cause nightmares and breathing problems. Gina is convinced that if she doesn’t fall off a bridge or crash in an airplane, the mere possibility of such a calamity® will so (terri... . ) (4). ____ her that she"! succumb® to a heart attack. For some time now, Gina’s friends have tried to persuade her to start seeing a ( . . . logist) 6) . They believe her problem will only increase in (.. . tude) ©), she doesn’t get help. But her relatives often make flippant? remarks about Gin: ‘ondition, saying that she is just too cheap to travel. Accusing her of being (child...) ()_____ _, her brothers call her “baby” and “chicken.” They say if she only had a little more (.. . age) (8). _. she would be able to go places. They don’t realize that if she could have controlled her fears by now, she would have. Gina is seriously considesing her friends’ advice because she feels she has squandered? too much of her time and energy on her fears. She hopes she will make rapid (. . . gress) (9)___ in gaining (free .. .) (10)_________ from her fears so that she can start (6 five a full life. Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT THREE: Review The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Three. Using the clu: in these words to complete the puzzle that follows, at the bottom of the page, fill abstain alleviate aspire charisma congenial contend curtail cynic deficit | demise digress dissent | extrovert impasse | incorporate intrinsic lucrative poignant prompt prone quest reprisal rigor | succumb virile ACROSS 15. Great hardship or difficulty 12. An outgoing, sociable person 2, Belonging to a person or 20. To unite inte a single whole; 13. To turn aside, or stray, thing by its very nature (and combine especially from the main thus not dependent on 23. Disagreement topic in speaking or writing circumstances) 24. Death 14, To cut short or reduce 4. The paying back of one injury 25: Emotionally movin, 16. To hold oneself pack from. or bad deed with another touching something; refrain 6. To strongly desire; to be , 17. Manly; masculine ambitious (10 do something or = DOWN 18, A shortage; a lack (in amount) to get something) 1. Agreeable or pleasant in 19. Having a tendency: inclined make easier to character; friendly 21, The quality of a leader which 3. To state to be so; claim captures great popular ; Stop resisting 5. A situation with no way out; devotion; personal magnetism 10. Profitable; well paying dead end 22. A person who believes the IL. A search; pursuit 7. To urge into action worst of people’s behavior 104UNIT THREE: Test 1 PART A Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided 1 10. In irregular bursts of energy, dying stars give off __ radio signals. a. virile b. intermittent c. congenial d. flippant . Scientists __ that the average life span of a dinosaur was probably 100 to 120 years. a. speculate ——_b. digress ©. detract d. squander . The ___ of a Connecticut man was strange indeed, He died when his five- hundred-pound wife sat on him. a. diversion b. charisma c. perce| d. demise . A power failure __ our viewing of the TV mystery, so we never found out who had committed the murder. a, prompted —_b. curtailed c. contended —_d. dissented . The CIA's _ activities often include “bugging” people’s telephone lines with tiny hidden microphones, a. covert b, traumatic. virile 4. congenial of gun control point out that gun accidents in American homes result in over a thousand deaths each year. a. Quests b. Incentives. Proponents. Rigors . The talks between the two countries reached a(n) ___ when each side claimed the oil-rich border area as its own. a, benefactor —_b. rapport c. diversion impasse ___ to oversleeping, Sherman keeps his alarm clock across the room so he has to get out of bed to tum it off. a. Intrinsic b. Lucrative . Prone d. Covert . Alcohol is involved in nearly half of all traffic deaths in the United States, so people should __ from drinking when they need to drive. a. affiliate b. abstain ©. contend 4. aspire When I realized that I didn’t have enough money for holiday gifts, 1 decided to overcome the __ by taking an extra part-time job in December. a. charisma b. perception _c. dissent 4. deficit (Continues on next page) 105106 Unit Three: Test 1 PART B. On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item. 11. If you aspire to be an Olympic swimmer, a. then find a sport you prefer. b. you must be ready to practice continually. c. become a coach instead. d. you may have a fear of water. 12. A child with relentless questions is probably a. ill, b. angry. c. curious. . too shy to ask. 13. The enormously successful movie Titanic incorporated a, many millions of dollars. , an ocean liner which struck an iceberg c. elements of romance, adventure, and tragedy. d. Leonardo DiCaprio.» 14, Many men try to make themselves look more virile by a. eating more fruits and vegetables, b. learning to play a musical instrument. c. making quilts. d. lifting weights. 15, The boss's perception of Cory was a, the comment “Good morning.” b. that Cory was a hard worker, cc. the afternoon shift. d. eight dollars an hour. 16. Joel seems to believe that his friends exist in order to serve him. Conversely, Julie a, believes she exists to serve her friends. b. agrees with Joe!’s point of view. cc. has far fewer friends than Joel. d, is nota friend of Joel's. 17. In his lecture about television, the speaker digressed by a, mentioning a game-show series. b. saying, “Good moming. My topic today is television.” ¢. discussing a soccer game he had seen the night before. d. examining television ads aimed at children. 18. Cheryl's face showed revulsion as she listened to the speaker talk about a, exactly what happens to a person's body as he is electrocuted, , the gourmet appetizers, meals, and desserts served on the cruise ship. c. advanees in spinal-cord research that hold great promise for accident victims. d. financial-aid packages available to incoming college freshmen. 19. Elaine works hard at her job as a lawyer. For diversion, she a, reads all the latest law journals to keep up with recent developments. b, gardens and plays field hockey. c. writes briefs, attends hearings, and meets with clients. d. attended college and law school. 20. Knowing that her auto accident had been a traumatic experience, Beverly’s friends a. expected her to heal soon. b. were hesitant to make her talk about the horrible event. c. wondered why she was making such a big deal of it. d. knew she would be joking about it soon. [Score (umber somes) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,UNIT THREE: Test 2 PART A Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. | a. benefactor |. lucrative k, reprisal ©. devastated. extrovert. flippant | h. quest i. rapport j. rationale | m, succumb 1. Jill was __(e)d when she lost her job and, with it, her hopes of affording a house. 2. I have excellent ___ with my brother, but I haven't spoken to my older sister for years, 3. Rudy is such a(n) __ that he makes friends with most of the customers at his beauty salon. 4, Before the turn of the century, the __s of prizefighting included boxing without gloves. 5. The owner of the restaurant __(e)d to public pressure and established a nonsmoking section, 6. My __ for using cloth napkins is that they result in fewer trees being cut down to make paper napkins, 7. It was ___to see the bear immediately adopt the orphaned cub. 8. Halloween is __ for abillion dollars a year. indy manufacturers. The holiday earns them about 9. In some fairy tales, the hero searches far and wide, on a(n) __ for some precious object or missing person. 10. The high school’s chief __ has offered to pay all college costs for any low-income student who graduates from the school. 11, When her brother kept taking her bike without asking, Meg’s ___ was simply not to warn him that one of the tires was going flat. 12. The street’s residents __ that they complained for months about the huge pothole before the city government did anything about it. 13, When the principal asked Randy why he had spilled milk on some girls in the lunchroom, his __ response was “Because they were thirsty.” (Continues on next page) 107108 Unit Three: Test 2 PART B Write C if the it icized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorreetly. 14, For two weeks, the newspapers reported on the crimes of the infamous serial killer. 15. Fran often squanders her money by walking through rain or snow instead of paying for a cab. 16. Priests, rabbis, and other agnostics signed the petition asking for aid to the homeless. 17. Groucho Marx once joked that he wouldn't want to affiliate himself with any club that would accept him as a member, 18. The desire to aid others seems intrinsic to many animals. Baboons, for example, will try to free other baboons that are caged. 19. Halloween has contemporary roots. Each year, the ancient Irish would dress as demons and witches to frighten away ghosts who might otherwise claim their bodies. PART C On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word. Example: «traumatic a. upsetting b. surprising ©. comforting 20. benevolent a. cruel b. gifted c. kind 21. alleviate a, relieve b. worsen c. raise __ 22. indispensable a. essential b. expensive ©. unnecessary YARLD On the answer line, write the lener of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced word. Example: _<_ traumatic a, upsetting b. surprising c. comforting —— 23. prevalent a, heavy b. rare c. common ___ 24. congenial a. disagreeable. clever c. pleasant mandatory a. required b. optional ©. noisy Score (Number correct) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the bookINIT THREE: Test 3 Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. For each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (a, b, c, or d) expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. —— 1}. CURTAIL : SHORTEN :: ind conversation a. seek . DEVASTATE : DISASTER :: a, harm : nurse b. c. bore : surprise 4. 3, INCENTIVE : MONEY : a. youth : adulthood b. c. vehicle : motorcycle a. 4. FACTOR : SUPPORT: a, surgeon : operates b c. soldier : helmet d. 5. CYNIC : OPTIMISTIC :: a. cucumber : vegetable b. c. outcast : excluded 4. 6. VIRILE : FEMININE :: a, manly : macho ©. popular : celebrity 7. AGNOSTIC : RELIGIOUS :: a, salesperson : persuasive b ¢. hermit : sociable d 8, DISSENT : DISAGREEMENT a. remedy : solution b, ¢. discord : harmony DEFICIT : SURPLUS :: a, debt : poverty c. clouds : rain 10. CONTEMPORARY : OLD-FASHIONED =: a. outdated : old c. thoughtful : gift b. d. race car : speedy depart : arrive ask : inquire amaze : miracle cold : snow cash : poverty sanitation worker : garbage . leader : follows criminal : law-abiding ballerina : graceful apartment : dwelling fashionable : outmoded secretary : telephone |. com : crop chemist : scientist . rival : helpful border : interior b. copy : original 4. handlebar : bicycle (Continues on next page) 109110 Unit Three: Test 3 U. EXTROVERT : FRIENDLINESS :: a, performer : shyness . artist: creativity ___ 12. POIGNANT : TRAGEDY :: a. mobile : motionless ©. giggle : baby 13, PROMPT ; DISCOURAGE :: a. careful : careless . fragrant : flower 14, FLIPPANT ; REMARK :: a. runner : sprint ¢. Modest : humble _ 15. REPRISAL : ENEMY :: a. tears : joke c. revenge lly __16. INTERMITTENT : STEADY =: a. fortunate : unlucky c. wise : advice 17. SPECULATE : THEORY « 18. DIVERSION : FISHING :: a. work : play __19. CHARISMA : BLAND =: a. honest : trustworthy . premature : early 20, IMPASSE : PROBLEMATIC :: a. round : comers ¢. alien : native Score (Number correct) victor : defeated clown : cireus as depressing : comedy . noisy : riot . es book : library d. late : tardy b. insulting : gesture 4. singer : chorus cooperation : teammate d. terror: fear treacherous : dishonest . instrument : violin as primary : secondary manual : electronic es modesty : boastful emergency : rush b, 4. success : satisfying . traitor : betrayal b. 4 Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart orrthe inside back cover of the book.UNIT THREE: Test 4 (Word Parts) PART A Listed in the left-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words in which the parts are used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition on the right. Word Pa 10. PART R arts, . cor, cour di-, du- . dom fy . «ish - magni-, magn- - phob pro- psych-, psycho- Examples Definitinas cordial, courageous a. Two; double divorced, duo b. Mental processes; mind stardom, boredom c. Not simplify, liquefy 4. Fear illegal, immature e. Heart devilish, stylish f. magnifying, magnate g. Great; large phobia, agoraphobia h. State of being; condition proceed, propel i. Cause to be or become; make psychiatrist, psychologist j. Resembling; like; characteristic of Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Not every word part will be used. g. magni- 11, Considering all the books, movies, and TV programs in everyday life, there’s no reason for (bore...) __. 12. The car that is used for driving instruction has (. . . al) ___ controls, one set for the student and one for the teacher. +13. Bacteria (puri...) __ soil in which bodies are buried by destroying germs. 14, The (nightmar .. .)__ experience of constantly hiccuping can be stopped with drugs. 15. A victim of (acro . . . ia) __, a fear of heights, Diane refused any job that required working higher than the second floor. (Continues on next page) 14112 Unit Three: Test 4 PART C Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer fine write the letter of each meaning. —— 16. . Our parents received a magnum of champagne a “Go through the red double doors,” said the secretary, “and then proceed down the hallway.” a. go quickly b. go fearfully . © go forward . A blue moon is improbable, a. shocking b. unlikely c. beautiful an anniversary gift. a. a large bottle b. amedium-sized bottle c. alittle bottle . Ken's report emphasized the core of the plan. a. the details b. the background c, the central part |. Belle suffered from a psychosis. a, a physical disease b, amental disorder c. a heart problem Score (Number correct) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary pesformance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Unit Four credible | cursory | designate deviate improvise Chapter | bizarre | conducive falter flaunt | frenzy glib haughty libel pseudonym redundant Interim latent secular shun simulate gist hamper paradox repertoire viable averse detract disdain divulge elation commemorate complacent consensus deplete diligent aster-, astro- contra- “er, -oF endow ‘expulsion mortity nullity ominous ‘empathy menial niche transcend waive mis- omni- pop rect the, theo-UNIT FOUR: Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. __- I. facade a) false name —b) building front —¢) scorn." d) good intention 2. redundant a) wordy b) gentle ¢) plenty —d) not enough __ 3. blase a)excited —b) kind e) curious) bored 4. haughty a) arrogant b) alarmed ¢) contented d) thoughtful ___ 5. pseudonym a) false appearance) imaginary creature _¢) false name d) dishonest person _ 6. comprise a)reward —b) consist of) award d) repeat ____ 7. condescend a) avoid b) become messy _¢) do something beneath oneself d) get bored _— 8. libel a) document — b) publishing false information _¢) newspaper d) rumor a)crunchy b) smooth-talking _¢) threatening) present but inactive a}rude —) crazy) cruel_—_d) kindly ____ I. divulge a)reveal b) embarrass chided) remove __ 12. endow a)name b) tease €) give aquality 10d) cancel ___ 13. expulsion a) promotion —_b) dismissal ¢) award) attack ____ 14, detract a) provide b) compete ¢) lessen.) compliment 15. nullify a)harm —byallow —)turnaside d) cancel __ 16, elation a) trade —b) comparison) joy d) majority opinion ___ 17. ominous a) happy b) threatening —_¢) depressed _—_) friendly __ 18. mortify a) humiliate b) praise ©) entertain d) remember ____ 19. disdain a) discouragement b) pain ¢)scom —_d) approval —— 20. averse a) attracted b) fearful) warm —_d) opposed ___ 21. cursory a) believable bh) capable of error ¢) done hastily) inactive ___ 22. shun a)take care of by avoid) approve of —_d) hesitate ___. 23. designate a) appoint b) discover ¢) avoid d+) report _ 24. interim a)time )noontime _¢) mealtime —_d) meantime ____ 25. latent a) plain b) inactive) onthe surface) confusing (Continues on next page) 11426. 27. 28, 29, 30, 3h. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 31. 38. 39, 40. 41 42. 43. 44, 46, 47, 48. 49. 50. improvise secular deviate simulate credil le menial transcend deplete complacent niche diligent empathy consensus commemorate waive gist bizarre paradox viable . flaunt conducive hamper frenzy repertoire falter Unit Four: Pretest 115 a)prove b) do without preparation ¢) reject) reveal a) not related to religion _b) troublesome) inacity _d) religious a)hide —b) develop ¢) follow) tum aside a)enjoy —b) take apart ¢) imitated) build a) believable) fair) affordable) careful a) important b) unkind ¢) lowly) odd a) send b) travel c) show off d) rise above a)encourage b)yuseup ¢) delay —d) add to a) workable b) easy —_¢) self-satisfied d) healthy a) memory b) wild outburst ¢) main idea ) one’s place a) careful in work by odd) obvious _—_d) gentle a) fear b)encouragement _¢) ability to share someone’s feelings d) avoidance a} majority opinion —_b) counting) study) approval a) forget b) imitate ¢) add new members _—_d) honor the memory of a)sleep b)showoff e)giveup —d) fly a) details b) central idea ¢) leftovers d) respect, a)odd —b) complex ¢) simple_~—d) common. a) delicate situation _b) problem _¢) seemingly contradictory idea 4d) play a}in view b) manly —¢) lively d) workable a) scare b)show off ¢) tempt) intrude a)revealing b) announcing ¢) promoting _d) defeating a)restrict b) celebrate) betray d) debate a)high regard —b) main idea ¢) party) wild outburst a) sample —_b) collection of skills ©) demonstration _) concert a) frighten b) approve) hesitate) jump SCORE: (Number correct) x2= %CHAPTER 19 Ten Words in Context 116 In the space provided, write the letter of the me: ing closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 benign or'nany adjective __ Benign means 2 blasé /blazey adjective Blasé means 3 comprise /kam'praiz/ -verb Comprise means 4 condescend kondi'send/ verb Condescend means 5 facade {fa'sa:d/ -noun Facade means 6 glib igliby -adjective Glib means Finding a stranger on our doorstep startled me, but the benign expression on his face told me not to worry. Gorilla mothers, usually loving and benign, become abusive toward their ‘babies when caged with them. a realist b. kindhearted. ¢. bored. ‘The new staff members were enthusiastic at the weekly meetings, but the old- timers were pretty blasé. No matter how many games I sce, I will never become blasé about baseball. Each game is new and exciting to me. a. unexcited. b. obvious. ©. repetitive, The United Kingdom comprises England, Scotland, Wales, and Northem Ireland. Saliva comprises about sixty ingredients, including minerals that help repair tooth enamel. a. to cause, b. to reveal. c. to be made up of. The snobby millionaire wouldn't condescend to associate with anyone who wasn't also rich. Although everyone else in the office took turns making coffee, Bill would not condescend to perform “such a lowly task.” a, to lower oneself. _b. to dare something frightening. _c. to remember. The facade of the old department store was cleaned this summer. Now the store’s brick front is an inviting bright orange-red. ‘The facade of the hotel — facing Main Street — was marble, but the sides and back were made of plain brick. a. aninside, b. atop. c. a front. Always ready with a slick promise, the glib politician smoothly talked his way into being re-elected. ‘The man thought his conversation would impress Sandra, but she found it glib and insincere. a. bored. b. strict. c. smooth,7 8 9 10 haughty fh adjective Haughty means libel /aibaly -noun Libel means pseudonym /'psju:danim/ -noun Pseudonym means redundant yn'dandanty -adjective Redundant means Chapter 19 117 The Smiths acted as though they were better than anybody else. Not surprisingly, their haughty manner made them unpopular with their neighbors. After being promoted to manager, Gil was haughty with his old office buddies, saying he now had more important things to do than gab with them. a, snobbish. b. angry. c. wordy. When furious. k saw his name listed in the article as a gang member, he was ‘That's libel,” he yelled. “How dare they print such a lie about me?” Many magazine editors double-check the facts they publish about a person. Then, if they are accused of libel, they can prove that they stated the truth. a. a false name. b. a printed falsehood. c. a repeated expression. When writing a personal story for a family magazine, Bev used a pseudonym. She didn’t want everyone in town to know about her problems. ‘The author Stephen King uses a pseudonym on some of his books so readers won't be aware that so many of the horror novels on the market are his. a. a weak vocabulary. _b. a personal experience. _¢. a false name. ‘The TV ad for a headache medicine was so redundant that it gave me a headache! The name of the product was repeated at least a dozen times. ‘The teacher wrote “redundant” in several spots in the essay where Eric had repeated a point or used extra, unneeded words. a. grammatical. b. proud. c. repetitious. