Max-Part-1 Qa - 2in1

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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

Previous Year Questions and Detailed Solution −3 4 −3 −4 1) 0, 3a 2) 0, 4, -3a


3) X= 4)
14 −13 −14 13 3) 0, 4, 39 4) 0, 4, 4a
14. A matrix (aij) is said to be skew Hermition if 4 5 6 x
1. What are the values of x, y and z 7. If eigen values of the matrix A are 1, -1, 2 1) aij = aji 2)aij = −aji 5 6 7 y
respectively in which the matrix then 5, -1, 8 are the eigen values of the 21. Value of
6 7 8 z
x y z 0 matrix.
3) aij = −aji 4)aij = aji x y z 0
0 0 0 −1 1) A+4I 2) A2+4I
z x −y 0 isorthogonal? 15. If the elements of 3 parallel lines of a 1) (x+y+z)2 2) (x-y+z)2
−y z −x 0 3) 3A-2I 4) 3A+2I 3) (x+y-2z)2 4) (x-2y+z)2
determinant consist of m, n and p terms
1) 1,0,2 2) 2, 1,-1 8. Which of the quadratic forms in three
respectively, then the determinant can be 2 2 1
2 3 6 variablesis positive definite? 22. Eigen value of the matrix 1 3 1 are
3) 0,1,2 4)7 , 7 , 7 expressed as
1) 4x2+5y2 2) 2x2-5y2+7z2 1 2 2
4 21 3 2 2
3) 2x +5y +5z 2
4) –x2-2y2-7z2
1) the sum of m + n+p determinant 1) 5, 5, -3 2) 1, 1, 5
2. The rank of the matrix A = 6 34 7 is 2) the sum of m×n×p determinants 3) 0, 1, 6 4) 1, 2, 4
9. Which of the following Is the factor of the
2 10 1 3) the product of m + n+p determinants 3 5 2 4
1)4 2) 1 determinant?
a + b + 2c a b
4) the product of m×n×p determinants
23. Rank of the matrix 1 2 5 7 is
3) 2 4)3 16. If A and B are orthogonal matrices, then 6 10 4 8
c b + c + 2a b
3. Sum of the squares of the eigen values of 4 7 7 11
c a c + a + 2b 1) AB is orthogonal
3 4 4 1) one 2) two
1) a 2) a-b 2) AB is singular
0 2 6 is 3) three 4) four
3) a + b 4) a+b+c 3) AB is not orthogonal
0 0 5 24. If two matrices A and B are Equivalent, then
1) 10 2) 25 10. If a+b+c=0, one root of 4) AB is indeterminate
1) they are of same order
3) 38 4) 42 a−x c b 17. If λ is an eigen value of a matrix A, then
c b−x a =0 1 2) they are of the same rank
4. If some of the eigen values of the quadratic 1) λ is also an eigen value of A.
b a c−x 3) they have the same number of elements
form are positive and others negative then 1
1) x =1 2) x=2 2) λ is an eigen value of A-1. 4) they are of the same order and rank
the quadratic form is 3)x=a2+b2+c2 4) x=0 25. The characteristic equation of the marix
3) λ is an eigen value of A-1
1) positive semidefinite 11. If A is a 4×4 matrix. Any second order 5 2 −3
4) None of the above is true
2) indefinite minorof A has its value as 0. Then the rank 0 0 8 is λ3 − 12λ2 + 35λ − k = 0,
1 1 + i −1 + i
3) negative semidefinite 18. The matrix 2 is 0 0 7
of A is 1+i 1−i
4) negative definite' then k =
1) <2 2) = 2
5. If ax + by = lxy, cx + dy = mxy and 3) >2 4) anything 1) Hermition 2) Skew Hermitian
1) 12 2) 18
a b l b a l 2 0 0
3) 0 4) 5
∆= , ∆1= , ∆3= , then 3) Unitary 4) None of these
c d m d c m 12. Given A = 0 4 0 then the bc b + c 1
19. Value of the determinant 26. The value of ca c + a 1 =
thevalue of (x, y) are 0 0 8
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ a−b−c 2a 2a ab a + b 1
1) ,∆ 2) ,∆ determinantvalue of A-1 is
∆1 2 ∆2 1
1
2b (b − c − a) 2b is 1) (a-b)(b-c)(c-a) 2) abc
3)
∆1 ∆2
, 4)
∆2 ∆2
,
1) 32 2)
32 2c 2c (c − a − b) 3) 2 abc 4) 0
∆ ∆ ∆ ∆ 1
1 2 3 −1 3)64 4) 64 1) (a+b+3) 2) (a+b+c)2
3
6. Rank of the matrix 2 4 6 −2 is 3 1 5 −1 3) (a+b + c) 4) abc x−2 2x − 3 3x − 4
13. If X= then a+x a−x a−x 27. The equation x − 4 2x − 9 3x − 16 =
3 6 9 −3 4 1 2 3
1) 1 2) 2 −3 4 −3 −4 20. Solving : a − x a + x a − x = 0 values x−8 2x − 27 3x − 64
1) X = 2) a−x a−x a+x
3) 3 4) 4 14 13 −14 13 0 is satisfied if
of xare. 1) x=1 2) x=2
1 2
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

