CHAPTER II:

EVALUATION, DESIGN AND FRAMEWORK

In this chapter, you will know the main background of our product. We will

also show you how it works and it was made. Using methodologies,

dependent, independent and other article the researchers may prove that this

herbal medicine is effectively to kill the said microorganisms.

Discussion of expected Output and Justification

This experiment is all about the help of the ingredients in a low amount of

prize. Our psidium guajava extract is our main ingredient to make an anti-

bacterial . The researchers conduct this output (herbal tea) because tea can

prevent diarrhea. It is affordable and easy to make. The researchers want to

prove that herbal tea with main ingredient Blumea balsamifera (Sambong) is

effective in killing Escherichia coli (E.coli). The researchers expect that the

possible result is perfect.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Blumea balsamifera
- An herbal medicine usually grows in the Philippines in open grasslands, and a

widely used herbal treatment country. Known for remarkable treatment for

kidney stones, rheumatism, coughs and colds, hypertension, heart disease

and anti-diarrhea.

Diarrhea

- Abnormally frequent and watery bowel movements caused by E. coli

Escherichia coli (E.coli)

- Bacteria normally live in the intestines of healthy people and animals.

Marginalize

- Poor than a poor.

Agar Plate

- Is a Petri dish that contains a growth medium (typically agar plus nutrients)

used to culture microorganismsor small plants like

the moss Physcomitrella patens.

Pathogenic bacteria

- Are bacteria that cause bacterial infection.

THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK

Based on the research, Blumea balsamifera is a source of

the flavonoids blumeatin, flavone and quercetin. Flavonoids or bioflavonoids

are plant pigments which act like antioxidants, protecting our cells and DNA
from being damaged by free radicals. Initial findings show that

the blumeatin extracted from sambong leaves may protect our liver from

damage. Still other studies show that extracts from sambong tend to inhibit

the growth of cancer cells, whether the cells be from mice or people.

Investigations further opened up the possibility that

the quercetin from sambong may be a strong antioxidant and inflammatory,

and have other anti-aging health benefits such as keeping skin supple and

looking young and healthy. Lastly, the actions of the antioxidant flavones may

prevent the development of cancer and heart disease. Sambong extracts also

display antifungal, antibacterial and antihistamine activities.

It is an astringent that can be used for the faster healing of cuts and

wounds, for post-partum baths and for bathing sensitive and painful areas

affected by rheumatism. It is an expectorant and sambong leaves can be

prepared as a herbal tea that helps relieve the symptoms of a cold by

expelling mucus and phlegm from the respiratory system.Like coffee and

tea, sambong is a diuretic that facilitates the removal of excess salt and water

from our bodies and helps to dissolve kidney stones Findings from clinical

studies conducted by the Philippine Department of Health support the

potential of sambong as a safe and effective way to treat kidney stones. The

Philippine National Kidney and Transplant Institute hasalready approved the

dialysis and kidney transplants. Health.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

I.P.O Paradigm

Input- In this study the researchers input is the Blumeabalsamifera leaves.

because the researcher cannot start without it. Then culturing the bacteria that

will be use to test Blumea balsamifera extract. Next the isolating the bacteria,

doing the product (tea), testing the product and then observe the result.
Output – After doing the process the researchers make a product that can

cure the diarrhea.

The Variables, Their definitions and importance of the study

Independent variable:

Blumea balsamifera – Blumea balsamifera (sambong) is an herbal medicine

usually grows in the Philippines in open grassland, and a widely used herbal

treatment in the country. It is known for its remarkable treatment for anti-

diarrhea and use from stomach problems indigestion and diarrhea spasm.

Dependent variable:

Blumea balsamifera Tea- in our culture tea is very effective alternative to

lessen the stomach cramp, taken as tea, the leaves of sambong help control

the diarrhea and relieve stomach pains. Some people also use the plant as a

drug for its hallugenic effect. The researchers use this for its tested and

recommended herbal medicine.

Chloramphenicol- is the controlled variable because it is has the standard of

significance. The researchers can say it is significance if it passed the

standard of the measure of the zone of inhibition of the controlled variable.

Importance of the study:

Is to control the number of people who involve in this case which is diarrhea

according to study the most prone on it are the people who actively to eat an

food which is contaminated or some water that is not totally filtered neither

raw .