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. pre awe 10. A false name used by an author; a pen name ‘To do something one feels is beneath oneself Unexcited or bored about something already experienced repeatedly ‘The front of a building Wordy or needlessly repetitive Kindly; gentle The publishing of false information that harms a person’s reputation Proud of one’s appearance or accomplishments to the point of looking down on others; arrogant To consist of Characterized by a smooth, easy manner of speaking that often suggests insincerity or thoughtlessness CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all118 Chapter 19 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer Tine provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. { a. benign b.blasé —c. comprise. ~—d. condescend _e. facade | ft glib libel i. pseudohym j. redundant — g. haughty h. 1. A receptionist’s job __s answering the phone, greeting customers, opening the mail, dealing with messengers, and smiling, 2. My aunt’s letters are annoyingly ___, repeating “news” she has already given us by telephone. . ___ 3. Since becoming a fashion model, Nora has been very ___, even snubbing some of her old, unglamorous friends. 4. One actress sued a magazine for __ because it printed a false and damaging story about her being drunk in public. __ 5. Harry, always ready with some made-up excuse, is __ enough to talk himself out of any difficulty at the snap of a finger. 6. In his usual _ manner, my neighbor carefully picked up the ant in hi Kitchen, brought it outside, and gently put it down on the sidewalk. _____ 7. When my sister first got her job at the recording studio, she was thrilled to go to work each day, Now, after ten years, she’s ___ about her work and wants to change jobs. 8. Lidia’s grandfather made her a dollhouse with a__ just like the front of her family’s house: black shutters, a red front door, and even the same address. 9. The conceited young baseball player wouldn’t __to talk to his fans until an old-timer reminded him that the fans were the ones who had made him a star. 10. Samuel Langhome Clemens wasn’t the first author to use the _ Mark ‘Twain. A newspaper writer of the time used the same pen name. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Believing he was better than everyone else at the supermarket, Dan was s0__ that he would rarely ___ to speak to the other cashiers. 3-4. One author was accused of ___ when he wrote a damaging article about the governor's wife. After that, he used a __. so people wouldn’t know he was the author whose facts were in doubt.Chapter 19 119 _ 5—6. At first Joanne thought Barry was too ___, that his smooth talk was all show. As she got to know him better, however, her perception® of him changed. She found that his easy manner reflected a friendly and __ nature, 7-8. The scenery crew for the summer theatre __(e)d three artists and a set designer. They created an intricate® of a medieval castle, complete with a carved door, a drawbridge, and a moat. 9-10, The writing teacher had become ___ from repeatedly seeing the same problems: careless organization, lack of focus, and writing so that paragraphs held only a sentence of meaning, In addition, students often turned to plagiarism? rather than use their own words. > Final Check: Interview with a Rude Star Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. When a famous actress arrived in town to work on a movie, an editor asked me to interview her, Because this was my first interview assignment, | felt far from (1), about it. Instead, I was both excited and scared. Would a star (2). to see me, an unknown, inexperienced reporter? When I arrived at the movie set, I saw the actress standing in front of the painted @) of a mansion. During a break in the filming, I approached her and introduced myself. ‘Trying to be as congenial? as possible, I smiled and told her I was pleased to meet her. “Well, let’s get this over with,” she said, clearly annoyed. The interview went terribly. My dream of establishing a comfortable rapport? with the star soon vanished as the interview degenerated? into an awkward, demoralizing? situation that I just wanted to end. Although it (4) (e)d carefully thought-out questions, she sighed or rolled her eyes at every one of them. And no matter how (5) - my manner, she seemed to view me as some sort of threat. At ite® and yelled, “That's (6), time to answer the same question twice.” When I asked her about serious issues, her answers were one point, she becam: I don’t have totally (7), — insincere and shallow. Now that the interview is over, I have to write about her. Should I say that she’s a @) , rude woman who thinks only of herself and expects others to do the same? If I do, she might accuse me of maligning® her and sue me for (9) L wonder if the editor would let me use a (10) . so my real name won't appear on an article about this miserable woman. Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 20 | averse endow detract expulsion disdain mortity | divulge nullify | elation ominous Ten Words in Context 120 In the space provided, write the letter of the meani closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 1 averse : pvas/ -adjective . __ Averse means 2 detract . sdv'treekty verb . __ Detract means 3 disdain . jAMis'deuy -noun __ Disdain means 4 divulge . jdat'valdsy -verb __ Divulge means 5 elation : nitesfany -noun __ Elation means 6 endow : jn'dav/ over __ Endow means ‘That little boy was once so averse to tomatoes that the very sight of them made him gag. Being averse to screaming crowds, I’d rather stay home and listen to my CDs than go to a rock concert. a, opposed. b, accustomed. c. open. Julius thinks the scar on his cheek detracts from his good looks, but it’s barely noticeable, All of the litter in the park certainly detracts from the beauty of the trees and flowers, a, to result, b. to benefit. ¢. to take away. The snobby waiter in the French restaurant viewed Tanya with disdain because she couldn’t pronounce anything on the menu. I was afraid my request to see the state senator would be treated with disdain. Instead, the senator’s secretary politely made an appointment for me. a. pride, b. disrespect. ©. sorrow. My father wouldn’t divulge the type of car he had bought, saying only, “It’s a surprise.” It’s against the law to ask people to divulge their age at a job interview. a. to hide. b. to recall, c. to tell. The principal shouted with elation when the school team scored the winning touchdown. Roy had expected to feel elation at his graduation. Instead, he felt sadness at the thought of parting with some of his high-school friends. a. anger, b. confusion. c. happiness. Nature has endowed hummingbirds with the ability to fly backward. Oscar Wilde was endowed with the ability to find humor in any situation. While dying, he said of the ugly wallpaper in his hotel room, “One of us had to go." a. to equip. b. to curse. ¢. to threaten,7 10 expulsion nk'spalfan/ -noun Expulsion means mortity /moxtifay/ verb Mortify means nullify /nalifaiy verb Nultify means ominous /ominas/ -adjective Ominous means Chapter 20 121 ‘The manager told us we risked expulsion from the theater if we continued to talk during the movie. Expulsion from school is intended as a punishment, but some students may consider not being allowed to attend classes a reward. a. being canceled. b. being forced out. c. being embarrassed. It would mortify me if my voice were to crack during my choir solo. I doubt anything will ever mortify me more than the streamer of toilet paper that clung to my shoe as I returned from the ladies’ room to rejoin my date in a fancy restaurant. a. to shame. b. to insult. ©, to delay. The college will nullify my student ID at the end of the term unless I update it with a new sticker. A soft drink company decided to nullify it contract with a well-known athlete because he was convicted of drunken driving. a, to renew. b. to reveal. c, to cancel. To many, cemeteries have an ominous quality, particularly at night or on Halloween, when the threat of ghosts can seem very real. ‘The sore’s failure to heal was ominous, a possible sign of cancer. a, embarrassing. b. threatening. c. unworthy, Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. aes pwn oe 10. To provide with a talent or quality An attitude or feeling of contempt; scom The act or condition of being forced to leave Threatening harm or evil; menacing To reveal; make known Having a feeling of dislike or distaste for something To humiliate or embarrass To lessen what is admirable or worthwhile about something A feeling of great joy or pride To make legally ineffective; cancel CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the defiitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all122 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each Chapter 20 word once. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word ‘b. detract . disdain d. divulge e. elation g. expulsion h. mortified i. nullified j. ominous | 1, People talking in a movie theater greatly from the enjoyment of watching a film. 2. Because of the dark, ___ storm clouds, we canceled the softball game. 3. I’m ___to speaking in public because I don’t enjoy making a foo! of myself. 4, When he received the college scholarship, my brother felt such __ that he wept with joy. 5. The results of the mayoral election were ___ after the townspeople found evidence of voting fraud. 6. The American water shrew is __(e)d with feet that have air pockets, enabling the small animal to walk on water. 7. Some want a law calling for the ___of illegal immigrants. Others want all immigrants to be allowed to stay in the United States. 8. Vinnie’s repeated boasts about his muscle-building backfired. They caused his date to look at him with __, not admiration. 9. Never trust Esta with a secret. She’ll__ it the minute you turn your back. 10. The reporter was __ when he learned that he had delivered much of his news story facing away from the operating TV camera, 1-2. Some people are so___ to living near a nuclear plant that they want the the plant’s license to be __. They say the plant infringes? on every homeowner's right to safety. 3-4, Shannon is __(e)d with beautiful curly red hair, but her self-image is so low that she feels her hair __s from her looks. However, others find her hair to be one of her many attractive physical attributes®. 5~6. When someone __(e)d to a counselor that a certain student was selling drugs, an investigation began that led to that student's __ from school.Chapter 20 123 7-8. Amy was ___ by the low grade she received for her class speech, a grade she considered a sign of the teacher's ___ for her. However, the teacher's rationale? for the grade was that the speech was incoherent®. In addition to the lack of logic, it contained little solid information. 9-10, Marty had believed his headaches and blurred vision were __ signs of some terrible syndrome®, so he felt __ when he learned that he simply needed glasses. » Final Check: The Nightmare of Gym Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. 1 was not (1), (e)d with athletic ability. In a frequent nightmare, I'm still trying to pass my mandatory® gym class so that I can graduate from high school. The situation always looks grim. For one thing, the teacher has threatened me with (a ig to take a group shower. Also appearing in my dream is the terrifying vault horse, the very sight of which (3)__ _s - from school for refu from my mental health. I run toward the horse, leap, and nose-dive into the mat. Ignoring my despair, the rest of the gym class laughs. Once again, I am (4), by my athletic performance. Next, a single (5) rope threatens overhead, where it hangs from the ing. I try to contrive? some excuse to get out of climbing it. However, my excuses are so incoherent® that my teacher says, “I don’t understand anything you're saying. Get started.” Wondering if anyone has ever died from rope burn, I struggle to climb it. Almost to the top, I sweat so much that I slide back to the floor, landing at the gym teacher's feet. “What a loser,” the teacher mutters with an expression of total (6), - Because I've always been (7) to square-dancing, that too appears in the nightmare. Having forgotten my sneakers, I’m forced to dance in my socks. I slip, rather than dance, around the polished floor, During one high-speed turn, I go sliding—right into the men’s locker room, where the smell causes me to pass out. The only pleasant part of the dream comes near the end. With amazement and ()__, I learn that I will graduate after all. I smile, thinking I'll never have to face the rigors® of gym class again. But then, the pristcipal (9) s the terrible truth. I haven't managed to pass gym. My graduation depends on my agreeing to take four more years of gym when I get to college. If I don’t, my high schoo! diploma will be (10). Scores Sentence Check 2__% Final Check % | Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 21 credible interim | cursory latent | designate secular deviate shun improvise simulate Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 124 1 credible /'kredabl adjective _ Credible means 2 cursory Iks:sori/ -adjective ___ Cursory means 3 designate /dezigneit/ -verb __ Designate means 4 deviate /dirviat/ -verb _ Deviate means 5 improvise /impravaiz/ -verb __ Improvise means 6 interim /mtarimy -noun Interim means Some jurors doubted the witness’s testimony, but most of them found it credible. As credible as Mr. Bower's resumé may seem, I don’t think you should hire him without checking that it really is truthful. a. long, b. boring. ¢. believable. Most people do only a cursory job of brushing their teeth, To avoid cavities, however, you must take the time to brush carefully. Because James had to work late, he had only enough time to give his apartment a cursory cleaning before his parents arrived. a. careful. b. consistent. ©. quick. At the party, Betty drank soda rather than beer, so her friends designated her as the driver for the trip home. A coworker was designated to present Vonnie with the “Employee of the Year” award at the company banquet. a. to forbid. b. toassign. ©. to hire. Having taken the wrong exit off the highway, we had to deviate somewhat from the route marked on the map. If you deviate even a little fram the test's directions, you might hurt your grade. a. to follow. b. to depan. c. to gain. Nadia can improvise accompaniments on the piano to songs that she’s never heard before. I don’t know how she plays so well without any preparation or sheet music. When T rang the doorbell, I wasn’t expecting Ellen's father to come to the door, so I had to quickly improvise an explanation for my visit. a. to remember. b. to keep away from, c. to invent, Cassie hadn’t seen her nephews for years. In the interim, they had grown from troubled boys into serious young men. After the secretary left, it took two weeks for her replacement to arrive at the real-estate office. In the interim, the agents had to do theis own typing. a. the time between. b. the future. c. the place.Chapter 21 125 7 tatent + Certain viruses, such as the one for AIDS, can be latent in the body for years /leitanty before symptoms appear. -adjective + After he retired, my father discovered his latent artistic talent. He took up oil painting and now sells much of his work. __ Latent means a. partial b. inactive. c. absent. 8 secular + While our government is secular, some governments are directly tied to a f'sekjula(r)y religion, adjective + Devoting himself to a deeply religious life, the Hindu holy man denied himself, most secular pleasures. __ Secular means a. spiritual b. reliable. ©. nonreligious. 9 shun + Lused to see a lot of Tracy, but since our argument, she shuns me whenever isany possible. verb + The Amish live without many modem conveniences. For example, they shun automobiles and electric lights __ Shun means . to keep away from. _b. to recognize. c. to observe. 10 simulate + The tan plastic of our kitchen table, with its wood-grain design, simulates oak. Fsimjulery + Equipment that simulates a human heart can keep someone alive only “verb temporarily, until an actual heart can be substituted. __ Simulate means a. to contrast with. b. to imitate . to be made of. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. ‘The 1 ‘To compose, perform, or provide without preparation 2. Believable 3. _ ‘The period of time in between; meantime 4 ‘To name to an office or duty; appoint 5. To act or look like; imitate 6. Not directly related to religion; not spiritual; worldly 7. Done quickly and without attention to detail 8. ‘To keep away from; avoid consistently 9. Present but hidden or inactive 10. ‘To tum aside or stray, ag from a path, direction, or standard CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all126 Chapter 21 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each sword once [a.credible ——b. cursory c. designated, deviate e. Improvise f. interim g. latent h. ‘h secular n j. simulate 1, Nadia’s __ ability in basketball became apparent when she turned 12. Her ‘movements had once been clumsy, but now they were smooth and controlled. ___ as Supreme Court justices people who share their political 3. L hear Andy dropped out of college. What caused him to __ from his plan to get his degree? 4, Because his story about a flat tire sounded stranger to use our telephone. » My parents allowed the 5. Inthe __ between applying to college and getting the letter of acceptance, I spent a lot of time worrying. 6. Margo couldn't identify the driver of the car that had hit her. She’d given him only a(n) ___ glance at the time of the accident. 7. The chorus is known for its gospel music, but it also performs __ compositions, including show tune 8. When the actor forgot his lines, he was forced to some dialog until the stage manager whispered to him from offstage. 9, Tony found the hardest part of overcoming his addiction was learning to people and places that would tempt him 10 use dregs again. 10. The zoo’s exhibits __ the natural environments of animals. The orangutans, for example, live in a space that looks much like an Asian rain Torest. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use ¢ach word once. 1-2. In seventh grade, I looked upon girls with great disdain°. Then, in the __ between seventh and eighth grades, my interest in. them suddenly surfaced. 3-4. In looking for a college, Luke gave only __ attention to ___ schools. He was quite sure he wanted to attend a Catholic schoo!Chapter 21 127 5~6, Matt told his mother he was late because he had fallen while running home. To make his story more ___, he had scratched his knee with a rock to an injury from a fall. 7-8, Della wanted to be a cheerleader, but she willingly __(e)d from that goal when she was __(e)d class mascot and got to wear a polar bear costume to all the games. ________ 9-10. Proud of his ability to create new dishes, Franco tended to ___ cook- books. He preferred to _ meals, using whatever ingredients happened to be on hand. In fact, cooking was one of his favorite diversions?. »> Final Check: Skipping Church Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. 1 remember so well the time my mother’s back injury prevented her from going to church with my brother and me. For five weeks, we were supposed to go by ourselves. Zack and I back then preferred (1) activities to religious ones, so we decided to (od the churchgoers she wanted us to be by getting dressed every Sunday in our good clothes and Qs church while Mom was recovering. We (3). leaving home and returning at the right times. We spent the (4) ata restaurant or at the movies. Of course, we knew Mom would question us about the service. Each week one of us was (5) (e)d to invent a sermon, I thought Zack's sermons sounded not only (6) but also inspiring. I, conversely’, tended to Oo on the spot and didn’t sound so believable. But Mom never seemed to notice how weak my sermons were or how (8), our answers were when she asked whom we'd seen and what news we'd heard. Finally, she was ready to attend church again. Over dinner Saturday evening, she began what seemed to be’an innocent conversation, Gently, but showing a previously (9) talent for cross-examination that could have made her a star attorney, she questioned us in a quiet but relentless? manner about our “church-going.” The more she persisted, the more Zack and I stumbled and (10) _____{¢}d from our official story, We eventually concluded we were caught, and the realization mortified? us. Looking downward in shame, we divulged? all the details of our “secret” scheme. We felt pretty foolish when we learned she'd known all along that we had never set foot in church. Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book,CHAPTER 22 | commemorate empathy | complacent menial | consensus niche deplete transcend | diligent waive Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 128 1 commemorate /ko'memereit/ verb _ Commemorate means 2 complacent /kom pleisanty -adjective __ Complacent means 3 consensus /kon'sensas/ -noun __ Consensus means 4 deplete idi'pl -verb ___ Deplete means 5 diligent /dilid3anty -adjective __ Diligent means 6 empathy emp “noun __ Empathy means Thomas devoted himself to feeding the hungry. So on ihe anniversary of his death, it seems wrong to commemorate his life with a fancy dinner party that only the rich can attend. Each year, my parents commemorate their first date by having dinner at McDonalds, the place where they first met. a. to share. b. to celebrate, c. to believe. Elected officials cannot afford to be complacent about winning an election. Before long, they'll have to campaign again for the voters’ support Getting all A’s hasn’t made Ivy complacent. She continues to work hard at school. very eager. b. reasonable. ©. too much at ease. A vote revealed strong agreement among the teachers. The consensus was that they would strike if the school board did not act quickly to raise their pay. ‘The family consensus was that we should go camping again this summer. Ray was the only one who wanted to do something else for a change. a, amajority view. b. an unusual idea. c. a question. I'd like to help you out with a loan, but unexpected car repairs have managed to deplete my bank account. In order not to deplete their small quantity of canned food, the shipwreck survivors searched the island for plants they could eat. a. to use up. b. to forget. c. to find. I wish I had been more diligent about pra would be nice to be able to play well now. ing piano when I was younger. It Diane was lazy when she first joined the family business, but she became so diligent that she inspired others to work harder. a. self-satisfied. b. lucky. c. hard-working Families who lost loved ones in the attacks on the World ‘Trade Center and the Pentagon have empathy for one another because of their shared grief. Ms. Allan is an excellent career counselor partly because of her great empathy. She understands each student's feelings and point of view. a, acommon opinion. _b. a sympathetic understanding. _c. an efficiency.7 8 9 10 menial /mizntaly adjective 7 Menial means niche . gouty -noun : Niche means transcend : streen'send/ -verb Transcend means waive . pwery/ -verb . Waive means Chapter 22 129 Victor seems to think my summer job delivering pizza is menial work, but I've found that it requires some skills. Every job can be done with pride. Even menial jobs such as washing windows or scrubbing floors can be performed with care. a, unskilled, b. steady. c. satisfying, Although her degree was in accounting, Laura decided her niche was really in business management, so she went back to school for more training. Dom spent the years after college moving restlessly from job to job, never finding a comfortable niche for himself. a. a shared opinion. b. a suitable place. ©. an education, The psychic convinced her clients that she could transcend time and space and talk directly with the dead. Yoga can help one transcend the cares of the world and reach a state of relaxation, a. to participate in, b, to go past. ©. to use up. ‘The defendant decided 0 waive his right to an attomey and, instead, speak for himself in court. Since Lin had studied so much math on her own, the school waived the requirement that she take high school algebra, a. to lose, b. to honor. c. to give up. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or p each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 Bey aw Not requiring special skills or higher intellectual abilities ‘The ability to share in someone else's feelings oF thoughts To rise above or go beyond the limits of; exceed To honor the memory of someone or something, as with a ceremony; celebrate; observe To willingly give up (as a claim, privilege, or right); do without An opinion held by everyone (or almost everyone) involved Self-satisfied; feeling too much satisfaction with oneself of one’s accomplishments Steady, determined, and careful in work An activity or situation especially suited to a person To use up CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all.130 > Sentence Check 1 Chapter 22 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. fa commemorate ha > Sentence Check 2 consensus niche d. deplete transcend = j ©. diligent waive . complacent . menial 1. The old man decided to __ any claim he had to the family fortune, preferring to see the money go to the younger generation. ‘The American Inventors’ Association gathered at a banquet to _ Thomas Edison. . My grandfather, who's recovering from heart surgery, is weak, so it doesn’t take much effort for him to __ the little energy he has. Many people believe that Shakespeare's works __ those of all other authors. The restaurant got off to a good start, but then the owners became about their success and stopped trying to attract new customers. Several sessions with a career counselor helped Suzanne consider what her in the working world might be. . The children help out at the farnily restaurant, but they are able to perform ‘only ___ tasks such as mopping floors and cleaning tables. 2 Amie has been __ in his study of German because he hopes to speak the language with his relatives from Germany when they visit next summer. 9. [had hoped the restaurant would be good, but our group’s __ was that the food was only so-so and the service was even worse. 10. Dr. Grange is a brilliant mathematician, but she lacks __ for her students. She doesn’t understand how they can find some problems so difficult. Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. Lynn begged the bank to __ the overdraft charge of thirty dollars, telling them that it would entirely __ her savings. 3-4. In high school, Victor was voted “Most Likely to Become a Psychologist.” It was the ___ of his classmates that he was the student endowed? with the most ___ for other people. . My mother could have stayed in her comfortable ___ as part of the secretarial pool, but she wanted to the limits of that job and become an executive herself.Chapter 22 131 7-8. “On this, our hundredth anniversary celebration,” said the company president, “I'd like to ___our founder with a toast. He ran the company from top to bottom, doing even such ___ jobs as emptying garbage cans. He truly exemplified® the values of dedication and hard work.” 9-10. Dr. Roberts and Dr. Krill practice medicine very differently, Dr. Roberts is __ about reading journals and learning new techniques. Conversely®, Dr. Krill is more and never tries anything new. » Final Check: A Model Teacher Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully, Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. At Eastman High School reunions, the conversation usually gets around to the question “Who ‘was the best teacher in school?” And year after year, the (1) of the graduates has been that Mr. MacDonald was the best. Many remember Joe MacDonald as the epitome® of teaching—the teacher against whom they measured all others. He had started his professional life as a highly paid attorney. However, never at home with the law, he left his lucrative? practice and found his (2) __ _— as an English teacher in the shabby classrooms at Eastman, Mr. MacDonald somehow helped his students 3), their broken-down surroundings and experience the magic in the words of Shakespeare, Dickinson, or Frost. Even those who tended to shun® reading began to think there might be something to this literature stuff after all. ‘Mr. MacDonald’s enthusiasm for his work was never (4) fed, I fact, instead of being used up, his enthusiasm actually increased through the years. Other teachers became (5) about their work and did only cursory? lesson preparation. But Mr. MacDonald was as (6) as an eager first-year teacher. He could ‘often be found talking with students after school, as his great (7)___ had given him the reputation of being someone who understood students’ problems, He was fun, too. On the first really beautiful spring day of each year, he'd (8)_____ hi lesson plan and take the class out into the sunshine to sit under the blue sky and talk about literature. And no task was too (9). for him. He was often seen picking up trash from the grounds—something other teachers would never condescend? to do. After Mr. MacDonald’s retirement, his former students wanted to honor him in some way. They thought about a Statue, but decided to (10) his teaching in the way that he'd like best, with a college scholarship for an Eastman student, which was established in his name. | Scores Sentence Check 2 % Final Check Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 23 Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 1 bizarre Jo'zaxe)y -adjective Bizarre means 2 conducive /kan'djustv/ -adjective Conducive means 3 falter /forlta(e)/ -verb Falter means 4 flaunt /flomnt/ ~verb __ Flaunt means 5 frenzy /frenzi/ -noun __ Frenzy means 6 gist 1a3ist/ -noun __ Gist means 132 + Some mentally itl people have bizarre ideas, For example, they may think that the TV is talking to them or that others can steal their thoughts. + Waily’s outfits may seem bizarre, but if you see him with his even stranger- looking friends, his clothing looks quite ordinary, a. limited. b. ordinary. ©. odd. + A deliciously warm and sunny April day is conducive to a bad case of spring fever. + Learning to budget an allowance at a young age is conducive to good spending habits later in life. a. favorable. b. similar. c, damaging. + Vince faltered on the first few notes of his piano piece but then played the rest without pausing. + Even public speakers who now sound smooth and confident must have faltered when giving their first speeches. a. to show off. b. to hesitate. c, to succeed. + Instead of enjoying their wealth quietly, the Stewarts flaunt every new thing they buy in front of their poor relatives. + Cindy never flaunted her high grades. In fact, I didn’t know that she was first in her class until she received the highest academic award at graduation. a. to interfere with, b. to approve of. c. to exhibit. + When Grace couldn’t find her little son in the department store, she went into a frenzy and didn't calm down until she knew he was safe. * The holiday season always includes a frenzy of last-minute shopping. a, acalmecondition, _b. an angry condition, _. an excited condition. + We asked Alex to skip the details and get right to the + The gist of the novel is that a family got stranded on an island and had to struggle to survive. of the argument. a. the small parts. b. the main idea. c. the benefit,7 8 9 10 Chapter 23 133 hamper + “We never meant to hamper your struggle for independence,” Tom’s parents shempan)/ said. “From now on, we'll let you handle your own life, including your laundry -verb and meals.” + The breakdown of telephone lines hampered business all along the West Coast today. Hamper means a. to restrict. b. to show off. . to promote. paradox + When Della kept postponing her decision about whether or not to go back to /'perodoks/ school, I reminded her of the paradox “No decision is also a decision.” -noun : The story of King Midas illustrates a famous paradox: “When the gods wish to punish us, they answer our prayers.” The king gets what he thinks will be the best thing in the world — the golden touch — and then discovers that it is the worst thing when he accidentally turns his daughter into a golden statue, Paradox means a. an outburst. b. a simple statement. . aseeming contradiction, repertoire + The actor's repertoire includes drama, storytelling, song, and dance. repatwa:(r)/ + In order to be successful in school, it’s important to have a repertoire of study -noun strategies from which to choose. Repertoire means a. a variety of skills. b. a reason to do something. c. a statement of intent. viable + The parties in the labor dispute can reach a viable agreement only if both sides Narabl/ benefit equally. -adjective + The little boy quickly learned that using plastic tape is not a viable solution to mending a broken vase. Viable means a. practical, b. attractive. ©. expensive. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words, Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word, 1. s exer awe ep ‘The main point or essential part of a matter; central idea To act or speak with uncertainty; hesitate To limit, interfere with, or restrict A wild outburst of excited feelings or actions Workable; capable of being successful or effective A statement that seems contradictory yet may be true A range or collection of skills or accomplishments. Dramatically unusual, as in manner or appearance; strange ‘Tending to promote or bring about To show off (something) CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to check the definitions at all.134 Chapter 23 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. b. conducive c. falter d. flaunt e. frenzy 9. hamper h. paradox i. repertoire |. viable 1. Halloween offers everyone the chance to look as_as possible. 2. Al Pacino's __ includes both modern dramas and Shakespearean plays, 3. When a reporter asked Senator Drake a difficult, question, the senator ___(e)d for a moment, 4, For snails, heat is ___ to sleep. In fact, desert snails may sleep three or four years at a time. 5. The ___ of Kelly’s essay was that school should be open only four days a week, from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m, 6. Since ordinary clothes may ___ movement, sweat suits and leotards are recommended for the exercise class. 7. This morning, the staff could not come up with a plan to improve business. Every suggestion had a drawback. 8. When Chun’s parents said they worried when he dido’t call home, he said, “Remember that well-known ___ —no news is good news.” 9. Delia was in a___ because she had locked her keys in the car and she was already twenty minutes late for work. 10, Lucas believed the only way he could get a date was to ___ his wealth by wearing thick gold chains and driving expensive sports cars, Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2, Although Jenny chose the songs from her __ that she knew best, she wasn’t complacent? about being prepared. Afraid she would __ the ight of the concert, she practiced the songs over and over, — 3-4, The __ of the lecture was that although the United States encourages free trade, some other countries __ it.Chapter 23, 135 5-6. The joking at today’s staff meeting wasn't to finding a way to alleviate® the town’s parking problem. No one could think of a____ plan to increase the number of parking spaces. _______ 7-8. Bob is so prone® to changing his mind that his rapid shifts of opinion sometimes make me furious. Once, in a __ of anger, 1 shouted this : “You're always the same — always changing your mind!” 9-10. My mother took me aside at the party and said, “That looks more like a strange costume than a dress. It’s bad enough your clothing looks so ___, but do you have to mortify® me and __ it in front of all my friends?” » Final Check: My Talented Roommate Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. “If you've got it, (1). 1" That’s the (2) of Georgia’s philosophy. Georgia is my dorm roommate. A dance and theater major, she is a true extrovert? — always showing off, always “onstage.” It seems she is in constant motion, going from graceful leaps down the hall to such (3) acrobatics as swinging by her knees from the clothes rod in her closet. Some days Georgia performs her entire 4 right in our room. The (5). “less is more” doesn’t apply to her on those occasions, when she delights by acting, singing, and dancing everything she’s ever leamed. Attracted by her talent and charisma®, an audience always gathers to watch. The lack of space in our room never seems 10 (6). her movements. Since Georgia’s shows are not very (7)__ to good studying on my part, I join the crowd drawn by her magnetism. She is so smooth and confident — I have never seen her (8) . She moves easily from ballet to tap to jazz. She'll tell jokes, sing part of an opera, and perform a scene from Romeo and Juliet, Not knowing all the words never stops her — she simply improvises® lines as she goes along. When she finishes, her audience breaks into a (9) of applause. Many drama students will probably end up in other careers, but I contend? Georgia is talented enough to build a (10) career in show business, Scores Sentence Check 2 r L Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 24 Ten Word Parts in Context | eh -0r pop | “gamy rect | geo- the, theo- { Figure out the meanings of the following ten word parts by looking closely and carefully at the context in which they appear. Then, in the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each word part. 1 aster- /esta(r)/, astro- /xstrou/ _ The word part aster- or astro- means 2 contra- /kontro/ _. The word part contra- means 3 -er, -oF jay __ The word part -er or-or means 4 -gamy jgomi/ ___ The word part -gamy means 5 geo- /dgi:u __. The word part geo- means 6 mis- jmis/ __ The word part mis- means 136 The aster is a lovely flower named for its starlike shape: its petals point outward from a yellow disk. Astrologers claim to interpret the influence of the stars and planets on our lives. a, someone who does something. b. star. ©. marriage. Contrary to his campaign promise, the mayor is going to raise taxes. ‘The waming label on the bottle of arthritis medicine contained-this, conteaindication: “We recommend against taking this product if 1g aspirin or similar painkillers.” ». straight, c. against. When the opera singer Enrico Caruso had his first professional pictotes taken, his only shirt was in the laundry, so he draped a bedspread around his shoulders. American visitors to Canadian cities are often struck by how clean the streets are. a. god. b. wrong. ¢. someone who does something. Jackson brought charges of bigamy against his wife after he learned that she was still legally married to her first husband, King Mongut of Siam, whose story was told in the musical The King and , practiced polygamy. He was reported to have had 9,000 wives. a, marriage, b. opposite. c. god Pierce County, North Dakota, has the distinction of being the geographic center of North America. Geophysics is the science of the matter and forces of the Earth, including oceans, volcanos, and earthquakes. a. earth, b. people. ¢. outer space. think there is something wrong with a child who never misbehaves. The telephone caller misrepresented herself. She said she was doing a survey, but she really wanted to sell me life insurance. a. for. b. straight. c. badly.Chapter 24 137 7 omni- /omniy + For many years, the mobs seemed omnipotent. However, once the government began convicting gangsters, the mobs lost their all- powerful image. + Some dinosaurs ate only plants, and others ate only meat. Still others, omnivorous dinosaurs, ate all kinds of food. __ The word part omni- means a. right. b. all. c. wrong. 8 pop /pop/ + In 1770, the United States was not very populous. Only about two million people lived here then. + In order to populate the West, the government gave free land to people who would build on it. __ The word part pop means a. people. b. everywhere, ©. opposite. 9 rect jrekty + Every time I play Monopoly, I seem to pick the card that reads, “Go directly to jail. Do not pass Go. Do not collect $200.” + “Suck in those stomachs!” yelled the coach. “Pull back those shoulders, and stand erect!” __ The word part rect means a. opposite. b. straight. c. wrong. 