3) x=3 4) x=4 1 3) A2-BA+AB-B2 48. The product of the eigen values of the
3) 3,-1,5 4) 1,-1, 7
28. If AAT =1, then the matrix A is called 4) A2-AB + BA-B2 7 4 9
35. If A and B are two square matrices of the matrix 2 −6 5 is
1) Idempotent 42. If W is a cube root of unit, then a root of
same order than (A+B)(A-B) equals 4 3 −2
2) Symmetric matrix x+1 W W2
1) A2-B2 2) A2-AB-BA+B2 1) zero 2) 275
3) Orthogonal matrix theequation W x + W2 1 is
4) Tri-diagonal matrix W2 1 x+W 3) 84 4) 345
3) A2-BA+AB-B2 4) A2-AB+BA-B2 1) 0 2) 1 a−b−c 2a 2a
29. If A and B are square matrices of the same 49. 2b b−c−a 2b
36. The equation x+y=l, 2x+2y-2=0 have 3) -1 4) -W
order then (A + B)2 = 2c 2c c−a−b
1) no solution 43. The equations x+y=1, 2x+2y-2 = 0 have
1) A2 + B2+2AB 1) (a+b+c)3 2) 2(a+b+c)3
2) unique solution 1) no solution
2) A2 + B2 + AB + BA 3) 0 4) a3+b3+c3
3) only two solutions 2) unique solution
3) A2 + B2 + 2BA log 3 512 log 4 3 log 2 3 log 8 3
4) infinite number of solutions 3) only two solutions 50. is equal
4) B2+A2+AB+AB 2 1 1 log 3 8 log 4 9 log 3 4 log 3 4
a1 b1 c1 4) infinite number of solutions to
37. If the rank of 1 3 4 is 2, then the value
30. If A = a2 b2 c2 and A1, B1, C1,.... 44. If ∆=
6 8 x 1) 1 2) 6
a3 b3 c3 ofx is 1 cos θ 1 3) 10 4) 12
arecofactors of a1, b1, c1,.... then − cos θ 1 cos θ thentheva
1) 0 2) 1 51. If, a, b, c have all different values and
A1 B1 C1 −1 − cos θ 1
3) 5 4) 10 lueof ∆ lies in the interval given by a a2 a3 − 1
A2 B2 C2 = E) None of these b b2 b3 − 1
A3 B3 C3 1) 1≤∆≤1.5 2) 2≤∆≤4
1 1 1 c c2 c3 − 1
1) ∆ 2) ∆2 3) 12≤∆≤14 4) 0≤∆≤1
38. If A= 1 2 2 then the sum and product 1) abc=0 2) abc=l
3) ∆ 3
4) ∆4 1 2 3 45. If A is a (3×3) matrix such that detA=5, then 3) abc= 2 4) abc=2
31. If A and B are non-singular matrices and ofthe eigen values are respectively. the value of det (Adj A) is 2 0 0
AX=YB, then 1) 6 and 1 2) 1 and 6 1) 125 2) 25 52. If A= −1 3 0 then A.(ad] A) =
1) X=Y 2) X=YBA-1 3) 2 and 3 4) 1 and 3 3) 625 4) 5 6 0 4
1
3) X=A YB-1
4) Y=B-1AX 1 1 1 46. If the rank of the 0 0
−1 2 2 −2 2 −1 6 24
32. If the rank of the matrix of order 5×4 is 3, 39. The value of the determinant x y z 1
1) 24 0 3 0 2) 0 24 0
1
matrix 2 −4 −2 k is2 then K has
then the value of the determinant of the x2 y2 z2 0 0 4
0 1 −3 2 0 0 24
1
subsequence matrix of order 4 is is the value
1
l) 0 2) 1 1) (x-y)(y-x)(z-x) 2) xyz. 1) 3 2)4 24 0 0 2
0 0
3) 4 4) 5 3) x+y+z 3) 2 4) 1 3) 0 24 0 4) −1 3 0
0 0 24 2
33. The product of the eigen values of the 4) xyz(x-y)(y-z)(z-x) 1 1 1
3 0 2
1 0 2 40. If A is a square matrix of order n, then 47. IfA= 1 2 −3 then A(adj A) is
53. The product of the eigen value of the matrix
matrix 3 −1 0 is adj A 2 −1 3
A is 1 0 0 1 1 1 8 −6 2
0 1 2 |A|
1) 0 2) 2 1) A 2) A-1 1) 1 2 0 2) 0 2 −3 −6 7 −4 is
2 −1 3 0 0 3 2 −4 3
3) 4 4) 8 3) 1 4) | A|I 1) 45 2) 168
−11 0 0 1 0 0
34. If 1,-1, 5 are eigen values of the matrix A, 41. If A and B are two square matrices of the
3) 0 −11 0 4) 0 2 0 3) 21 4) 0
then eigen values of the matrix A-1+ 21 are same order, then (A+B)(A-B) equals 0 0 −11 0 0 3
11 1) A2-B2
1) 3, 1, 7 2) 3, 1, 5
2) A2-AB-BA+B2
3 4
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

0 2 3 4 DELTAILED SOLUTIONS 3−λ 4 4 b l


1
d m
⇒ 6 =0 Also y =
54. The rank of the matrix 0 0 0 6 0 2−λ b a
0 1 0 0 0 0 5−λ d c
1. (4) For orthogonal matrix, b a
0 0 1 0 ⇒ 3−λ 2−λ 5−λ = 0
x y z 0 x 0 z −y d c
⇒y= b l
1) 4 2) 3 ∴λ = 3, 2, 5
0 0 y 0 x z
3) 2 4) 1 i.e. z x 0 −1 d m
−y 0 z 0 y −x ∴ Sum of the squares of Eigen values −
a b
55. Given that the value of 9 for which the −y z −x 0 0 −1 0 0 = 32+22+52 c d
= l b
cos θ 0 sin θ 1 0 0 0 −
m d
= 9+4+25
0 1 0 ∆
= 0 1 0 0
matrix is orthogonal
= 38 =∆
− sin θ 0 cos θ 0 0 1 0 1
π 4. (2)If some of the Eigen values of the matrix ∆ ∆
1) 2 2) 0 0 0 0 1 ∴ (x, y) = ,
π x 2 + y 2 + z 2 …… … A of a quadratic form are positive and others ∆2 ∆1
3) 6 4) arbitrary
… …… … 6. (1)
⇒ …… …
negative, then the quadratic form is

1 −1 Determinant of any submatrix of order 2x2
56. If A= then which of the following … …… … Indefinite.
1 1 1 0 0 0 5. (2) ax + y = lxy and 3×3 of the given matrix is zero.
is true? Therefore rank of the given matrix is 1.
= 0 1 0 0
ax by
1) A2+2A+2I=0 2) A2+2A-2I=0 ⇒xy + xy = l
0 0 1 0 Method 2 :
2 2 a b
3) A -2A-2I=0 4) A -2A+2I=0 0 0 0 1 ⇒y + x = l 1 2 3 −1
1 0 From given choices in (4) A= 2 4 6 −2
57. Given that A= the sum of the b a
1 1 2
if x = 7; y = 7; z= 7
3 6 ⇒x + y = l ..... (1) 3 6 9 −3
n
elements in A is 1 2 3 −1 R → R − 2R
1) 2n 2) 3n then, x2+y2+z2 Similarly ~ 0 0 0 0 2 2 1
4 9 36 cx + dy = mxy R 3 → R 3 − 3R1
3) n+2 4) n+3 = + + =1 0 0 0 0
49 49 49 d c
K 1 2 ∴Required values: x
+ y = m .... (2) This equivalent matrix is in the Echelon
58. If the matrix 1 2 0.5 has an eigen 2 3 6 ∴ By Cramer s Rule, solutions of (1) and (2)
form. Since the number of non-zero rows of
x = 7; y = 7; z= 7
1 2 3 the matrix in the Echelon form is 1, implies
4 2 13 are given by
valueλ= 1, then the value of k is rank of A = l.
2. (3) A = 6 3 47 l a
1) 0.5 2) -0.5 1 7. (4)
2 1 01 = m c
3) 2 4) -2
1 2 4 3 x b a If λ1 , λ2 , … , λn ,are Eigen values of A. then
59. Given that (1 2 3)T is an eigen vector for the ~ 4 3 6 7 C1 ⟷ C3 d c kA has Eigen values
2 3 −1 b l
0 1 2 1 d m 1 kλ1, kλ2, ..., kλn
matrix 3 2 1 the corresponding eigen 1 2 4 3 and y = b a
d c
A+kl has Eigen values
2 2 2 ~ 0 −5 −10 −5 R 2 → R 2 − 4R1 l a k+λ1, k+λ2,... k + λn
1) 2 2) 5 0 1 2 1 1
Now, = mb c
a Given A has Eigen values 1, -1, 2
3) 4 4) 3 1 2 4 3 R2 x
d c ∴3A has Eigen values 3, -3, 6
60. If A is a square matrix of order 3 and det ~ 0 −5 −10 −5 R 3 → R 3 + b a
5
A=2 then det (Adj A) = 0 0 0 0 ⇒x= l ad c Now
There are two non zero rows. m c 3A+2I has Eigen values
1) 2 2) 4
Therefore the rank = 2 a b 3 + 2, -3 + 2, 6+2 = 5, -1, 8

3) 8 4) 6 = ac dl
3. (3) − 8. (3)
c m
Characteristic equation is A − λI = 0 ∆ Consider 2x2+5y2+5z2
=∆
2

5 6
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

Clearly this is a quadratic form with three [∵ In this problem given a+b+c=0] 16. (1) =
variables. A quadratic form is said to be ∴ x=0 is a root. A square matrix A is called orthogonal 1 0 0
positive definite if rank of A = number of 11. (1) matrix if the product of the matrix and its (a + b + c) 2b −a − b − c 0
positive square terms in the canonical form Since any second order minor of A=0, the transpose AT is an identity matrix, i.e., AAT 2c 2c −a − b − c
Positive square terms in 2x2+5y2+5z2 is 3 ... rank of A<2. =1
= (a+b+c) [(a+b+c]2-0]
(1) 12. (3) Suppose A and B are orthogonal matrices
= (a+b+c)3
2 0 0 2 0 0 Then AAT = ATA = I
Now A = 0 5 0 A= 0 4 0 20. (1)
BBT = BTB = I
0 0 5 0 0 8 a+x a−x a−x
Now a−x a+x a−x =0
since |A| = 50 ≠ 0 A = 2×4×8 = 64
(AB)(AB)T = ABBTAT a−x a−x a+x
⇒ rank A = 3 FormulaAA−1 = 1
= A(BBT)AT = AIAT = AAT = 1 C1 → C1 + C2 + C3
Since (1) = (2) implies the given expression ⇒ AA−1 = I 17. (2) 3a − x a − x a − x
is a positive definite. ⇒ A A−1 = 1 1 ⇒ 3a − x a + x a − x = 0
1 If λ is an Eigen value of the matrix A, then λ
9. (4) ⇒ A−1 = -1
3a − x a − x a + x
A
a + b + 2c a b is an Eigen value of A 1 a−x a−x
1
c b + c + 2a b ⇒ A−1 = 64 18. (3) ⇒ 3a – x) 1 a + x a − x =0
c a c + a + 2b 13. (3) 1 1 + i −1 + i 1 a−x a+x
A=2
= 3 1 5 −1 1+i 1−i R 2 → R 2 − R1
a+b+c c a b X= T 1 1−i 1−i R 3 → R 3 − R1
4 1 2 3 A* = A = 2
c a+b+c a b −1 − i 1 + i 1 a−x a−x
3 1 −1 5 −1 1 1 + i −1 + i 1−i 1−i
c a a+b+c b ⇒X= .... (1) ⇒ 3a – x) 0 2x 0 =0
4 1 2 3 AA*= 4
1 + i 1 − i −1 − i 1 + i
3 1 0 0 2x
put a+b+c, = 0 Let A = 1 2+2 2−2
c a b 4 1 =4 ⇒ (3a – x) (4x2 – 0) = 0
2−2 2+2
⇒c a b | A | = 3 – 4 = -1 1 4 0 ⇒x=0 (or) x=3a
1 1 −1 =4
c a b A-1 = −1 0 4 21. (4)
= 0 [∵ two rows are identical] −4 3 1 0 4 5 6 x
−1 1 =
⇒a+b+c is a factor. = 0 1 5 6 7 y
4 −3 ∴ A is unitary. 6 7 8 z
10. (4) ∴ (1) ⇒ x y z 0
a−x c b 19. (3)
−1 1 5 −1 R 2 → R 2 − R1
c b−x a X= a−b−c 2a 2a
4 −3 2 3 R 3 → R 3 − R1
b a c−x −3 4 2b (b − c − a) 2b
= 2c 2c (c − a − b) 4 5 6 x
put x=0 then 14 −13
a c b 14. (3) R1 → R1 + R 2 + R 3 ⇒ 1 1 1 y−x
c b a 2 2 2 z−x
A square matrix A = [aij] is said to be skew - a−b−c 2a 2a x y z 0
b a c Hermition if the (i, j)th element of A is equal 2b (b − c − a) 2b
⇒ Interchanging R1 and R3
R1→ R1+R2+R3
to the negative of the conjugate complex of 2c 2c (c − a − b) 2 2 2 z−x
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
c b a the (j, i)th element of A 1 1 1 − 1 1 1 y−x
i.e.,aij = −aij for all i, j = (a + b + c_ 2b b − c − a 2b 4 5 6 x
b a c x y z 0
0 0 0 15. (1) 2c 2c c−a−b
C2 → C2 − C1 R1 → R1 − 2R 2
⇒ c b a =0 Total determinants = m + n + p
b a c C3 → C3 − C1
7 8
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

0 0 0 z + x − 2y Now, ⇒ 5λ2 − 35λ − λ3 + 7λ2 = 0 28. (3)