10 the /6y . + Monotheism is the belief that there is only one God. theo- /Gi:ou/ + Theology is the study of the nature of God and religious truth. _ The word part the or theo- means a. god. b. everywhere. ©. for. * The pronunciation of word parts are only for reference as it might change when it becomes a component part of a particular word, Matching Word Parts with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten word parts. Clearly write or print each word part next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word part. 1 Wrong; badly 2. Straight 3. - Star, outer space 4. : People 5. Someone who (does something) 6. Earth; geography 7. A god or God 8. : All; everywhere 9. Marriage 10. Against; contrasting; opposite CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the word parts well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all.138 Chapter 24 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part ones a. aster-, astro- b. contrar 4. -gamy ©. geo- | f. mis- g. omni- h. pop i. rect the, theo- ' (Lo _ - 1, Wade, a professional (act...) __, seems to be playing a part even when 10. > Sentence Check 2 he's offstage. ‘The study of the chemical makeup of the Earth’s crust is called (C... chemistry). : Poverty is... present) __ in large ci every street. s in India, where people beg on A small starlike figure called an (. . . isk) __ (*) is often used in books and magazines to indicate a footnote. . On a movie set, the (di. . . or) is the person who keeps everyone and everything running on course. . John Wesley was the eighteenth-century British (. . . logian) __- who founded Methodism. If Ldon’t hang my house key on a special hook in the kitchen as soon as 1 get home, I'll(... place) ___it. . Young children go through a stage in which they (.. . dict) __ everything ‘a parent says. If the parent says yes, the child will usually say no. (Mono...) ___ doesn’t stop people from having more than one husband or wife. It only requires them to have one at a time. ‘The few places on Earth that have not yet been (.. . ulated) by homans probably would not appeal to many. Who wants to live on the snowcapped peak of a mountain? Using the answer lines provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Use each word part once. 3. 2. ‘The kindergartners were asked to draw a... angle) __, but several made a(... take) and drew a circle instead. -4, (Pan... ists) __ believe that God is not a personality but an (... present) __ force of nature, present throughout the universe.Chapter 24 139 5-6. (Doct...) _ Fisher was very (. . . ular) ___ with the townspeople because she always took the time to answer their questions and had great empathy® for her patients’ suffering. 7-8. The two Mayfield brothers made (. . . ry) career decisions. One is an archaeologist who speculates about what our past might have been like. The other is an (... naut) who thinks about our future in space. 9-10. In(... graphy) __ class, we learned not only about the location and climate of various countries but also about customs. For example, in some African nations, (exo...) __, or marrying outside the tribe, is not allowed and can result in expulsion® from one’s native community. » Final Check: Fascinating Courses Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten word parts. First read the following selection carefully. Then complete each italicized word in the parentheses below with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word part goes in which blank.) Use each word part once. Each semester, I like to choose one fascinating course unrelated to my major. Last fall, for example, I took a(n) (. . . logy) (1) course that focused on the remarkable changes in the Earth’s surface over time. Then in the spring, I took (.. . nomy) @. When I looked at the stars through a telescope, I felt tiny and insignificant in (. .. st) (3). to the enormous sizes and distances of ‘outer space. This experience made me ponder? the nature of God and prompted? me to look for a class on religion. So this semester I’m taking a course in (. . . logy) (4). . One day we spent three hours discussing this question: If God is (. . . porent) (5), + then why hasn’t He or She alleviated? all of humanity’s suffering? We've also talked about how much (... understanding) (6) - arises when people do not know about each other’s.beliefs. This confusion hampers® the pursuit of unity in the world. For example, I’ve long heard my (minist .. .) (7) preach that we should be true to one spouse, but I never knew that in some other religions, (poly . . . ) (8). is quite acceptable. If we were to take a survey of the world’s (.. . ulation) (9), many people would probably say they look to their church for (di... . ion) (10), — — in their lives. I’ve learned that there's a rationale® for understanding other religions as well. poe - Scores Sentence Check 2 Final Check, Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT FOUR: Review ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Four. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. ACROSS 4, Workable; capable of being successful or effective An attitude of contempt; Steady, determined, and careful in work 8. An opinion held by most or all involved 11. Am activity or situation especially suited to a person 12. The main point or essential part of a matter; central idea }. To humiliate or embarrass ‘The front of a building . To act or speak with uncertainty; hesitate scom ao 140 | averse benign consensus credible designate diligent disdain elation empathy endow facade falter frenzy gist glib latent libel mortify niche paradox redundant secular | shun viable | waive 20. The publishing of false information that harms a person's reputation 21. A feeling of great joy or pride The ability to share in another’s feelings or thoughts DOWN 1. A statement that seems contradictory yet may be true 2. Kindly; gentle 3. Present but hidden or inactive 5. To willingly give up; do without 7. To name to an office or duty; appoint 9. 10, 13 . A wild outburst of ex Believable To keep away from; avoid consistently Wordy or needlessly repetitive Not directly related to religion; not spiritual; worldly ted tions feelings or a . To provide with a talent of quality . Having a feeling of dislike or taste for something Characterized by a smooth, easy manner of speaking that often suggests insincerityUNIT FOUR. PART A : Test 1 Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided, |, The rain __ the work of the road construction crew. 10, a. hampered —_b. improvised _c. flaunted 4d. designated Suddenly dizzy from the heat, the speaker __ and covered his eyes. a. transcended. simulated _—_c. faltered 4d. waived . It’s hard to become ____ about great music. No matter how often you hear it, you never tire of it. a. viable b. haughty c. blasé 4. secular . In becoming a priest, Brian certainly ___ from his plan to become a stockbroker. a. improvised —_b. deviated c. simulated. divulged ‘Though pleased with the A on her last English paper, Lee was careful not to become __ — she began work on the next assignment immediately. a. complacent —_b. secular c. ominous 4. menial We were amazed to lear that gentle, soft-spoken Dr. Geyer writes horror novels under the __ of Trent Paterson. a. interim b. pseudonym —c. consensus. expulsion . When Scott won the gymnastics competition, his parents’ __ was as great as his own joy and pride. a. elation b. facade c. niche 4. liber . My nephew's ___ of tricks for getting his own way includes pouting, crying, and throwing tantrums. a. interim b. empathy c. consensus _d. repertoire I'm not quick with home repairs, but I'm __. } work steadily and carefully until I get the job done. a. diligent b. glib c. haughty d. cursory Because the article made unproven accusations against the mayor, the editors wouldn’t print it for fear of being sued for__. a, paradox b. expulsion —_—_c. empathy d. libel (Continues on next page) 141142 Unit Four: Test 1 PARTS On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item. ul 13, 15. 16. 19, 20, 14, 18, Among Beverly's many pets. the most bizarre is her a. green parrot. . hissing cockroach. ¢. miniature poodle. d. goldfish. . According to cartoons, situation comedies, and the like, which of the following job types is most likely to attract glib characters? a. Cowboy b. Accountant cc. Used-car salesperson &. Plumber A person endowed with an honest nature a. wishes he had an honest nature, b. is lacking an honest mature. c. pretends to have an honest nature. d. possesses an honest nature. Ominous music in a movie score generally means that a. alove scene is about to happen. b. something scary or evil is about to happen. ¢. an exciting action scene is about to happen. d._the opening credits are about to be shown. Napoleon Bonaparte was so averse to cats that he a. insisted one live in every room of his palace. b. stroked one for luck every morning, c, sneezed and itched whenever one was near, d._ left the room in disgust if one entered. Concerning fish, the term “feeding frenzy” refers to a. the period after eating when fish are relaxed. b. a period of starvation when food is scarce. ¢. aquiet, methodical search for food. d. a wild, excited period of feeding. . New England comprises a. the Atlantic Ocean. b. clam chowder, lobster, and lighthouses. c. Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Vermont. d. shipbuilding, fishing, and manufacturing, Our cat has tested positive for the disease feline leukemia. But since the virus can be latent, a. we are having her put to sleep because she is suffering so much. b, she may not develop any symptoms for a long time. c. we know she will die very soon. d. we are sure she doesn’t have the virus. Marisa told her employer that she felt dizzy and feverish and needed to see a doctor. Her boss answered, with great empathy, a. “Well, don’t let your personal problems interfere with your work.” b. “Sorry to hear that, Can you work overtime tonight?” c. “You must be feeling terrible. Is there anything I can do?” d, “Do you think you have the flu? Don’t give it to me!” A frequent dream of mine always mortifies me. In it, Tam in public and suddenly realize I'm naked. Ican fly as easily as a bird. 1am in my childhood home talking with my father, who is young and healthy again. Tam in a furious argument with a coworker whom I dislike. aos Score (Number correct) xo = Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT FOUR: Test 2 PART A Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. | a.commemorate b. consensus ©. credible d. designate. divulge |. flaunt g. gist h. Improvise interim j. paradox | | k. secular |. simulate m. viable | __ 1. It’s a(n) __ that we can sometimes be more generous by giving less 2. Authors often state the __ of an article in the introductory paragraph. ___s his good voice by singing louder than anyone else in the 4. More and more nuns are wearing clothes rather than traditional - 5. On Presidents’ Day, the nation __s George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, 6. I think it’s selfish of Dolly not to__ her secret recipe for poppyseed salad dressing 7. Films that ___ the experience of riding on a roller coaster give me a genuine feeling of nausea. 8. I don’t mind speaking before a group if I have time to prepare, but I'd be sated to death if [had to___ a speech on the spot. 9. The only __ plan for making enough money to keep up the payments on the house is to rent out some of its rooms. 10. Although the businessman at first seemed to be a ___ witness, the police started doubting him once he began to change the details of his story. 11, The __ among the city’s sportswriters is that Bridgewater High will win the basketball championship this year. __12. When the church’s pastor resigned, a retired minister stepped in for the ___ until a permanent replacement was found. 13, The boys __(e)d my little brother the treasurer of their tree-house club because he’s the only one who receives a regular allowance. (Continues on next page) 143144 Unit Four: Test 2 PART B Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word used incorrectly. 14, Ina democracy, it's important for people to waive their right to vote. 15. “That bow tie detracts from Alan’s appearance,” said Paloma. “He looks strangled and gif wrapped.” . . Wayne has transcended his usual good grades by failing three of his four classes this semester. Because menial tasks require little thought, I was able to plan some of my essay while cleanir my apartment yesterday. . The host's famous sister remained in her room for most of the party, although she d condescend to come downstairs and say good night to the other guests before they left. . By careful saving, | managed to deplete my bank account from $80 to almost $1,200 by t summer's end, PART C On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word. Example: _a_ bizarre a. strange b. ordinary c. expensive 20. haughty a. proud b. humble c. tall 21. disdain a. loss b. contempt c. admiration ___ 22. benign a. cruel b. broken . kindly PART D On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced word. Example: bizarre a. strange b. ordinary c. expensive 23. shun a. owe b. seek c. avoid 24, facade a. back b. light c. front 25. nul a. ignore b. approve c. cancel Score (Number correct) x4 Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back caver of the book,UNIT FOUR: Test 3 Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. For each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then decide which of the choices (a, b, c, or d) expresses a similar relationshiy 1, PSEUDONYM : AUTHOR :: a, address : map ¢. word : dictionary 2. FACADE : BUILDING a. house : cellar c. street : sign 3. HAUGHTY : ARROGANCE :: a. thirsty : water c. clever : intelligence 4, REDUNDANT : WORDY =: a. error: mistake c. word : repeat 5. DETRACT : IMPROVE :: a, blame : error ¢. criticize : scold 6. ELATION : WONDERFUL NEWS :: a. pain : injury ¢. satisfaction : failure 7. OMINOUS : STORM CLOUDS =: a. bright : fog c. flock : seagull 8. CURSORY : CAREFUL :: a, sharp : blade c. wild : untamed 9. IMPROVISE : REHEARSE :: a. schedule : roster ©. restore : destroy __10. SHUN : OUTCAST a. celebrate : hero ¢. poem : poet eg ag s es s s as Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. story : true costume : actor face : head |. neighborhood : town brave : fear muscle : strength Paper : book . paper : read open : door ascend : descend wisdom : ignorance football : sport fragrant : flowers sophomore : grade quick : rapid |. plentiful : scarce attempt : try |. comedian : joke triangle : shape welcome : foe (Continues on next page) 145146 Unit Four: Test 3 i 19. 20, . EMPATHY : UNCARING COMMEMORATE : ANNIVERSARY =: a. trophy : winner ©. break : diamond . DILIGENT : HARD-WORKING :: a. presence : absence c, frightful : comforting a. liberty : free . reliability : irresponsible - CONDUCIVE : HELPFUL :: a. nervous : calm c. lazy : idle . HAMPER : OBSTACLE :: a. forest : trees . gift : present . VIABLE : IMPOSSIBLE :: a. sneaky : sly c. applause : approval EXPULSION : SCHOOL :: c. celebration : funeral . COMPLACENT : SELF-DOUBT :: a. tired : exhaustion . transparent : clearness NICHE : SUITABLE :: a. kitchen cabinet : cereal c. haunted house : scary BIZARRE : ODDITY :: a, treacherous : traitor c. unknown : celebrity es es es s . uninterested . rigid : flexibility . horn : bull |. regret : mistake . dirty : unclean |. silk : tom sympathy : compassionate |. clarity : clear actor : actres: prepared : unready assist : instruction darken : bleach probable : likely . accidental : intentional . graduation : college . exercise : gym indifference high school : classroom |. doctor's office : chilly strange : ordinary landlord : tenant Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT FOUR: Test 4 (Word Parts) PART 4 Listed in the left-hand column below are ten common word parts, followed by words in which the parts are used. In each blank, write in the letter of the correct definition on the right. Word Parts Examples Definitions asters, astro- aster, astrologer a. Someone who (does something) 2 contra- contrary, contraindication b, Star, outer space 3. en, -or singer, visitor c. All; everywhere —— 4-gamy * bigamy, polygamy 4. Straight 5. geo- geographic, geophysics ©. A god or God ___ 6. mis- misbehave, misrepresent f. Against; contrasting; opposite 7 omni- omnipotent, omnivorous g. Marsiage ___ 8. pop populous, populate h. Earth 9. reet directly, erect i, People ___ 10. the, theo- monotheism, theology je Wrong; badly FART R Using the answer line provided, complete each italicized word in the sentences below with the correct word part from the box. Not every word part will be used. a. aster- b. contra- ©. -er “f mis- h. pop . 11. Vanilla ice cream is even more (... . ular) __ among Americans than chocolate is, 12. (.... ry) _ to what many suppose, Shakespeare made his living by acting as well as by writing. 13, Circling the sun between the paths of Mars and Jupiter are thousands of + (...0ids)__, or small planets. 14. The movie was about a woman who, thinking her husband was dead, married again. Later, husband #1 showed up, making her guilty of (bi...) __. 15. An interesting (.. . graphic) __ fact is that Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain in the world, has grown a foot taller over the last century. (Continues on next page) 467148 Unit Four: Test 4 PART C Use your knowledge of word parts to determine the meaning of the boldfaced words. On the answer line, write the letter of each meaning. 16. Mr. Nolan is a man of many misdeeds. a, religious feelings b. girlfriends c. immoral acts 17. Houses are usually rectilinear; that is, they are characterized by a. opposing forces. b. straight lines. c. great cost, 18, There will be many exhibitors at the state fair this year. . farm exhibits b. people who exhibit c. exhibit fees 19, Throughout history, a common form of government has been theocracy, in which the government is considered to be based on a. laws voted on by everyone. b. immoral laws. ¢. religious authority. 20. There’s too much knowledge in the world today for any one person to claim omniscience. a. knowledge of biology b. complete knowledge c. partial knowledge Scare (Number correct) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.Unit Five devoid Jeopardize implore sibling | Infuriate smug intimidate sneer Introvert vivacious Inhibition cryptic | deficient tronic | depict rupture detrimental saturate vindictive implicit | constrict exhaustive fallible Chapter 30 alot ambivalent | augment | dispet | explicit furtive gape pathetic precedent punitive habitat pragmatic pretentious reconcile vile “Tongevity magnitude mundane obscure renderUNIT FIVE: Pretest In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. I. sneer a) impress b) endanger) ridiculed) rhake laugh 2. introvert a) worker b) shy person ¢) good example _d) attacker 3. vivacious a) vicious b) retired ¢) conceited —_d) lively 4. sibling a) sister or brother b) friend ¢) relative d) parent 5. implore a)excite b)attack —e) beg) borrow 6. devoid a) provided b) lacking c) endangered d) borrowed _____ 7. jeopardize a)risk b) meet with ¢) anger_—d) defend ___ 8. intimidate a)celebrate —b) ©) soothed) frighten —— 9 smug a)upset_ b)calm —c) conceited —_d) lively ____ 10. feasible a) unbelievable b) possible ¢) amazing) wild _._ I. gape a) stare b) repair ¢) beat d) hide from 12. fiscal a) secretive b) about government ¢) financial __) personal ____. 13. condone a)forgive —b) represent ¢) arrest.) appoint, ___ 4. pathetic a)rich —b) puzzling —_¢) wonderful) pitifully lacking ___ 15. precedent a) gift’ b)example feed) later event — 16. contemplate a) think seriously about b) create) add tod) reveal ___ 17. furtive a)loud —b) quiet) public) secretive ____ 18, detrimental a) dirty —b) nutritious ¢) harmful d) helpful 19. ironic a) deeply felt’ b) meaning opposite of what is said ¢) simple_—_d) great __ 20. implicit a) lacking b) attached ¢) above _—_d) unstated but understood ___ 21. vindictive a) not easily understood —b) gentle ¢) vengeful) temporary ___. 22. eryptie a) harmful b) cruel €) puzzling —_d) loud 23. inhibition a)attack —b) delay ¢) holding back d) exhibit a) forgotten b) lacking ¢) completed) well-known a) describe b) settle ¢) accept. —_d) control (Continues on next page) 15026. 21. 28, 29, 30. 31. 32. 33. 34, 36. 37. 38. 39, 40. 41 42 43. 44. 45. 46. 41. 48. 