1 1 1 y−x λ2 − 6λ + 5 = λ − 1 λ2 − 6λ + 5 ⇒ −λ3 + 12λ3 − 35λ = 0 AAT = I, then the matrix A is called an
=−
4 5 6 x ⇒λ = 1, 5 are roots ⇒λ3 − 12λ + 35λ = 0...(1) orthogonal matrix.
x y z 0
∴Roots of λ3 -7λ2 +11λ-5 = 1, 1,5 But the given characteristic equation is 29. (2)
Expanding through R1
1 1 1 ∴Eigen values = 1, 1, 5 λ3 − 12λ2 + 35λ − k = 0 ...(2)comparing If A and B are square matrices of the same
= + (x + z – 2y) 4 5 6 23. (2) (1) and (2) order then
x y z 3 5 2 4 k=0 (A+B)2 = (A+B)(A+B)
z + x − 2y 5z − 6y + 6x − 4z + 4y 1 2 5 7 26. (1) = A2+AB + BA + B2
6 10 4 8 bc b + c 1 = A2+B2+AB + BA
− 5x 4 7 7 11
= x + z − 2y 2 ca c + a 1 30. (2)
R 2 ⟷ R1
ab a + b 1 Standard Result:
22. (2) 1 2 5 7 R 2 ⟷ R 2 − R1 a1 b1 c1
Characteristic equation is ~ 3 5 2 4
R 3 ⟷ R 3 − R1 If ∆ = a2 b2 c2
2−λ 2 1 6 10 4 8
4 7 7 11 bc b+c 1 a3 b3 c3
1 3−λ 1 =0
1 2 2+λ R 2 → R 2 − 3R1 = c(a − b) a − b 0 and A1, B1, C1, ..., are cofactors of a1, b1, c1,
2−λ 3−λ 2−λ −2 − R 3 → R 3 − 6R1 b(a − c) a − c 0 A1 B1 C1
R 4 → R 4 − 4R1 bc b + c 1 ....then A2 B2 C2 = ∆2
2 2−λ−1 +1 2−3+λ =0
= (a – b) (a –c) c 1 0 A3 B3 C3
⇒ 2 − λ 6 − 3λ − 2λ + λ2 − 2 − 2 + 1 2 5 7
b 1 0
2λ − 1 + λ = 0 ~ 0 −1 −13 −17 31. (3)
= (a – b) (a – c) [bc (0 – 0) 0 (b + c) (0 – 0)
0 −2 −26 −34 Given A and B are non-singular matrices.
⇒ 2 − λ λ2 − 5λ + 4 + 3λ − 3 = 0 0 −1 −13 −17 + (c – b)
This implies A-1 and B-1 exists.
⇒2λ2 − 10λ + 8 − λ3 + 5λ2 − 4λ + 3λ − 3 R 3 → R 3 − 2R1 = (a – b) (a – c) (c – b)
Now AX = YB
=0 R 4 → R 4 − R1 = (a – b) (b – c) (c – a)
⇒ A-1AX = A-1YB
⇒λ3 + 7λ2 − 11λ + 5 = 0 1 2 5 7 27. (4)
⇒ X = A-1YB
⇒ -λ3 − 7λ2 + 11λ − 5 = 0 ~ 0 −1 −13 −14 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
put λ = 1 then 0 0 0 0 x − 4 2x − 9 3x − 16 = 0 32. (1)
0 0 0 0 x − 8 2x − 27 3x − 64 The rank of a matrix is r, if all the minors of
13 – 7(1)2+11(1)-5 = 0
This is in Echelon form R 2 → R 2 − R1 order greater than or equal to (r+1) is zero.
∴λ = 1 is a root
It has two non zero rows. R 3 → R 3 − R1 Given matrix is of order 5×4 its rank is 3.
Now,
∴Rank = 2 x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4 ∴The value of the minors of order 4 is zero.
24. (4) ⇒ −2 −6 −12 = 0 33. (3)
If two matrices A and B are EQUIVALENT, −6 −24 −60 Result:
x − 2 2x − 3 3x − 4
then they are of the same order and rank. Product of the Eigen value of a matrix A =
⇒ 1 3 6 =0
25. (3) 1 4 10 determinant of A
Characteristic equation is ⇒ 𝑥 − 2 30 − 24 − 2𝑥 − 3 10 − 6 + 1 0 2
5−λ 2 −3 Given A = 3 −1 0
3𝑥 − 4 4 − 3 = 0
0 0−λ 8 =0 0 1 2
⇒ 𝑥 − 2 6 − 2𝑥 − 3 4 + ∴Product of Eigen value
0 0 7−λ
⇒ 5 − λ −λ 7 − λ − 0 − 2 0 − 0 − 3𝑥 − 4 . 1 = 0 = |A| = 1 (-2 – 0)
∴λ3 − 7λ2 + 11λ − 5 = λ − 1 λ2 − 6λ + ⇒ x – 4 =0
3 0−0 =0 = -0 + 2 (3 – 0)
5 ⇒x=4
5 − λ λ2 − 7λ =0 = -2 + 6 = 4
9 10
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

34. (2) 1 1 1 43. (4) A (adj A) = | A| I3


If λ1 , λ2 , … , λn are the Eigen values of a = 1 2 2 x+y = 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 2 3 2x+2y =2 =0 A = 1 2 −3
matrix Aof order n thenλ , λ , … . λ ,are the
1 2 n = (6 - 4) - (3 - 2) + (2-2)
⇒x+y = 1 2 −1 3
-1
Eigen valuesof A = 2-1+0 = 1 |A| = 1 (6 – 3) – 1 (3 + 6)+ 1 (-1 – 4)
Both represent same equation
If 1, -1, 5 are Eigen values of matrix A, 39. (1) =3–9–5
1 1 1 1 Now x+y= 1 ⇒ y=1-x for different values of
then1 , −1 , 5(i.e.) 1, -1, are Eigen values of 1 1 1 = -11
5 x, we get values of y
∆= x y z ∴ A (adj A) = |A| I3
A-1 ∴The equations have infinite number of
x2 y2 z2 1 0 0
∴Eigen values of A-1+2I are solutions. = (- 11) 0 1 0
1 11 C1 → C1 − C3 ; C2 → C2 − C3
1+2, -1+2, +2 = 3, 1,
5 5 0 0 1
44. (2) 0 0 1
1 cos θ 1 −11 0 0
35. (4) ∴ ∆= x − z y−z z ∆ = − cos θ 1 cos θ = 0 −11 0
A and B are two square matrices of the same x2 − z2 y2 − z2 z2 −1 − cos θ 1 0 0 −11
order ‘n’ then Taking you (x-z) common from C1 and (y- = 1 (1 + cos2θ) – cos θ (- cos θ+ cos θ)+1 48. (4)
(A+BMA-B) = A2-AB+BA-B2 z)common from c2 (cos2θ+1) Formula:
36. (4) 0 0 1 = 2 (1 + cos2θ Product of the Eigen value of a matrix A
Given equations are ∆ = (x-z)(y-z) 1 1 z Now, = determinant of the matrix A
x+y=1 (x + z) (y + z) z 2 0 ≤ cos2θ≤1 7 4 9
2x + 2y = 2 =(x – z) (y – z) ((y + z) – (x + z)) ⇒ 2 (1+0) ≤ 2 (1 + cos2θ) ≤ 2 (1 + 1) A = 2 −6 5
1 1 = (x – z) (y – z) (y – x) ⇒ 2 ≤∆≤ 4 4 3 −2
∴∆ = =0
2 2 = (x – y) (y – z) (z – x) = 7(12 − 15) − 4(−4 − 20) + 9(6 + 24)
∴ The system has infinite number of 45. (2)
40. (3) = −21 + 96 + 270 = 345
Result:
solutions. adj A 49. (1)
A−1 = If det A = ∆ then
37. (4) |A| a−b−c 2a 2a
Rank is 2 det (adj A) = ∆2 ∆= 2b b−c−a 2b
adj A
∴A = AA−1 = 1 Given det A = 5 2c 2c c−a−b
⇒ Any submatrix of 3×3 = C 2 1 1' |A|
2 1 1 41. (4) ∴det (adj A) = 25
∴ 1 3 4 =0 (A + B) (A – B) = A2 – AB + BA – B2 46. (2) 1 1 1
6 8 x 42. (1) Since the rank of the matrix is2, atleast one = (a + b + c) 2b b − c − a 2b
⇒ 2(3x-32)-(x-24) + (8-18) 2c 2c c−a−b
x+1 w w2 minor of the given matrix of order 2 is not
⇒6x – 64 – x+24 -10 = 0 C2 → C2 − C1
w x + w2 1 zero and every minor of the matrix of order
⇒ 5x-50 = 0 w2 1 x+w C3 → C3 − C1
greater than 2 is zero, i.e., any minor of
∴x = 10 C1 → C1 + C2 + C3 = (a + b
order 3 is zero.
x + 1 + w + w2 w w2 2 1 −2 1 0 0
38. (1)
= x + 1 + w + w2 w2 1 ∴ −4 −2 k = 0 + c) 2b −b − c − a 0
Sum of Eigen values 2a 0 −c − a − b
= Trace of A x + 1 + w + w2 1 w 1 −3 2
0 w w2 = (a + b + c) [(-b – c – a) (-c – a – b)]
2(−4 + 3k) − (−8 − k) − 2(12 + 2) = 0
= Sum of the main diagonal elemenis = 0 w2 1 ∵ 1 + w + w = 0 2 = (a + b + c)3
=1+2+3 = 6 ⇒ −8 + 6𝑘 + 8 + 𝑘 − 24 − 4 = 0
0 1 w ⇒ 7k = 28 ⇒k = 4
50. (3)
Product of Eigen values =0 Formula:
47. (3)
= determinant of A ∴ x = 0 is a root log b
log2b =log e a =
log b
Formula: e log a
11 12
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Determinants and Matrices Determinants and Matrices

Given product is equal to = (abc – 1) (b –a) (c- a) (c + a – b – a) = 0 0 2 3 4 1 0 1 0


A3 = A2 A =
log 512 log 3 log 3 log 3 = (abc – 1) (a –b) (b – c) (c – a) =0 |A| = 1 0 0 6 2 1 1 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
log 3 log 4 log 2 log 8 = (abc-1) a b-a c-a *0 =
0 0 1 0 3 1
log 8 log 9 log 4 log 4 a, b, c have all different values ⇒ (a-b)(b- 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
A4 = A3 A =
log 3 log 4 log 3 log 3 3 1 1 1
= 2 0 1 0
c)(c-a)≠0
log 512 log 9 log 3 log 8 = abc-1 = 0 3 0 0 1 1 0
= × log 4 − log 4 log 3 × =
log 3
⇒ abc = 1 4 6 0 0 4 1
log 3 log 4 log 3 log 4 2 1 0 1 0
× log 3 − log 8 log 3 52. (3) An =
log 2 =0–1 3 0 1 +0–0 n 1
9 log 2 2 log 3 log 3 3 log 2 Formula: ∴ Sum of elements in An = (n + 2)
= × − × × 4 0 0
log 3 2 log 2 2 log 2 log 3 If A is any - n rowed square matrix then = -1 × (-1× (-4) + 0)
log 3 2 log 2 log 3 2 log 2
× − × A.(adj A) = (adj A) A = -4 since |A|≠ 0 58. (1) Characteristic equation is given by
log 2 log 3 3 log 2 log 3
3 2 = | A | In Rank of the matrix A = 4 k−λ 1 2
= 9−2 2−3 2 0 0 55. (4) A − λI = 1 2 − λ 0.5 = 0...
15 4 |A| = −1 3 0
= × = 10 If a matrix A is orthogonal then 1 2 3−λ
2 3
6 0 4 |A| = ±1 (1)
51. (2) = 2×3×4 = 24
cos θ 0 sin θ Given 1 is an Eigen value
If a, b, c have all different values and ∴A(adj A) = | A | In Let A = 0 1 0 ⇒λ=l satisfies (1)
a a2 a3 − 1 1 0 0 − sin θ 0 cos θ k−1 1 2
b b2 b3 − 1 = 0 = 24 0 1 0 |A| =cos θ (cos θ − 0) − 0 + sinθ (sinθ) = ∴ 1 2 − 1 0.5 = 0
c c2 c3 − 1 0 0 1
cos2θ+sin2θ = 1 1 2 3−1
a a2 a3 a a2 −1 24 0 0 k−1 1 2
= b b2 b3 + b b2 −1 = 0 = 0 24 0 56. (4)
⇒ 1 1 0.5 = 0
c c2 c3 c c 2 −1 0 0 24 Cayley-Hamilton Theorem: 1 2 2
2
1 a a 1 a a2 53. (4) Every square matrix satisfies its own ⇒ k – 1 (2 – 1)- 1 (2 – 0.5) + 2(2 – 1) =0
= abc 1 b b2 − 1 b b2 = 0 Formula: characteristic equation. ⇒ k – 1 – 1.5 + 2 = 0
1 c c2 1 c c2 Product of Eigen values = determinant of the Characteristic equation is given by
1 a a2 ⇒ k = 0.5
= abc − 1 1 b b2 = 0 matrix | A-λI| = 0 59. (2)
8 −6 2 1 − λ −1
1 c c2 =0 Let the Eigen vectors be
1 1 1 A = −6 7 −4 1 1−λ
XT = (x1, x2, x3)then
= abc − 1 a b c = 0 2 −4 3 1−λ 2+1=0
(A-λI)X-1 =0
a2 b 2 c 2 |A | = 8(21 - 16)+6(-18+8) + (24 - 14) ⇒λ2 − 2λ + 1 + 1 = 0 x1
1 1 1 2−λ 3 −1
= 40-60+20 = 0 ⇒λ2 − 2λ + 2 = 0 ⇒ 3 2−λ 1 x2 = 0
= abc − 1 a b−a c−a =0 ∴Product of Eigen values
a2 b 2 − a2 c 2 − a2
By Cayley Hemilton theorem 2 2 3 − λ x3
= |A| = 0 A2 – 2A + 2I = 0 (2-λ)x1+3x2- x3=0 ... (1)
C2 → C2 − C1 54. (1) 57. (3) 3x1 + (2-λ)x2+ x3=0 ... (2)
C3 → C3 − C1 A matrix A is said to be of rank r when 1 0 2x1 +2x2-(3-λ)x3=0 ...(3)
A=
I) otleasl one minor of A of order r is not 1 1 Given Eigen vector (1, 2, 3)T
= abc − 1 b−a c 1 0 1 0
zero A2 = Substituting
1 1 1 1
1 0 0 II) every minor of A of order (r+1) is zero
1 0 x1 = l, x2=2, x3=3 in (1)
−a a 1 1 =
2 1 (2-λ)+6-3 =0
a2 b+a c+a
13 14
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Determinants and Matrices Calculus and Differential Equations