49. constrict pretentious fallible exhaustive formulate habitat le reconcile pragmatic . pacity esteem transient evoke muted avid dwindle nurture aloof augment explicit longevity magnitude mundane obscure. |. render Unit Five: Pretest 151 a) control b) prove) make smaller d) regard a) pleasant b) showy —_¢) required.) practical a) capable of error hb) complete) incomplete) simple a)respected —b) nervous ¢) completed) tired a)allow b)move —_¢) purchased) develop a)headache —b) natural environment —_¢) importance__d) usual behavior a) offensive b)secretive e) nice) tricky a)refine b)redo accept _—_d) increase a) ordinary b) slow ©) wise) practical a)betray b)calm retreat d) remove a)age b)doubt—¢) respect.) length of life a) stubborn) temporary) permanent) easy-going a) pull back —b) plant.) voted) draw forth a)softened b) strangled) bright d) puzzling a) bored —_b) disliked ¢) enthusiastic) plentiful a)strip b)shrink —¢) weaved) cut a)harden b) thank —¢) nourish d) starve a)cool b) friendly —_¢) not clearly expressed d) ordinary a)change —_b) cause to become —_¢) increased) describe a)everyday —b) distant) permanent —_d) stated exactly a)size b) holding back —_¢) length of life.) health a) importance —b) attraction ¢) respect d) example a)odd —b)ordinary —_¢) softened ~—d) loud a)enthusiastic b) showy —¢) hard to understand —_—_d) bored a) win out —b) reveal ¢) cause to var d) cause to become SCORE: (Number correct) x22 %CHAPTER 25 | devoid jeopardize implore sibling | infuriate smug intimidate sneer | Introvert vivacious i Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 152 1 devoid sat'vord/ adjective Devoid of means 2 implore samn'plo:inyy -verb Implore means 3 infuriate im'fjuoriert/ ~verb Infuriate means 4 intimidate jn'tumidert/ verb Intimidate means 5 introvert /intravvsit/ -noun Introvert means 6 jeopardize ‘#dgepadaiz/ -verb __ Jeopardize means ‘The French fries were so thin, dry, and devoid of taste that they seemed like toothpicks. Sometimes Carl is totally devoid of common sense. Once he went on vacation leaving his front door unlocked and the newspaper delivery service uncanceled. a. without b. equal to. c. possessing. Please hide those chocolate bars, and don’t tell me where they are no matter how much | implore you. ‘The princes implored the evil magician to spare the handsome prince’s life. a, to educate. b. todeny. c. to urge, Peter so infuriated Sheila that she slammed down the phone while he was still talking. At the grocery store, it infuriates me when people with a cartload of food get in the express line. a, to anger. b. to encourage. ¢. to frighten. Will’s huge size intimidates strangers, but anyone who knows him realizes that he’s a very gentle man. Public speaking so intimidates Charlene that she would rather write four term papers than give a single oral report. a. to calm, D. to scare. ©. toannoy. Pearl is a very outgoing person, but her boyfriend Larry is such an introvert that he seldom socializes at all. It could be difficult for an introvert to succeed in sales, which involves considerable contact with the public. a. a conceited person. b. ashy person. c. a busy person, Molly is so clumsy that she jeopardizes every fragile item she touches. Whatever she picks up is liable to get broken. Pregnant women who take drugs jeopardize their babies’ health, . to play with. b. to take into account. c. to put in danger.7 10 Chapter 25 153 sibling + Do you think twins are more similar in personality than other siblings? Fsibliny + It’s hard enough for children to move to foster homes; it’s even worse when ~noun siblings have to be separated. Sibling means a. a brother or sister. b. a cousin. c. a friend. smug + Self-confidence is a virtue, but being smug is carrying self-confidence too far. ssmagh + I avoid smug people. They are very generous in judging themselves while cadjective viewing others narrow-mindedly. Smug means a. full of life. b. dishonest c. too self-satisfied. sneer + Janice is terrific with little children, No matter how silly their questions are, ysnra(e)/ she never sneers at them. -verb + Instead of encouraging us when we make a mistake, our biology teacher sneers at us with a scomful smile or a put-down. Sneer at means a. t0 leave. b. to mock. c. to ignore. vivacious + My father is such a vivacious host that he makes his guests feel bright and yvi'verfas/ lively too. -adjective + Between scenes, the actors might appear tired and dull, but they become ivacious once the camera is on. Vivacious means a. good-looking. b. peppy. . irvitable. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word, 2. 10, A shy or inwardly directed person Completely lacking A sister or brother _ Toanger greatly Lively; full of life and enthusiasm To beg; plead _ To show or express contempt or ridicule To make timid or afraid; frighten Overly pleased with one’s own cleverness, goodness, etc.; too self- satisfied To endanger; put at risk of loss or injury CAUTION: Do not go any furthes until you are sure the above answers are correct, Then You can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goat is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all154 Chapter 25 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. “b. Implore _c. infurlate d. intimidate _. introvert 9. sibling h. smug i. sneer j. vivacious ___ I. You may call Linda charming and __, but to me, she’s just an irritating chatterbox. 2. I__ you not to mention the VCR to Hakim. | want to surprise him with it, 3. The genius who invents a chocolate ice cream that’s ___ of calories should win a medal. 4, Working with computers all day suits my brother. He’s too much of a(n) ___ to enjoy working much with other people. 5.1 don’t understand why Eileen enjoys activities that __ her life, like skydiving and mountain climbing. 6. Christmas is the one time of year when my grandparents, parents, and three __s.are able to get together. 7. There used to be little that angered my father, but since he got laid off. it seems that everything we kids do__s him, _____ 8. When he found Ant selling drugs near the elementary school, the police officer __(e)d at him, spasling, “You scum.” ________ 9 It's better to get children’s cooperation by setting shared goals than by trying to _ them with threats of punishment. 10, Jenny would be more popular if she didn’t get that __ look on her face every time she answers the teacher's question correctly. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. The people I love best can __ me the most. No one can make me as angry as my parents and __s can. I guess close relationships are conducive? to strong feelings, both positive and negative. 3-4. It won’t do any good to ___ me to help you with your term paper. Since you delayed working on it for so long, I'm ___ of sympathy. I don’t mean to gloat®, but why should J give up my evening when I was diligent? about doing my paper on time and you were playing games on the Internet all week?Chapter 25 155 5-6. I think Marvin only pretends to look down on the weightlifters in school. He ___s at them to hide the fact that they __ him, —. 7-8. Among her close friends, my sister is known as a really ___ woman, energetic and bubbly. But she often seems like a(n) __ around people she doesn’t know well. 9-10. I told Seth he would ___ his chances of getting a date for the dance if he waited until the last minute to ask someone. But he Was __ enough to think that any girl he asked would be happy to break a date with someone else to go to the dance with him. » Final Cheek: Cal and His Sisters Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. I've never met (1), s who are less alike than Cal and his a sters, Margo and Tina. First, they are different in their approach to school. Alll of them get good grades, but while Margo and Tina don’t brag about their intelligence, Cal does. When he gets straight A’s, he flaunts® his report card and (2)_ sat classmates who haven't done as well. Naturally, being so (3), about his grades (4)_. s his chances of having many friends, and he’s often by himself. By contrast, Margo is a true extrovert? — she’s completely (5), . of shyness. She’s so (6). that people naturally flock around her, and she’s constantly busy with movie dates, study sessions with friends, and parties. Nothing seems to (7). Margo. She will walk into a room full of strangers, boldly strike up a conversation, and leave an hour later with several new best friends. Tina is yet another completely different type of person, Under most circumstances, she a(n) (8). close friends, rather than a crowd of acquaintances. | actually think Tina is the most interesting of so quiet that people barely notice she is in the room. However, Tina is not . She's not shy; she just puts her energy into having a few the three, While Cal is devoted mostly to himself and his elligence, and Margo is busy being popular, there are hungry, homeless people living in her own city, and she quietly volunteers some of her ina cares deeply about other people. It (9) s her to know that time to helping them: She once (10) (€)6 Cal and Margo to get involved in the same kind of work, but neither of them had any interest. Seores Sentence Check 2 Final Check % Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 26 | condone furtive | contemplate gape | feasible pathetic | feign precedent | fiscal punitive Ten Words in Context 156 In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning, 1 condone /kon'doun/ -verb __ Condone means 2 contemplate /kontempleit/ -verb __ Contemplate means 3 feasible /Gxzabl/ -adjective __ Feasible means 4 feign fewy -verb __ Feign means 5 fiscal MMiskal/ -adjective __ Fiscal means 6 furtive /fattiv/ -adjective __ Furtive means + Icannot condone Barb's smoking in public. It threatens other people's health, » Teachers may overlook it when you're three minutes late. But they are not going to condone your walking into class a half hour late. a. toexcuse, b. to recall. . to punish. +B rei ¢ Ben hadn't studied for the test, he contemplated cheating. He quickly ized, however, that the eagle-cyed teacher would spot him, + Whenever Anne's husband drank too much, she would contemplate separation, but then she would feel guilty for thinking about leaving a sick man, a. to consider. b. to pretend. ©. to avoid. + It isn’t feasible for me to work full time and keep the house clean unless someone helps me with the cleaning chores. + Marilyn told her supervisor, “It just isn’t feasible for this staff to do the work of the two peopie who were fired. You need to hire more people. a. wrong. b. legal. c. possible. + Since I had heard about my surprise party, I had to feign shock when everyon yelled, “Surprise!” + You can feign a head cold by pretending you're too stuffed up to pronounce an 1, n, or m. Try it by saying, “I have a code id by dose.” a. to wish for. b. to prove. c. to fake, + The gift shop closed because of fiscal problems. It simply didn’t make enough money to cover costs. + Some states have passed laws allowing child-support payments to be taken directly from the paychecks of divorced parents who ignore their fiscal responsibility to their children, a. emotional. b. financial. c. unfair. + At the football game, a guard in the stands noticed the furtive movement of a thief’s hand toward a spectator’s pocket. + According to experts, teenagers who are furtive about where they are going and with whom may be involved with drugs. a. secret. b. dependable. c. serious.Chapter 26 157 7 gape + Everyone stopped to gape at the odd-looking sculpture in front of the library. /getp/ + Because drivers slowed down to gape at an accident in the southbound lanes, verb northbound traffic was backed up for miles. __ Gape means a. to yell. b. to appreciate, c. to stare. 8 pathetic + That plumber’s work was pathetic. Not only does the faucet still drip, but now ipa'Betiky the pipe is leaking. -adjective + Health care in some areas of the world is pathetic. People are dying of diseases that are easily treatable with modern medicine. __ Pathetic means a. ordinary. b. miserable. ©. expensive. 9 precedent + When Jean’s employer gave her three months off after her baby was bon, a Ipn'sicdanty precedent was set for any other woman in the firm who became pregnant. -noun + To set a precedent, the teacher gave the student who stole an exam an F for the entire course. “Others will think twice before they do the same,” he explained. __ Precedent means a, a question, b. adelay. c. amodel. 10 punitive + Judge Star is especially punitive with drunken drivers, giving every one of 'pjuinativy them a jail term. -adjective + Many parents find that reward is a better basis for teaching children than punitive action is. Punitive means a. punishing. b. forgiving. ©. uneven. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. ' ________._ Possible; able to be done 2 3. 4. Done or behaving so as not to be noticed; secret; sneaky To stare in wonder or amazement, often with one’s mouth wide open Anything that may serve as an example in dealing with later similar circumstances ‘To forgive or overlook 6. ______ Giving or involving punishment; punishing _ . Financial 8. : To think about seriously 9. Pitifully inadequate or unsuccessful 10. To pretend; give a false show of CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need to cheek the definitions at al158 Chapter 26 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. ‘acondone _b. contemplate _. feasible d. feign e. fiscal (f furtive 9. gape h. pathetic i. precedent j. punitive 1, Disabled people don’t like others to at them, Instead of a stare, a simple smile would be appreciated. 2. From time to time, I__ attending business school, but so far I've made no firm decision. 3. Lawyers can strengthen @ case by finding a useful __ among previous similar cases. 4. It’s not __ for me to attend two weddings in the same afternoon, so I'll have to choose between them. ____ 5. The principal does not __ hitting students. He believes that every problem has a nonviolent solution 6. At the low-cost clinic, Clayton had te give evidence of his ___ situation, such as a tax form or current pay stub, before he could receive treatment. 7. The people on the elevator didn’t want to stare at the patch on my eye, but several took ___ glances. 8. Mr. Hall’s living conditions were __. There was no heat or electricity in his apartment, and the walls were crumbling. 9. When I gave my oral report in class, I tried to ___ confidence, but my shaking legs revealed my nervousness. 10. My mother wasn’t usually __, but one day I pushed her too far, and she said, “If you do that one more time, I will send you to your room for the rest of your adolescence.” > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. “Would it be __ for us to buy a new copy machine?” Hal asked at the office budget meeting. The boss replied, “Unfortunately, our __ situation is too tight. That purchase would create a deficit? in our budget.” _—_____ 3-4. Some parents take only __ measures when children misbehave. They never take time to __ the benefits of a gentler approach. However, benign’ encouragement is often more effective than punishmentChapter 26 159 5-6. Several passersby stopped to ___ at the homeless man and his shelter, made of cardboard and a tcm blanket. The poignant? sight moved one woman to go to a restaurant and buy a meal for the man. 7-8. The fourth-grade teacher said, “I will not __ any ___ behavior in my class. Rita, please stop passing notes under your desk to Ellen.” 9-10. The __ was set many years ago: When the winner of a beauty contest is announced, the runner-up __s happiness for the fact that she is quite devoid? of happiness at the moment. » Final Check: Shoplitter Here ner, despite the a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Valerie took a (1) glance around her. When it seemed that no one was watching, she stuffed a blue shirt ito the bottom of her purse and darted out of the women’s department. She walked slowly around the shoe department for a while and then left the store. “Step! You! Stop!” shouted a guard who seemed to appear from nowhere. Then another man in street clothes grabbed her purse and pulled out the shirt. “But. . . but... it’s not mine, I don’t know how it got there,” Valerie cried. ‘The two men just looked at each other and laughed at the blatant” lie. The guard said, “That's what all shoplifters say. People steal without taking time to (2) the possible results. Then when they're caught, they loudly (3). innocence.” As the guard began to phone the police, Valerie implored? the men, “Please don’t press charges. Please. This is the first time I’ve ever done anything like this, and I'll never do it again.” ‘The men laughed again. “Your argument is (4) ,” the man in street clothes said. “It's everyone's first time. Our store has a policy on shoplifters: It's mandatory? for us to press charges, even if it’s the first offense. We can’t set a bad (5), by letting a shoplifter go, as if we (6), (e)d such crimes.” “That's right,” said the guard. “Shoplifting is all too prevalent? in our store. This shirt costs , but the twenties add up. Our (7), officer reported a loss of about $150,000 worth of merchandise to shoplifters only twenty dolla last year. So it simply isn’t ) to let you walk away. Unfortunately, we have no choice but to take (9) action.” Soon Valerie was led to the police car. She covered her face as other shoppers stopped to (10), at the lovely young woman, an unlikely-looking criminal. Sevres Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 27 cryptic inhibition deficient ironic depict rupture detrimental saturate implicit vindictive Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word's meaning. 160 1 cryptic /kriptik/ adjective Cryptic means 2 deficient iar'fifanyy -adjective Deficient means 3 depict idi'pikty -verb __ Depict means 4 detrimental j,detei'mentol/ -adjective __ Detrimental means 5 implicit jim'phisit/ -adjective Implicit means 6 inhibition janhi'bifany -noun ___ Inhibition means + [begged Tony to tell me the big secret, but he always gave the same cryptic reply: “It’s a green world, my friend.” = Next to the dead woman’s body was a cryptic note that said, “Not now.” a. cruel. b. mystifying c. humorous. + When people have too little iron in their blood, it sometimes means that their diet is also deficient in iron, + Gil’s manners are deficient. For example, I've never heard him thank anyone for anything. insufficient. b. sensitive. ¢. iner sing. + The painting depicts a typical nineteenth-century summer day in the park + Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel Uncle Tom's Cabin depicted the cruelty of slavery so forcefully that the book helped to begin the Civil War. a. to hide, b. to show. ¢. to predict. + Do you think all television is detrimental to children, or are some programs a positive influence on them? © gases from automobiles and factories have been so detrimental to the environment that some of the damage may be permanent. a, useful, b. new. c. damaging. + When the gangster growled, “I’m sure you want your family to stay healthy,” Harris understood the implicit threat. + Although it’s never been said, there’s an implicit understanding that Carla will be promoted when Earl finally retires. a, playful. b. modern. c, unspoken. + A two-year-old has no inhibitions about running around naked. + Sarah’s family is openly affectionate, with no inhibitions about hugging or kissing in public. a, an inner block. b. ahabit. c. a purpose.7 ironic va'ronik/ -adjective Ironic means 8 rupture /raptface)/ ~verb Rupture means 9 saturate /seeforeit/ -verb Saturate means 40 vindieti win'diktw/ -adjective Vindictive means Chapter 27 161 It's ironie that Loretta is such a strict mother, because she was certainly wild in her youth “The Gift of the Msgi” is a short story with an ironic twist: A woman sells her Jong hair to buy a chain for her husband’s watch, while her husband sells his watch to buy ornaments for her hair. a. unexpected, b. inadequate. c. reasonable. If the dam were to rupture, the town would disappear under many feet of water. The bulge in the baby’s stomach was caused by a muscle wall that had ruptured and would have to be repaired. a. to heal b. 10 exist ¢. to come apart. Most people like their cereal crunchy, but Teresa lets hers sit until the milk has saturated every pie Studying history for three hours saturated my brain — I couldn't have absorbed one more bit of information. a. to protect. b. to empty. . to fill. Ifa woman refu he takes revenge 's to date my older brother, he becomes vindictive. One way is to forward her all his junk e-mail After she was given two weeks’ notice, the vindictive employee intentionally jumbled the company’s files. a. sympathetic. »b. spiteful. . puzzling. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition, The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 yop re A holding back or bloc ig of some action, feeling, or thought Having a vague or hidden meaning; puzzling Suggested but not directly expressed; unstated, but able to be understood Inclined to seek revenge; vengeful To represent in pictures or words; describe To burst or break apart Lacking something essential; inadequate To soak or fill as much as possible Harmful Opposite to what might be expected CAUTION: Do not go any further votil you are sure the above answers are correct, Then you can use the definitions 10 help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all162 Chapter 27 — Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word fram the box. Use each word once, | a. eryptic b. deficient —c. depict. —_—_d. detrimental e. implicit | “f Inhibition g. Ironic h. rupture saturate j. vindictive I 1. A person can be intelligent and yet be __ in common sense. . When the pressure in the gas pipe became too great, the pipe __(e)d. 2. —_ _ 3. Isn't it___ that the richest man in town won the million-dollar lottery? 