⇒λ= 5 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS & DETAILED SOLUTIONS


60. (2)
det (A) = 2 ∂z ∂z 2) Ordinary differential equation with order
1. If Z=log (x3+y3-x2y- xy2) then ∂x + ∂y =
det (Adj A) = [det A]2 = 4 2 1
1
1) x+y 2) x+y 3) Partial differential equation with order 2
2 1 4) Partial differential equation with order
3) x−y 4) 2x+y
9. The complete integral of the partial
2. If A=fxx (a, b), B=fxy (a, b) c=fyy (a, b) then differential equation p + q=x+y is
f(x, y) has maximum at (a, b) if fx =0, fy =0 1) 2z = (a+x)2 + (y-a)2+b
and 2) 2z = (a-x)2 + (y-a)2+b
Join Us on FB : 1) AC<B2 and A<0 2) AC>B2andA<0 3) z = (a+x)2 + (y-a)2
English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil 3) AC<B2andA>0 4) AC>B2 and A>0 4) z=(a-x)2 + (y-a)2
3. The solution of xp+yq=z is ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
10. The solution of∂x 2 − 2 ∂x ∂y + ∂y 2 = e2x+y
1)f(x,y)=0 2)f(x2,y2) = 0
Whatsapp Group x y 1) z = f x + y + g x + y + e2x+y
3) f(xy, yz)=0 4) 𝑓 , =0
y z 2) z = f x + y + xg x + y + e2x+y
English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here 4. The particular integral of (D2+a2)y=sin ax is 1
ax x 3) z = f(x + y) − g(x + y) + 9 e2x+y
1) 2 cosax 2) −2a cos ax
ax x
4) z = f x − y + xg x − y = e2x+y
3) − 2 cosax 4) 2a cos ax 11. The area of the cardiod r=a(1 + cos θ) is
∂x ∂y ∂z 3πa 2 4πa 2
5. If f(x, y, z) = 0, then ∂y . ∂z . ∂x is 1) 2)
4 3
1) 1 2) 0 3πa 2 2πa 2
3) 2
4) 3
3) -1 4) 2
12. The volume bounded by the cylinder
6. If x=r sinθ cosϕ, y=r sinθ sinϕ, z=r cosϕ
∂ x,y,z
x2+y2=4 and the plane 2 = 3 and z=0 is
then∂ r,θ,ϕ
is 1) 12π 2) 6π
1) r sin θ 2
2) r2sinθ 3) 3π 4) π
3) r2sin ϕ 4) rsin2ϕ 13. The formula for the radius of curvature in
dx dy cartesian coordinate is
7. If dt
+y=t and dt
+x=0 then the value of y is
2 1/2 2 3/2
1+ y ′ 1+ y ′
1) y = Aet + Be−t + t 1) 2)
y ′′ y ′′
2) y = A cos t + B sint + t
2 3/2 2 3/2
3) y = Aet + Be−t − t 1+ y ′ 1+ y ′
3) y ′′ 2
4) y ′′ 2
4) y = A cos t + B sint − t
8. Let z=ax+by+xy where a and b are arbitrary 14. The condition for the function z=f(x, y) to
∂z ∂z
constants and x, y are independent variables. havea extremum at (a, a) is ∂x
=0 and ∂y
=0.
The differential equation which is related to ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2z
A= ∂x 2
, B = ∂x ∂y , C = ∂y 2 ∆= AC − B2 the
the above is
1) Ordinary differential equation with order function z has a maximum value at (a, a) If
2 1) ∆>0, A<0 2) ∆>0, A=0

15 1
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

3) ∆<0, A>0 4) ∆>0, A>0 B 1 1 39. The particular integral of (D2 + 4)y = cos23x
1) Ax+x 4 2) Ax+Bx4 3) 2 4)5
15. The stationary point of B A B is
3) Ax4 + x 4) x + x 4 31. The centre of curvature at (1, 1) on x+ 1 1 1 1
f(x, y)=x2-xy + y2-2x + y is 1) 8 − 64 - cos 6x 2) 8 + 64 cos6x
1) (0, 1) 2) (1,0) 24. A particle of mass m falls under gravity y = 2 is
1 1 1 1
through a medium whose resistance is equal 1) (3,3) 2) (-3,-3) 3)64 − 8sin 6x 4) 8 + 64 sin6x
3) (-1,0) 4) (1,-1)
1 1 −1 −1
π/2 sin x to μ times its velocity. The corresponding 3) , 4) , 40. The value of the integral dxdy over the
16. 0 sin x+cos x
dx is 3 3 3 3
π
differential equation is, if x is the distance in 32. The minimum value of x +y +6y+12 is 2 2 region bounded by x=0, y=0 and x+1 is
1) 2 2) π ‘t’, then 3
1)-3 2) 3 1) 1 2) 2
π
3) 4 4) 2π 1) mx"+μx'=0 2) mx"+μx'=-mg 3) 12 4) 20 1 2
3) 2 4) 3
17. xcosx dx is 3) mx"+μx'=mg 4) mx"=μx' 33. The general solution of the differential ∞
1) xsinx − cosx 2) xsinx + cosx 25. If x=f(t) and y=g(t) then the formula for 41. The value of the integral x 2 e−3x dx is
equation (x2D2+xD)y=5 is 0
radius of curvature in parametric coordinates 2 1
3) xsinx − xcosx 4) xsinx + xcosx 5x 2 5 2 1) 27 2) 3
is 1) y=A+ 2
2) y = 2 log x
18. The solution of 2 7
3/2 3/2 3) 9 4) 27
y y y x 2 +y 2 x 2 +y 2
xtan x − ysec 2 x dx + xsec 2 x dy = 0 is 1) x y−y x
2) x y −y x 5x 2 x 4 +y 4
y x
3) y = Ax + B + 2
42. If ϕ (x, y) = log , then which of
1/2 3/2 x+y
1) x tan x = c 2) x tan y = c x 2 −y 2 x 2 −y 2 5 2
y x
3) x y −x y
4) x y −y x 4) y = Alogx + B + 1 (logx) thefollowing is true?
3) x tan x = c 4) x tan y = c ∂2 ϕ ∂2 ϕ ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
26. Divide a length ‘a’ into three equal parts x, y 34. The point (0, 1) is a point at which the 1) x ∂x 2 + y ∂y 2 = 3 2) x ∂x + y ∂y = 3
19. The necessary and sufficient conditions for and z such that their product is maximum. function 2(x2-y2)-x4+y4 has a ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
the differential equation M dx+N dy=0 to be a a a a a a 3) x 2 ∂x + y 2 ∂y = 3
1) x = 3, y = 3, z = 3 2) x = 2, y = 2, z = 2 1) local maximum 2) local minimum
∂ϕ ∂ϕ
exact is a
3) x = 4, y = 2, z = 4
a a a
4) x = 6, y = 3, z = 3
a a 3) global maximum 4) saddle point 4) x 2 + y2 = 3logϕ
∂M ∂N ∂M ∂N ∂x ∂y
1) ∂x
= ∂y
2) ∂y
= ∂x
35. Which of the following is a harmonic
43. The complementary function of
27. The condition for the function z=f(x, y) to
∂M ∂N ∂M − ∂N function? 2
= = ∂z ∂z 2d y dy
3) ∂x ∂y
4) ∂y ∂x have a extremum at (a, a) is ∂x = 0 and ∂y =0 1) exx 2) exsin y 1+x dx 2
+ 1+x dx
+ y = 0 is
e 4x ∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2z 3) x2+y2 4) sin x cos y 1) c1 cos(log(1 + x)) + c2 sin(log(1 + x))
20. The value of D−2 is A = ∂x 2
, B = ∂x ∂y , C = ∂y 2 ∆= AC − B2 .
e 4x −e 4x
36. Which of the following satisfies the equation 2) c1 cos 1 + x + c2 sin 1 + x
1) 2) Then the function z has a minimum value at y"-3y'+2y=2? 3) c1 cos(logx) + c2 sin (logx)
4 4
1 4x −e 4x (a, a) if 1) y=2ex-3e2x+1 2) y=2ex+3e2x+2 4) c1 cos x + c2 sin x
3) e 4)
2 2 1) ∆>0, ∆<0 2) ∆>0, ∆>0 3) y=2ex-3e2x-l 4) y=2ex+3e2x-2
21. Divide 24 into 3 parts such that the 3) ∆<0, ∆<0 4) ∆<0, ∆>0 37. The set of two positive numbers whose sum DETAILED SOLUTIONS
continued 1st; square of the second and cube π
28. 0
logx dx js is 16 and sum of whose cubes is maximum 1. (1)
of the 3rd may be minimum
1) –π logx+π 2) -(π +π log π) is z = log(x3+y3-x2y-xy2)
1) 12, 3, 9 2) 14, 6, 4
3) π log π-π 4) π log π-1 1) (6, 10) 2) (8, 8) ∂z 3x 2 − 2xy − y 2
3) 4, 8, 12 4) 4, 3, 17 π/2 = 3
29. log tanθ dθ is
3) (4,12) 4) (9,7) ∂x x + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2
22. Formation of the differential equation from 0
38. A point of local maximum for the curve x3y ∂z 3y 2 − x 2 − 2xy
y=(Ax+2)ex is 1) π/4 2) 1 =
=3x4+ 1 is ∂y x 3 + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2
1) (D2-2D + 1)y = 0 2) (D2+2D+1)y = 0 3) π 4) 0
1) (-1,-4) 2) (1, 4) Now,
3) (D2+ 1)y = 0 4) (D2-l)y = 0 30. The radius of curvature of the curve
3) (1,-4) 4) (-1,4)
23. Solution of Euler’s equation (x2y”-2xy’- x2+y2+4x-21=0 is
4y)=0 1) 2 2) 5
2 3
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

∂z ∂z dy
=
dz ∂z
=0 = Aet+Be-t
+ y z ∂ϕ −t −t
∂x ∂y Particular integral =D 2 −1 = − 1−D 2
log y = log z + log c2 Now,
3x 2 − 2xy − y 2 + 3y 2 − x 2 − 2xy
= y = zc2 ∂x ∂x ∂x = t 1 − D2 −1
x 3 + y 3 − x 2 y − xy 2 y
= c2 ... (2) ∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ = t 1 + D2 + D4 + ⋯
2x 2 +2y 2 −4xy z
= x2 x−y −y 2 x−y
∂ x, y, z ∂y ∂y ∂y = t + D2 t + ⋯
From (1) and (2) the solution is =
2 x−y 2 2 x−y x y ∂ r, θ, ϕ ∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ = t+0 = t
= = f , =0
x 2 −y 2 x−y x 2 −y 2
y z ∂z ∂z ∂z Solution
2 x−y
= 4. (2) ∂r ∂θ ∂ϕ y = CF+PI
x+y x−y
2 Particular integral for (D2+a2)y=sin ax is sinθ cosϕ cosθ cosϕ −r sinθ sinϕ = Aet+Be-t+ t
= = sinθ sinϕ cosθ sinϕ r sinθ cosϕ
x+y –x cos ax 8. (4)
2. (2) 2a cosϕ −r sinθ 0 z = ax + by + xy ... (1)
A=fxx (a, b); B = fxy (a, b) 5. (3) sinθ cosϕ cosθ cosϕ −sinϕ ∂z
⇒∂x = a + y
f(x, y, z)=0, then = r 2 sinθ sinθ sinϕ cosθ sinϕ cosϕ
C=fyy (8, b) then f(x, y) has maximum at (a, ∂z
∂x ∂y ∂z −cosϕ −sinθ 0 ⇒ a = ∂x − y
b) . . = −1 = r 2 sinθ sinθ cosϕ 0 + sinθ cosϕ −
if fx =0, fy =0 and AC-B2>0, A<0 ∂y ∂z ∂x ∂z
Also, ∂y = b + x
6. (2) cosθ cosϕ0−cosθ cosϕ−sinϕ− sin2θ
i.e., AC>B2 and A<0 sinϕ−cos2θ sinϕ ∂z
x = r sinθ cosϕ ⇒ b = ∂y − x
3. (4) = r 2 sinθ cos 2 ϕ sin2 θ + cos2 θ +
y = r sinθ cosϕ ∂z ∂z
xp + yq = z sin2ϕsin2θ+cos2θ ∴ (1) ⇒z = x −y +y − x + xy
z = r cos θ ∂x ∂y
This is Lagrange’s linear equation of the = r 2 sinθ cos 2 ϕ + sin2 ϕ ∂z ∂z
Now, z=x + y − xy
type
x = r sinθ cosϕ =r 2 sinθ ∂x ∂y
Pp + Qq = R This is a partial differential equation with
∂x 7. (1)
dx dy dz = sinθ cosϕ
Solution is P = Q
= R
∂r dx order 1.
∂x +y =1
Therefore solution of xp+yq=z is given by = r cosθ cosϕ dt 9. (8)
∂θ dx
p+q = x +y
dx dy dz =t−y ... (1)
= = ∂x dt
x y z = −rsinθ sin ϕ Also given ⇒ p−x = y– q = a
∂ϕ
From first two equations dy ⇒ p − x = a; y − q = a
y = r sin θ sin ϕ x+ =0
dx dy dt ⇒ p = a + x; q = y − a
= ∂y
x y = sinθ sin ϕ Differentiating with respect to The solution is given by
∂r
dx dy ∂y dx d2 y dz = pdx + qdy
= = r cosθ sinϕ + =0
x y ∂θ dt dt 2 ⇒ dz = (a + x)dx + (y − a)dy
⇒ log x = log y + log c1 ∂y d2y 𝑎+𝑥 2 𝑦 −𝑎 2
= −rsinθcos ∴ (1) ⇒t – y + =0 ⇒𝑧= + +𝑘
dt 2 2 2
⇒ x = yc1 ∂ϕ
x
d2y
⇒ dt 2 − y = −t ⇒2z = a + x + y − a 2 + b
2
⇒y = c1 z = r cos θ where b = 2k
∂z Auxiliary equation is
Also from last two equations = cosθ m2 - 1 = 0
10. (8)
dy dz ∂r Let z = f(x + y) + g(x + y) + e2x+y
= ∂y m=±1
y z = −r sinϕ ∂z
∂θ ∴Complementary function = C.F = f ′ (x + y) + g ′ (x + y) + 2e2x+y
∂x
4 5
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