4. ~ Even something as healthful as vitamins can be __ ta your health when taken in very large amounts. 5. Becky's customary lack of ___ was evident the day she came to class barefoot. _ __ 6. In the novel Oliver Twist, Charles Dickens __s life orphanage as truly pathetic®. n an English — 7. Street gangs are __. If anyone harms a member of a gang, the other members will take full revenge. 8. The fifth-grade assignment was written in double talk. Everyone laughed as the students tried to make out the teacher's __ message. 9. The aroma of Gretchen’s perfume so __(e)d the air in the car that Steve coughed and rolled down a window. 10, While it’s not written in teachers’ contracts, there is a(n) __ understanding that teachers will spend time preparing lessons and responding to students’ work. Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. —______________ 1-2. Water-batloon fights are fun until a balloon __s against your clothes, and they get __(e)d with cold water. 3-4. Most viewers find the painting, with its dozens of dots on a white backgrownd, to be __. However, it’s possible to figure out what the painting __s by mentally connecting the dots. ___. 5-6. 1 feel it’s a waste of energy to retaliate® when someone bas injured me, but my sister is always trying to get even with people. Her __ attitude is____to her relationships with family and friends.Chapter 27 163 7-8. It’s __ that the book Live Simply on Little Money has made the author wealthy, since a(n) __ message of the book is that the author himself requires little money. __ 9-10. Gerry feels people should “lose their __s” and do whatever they feel like doing, but I think people who are altogether ___ in self-control have poor manners. » Final Check: A Nutty Newspaper Office Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. My therapist says it’s (I)___ to my mental health to keep my thoughts bottled up inside of me, so I'll drop all (2) s and tell you about the newspaper office where I work. Let me describe my editor first. It's sort of (3), that Ed is in communications because I've never met anyone harder to talk to. Although he’s a proponent? of clear expression, Ed communicates as unclearly as anyone I know. For example, if I say, “How are you doing today, Ed?” he'll give me some (4) response such as “The tidal pools of time are catching up with me.” I used to think there might be some deep wisdom () in Ed’s statements, but now I just think he’s a little bizarre®, Then there’s Seymour, our sportswriter. Seymour is perfectly normal except that he has unexplained fits of crying two or three times a week. In the middle of a conversation about the baseball playoffs or the next heavyweight title fight, Seymour suddenly goes into a frenzy° of crying and (6). s handfuls of Kleenex with his tears. Now, I don’t mean to (7), our office as a totally depressing place. It is not entirely (8) in excitement, but even our excitement is-a little weird. It is dsually provided by Jan, a (9), typesetter who, whenever she feels injured by Ed, takes revenge in some horrible but entertaining way. One of her favorite types of reprisal° is sneaking fictional items about him into the society column. I'll never forget the time Ed was in the hospital after his appendix (10) (e)d. He almost broke his stitches when he.read that he was taking a vacation at a nudist colony. The article infuriated? him so that he probably would have sued the newspaper for libel? if he didn't work there himself. Scores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 28 | constrict habitat exhaustive pragmatic fallible pretentious formulate reconcile genial vile Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 1 constrict /kon'strikt/ verb Constrict means 2 exhaustive g'zorstiv/ -adjective Exhaustive means 164 3 fallible /feelobly -adjective __ Fallible means 4 formulate /formjuleit/ -verb Formulate means 5 genial Fdginjoly adjective Genial means 6 habitat /hebriset/ -noun __ Habitat means ‘The summer highway construction will constrict traffic by confining it to only two lanes. In feudalist China, the feet of some girls were constricted with binding to keep them from growing to normal size. Women’s feet were considered most attractive if they were less than four inches long. a. to expand. b. to repair. c. to squeeze Don’t buy @ used car without putting it through an exhaustive inspection. Check every detail, from hood to trunk. ‘My teacher recommended an exhaustive thousand-page biography of Freud, but who has time to read such a thorough account? a. smooth, b. detailed. ©. narrow. “I know we all are fallible,” the boss told his workers. “But do you have to make so many of your mistakes on company time?” When they are little, kids think their parents can do no wrong, but when they become teenagers, their parents suddenly seem fallible. a. optimistic, b. friendly. ©. imperfect. The author first formulated an outline of his plot and then began writing his mystery. Before stepping into his boss's office, Hank had carefully formulated his case for a raise. a. to develop. b. to question. ©. to accept. I was worried that my grandmother's treatment at the nursing home might be harsh, so I was relieved when the nurses and aides turned out to be very genial Libby found her first dance instructor so rude and unpleasant that she changed toa more genial one. a. good-looking. b. practical. ¢. good-natured, Many people believe that wild animals should be allowed to remain in their natural habitats and not be captured and put in zoos. Mosses can live in a large variety of humid habitats, from very cold to very hot. a. a pattern, b. aplan. c. aterritory.Chapter 28 165 7 pragmatic + We always called my sister “Practical Polly” because she was the most /pracg'metik/ pragmatic member of the family. adjective + When Vince was single, he spent most of his money on travel. Now that he has a family to support, he must spend his money in more pragmatic ways. __ Pragmatic means a. sensible. ». patient. c. pleasant, 8 pretentious + Dana’s classmates don’t like her because she’s so pretentious. It’s hard to like /pri'tenfas/ someone who acts as if she knows it all. -adjective + My aunt marked her husband’s grave though he were a member of a royal family. a large, pretentious monument, as __ Pretentious means a b. important-seeming. c. cruel. 9 reconcile + When my grandfather died, we worked hard to reconcile Grandma to the fact /'rekansail/ that he was really gone. -verb + After his third wreck in six months, Tony reconciled himself to living somewhere along a bus line and doing without a car. __ Reconcile to means a. to bring to accept. _b. to frighten about. . to hide from, 10 vile + My sister loves a certain cheese that has the vile odor of something that fell off wail/ a garbage truck. -adjective + When I finally get around to cleaning out the refrigerator, I always find some vile moldy food at the back of a shelf. Vile means a. threatening. b. natural. c. nasty. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. To bring (oneself or someone else) to accept ‘The natural environment of an animal or plant Making a show of excellence or importance, especially when undeserved Capable of making an error ‘To make smaller or narrower, as by squeezing or shrinking Covering all possible details; complete; thorough Friendly, pleasant, and kindly era we Offensive to the senses, feelings, or thoughts; disgusting 9. To plan or express in an orderly way 10. Practical CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions tw help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don't need tocheck the definitions at all.166 Chapter 28 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. a. constrict b.exhaustive fallible d. formulate —_e. genial ' |. habitat g. pragmatic h. pretentious i. réconcile —j._ vile 1. The local diner serves the world’s most ___ beef stew, full of big globs of fat. 2. Why is Debra acting so unfriendly today? She's usually so 3. My mother was forced to __ herself to my independence when I moved (to my Own apartment. —____ 4. Bright light __s the pupils of our eyes, letting in less light. Darkness makes them wider, letting in more light. 5. My supervisor told me that if I wished to work on an independent project, I should first ___ a detailed plan of my idea. 6. For her term paper on orchids, Wilma did ___ research, covering every aspect of the flower’s growth and marketing. 7. about his intelligence, Norm tries to impress people with a lot of big words. 8, Children’s stories sometimes mistakenly show penguins at the North Pole. The birds’ __ is actually near the South Pole. 9. “It would be more ___,” my brother said, “if you went to the grocery once a week for a larger order rather than going daily for just a few items.” 10. When the auto mechanic said, “Well, I'm like everyone else,” 1 responded, “Yes, but your mistake almost got me flattened by a truck. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word onee. 142. “You want me to be perfect, but that’s impossible!” I cried. “\_ yourself to the fact that every one of us is__.” It wasn't until then that my mother realized how detrimental? her criticism had been to our relationship. 3-4, Wildlife experts __(e)d a plan to preserve what little remains of the gorilla’s natural. Continued loss of that territory would jeopardize® the survival of the species. 5-6. My uncle was not at all __ about fiscal? matters, He would spend household money on videotapes and __-smelling cigars and leave the family without any extra cash.Chapter 28 167 7-8. When our pet python escaped, we quickly made a(n) __ search throughout the house and grounds. We found him wrapped around our dog, about to __ the poor mutt to death. 9-10. At the sales seminar, employees were taught to be ___ with customers and never to seem ho matter how much they knew. Customers like warm, amiable® salespeople, not ones who show off. » Final Check: Roughing It Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. “Whose brilliant idea was this anyway?” Sara asked. “If people were intended to sleep on the ground and cook over a fire, we wouldn’t have beds and microwave ovens.” “Stop complaining,” Emily said. “At least you've got on dry clothes. You didn’t end up walking through some (1), mud because your canoe overturned, And you didn’t have a (2) partner who claimed to know everything about canoeing but actually didn’t know enough to steer around a rock.” “So I made a mistake,” George said. “We're all (3) ” “Well,” Emily responded, “your mistake has lost us our tent. And our sleeping -bags and clothes are saturated? with muddy water.” ‘Then Doug spoke up. “It’s no ig deal. Sara and I will lend you clothes, and you two can squeeze into our tent.” “Squeeze is right, “ said Emily. “Four in one tent will (4) us so. ‘much that we won’t be able to exhale.” “It’s your choice,” said Doug. “Decide if you want to be in a crowded tent or sleep out in this wild-animal (5) Sara couldn’t resist adding, “If you had just listened to me and had been a bit more (6) when planning for this trip, we wouldn't be in such a mess. You would have written a(n) (7) list of what we would need, from A to Z. Then you would have (8) (@)d a clear plan for who would take what. ‘Then we wouldn't be out here with two corkscrews but no plastic to wrap our belongings in.” “Let’s just stop complaining before this degenerates® into a shouting match. We should be a little more (9), with one another,” said Doug. “We need to (10)__ ourselves to our imperfect situation and not let it detract? so much from our vacation that we forget to have a good time.” Scores _ Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 29 Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 168 1 avid fevids -adjective __ Avid means 2 dwindle /dwindly -verb __ Dwindle means 3 esteem n'stismy -noun __ Esteem means 4 evoke a'vauk/ ~verb __ Evoke means 5 legacy /legast/ -noun __ Legacy means 6 mediate (midiot/ -verb __. Mediate means Ramia, an avid reader, enjoys nothing more than a good science-fiction novel. Artie is such an avid sports fan that he has two televisions tuned to different sporting events so he doesn’t miss any action. a. likable. b. devoted. c. helpful. As the number of leaves on the tree dwindled, the number on the ground increased. Chewing nicotine gum helped Doreen’s craving for cigarettes to dwindle. She smoked fewer and fewer cigarettes each day until she quit altogether. a, to make sense. b. to drop suddenly. ©. to decrease, When Mr. Bauer retired after coaching basketball for thirty years, his admiring students gave him a gold whistle as a sign of their esteem. ‘The critics had such esteem for the play that they voted it “Best Drama of the Year.” a. concern. b. appreciation. c. curiosity. Music can evoke powerful feelings. A sweet violin solo often moves its listeners to tears. ‘The smells of cider and pumpkin pie evoke thoughts of autumn. a. to bring out. b. to shelter. c. to follow. Ana's great-grandfather, grandmother, and mother were all musicians. She must have inherited their legacy of musical talent because she’s an excellent piano and guitar player. One of the richest legacies that my mother handed down to me is the love of nature. I've inherited her interests in growing flowers and in hiking. a. amemory. b. ahigh hope. . an inberited gift. My father refused to mediate quarrels between my sister and me. He would say, “Settle your own fights.” Each of the farmers claimed the stream was part of his property. Finally, they agreed to let the town council mediate their conflict. a. to pasticipate in. d. to settle, c. to observe,7 muted /mjustidy -adjective Muted means 8 nurture fnaitfa(ny/ -verb __ Nurture means 9 pacity Fpeesifay/ -verb __ Pacify means 10 transient /treenzionty -adjective __ Transient means Matching Words with Definitions Chapter 29 169 When I put in my earplugs, the yelling from the next apartment becomes muted enough so that it no longer disturbs me. ‘The artist used muted rather than bright colors, giving the painting a quiet, peaceful tone. a. soft, b. temporary. ‘c. boring. Although I often forget to water or feed my plants, my sister carefully nurtures her many ferns and violets. Many animals feed and protect their babies, but female fish, in general, do not nurture their young. The female only lays the eggs, which are guarded by the male until they hatch, a. to inspect. b. to seek out. c. to care for. When I'm feeling nervous or upset, I often pacify myself with a soothing cup of mint tez Not only did I anger Roberta by calling her boyfriend “a creep,” but I failed to pacify her with my note of apology: “I’m sorry I called Mel a creep. It’s not always wise to tell the truth.” a. to amuse. b. to encourage. c. to soothe, The drug's dangers include both permanent brain damage and transient side effects, such as temporarily blurred vision. Julie wants a lasting relationship, but Carlos seems interested in only a b. short-lived. c. hard to notice. Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. L 2 9. 10, Softened; toned down; made less intense ‘Temporary; passing soon or quickly Enthusiastic and devoted To make calm or peaceful To draw forth, as a mental image or a feeling To gradually lessen or shrink To settle (a conflict) by acting as a go-between High regard; respect: favorable opinion ‘To promote development by providing nourishment, support, and protection Something handed down from people who have come before CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to help you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at al.170 Chapter 29 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided. ‘ward once, 10. > Sentence Check 2 . Past of the charm of spring is that . My cousin Bobby is the most _ |, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each e. legacy j. transient | . When my newborn nephew starts to scream, we __ him by rocking him and singing softly. . The photos in my album __ many fond memories of my high-school friends. . If you study too long at one sitting, your concentration will eventually begin to__. . At the party, Yoko and I kept our conversation ___so that no one would overhear us. You must __ a child with love and respect as well as with food and shelter. 's__. It comes and goes so quickly that we can’t wait for its return, To show his __ for her singing, the talent agent sent Mary flowers after she performed in a local theater. collector I know. He collects almost anything, from baseball cards to beer cans. Shakespeare’s work, a priceless __ from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, has been enjoyed by generation after generation, Rather than go to court, Mr. Hillman and the owner of the gas station agreed to have a lawyer __ their disagreement. Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 3-4. Leo is such a(n) ___ chef that his enthusiasm for cooking never 1-2. Becky's ___ for Gerald turned out to be __. She discovered that he used drugs and could not condone® his habit, so she broke up with him. He’s been known to cook with great zeal® for ten straight hours. 5-6. Loud music upsets our canary, but tones __ her.Chapter 29 71 7-8. It is necessary to __a human infant because it is the biological __ of newborn mammals to be unable to survive on their own, Parental care is indispensable®. _____ 9-10. In the Bible, King Solomon __s a dispute between two women, each of whom claims the same child as her own. Pretending that the child will be cut in two, he sees the horror that this thought __s in one of the women, He then knows that she is the true mother. » Final Check: Getting Scared Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. Do you remember trying to scare yourself and everybody else when you were a kid? For instance, maybe you were a(n) (1). roller-coaster rider, closing your eyes and screaming and loving it all. Afterward, you would (2)_ your still nervous stomach by quietly sipping an ice-cold Coke. If a short roller-coaster ride gave you too (3). a thrill, there was always the long-term fear of a horror movie. If the horrors it depicted? were vile? enough, you might be scared about going to bed for the next three months. And remember popping out from behind comers yelling “Boo!” at your brother? The fight that followed (“You didn’t scare me one bit.” “Did too.” “Did not.” “Did too.”) would go on until a grown-up (4) (e)d the conflict. (Parents always seemed to be there to settle disputes among siblings® or to (5) and reassure you at times when you needed support.) At other times, you and your friends probably sat around a campfire late at night, engaging in your favorite nocturnal? activity—telling ghost stories. Thrilled with the horror of it all, you spoke in voices $0.46), ____ they were almost whispers. The storyteller who gained the most (7). was the one who could (8)__ the greatest terror in others. If anybody's fear started to (9) , this expert ‘would build it up again with the most effective story in the campfire repertoire®, the story of the ghost in the outhouse, a (10)__ ______ handed down from older brothers and sisters to younger ones. The story always made you so scared that you needed to go to the outhouse, But fearing the ghost there, how could you? Seores Sentence Check 2 Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.CHAPTER 30 aloof longevity ambivalent magnitude | augment mundane | dispel obscure | explicit render Ten Words in Context In the space provided, write the letter of the meaning closest to that of each boldfaced word. Use the context of the sentences to help you figure out each word’s meaning. 172 1 aloof p'lusfy adjective _ Aloof means 2 ambivalent yem'bwoleny -adjective __ Ambivalent means 3 augment ___ Augment means 4 dispel /Ais'pel/ -verb __ Dispel means 5 explicit Ak'sphistt/ -adjective _ Explicit means 6 longevity Avy'dgevati -noun __ Longevity means Some people say that the English are aloof, but the English people I've met seem warm and open. I knew that Taylor was upset with me about something because he was aloof even when I tried to be friendly. a. motivated. © b. lazy. ©. cold. “Because I'm ambivalent about marriage,” Earl said, “I keep swinging back and forth between wanting to set the date and wanting to break off my engagement.” I’m ambivalent about my counselor. I appreciate her desire to be helpful, but I dislike her efforts to interfere in my life. a, meaning well. b. having mixed feelings. c. experienced. Why are women so willing to augment their height by wearing high heels when this kind of footwear is so bad for their feet? Because Jenna needed additional money, she augmented her salary by typing term papers for college students. a, toadd to b. to risk. €. to cover up. Vickie’s sweet note of apology was enough to dispel the slight anger Rex still felt toward her. I tried to dispel my friend’s fears about her blind date that evening by telling her that my parents met on a blind date. a. to cause. b. to eliminate. c. to communicate. Even though the instructions were explicit, we were still unable to put the bookcase together. ‘My parents were very explicit about what I could and could not do during their three-day absence. They presented me with a detailed list! a. brief, b. mysterious. c. specific. Volkswagens and Hondas are known for their longevity, often outlasting more expensive cars. ‘The animal with the greatest longevity is the giant land tortoise, which can live several hundred years. a, form. b. life span. ©. size,Chapter 30 173 7 magnitude + Numbers in the billions and trillions are of too great a magnitude for most /megnitju:d/ people to grasp. -noun + When the bank teller realized the magnitude of his error, he panicked at the thought of being held responsible for the loss of so large a sum of money. __ Magnitude means a. an amount. b. atime. c. alength, 8 mundane + Because Usha teaches belly dancing every day, it is simply one more jsnan'dem/ mundane activity to her. -adjective + The most mundane activities can turn into extraordinary events. For instance, I met my best friend while washing my clothes at the laundromat. __ Mundane means a. exciting. b. painful. ©. commonpla 9 obscure + The chemist didn’t express his theory clearly, so it remained obscure 10 all but sab'skjuats), a few scientists. -adjective + The police easily discovered who committed the murder, but even to the best psychiatrists, the killer’s motives remained obscure. __ Obscure means &. unimportant. b. unclear. c. known, 10 render + Don’t let the baby near your term paper with that crayon, or she will render it /rendatr)/ unreadable. verb + Phyllis added so much ved pepper to the chili that she rendered it too hot for anyone to eat. __ Render means a. to remember. b. to make. c. to wish. Matching Words with Definitions Following are definitions of the ten words. Clearly write or print each word next to its definition. The sentences above and on the previous page will help you decide on the meaning of each word. 1 To drive away as if by scattering; cause to vanish 2. Size Ordinary; everyday Stated or shown clearly and exactly Having conflicting feelings about someone or something To cause (something) to become: make Not easily understood; not clearly expressed 8 Cool and reserved; distant in personal relations 9. To increase; make greater, as in strength or quantity 10. Length of life CAUTION: Do not go any further until you are sure the above answers are correct. Then you can use the definitions to belp you in the following practices. Your goal is eventually to know the words well enough so that you don’t need to check the definitions at all,174 Chapter 30 > Sentence Check 1 Using the answer line provided, complete each item below with the correct word from the box. Use each word once. [aaloot —b. ambivalent —c. augment ——_d. dispel | f. longevity ——_g, magnitude h. mundane i. obscure ee 1. The best writers can describe something ___ so that it doesn’t seem ordinary at all. 2. The architect decided to add another pillar to the building to __ its support. 3. “Russell seems ___ toward me,” Janice said, “as if he both likes and dislikes me.” 4, Recent research suggests that our parents’ __ doesn’t necessarily affect how long we will live. _ 5. When I'm frightened, I try to appear ___ because looking cool and distant helps me feel in control, 6. The essence of my science teacher's genius is that he is able to make complicated, __ ideas clear to students. - 7. “If you keep walking on the backs of your shoes like that, you will __ them as flat as the floor,” Annie’s mother said. ___ 8. If Claude proposes marriage to Jean, he will __ any doubts she may still have as to whether or not he really loves her. 9. “Ltry to make my test questions as __ as possible,” said Mr. Baines, “so that my students will know exactly what answers I’m looking for.” 10. I began to realize the __ of the insect population when I read that there are more kinds of insects living today than all other kinds of animals in the world. > Sentence Check 2 Using the answer lines provided, complete each item below with two words from the box. Use each word once. 1-2. When asked about his __, ninety-year-old Mr. Greene gives an __ recipe for a long life: cat well, exercise, and stay away from hospitals. “It’s ironic®,” he explains, “that I got she worst infection of my life at a hospital.” 3-4, Harriet was able to__ the family income by working overtime, but her problems with her husband and children increased in __as a result.Chapter 30 175 5-6. I'm ___ about playing with our rock band. The music is a source of elation® for me, but I’m afraid it will __ me deaf one of these days. 7-8. Gail sometimes appears cold and conceited, but she is __ only toward people whom she strongly dislikes. With all others, her usual genial? and modest manner soon __s any impression that she is haughty°, 9-10. “Does the idea that we don’t always see things as they feally are seem to you?” the teacher asked. “If so, it will become clearer if you narrower in the distance than it really is?” » Final Check: My Sister’s Date Here is a final opportunity for you to strengthen your knowledge of the ten words. First read the following selection carefully. Then fill in each blank with a word from the box at the top of the previous page. (Context clues will help you figure out which word goes in which blank.) Use each word once. I watched as my older sister, Ruth, removed the last spiked curler from her hair. We gaped® at the result, She somehow had (1). _(@)d her hair limp as spaghetti. When Ruth started to cry, I tried to pacify® her with my usual gentleness: “Why are you such a crybaby about some stupid guy?” The guy was Steven Meyer. He and Ruth were going to a high-school dance. She’d had a crush on him for years, for reasons that were (2) to me. (I never had been able to discern? what she saw in him.) When Ruth began to (3) her makeup by applying some more powder, she gave a terrifying scream that probably reduced my (4), by at least a year. She informed me between sobs that a pimple had just appeared on her nose, making her “look like a vile® witch.” { studied her face, expecting a pimple of truly amazing (3)____ Instead, I spotted a tiny speck. I tried to (6). Ruth’s worries: “So, it makes you look like a witch. Don’t you want to look bewitching?” But she just began to ery again. I took this opportunity to go downstairs and wait for Steven Meyer. He arrived a half hour before Ruth was ready. Observing him through my thick glasses, I tried 10 figure out exactly what Ruth saw in him, We talked until she appeared at the top of the stairs. Trying tolook (7) , she came down very slowly, wearing a cool, distant expression. When Ruth retumed home later that night, her comment about the evening was (8), : “Totally rotten.” She said that Steven, far from being extra- ordinary, had turned out to be “the most (9)__ ______ sort of person in the world.” It seemed Ruth had: bypassed feeling (10). about Steven and gone straight from love to hate, It’s just as well, since I’ve been married to Steven for ten years now. Scores Enter your scores above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book. relate it f0 the __ experience of looking down a road. Doesn’t it tookUNIT FIVE: Review ‘The box at the right lists twenty-five words from Unit Five. Using the clues at the bottom of the page, fill in these words to complete the puzzle that follows. 14 16 15 12 7 aloof ambivalent avid constrict depict dispel fallible | feien furtive genial implicit ironic mediate mundane muted nurture 13 obscure pathetic pragmatic 22 ACROSS: 4. To make smaller or narrower, as by squeezing or shrinking 6. Pitifully inadequate or unsuccessful 7. To soak or fill as much as. possible 9. Overly pleased with one’s ‘own cleverness, goodness, etc.; self-satisfied 13. Having conflicting feelings about someone or something 17. Enthusiastic and devoted 19. Cool and reserved 21. Suggested but not directly expressed 176 a 28 22, Not easily understood or clearly expressed 23. To settle (a conflict) by acting as a go-between 24. A sister or brother DOWN . Lively; full of enthusiasm Giving or involving punishment; punishing 3. Done or behaving so as not to be noticed; secret; sneaky 5. To promote the development of by providing nourishment, support, and protection | punitive saturate ling smug sneer vivacious 7. ‘To show or express contempt or ridicule 8. Practical 10. Softened; toned down; made less intense 1. Friendly, pleasant, and kindly 12. To pretend; give a false show of 14, Ordinary; everyday 15. Opposite to what might be expected 16. Capable of making an error 18. To represent in pictures or words; describe 20, To drive away as if scattering; cause to vanishUNIT FIVE: Test 1 PART A Choose the word that best completes each item and write it in the space provided. 7. After a(n) 1. Dean is so __ that he refers to his position of hamburger cook at a fast- food restaurant as “chef.” a. punitive b, transient ©. pretentious d. muted 2. Peter hasn't been __ about quitting his job, but he’s hinted at it, a. explicit b. avid c. fallible 4. punitive 3. In talking with the social worker, the abused child __ a life of horror. a. depicted b. implored c. intimidated d. nurtured 4, When my brother complained of a shortage of cash, his __ message was “Can you lend me some money?” a, smug b. avid c. implicit 4. vivacious 5. The poker gang laughed when Mom asked to join their game, but th: for her rose as she won the first four hands. a esteem b. longevity. legacy 4, magnitude 6. While driving home three hours after her curfew, Lucille __ an excuse she hoped her parems would believe. a, formulated —_b. dispelled c. ruptured 4. intimidated search during which I crawled around my entire apartment, my “missing” contact lens fell out of my eye. a. exhaustive —b. fiscal ¢. pretentious —d. vindictive 8. Jerome deserves his excellent grades, but he doesn’t have to be ___ and say, “Naturally, I got straight A’s again,” a. obscure b. deficient c. smug d. muted 9. If's__ that my rich uncle is so stingy and my parents, who aren’t rich, are always lending money to family members. a. exhaustive. ironic c. furtive d. pragmatic 10. Although he had heard about his grandmother's aches and pains a million times, Dennis ___ interest whenever she complained to him a. implored b. feigned c. mediated 4. intimidated (Continues on next page) 7178 Unit Five: Test 1 PART B On the answer line, write the letter of the choice that best completes each item. IL. “I'm not fallible,” my older sister insists. She means that she never makes a. money. b. meals. c. mistakes. d. good grades. 12. The habitat of a cactus is . a. very prickly. b. capable of storing water. c. grayish-green. d. the desert. 13. A mundane experience, in most people’s opinion, would be a. grocery shopping. b. meeting one’s future spouse. cc. sky-diving. d. having major surgery., 14. “This new comedy show is devoid of humor,” wrote the television critic, meaning that the show a. is always funny. b, is funny some of the time. cc. completely lacks humor, d. is going to win an award. 15. When Isaac implored his sister to lend him ten dollars, he a. blackmailed her into lending him the money. b. demanded that she lend him the money. c. refused her offer to lend him the money. d. begged her to lend him the money. 16. A person who begins honking and yelling, “Go, go!” at other drivers the second a traffic light tums green is deficient in a. vision, b. rudeness. c. patience. d. speed. 17. A reliable way to infuriate a teacher is to a. skip class, refuse to do assignments, and talk back rudely in class. b. hold the door open for him or her and offer to help clean up the classroom, c. take education courses in college and eventually get a student-teaching assignment. d. ask for clarification when you do not understand an assignment, 18. Roger realized Anitra’s interest in him had dwindled when she began to a. ask his friends if he was dating anyone special. b. object to his seeing other women. ¢. come up with excuses to call him at home. 4. avoid his phone calls and visits. 19, When my father mediates a quarrel, he a. intentionally angers the people involved because he wants them to fight. b. helps settle the quarrel by acting as a go-between. c. takes one person’s side in order to make the other one even angrier. d. refuses to become involved in the quarrel in any way. 20. Although Vanessa developed a crush on her classmate Josh, the feeling was transient because she asked him out on a date. Josh was in all her classes. she soon met the boy she called her “true love.” Josh returned Vanessa's feelings. asses Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT FIVE: Test 2 PART A Complete each item with a word from the box. Use each word once. a. ambivalent. condone _c. contemplated. evoke, feasible | f. fiscal g. Inhibition ‘h. jeopardize i, legacy j/ magnitude | k. muted L. reconcile —_m. sibling 1. To make the bright green a more ___ shade, the painter added a few drops of black. 2. Music in a minor key often __s sad feelings in the listener. 3. No one realized the ___ of Nora's depression until she tried to kill herself. 4, Isabel has ___ feelings about her job. She loves the work but hates her boss. 5, Why ___ dropping out of school when you’ve got only two semesters to go? 6. It isn’t _ to grow roses in our back yard. There’s too much shade back there for roses. 7, Rosa has __(e)d her son’s temper tantrums for so long that he thinks they're acceptable behavior, 8. My love of the outdoors is a(n) __ from my grandfather, who often hiked in the mountains. 9. The company is in such bad ___ shape that over half the employees will soon be laid off. 10. Dick __(e)d his chances of getting the job when he addressed the interviewer by the wrong name. 11. My __s will be coming from California and Arkansas to celebrate our parents’ twenty-fifth anniversary. 12. At first, Tiffany was reluctant to sit in Santa Claus’s lap, but she overcame her _s when she saw that he was handing out candy canes. 13. As the wedding drew near, Brenda had to ___ herself to the fact that her son would marry a woman she disliked. (Continues on next page) 179180 Unit Five: Test 2 PART RB Write C if the italicized word is used correctly. Write I if the word is used incorrectly. 14, Saturate the washcloth by wringing it out. 15, Tasked Sal to augment the stereo because it was giving me a headache. 16. An avid reader, Judy spends much of her time enjoying newspapers, magazines and books. 17. Sonia sneered at the rock star who was her idol and asked him to autograph her CD. 18. Being a pragmatic person, my brother values music and poetry more than practical things. 19. Barry didn’t let his children stay up late last night because he didn’t want to set a precedent for future nights. PART C On the answer li , write the letter of the word that is the synonym of the boldfaced word. Example: _a_ dwindle a. lessen b. increase c. turn 20. aloof a. angry b. friendly c. reserved 21. nurture a. starve b. establish c. nourish 22. render a. make b. prevent c. return PART D On the answer line, write the letter of the word that is the antonym of the boldfaced word. Example: _» dwindle a, lessen b. increase c. tum __ 23. genial a, unpleasant b. kindly c. inborn _— 24. pathetic a, admirable b. required c. sorry 25. intimidate a. delay b. frighten ©. encourage Score (Number comect) Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.UNIT FIVE: Test 3 Each item below starts with a pair of words in CAPITAL LETTERS. For each item, figure out the relationship between these two words. Then det le which of the choices (a, b, c, or d) expresses a similar relationship. Write the letter of your choice on the answer line. 1, INTROVERT : SHY :: a. firefighter : brave ¢. showoff : modest 2. SIBLING : BROTHER :: a, niece : aunt c. parent : father 3. VIVACIOUS : SLUGGISH :: a. tall : mouse c. dishonest : forger 5. GAPE : AMAZING =: a. smile : sad c. yawn : exciting 6, PUNITIVE : PENALTY = a, liberating : shackles ¢. instructive : lesson 7. CRYPTIC : CODE :: a. spicy : cartot c. wealthy : beggar 8. DETRIMENTAL : SMOKING :: a. beneficial : exercise c. snakebite : antidote 9, RUPTURE : PIPE :: a. sweep : dusteloth c. inhale : exhale _ 10. VINDICTIVE : FORGIVING a. neglectful : attentive c. expensive : costly b. baby : infant 4. twins : triplets . curious : interested passionate : uncaring as cly : sneaky tiptoe : walk es Jaugh : humorous . interrupt : conversation as s punishing : reward 4. verdict : evidence encouraging : cheerleader mystical : magical ag dirt : shovel malfunction : computer es local : nearby take : revenge as (Continues on next page) 181182 Unit Five: Test 3 11, CONSTRICT : SHRINK :: a, commonplace : usual c. fracture : bone 12. GENIAL : GRUMPY : a. gentle : mild c. selective : picky 13, VILE : SPOILED FOOD :: a, rude : good manners c. shiny : new coin 14, ESTEEM : ROLE MODEL : a. admiration : enemy c. respect : fondness 15. MUTED : BLARING :: a, coarse : rough 16. PACIFY : ENRAGED :: a. calm : asleep c. preach : sermon 17. DISPEL : FALSE RUMOR :: a. expose : conceal c. sneeze : cold 18, EXPLICIT : OBSCURE :: a. frequent : rare ©. expire : lapse 19, MUNDANE : ORDINARY :: a, stone : diamond . sparkling : shiny 20, MAGNITUDE : MOUNTAIN :: Score — (Number correct) as es vanish : appear fire : ash elegant : awkward legible : readable b. striped : long lines es |. medicine |. external sitter taste .. familiarity : stranger |. contempt : bully quiet : silence outside heal : wounded delay : tardy es s |. sweetnes . usual : everyday |. sow : seeds bright : night childish : adult dampness : desert andy Enter your score above and in the vocabulary performance chart on the inside back cover of the book.POSTTEST OF THE WHOLE BOOK ‘This test contains 100 items. In the space provided, write the letter of the choice that is closest in meaning to the boldfaced word. 1. enhance a) free b) get e)improve _—_d) reject 2. encounter a) departure b) totale) meeting —_d) attack 3. obsolete a) current b) out-of date ¢) difficult to believe d) not sold 4. eccentric a)active b)common ¢)calm_—_d) odd 5. escalate a) remove b) include ¢) lessen d) intensify 6. euphemism a) degree b) false appearance _¢) substitute for offensive term — d) title 7. exemplify a)test b) construct ¢) represent —d) plan 8. adamant a)flexible b) stubborm —¢) weak 4) realistic 9. comprehensive a) delicate) including much _¢) accidental _d) small 10, animosity a)fear b)shyness ©) approval d) ill will 11. discern a) rule out b) devise ¢) see clearly) consider 12, allusion a) indirect reference b) physical weakness ¢) improvement d) short story 13. altruistic a)unselfish —b) honest ¢) lying) proud 14. malign a) praise b) boast ¢) speak evil of) depend on 15. arbitrary a) based on impulse b) wordy —_¢) believable d) demanding 16. assail a)defend —b)travel_ ¢) attack —_d) confuse 17, fluctuate a)sink —b) vary irregularly ©) float d) stand still 18, it a) praise b) disprove) draw forth) approve 19. persevere , a)mark —b) treat harshly ¢) continued) delay 20. venture a) misrepresent b) turn aside) urged) risk 21. attest a) examine /b) bear witness c) tear up d) dislike 22. acclaim a) disagreement b) great approval) falsename —_d) sadness 23. calamity a) conference b) breeze) disaster. d) storm 24, attribute a) admiration 8) quality ¢) diseased) program 25. tangible a) more than normal) touchable—¢) hidden d) orderly (Continues on next page) 183184 26, 27. 28. 29, 30. 31 32. 33. 34. 36. 31. 38. 39. 41. 42. 43, 45. 47. 48. 50. Posttest of the Whole Book retaliate qualm intrinsic confiscate immaculate degenerate implausible devastate sinister . nominal speculate succumb garble constitute blatant intricate predominant incentive infamous concurrent benefactor intermittent suffice alleviate digress a)repair b) payback ¢) renew _—_d) repeat a) pleasure b) place of safety _¢) feeling of doubt) dead end a) belonging by its very nature) not noticeable _¢) on the surface d) careful a) make difficult. b)deny —_¢) seize with authority d) desire a) roomy b)clean empty d) complete a)giveup b) improve _c) stay thesame —_d) worsen a) possible b) hard to believe ¢) imaginary _d) historical a) reassure b) upset greatly ¢) spread out d) begin again a) frightened) generous) lively) evil a)/slight b) large) important _—_d) open to harm a) inspect b) think about ¢) search —_d) state to be so a)cut short b) approach ¢) give in.) repeat a)claim —b) mixup c) refuse __) speak clearly a)make up b) remove —_c)eliminate__d) separate a) quiet b)sudden ¢) immediate) obvious a)complex b) easy —_¢) workable d) touching a) hidden b) having a tendency ¢) most noticeable d) smallest a)fear b)concem —_¢) prided) encouragement a) having a bad reputation) not known) small d) related a) apart b)north —_c) happening together__d) off-and-on a) landlord —_b) one who gives aid _¢) optimist _d) kindness a) hesitant b) nervous) off-and-on _—_) constant a) think up b) prevent ¢) beenough —_) pay back a)infect b) relieve c) make anxious —_—_d) depart a)resist b)improve ¢) stray _—_d) repeat (Continues on next page)51 53. 54. 55. 56. 37. 58. 59, 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. n 7, 14, 75. averse . conversely aspire elation quest mandatory ominous traumatic lucrative impasse transcend complacent divulge benevolent rationale proponent nullify flippant prone empathy waive prevalent dissent perception deplete Posttest of the Whole Book 185 a) opposed —b) fearful ¢) warm —d) attracted a) unfriendly b) rudely ¢) uncooperative) in an opposite manner a)dislike b) strongly desire) impress _—_d) deliver a) comparison b) trade) joy d) majority opinion a)place b)memory —¢) search_—d) request a) sexist b) threatening —_¢) required) masculine - a)happy —b) depressed) threatening —_d) friendly a) harmless b) reversed. ¢) delicate d) causing painful emotions a) causing disease b) profitable ¢) silly d) attractive a)gate b) exit ¢) central point ~—d) dead end a)send b)travel_—¢) showoff_—_d) rise above a) workable b) self-satisfied ©) healthy d) easy a)remove b) reveal ¢) hide) embarrass a)poor b)kind ¢) wealthy —d) nasty a}mood b) debate) logical basis.) research paper a) supporter b)examiner _€) foe) one part of the whole a)cancel b) tum aside) allow) harm a)cold —b) disrespectful) formal) nervous a)active b)tending —¢) disliked d) rested a)fear — b)encouragement _¢) ability to share someone’s feelings d) avoidance a)fly b)sleep @)showoff —_d) give up a) plain b) widespread ¢) escapable_—_-d) famous a) disagreement b) winning —c) defeat__—_d) approval a) impression b) meeting) deadend_—_d) party a)add10 —b) delay ¢) use upd) encourage (Continues on next page)186 16, 7. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. a1. 92, 93, 94. 95. 97. 98. 100. Posttest of the Whole Book vindictive precedent vile ironic saturate pacify detrimental explicit exhaustive ambivalent dispel pragmatic esteem contemplate transient augment fallible punitive avid habitat nurture deficient gape magnitude condone a) not easily understood —_b) gentle) vengeful d) temporary a)gift. b)fee ¢)example _—_d) later event a)tricky b) nice ¢) secretive d) offensive a)simple — b) meaning opposite of what is said, ©) deeply felt’ d) great a)fully soak —-b) putdown —_€) break apart) describe a) betray b) remove ¢) retreat d) calm a)harmful b) nutritious) diny —_) helpful a)everyday _b) permanent —_c) distant.) stated exactly a) complete b) nervous) respected —d) tired a) everyday b) temporary _¢) having mixed feelings _d) able to be done a) cause to vanish —b) anger_—e) described) a a) practical b) slow) wise) ordinary a) respect b) doubt c) age d) length of life a) think seriously about b) create ¢) add tod) reveal a)permanent —b) easy-going) stubborn._—_—_d) temporary a) cause to become b) change) describe _—_d) increase a)incomplete b) complete —_¢) capable of error _—_d) simple a) punishing b) inexpensive _¢) ridiculously inadequate _) possible a) enthusiastic b) disliked ¢) bored d) plentiful a) headache ‘b) natural environment ‘¢) importance d) usual behavior a)harden b) thank —¢) nourish_—_d) starve a) forgotten) well-known ¢) completed) lacking a)hide from b) beat —¢) stare ~—d) repair a)importance —_b) attraction €) respect. © d) example a) arrest. b) represent) forgive d) appointAppendixesA Answer Key 188 i 13. 14, 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20. 21. 22. 23. 25. Serer awepn 1. Answers to the Pretest of the Whole Book 26. 27. 28. 29, 30, 31 32. 33. 34, 35. 36, 37, 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44, 45, 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. b cacecaae eacco SI. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 37. 58. 59, 60. 61 62. 63. 64, 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 1. 72 73, 74, 75. © 16. 71. 78. 79. 80. 81 82. 83. 84, 85. 86. 87. 88. 89, 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 100.Unit One Pretest Beenowaene i, 12, 13. 14, Is 16. 17, 18, 19. 21. 22, 23, 24, 25 26, 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 22, 33, 34, 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 4. 42. 43, 45. 41. 49, 50. RTO RAE THATOR ON TOO HO THEO TOO ATTOTE OTE RAT H HATO RATOES Unit Two Pretest 2. Answers to the Unit Pretests b GoragaccsogsacagaagoasanscasagrachegTargTonaPOToORaS Unit Three Pretest PROTETAOR TH AToSOTHATAa THAN THO ATTA OTTO RT EEO REO AS Unit Four Pretest Beexauaene ul 12. 13. 4, 15. 16. 17. b gonecosagcocos ae 19, 20. 21 22, 23. 21. 28, 29. 30. 31. 32, 33, 38. 36. 37. 38. 39. 41. 42. 43. 45. 47. 50, ovarocacecoasosaccacsoasocascoac Unit Five Pretest aces oanso ges are Taos Tane THE TOOoaTOaRTAROeTOaR TO BATA 1893. Answers to the Chapter Activities Chapter 1 (Joseph Palmer) Chapter 8 (Animal Senses) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs Check! ‘Check? Check inContext. WordsiDefs. Check! Check 2 1b 6b 1269 Lb Gi I2gh 1d 6F La 6b L663 Le 6i I2ec Qa 7b 2476 2h 7a 34ej Ze Ta Xe Ta 24 75 2a Te F4hj Be &e 37 85 Rj BF Be 3a Be 39 88 Gd 8) SobzE 4c Oa 41 910 4c He Ob 4b OC 4192 42 Oh TRat Sale 5.8103 Sd ig 210 ic 1g 54 Wa S107 SF 1b O10 a1 Chapter 2 (Telephone Salespeople) Chapter 9 (Money Problems) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContent WordsiDefs Check! Check? Check in Context. WordsiDefs. Check Check2 Le 6b L463 Le 6b I2ea hi 6j La Gc 13 64 Ln 6d 12g 2b Te 2178 2i Th Z4df 2a Ze 2d Tb 2S 77 Za Ti F4eh 3a 8b 39 810 3d Be SHgi Ze BH Je BH IR RI Ze Ber Seid ka 9a 4697 4a 9j 78jb 4b Xe 4a Fa 49 910 4) 9b TReb Sc 1b 52105 SgWf HOhe SalOf SbWe 52106 SglOf M10. Chapter 3 (A Cruel Sport) Chapter 10 (The New French Employee) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext’ WordsiDefs Check] Check? Check inContext_ WordsiDefs Cheok! Check 2 Lb 6b 13 68 Li 6d I2de Lf 6d Le &b LS 61 Li OF LR Za Te 207.5 2 B4hj 2h 7b 2a Za 29 72 2h Te 34 bi Be Be 37 81 3, S6ia Be Rj Fb Rb Z1 RK 35 RE Shea 4a 9b 42.94 & T8fe 4a %g 4b 9b 4697 4e 9a ThE Sala 5.9106 5. 910. gb Sei Sela $4103 Sb1Od 910 8d Chapter 4 (Bald Is Beautiful) Chapter 11 (A Cruel Teacher) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext_ WordsiDefs Check! Check? Check inContext WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 Lb 6a 13 67 Ld 6f I2hg Lb 6&i La 6b 19 63 Le 6d 12g0 De Za 26 714 2b Tg Z4he 2d Te Ze 7b 24 710 2%b 75 F4 ji 3a 8b 39 88 Ze Bi SHda Ze Ba Za 8b 36 BI BF Be Sec 4b 9a 4195 4) Ve TRic 4e OF 4e 9a 4297 4a Oi TBH Sa lc 5.10102 Shia MObj SHIA] Salb S815 Sc 1h F1Obf Chapter § (No Luck With Women) Chapter 12 (It’s Never Too Late) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence _—_ Final Ten Word Pts Matching Sentence Sentence in Context. WordsiDefs Check! Check? Check inContext WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 Lb 6b L463 Lh 6j I2bh Le Be La Be LS 610 Le Of ldje Qa Tb 2826 2a Ze F4ec 2F Td 2b Tb 2973 2d 7i FHKE Be Re 31 81 3b Ri SHdg Zh Si Za Re 32 86 Fh RA SHid 4c 9a 4995 be Od TRIG 4a %b 4e Ha 48.97 4) OR TEKS Sal0b 5.7102 SgWf 91Ofa Sj 10g Sa lb 5.1104 Se Wa 9106, Chapter 6 (A Taste of Parenthood) Chapter 13 (Learning to Study) Ten Word Pts Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs Check! Check? Check inContex WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 1b 6b 11064 Lb 6g 12di Lh Bg Lb 6b 19 62 Ze 7b 2871 2h TF 34¥ef 2} Ze Ze 7a 21 7.10 Ba Ba 36 85 3d Be Shee Ra Be 3b Be 34 86 4a %e 42.93 4) Oa TRB 4b Oi 4a 1b 43 9.5 Sb 5.9107 Sj We M10 ja Sf 10d 5.b10% 5810.7 Chapter 7 (Accident and Recovery) Chapter 14 (The Mad Monk) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence Final Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs Check) Check? Check inContext WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 1b 6c 14.69 La Of L2ja Ld 6h Le Ga 13 610 Le Bc i2ga Qa Te 271 Ze Th FHKE Za Tj 2a 7b 2475 2a 7h H4he Be 8b 3285 3d Fi SHed Ze Rg 3b Kb ZT RO 35 Bi S6de 4a 9b 48.97 4b 9e 78eb 41 OF 4a Oe 4691 4495 FBID Sb 10a 5.6103 Sc 10j SIG) SbiWe Sela 52108 Sf We MOI 190Chapter 15 (Conflict Over Holidays) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence Final inConrext WordsiDefs Check! Check? Check Le &a L463 Ld 6f 12b6h Le 6 Qa tb 29 7 2e 7g S4aj Bi 7. 3b fa 26 88 Fh Bb S&ar AF 8 4b 9b 41.92 4) Xe TREE 45 9. Sewe S517 Sati 91di 5.410. Chapter 16 (Dr, Martin Luther King, Jr:) Ten Words Matching Sentence Semence Final inContext Words!Defs Check Check? Check lb 6a 1462 Ld 6h 12g8b Lb 6 Ze Tb 2178 2e Ta Shed Th 7. Ze 8c 39 86 ZF Rb SHjK Fg 8 4a Sa 47 910 42 95 THEL Heo Sec 53105 Se 101 OWai 5. 10 Chapter 17 (Relating to Parents) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence Final inContext WordsiDefs Check Check2._—- Check Le 6a 1a 61 Lf 6c Tag Li 6 Qa 2b 2675 2a 7i S4he Dh 7, 3a 8b 39 810 3b Rd FORK Ze & Ab Ge 48.93 4e 95 FRde 4b 9 Selb 5.2107 Sg Ih 104; 5. 10. Chapter 18 (Held Back by Fears) Ten Word Pts Matching Sentence Sentence Final fn Context WordsIDefs. Check! Check 2 Le 6b 1.7 66 Lf 68 Lb 6 2b Ze 24 721 Ze 2b 2h 7. 3b Re FO RO 3a BY Re 8 4a 9a 48.93 Ge Od Bb aid 9. Sa l0a S$2105 5.1 Wh 104d 5) 10. Chapter 19 (Interview with a Rude Star) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence inConenr WordsiDefs Check! Check? 1b 6c 19 61 Le Ba bad Zaha 2478 2) Tb S4hi Ze 8b 3227 Xe Be SHfa ha Me 45 93 4h 9d Tce Se le 5.10106 SF 101 910.6; Chapter 20 (The Nightmare of Gym) TenWords ManchingSemtence Sentence Final. inContext WordsiDefs Check? Check La 6a 16 61 Lb 6&f Iai Lt 6 Qe 7b 23 78 2) 7g F4hb Ze 7 Rb Sa 37.82 Ra Be S6dg 3b 8 de %e 4195 +4e 9d TRE 4h D Selb 5410.9 Ss Wh O10 je Sj 10. Chapter 21 (Skipping Church) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence Final inConsee Words/Defs. Check! Check. Check Le 6a 15 68 Le 6b 12he Lh & Ze Tb 2172 2e Th FeBR ZiT Bb 8e 3689 Fd Be S6aj 35 8 4b 8a 43.97 4a OF TRde 4f 9. Selb 510104 Sf 105 MIDie Se 10. Chapter 22 (A Model Teacher) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence ‘Final. jnContext WordsiDefs Check} Check2 Check 1b 6b 1763 Lj 6h I2jd Le 6. Qe 72a 2672 2a 2g S4ef 2h 7. Ba 8b F9 RS FA Re SHI Fi 8 4a 9b £198 4) Oc Tag 4d 9. Scie S1010.4 Sb1OF O10.eb 5b 10, Answers to the Chapter Activities Chapter 23 (My Talented Roommate) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence in Context WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 Le 6b 16 68 La 6g 12ic Qa Ta 2379 2i 7) 34 fe 3b 8c 3781 Ze Sh Sey Ae Ma 45.92 4b Oe 78eh Sc 1a S104 Sf 10d o10ad Chapter 24 (Fascinating Courses) Ten Word Pts Matching Sentence Sentence inContext, WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 1b 6c 16 65 Le 6j bait Ze 7b 29 710 2e 7F S4icg Ze 8a 31 87 32 8b SoGh 4a Ob 4894 4a 9d 78.b0 Sa Wa 5.3102 Si 10h 910ed Chapter 25 (Cal and His Sisters) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence inContext_ WordsiDefs Check! Check2 La 6c 15 62 Lj 6g Idag Qe Ta 2179 2b 7e 34 ba Ba Se 37.84 Za Bi Seid 4b 9b 43.98 4e 94d F8je 5b 10b 5.10106 Sf 10h S10.Th Chapter 26 (Shoplifter) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence inContext. WordsiDefs. Check! Check 2 La 6a 13 6.10 1-2. Ge Ta Te 26 75 34 jb Be 8b 37 82 56. ah eo Ve 49 08 78 af 5b ia 5110.4 oid Chapter 27 (A Nutty Newspaper Office) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs. Check] Check 2 Lb 6a 16 68 Vb 6 b2hi Za Ta 2172 Fh 7 Sale 3b Be 35 89 Ze 8a Soja de Ve 41094 4d Oi 78 Ke Se ib S317 SF We HO Chapter 28 (Roughing It) TenWords Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs Check] Check 2 Le 6c 1962 Lj 6b bic 2b 7a 2675 2e Th 3440 Ze Bb 38 KW Ri BE SH Rj 4a Oa 43.94 4a 9g 78b0 Se We 5110.7 Sd tc %10.eh Chapter 29 (Getting Scared) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext WordsiDefs Check! Check Lb 6b 17 62 Li 65 12aj Ze Ta 276 2d re 34ab Bb Be R183 Fb Ba SHB Ba Se 8998 Fe 9e TBhe Selb 54105 SHS SOE Chapter 30 (My Sister’s Date) Ten Words Matching Sentence Sentence inContext_ WordsiDefs Check! Check 2 fe 6b 14 610 1m Gi Phe 2b Ta 2779 Xe Ti F4heg Za Be 38 RI Rb RI SHbT 4b 9b 45.93 4F Ge TRad Sc 106 5.2106 Sa ig 210ih ecacm ce aoe sooo woeoe Goes spaces Seoom192 ue 3. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Bee Naya DN ce eaco acco 4, Answers to the Posttest of the Whole Book 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 3) 32. 33. 34, 35. 36. 37. 38, 39. 40. 4 42. 43, 44, 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 5. 52. 53. 54, 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 6). 62. 63. 64, 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. n. 7B. 74. 15. ° co crcaaca cangegee 16. 7. 28. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89, 91. 92. 93. 94, 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100.B List of Words and Word Parts Note: Word parts are in italics. absolve v. et. tt abstain v. (Fi sR seas) acclaim nm. GRR. Ys MbRe adamant adj. "Ec 6¥¢ft adjacent adj. iti), Meet affiliate v. Hin A (1% bl) agnostic 2. 46>) anie-z alleviate ¥. MU. PRA, #8 fu allusion n. At. We aloof adj. Yi), ae a REID altruistic adj. Bitwit). ALI ambivalent adj. (i;38) 4-189 amiable adj. sigs #0 amoral adj. 4°18 #8%f3 animosity 7. fhitt. see ann, enn dow “ty, antagonist 2. aT, &F appease v. lk, tet arbitrary adj. REDDER aspire ¥. 1&4, iftak assail ¥. cdi. ted aster, astro- Beri * Hi" vate Rais “8H I" “7A” attest v. lM, Aaa attribute n. WME $$ audi, audio- #7: “AM, EH. as” augment v. Si, 1k averse adj. Kathy avid adj. pk tt banal adj. piiiet, Pa —-HeR benefactor m. iABLA. BEBDA benevolent adj. si), #0089 benign adj. #FL, ‘ima dio- Br: “He bizarre adj. HePARHIY blasé adj. peste blatant adj. Heme cite blight 7». ening calamity n. 7%, si charisma n. #4) claim, clam i “Mm /nt” commemorate v. #2: complacent adj. F1is#t), iit EL fa comprehensive adj. sn. Be 8, Feat eey comprise ¥. concurrent adj fn condescend v. frit. fila condone v. conducive adj. ‘anit, #49 confiscate v. fie congenial adj. tsi), 0 consensus ". -B( RS HA) constitute ¥. une, #088. constrict v. 3, Mee contemplate v. Bf, 8 contemporary adj. “ftty contend v. FR, 13k contra #7 “Rett, EEA contrive v. 2 conventional adj. alta. ‘(Hit conversely adv. Hic, cor, cour #7 “is” covert adj, es iie(@0y) credible adj. atx. = %Eas cryptic adi. fst) cursory adj. SiH), HRA court adj. HEAD, EM curtail v, >, wT cycl, cyclo Berk “mitt, 88" cynic “n. ibe era decipher v. #iK default v. ARF, m2 deficient adj. #aasen deficit n. WE, RE degenerate v. 4, #68 demise n. demoralize v. (kite depict ». ik) deplete v. HE. sf designate v. ik, tt deterrent”. ReME jie 4 detract v. s¢# detrimental adj. #0, "AI devastate v. #1, & Atm deviate v. 8%, (ua devoid adj. B, 84 di-, du. #7 "H" * digress v. 2 ype / 1 art went, He dilemma ”. WHR, @58 diligent adj. ayant), aha discern ». th, weit disdain n. wb, AHL dispatch ¥. 36%, 96K dispel v. ifpn(e2) dissent. L278 diversion. iit. HK divulge v. 8% -dom 7 “BU, Hep, SAR” dwindle v. seb eccentric adj.. E10, BEAM elation m. siete elicit v. Ii, #ESPtH empathy 7. [tyes lit encounter n. Bhi J, ah Aes endow v. SF, engross ¥. kal Ailsa, fA G4m FUE enhance v. #2k, Sin(/28) enigma n. geet, ix epitome n. SI, 1, Hi er, -or BAR “Be Z AT escalate v. EH. Ik, (LET esteem 7”. a, Beat euphemism n. stig evoke v. HEAP MECRIIL, mes) exemplify v. falas, i ig 8H exhaustive adj. (FR ati, S/R ff explicit adj. is, sim exploit v. #i/i1 expulsion 7. 4G, sgt4 extrovert 7. SFE#, HM ShI a facade n. (83%) Eki fallible adj. 2 388#) falter v. aR, ie feasible adj. witty, ehh feign v. Ri. WH fin im “IR, sete” fiscal adj. (akitrvtEit) flagrant adj. s13E09, 81 HeharY flaunt v. G2, 7 flex, flect 7% "ity, AR” flippant adj, sobtt, s2i74t9 fluctuate v. wa), dete-aea 193194 fore, fort ex: "38" formulate v. se), 48(1 8) frenzy n. mz furtive adj. it fy Be HERON” “Re “gamy Bis “Wig” “Ht” gape». HIRT RADA Barble v. ih. Bak gaunt adj. seis Benial adj. ANB alee), sRbIN geo- dom “HbER” * ttth” ist mE, EA. AMT glib adj. fbi Zitéo, 1 ait iHey gloat v. Ciel, Hise habitat 7”. ML. “158, hamper v. jilé, Ws haughty adj. get3rs shood iis “Ras. AWE hum Bax “A” hyper- ik “MIN. ART. ike hypothetical adj. miki), eM ile, im 4% “WA, immaculate adj. Xa) passe n. ANE. KG plausible adj. #vLae (att implication n. Wek, Wet implicit adj. warnHMy, & eet implore v. Sok, 8 improvise v. HUQ. Vik 3) incentive nm. jadi, Bi, tele inclination nm. isl. st, ete incoherent adj. Wit Si, Aa BRAY incorporate v. #2" @4#. (RA indispensable adj. tts, Z7cay> ty inequity ». FAI, BAe infamous odj. 9 88 21 infirmity». sei, sae infringe ». #250, fe infuriate v. me inhibition 7. si innovation ». 384 intercede v. iif, {UIAR interim n. ia intermittent adj. iaSktesty, PRIME io] intimidate v. 20r, tar intricate adj. ‘M#WrHatt), Herm 9 intrinsic adj. rygetts. 80H) introvert 1. AURIRIA, AR 2ebRe irate, adj. sei), tatty ironic, adj. HivFaRH vish Boi RAIL AS BREE fa jeopardize v. feat, (abr eee ih latent adj. aeeety List of Words and Word Parts legacy n. iti” libel n. ipistecF) longevity ». 4% lucrative adj. sey). "1: #)Rty ely BAR Uh IK magni-, magn- #78 *k” magnitude 7. i, Bue malign v.48, solr mandatory adj. Zim‘ mediate ¥. tii menial adj. “¢& hilt, -PHLiENY mercenary adj. aise, dust methodical adj. #14580. mis- R78 “Big mobile adj. sits. abt mortify ». HERS. HER if mundane adj. 4.1), ‘att muted adj. Aun, Caasthunts niche 1. @a((1me nocturnal adj. vets, #eéfs nominal adj. (i) R70 iat non- #7is “4B, AAR” nullify v. (A, BEB nurture v. ef, #0 obscure adj. “ifi48A. 1A obsolete adj. Hit, igik ominous adj. 7 +A) omni- &ax * 286, 1) orient v. +a 1l/ fit pacify v. 200. HFK paradox n. (tl4iiilt pater, patri- 27% * 523%" path, -pathy 27 “hh. seit” pathetic adj. wraky, Ita pend #7 * £48" perception ”. iin, #ik persevere ¥. 8h. SEER Phob Bai “2-18” plagiarism ». Rigs poignant adj. Bxie3. izbnty ponder v. 84, Ajie Pop ax “MA” Pragmatic adj. 3-705. mat) Precedent 7. (91, itfAl predominant adj. 4:9 (4 prerequisite WHE, Zest pretentious adj. 41a 7L, ffl prevalent adj. Ht7. W(t, ®saiN) pro- #7 “Paty” prompt v. (&(&. #82), shih Prone adj. tia), BPA proponent 7». £392 pseudonym n. Fe psych-, psycho- dri “AS, 178" Punitive adj. ein qualm 7. vk, (FL quart, quadr- %: quest n. #28, HER Tapport 2. *h, HR INV = #4 a ee % rationale nm. shi, aE recession 1. (£4i)¥6ilt reconcile v. (HE, (EMM, ce r rect devi “tH. 1B” redundant adj. it ft, iti rehabilitate v. (ti. ile relentless adj. fjn)tiiy, see render v. fen, BEA repertoire 7. A681 (\511) reprisal n.d retaliate v. fa, Md retort v. /i4i. 8@ revitalize v. (#71, (EAMG revulsion n._ VE. BZN rigor . ay rupture v. RUE, eH sabotage v. Wish sanctuary ”. iB saturate ¥. (fim scrutiny m. Met. 4 secular adj. {h:iat(M Zeit) semi- Bix 7" shun v. 87 ibling nm. si4s( MUL), Iolite simulate v. #1. dis sinister adj. actA, ‘hae smug adj. fim et) sneer ¥. HR. HA sparse adj. fifty, Riis speculate v. HEIN. 40H squander v. ife% subjective adj. 4:08 subsequent adj. BONif!), 1m HY succinct adj. itt succumb v. fii. Hiesk suffice v. ALB. ili ¥R syndrome 7. £éri, iret taint v. shig. WOR tangible adj. fits, 47 R¢609 terminate v. (#ik, 4 the, theo- kai "3" transcend ¥. itt transient adj. i940 traumatic adj. (HAA. & Agi Ta) turmoil”. iil, sah venture ¥. CF, RL, Bei viable adj. Wo! tts vile adj. befits vindictive adj. tiem). a0 virile adj. #195 "CEH vivacious adj. isiktty vulnerable adj. 92Mzwanty waive ¥. tig -ward 7% *F~-15" wary adj. i380). “vi zeal n. thth. JANE. Hh weveVOCABULARY PERFORMANCE CHART Chapters Sentence Final Sentence Final Sentence Final Check 2 Check Check 2 Check Check 2 Check 1 ul 2 2 mo 22 _ 3 - 13 23 4 14 24 5 15 25 6 16 26 7 7 7 8 Woo wo 9 9 29 10 20 30 _ Unit Tests Test | Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Unit One —_ — —_ Unit Two _ — — — Unit Three _ — — — Unit Four Unit FiveBe DDG ME SCE ake ete ou Rt EE Pah ema ee eae ee aie S| CIE ec ee eee ee OL eee Se eee ee Pie PE Stee EUR ME Ec eS iol ede ee AG. CGS Re ee ee Pe ie 00 SN Sd PERE GL ae ihc tee nL ae ae Baia Se st SSB Ure Ee ada sel A SOA Sol ch Pe ake a he ale ae AraC CPE ea ee set Le le ES dL Oe eke Ak tem bt ah a trod ea Bea ok CD Os Te Pe Kan oO Se Se Te ae ad ES ae eC ee SL Le ae alae RE ao eee Oe alee eae a cok TL ce BD Race Sam eee ae! Books in the Townsend Press Vocabulary Series: A Comprehensive Vocabulary Program Vocabulary Basics Groundwork for a Bettor Vocabulary a erg ae Maiprovitas er SUS o Advanced Word Power