∂2 z Radis of the base = 2 π/2 cos x dx e 4x e 4x e 4x


= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + 4e2x+y = 0 cos x+sin x
... (2) P.I. = D−2 = 4−2 =
∂x 2 2
Height = 3
Similarly Adding (1) and (2) 21. (2)
∴Volume = πr 2 h π π
∂2 z sin x dx
+
cos x dx x + y + z = 24 and
= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + e2x+y = π × 22 × 3 = 12π 2I= 2
0 sin x+cos x
2
0 sin x+cos x
∂y 2 π xy 2 z 3 = minimum
sin x+cos x
Also, = 2
0 sin x+cos x
dx Given choices are
∂2 z π
x/2 π 12 × 32× 93 = 78732
= f ′′ (x + y) + g ′′ (x + y) + e2x+y 13. (2) = 2 dx = x 0 =
∂x ∂y 2 0 2 14 × 62× 43 = 32256
Radius of curvature in cartesian coordinates π
∂2z ∂2 z ∂2 z ∴I=4 4 × 82× 123 = 442368
∴∂x 2 − 2 ∂x ∂y = ∂y 2 = e2x+y 𝑑𝑦 2 3/2
1+ 17. (2) 4 × 32× 173 = 176868
11. (3) 𝑑𝑥 1 + 𝑦′ 2 3/2
∴x=14, y=6, z=4 gives minimum product.
= = udv = uv − vdu
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑦 ′′ 22. (1)
𝑑𝑥 2 Consider y = (Ax+2)ex
14. (1)
2
u = x; dv = cos x dx ⇒ ye-x = Ax + 2
∂2 z ∂2 z ∂2 z
For maximum∂x 2 . ∂y 2 − > 0 and Differentiate with respect to x
∂x ∂y du = dx; dv = cos x dx
∂2 z y'e-x- ye-x = A
π a 1+cos θ ∂x 2
<0 ⇒ v = sinx Diff. again with respect to x
Area = 2 0 0
r dr dθ i.e.∆>0 and A<0 ∴ x cos x dx = uv − vdu y"e-x-y'ex-(y'e-x-ye-x) = 0
a 1+cos θ
π r2 15. (2) = xsinx − sin xdx ⇒y"e-x-2y'e-x+ye-x = 0
= 2 0 2 dθ
0 f = x2-xy + y2-2x + y = xsinx − −cosx ⇒ (y"-2y'+y)e-x = 0
2 π 2
= a 0 1 + cos θ dθ ∂f = xsinx + cos x since e-x≠0
π = 2x − y − 2
= 4a2 0 cos4 dθ ∂x 18. (1) ⇒ y" - 2y'+y = 0
∂f y
θ
put 2 = ϕ = −x + 2x + 1 Consider x tan x = 𝑐 ⇒ (D2- 2D + 1)y = 0
∂y 23. (3)
π/2 Differentiating w.r. to x
∴ Area = 8a2 0
cos 4 ϕdϕ For stationary points
dy x2y"-2xy'-4y = 0
3 1 π ∂f ∂f y x dx − y y
= 8a2 × 4 × 2 × 2 = 0; =0 xsec 2 + tan = 0 d2 y dy
∂x ∂y x x2 x x 2 2 − 2x − 4y = 0
3πa 2 dx dx
= ⇒ 2x-y = 2 and x- 2y = 1 d
2 y dy y put z = log x and θ = dz
12. (1) Solving (x, y) = (1, 0) ⇒sec 2 x
x dx − y + x tan x = 0
dy
∴Stationary point is (1, 0) y dy y y then dx = θ dx
⇒𝑥 sec 2 x dx
+ x tan x − y sec 2 x = 0
16. (3)
y y y d2 y
π/2 sin x dx ⇒𝑥 sec 2 dy + x tan − y sec 2 dx = =θ θ−1
Let I = 0 sin x+cos x
... (1) x x x dx 2
π a 0 ∴Given equation is reduced to
y (θ(θ-1)-2θ -4)y = 0
Formula: f x dx = f a − x dx ∴𝑥 tan x
= c is a solution of the given
⇒(θ2-3θ -4)y = 0
0 0 differential equation.
⇒(θ2-3θ -4)y = 0
Using the above formula 19. (2)
π π ∂M ∂N Auxiliary equation is
sin −x dx Mdx + Ndy = 0 is exact if =
2
I= 2
0 sin π −x +cos π −x ∂y ∂x m2-3m-4 = 0
2 2
20. (3) ⇒(m + l)(m-4) = 0
From the figure
6 7
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

a a a −3xyz
⇒ m = -1, 4 i.e. when 𝑥 = 3 , y = 3 , z = 3 product is Radius = 22 + 21 =5
x = −xyz
Solution: maximum. a 31. (1)
y = Ae4z + Be-z 3x
Method: 2 =1 x+ y=2
= Ae4logx + Be−logx a
Let f=xyz a Differentiate w.r. to x
4 x=3
= Aelogx + Belog 1/x Given thatx + y + z = a 1 −1 1 1

B Similarly 2
x 2 + 2 y −2 . y1 = 0 .... (1)
4
= Ax + x take g = x + y + z − a
𝑎 𝑎 At (1, 1)
24. (2) Let F = f − λg 𝑦 = ;𝑧 =
3 3 1 −
1 1 1
Required equation is F = xyz − λ (x + y + z − a) 27. (2) 1 2 1 −2 . y1 = 0
+
2 2
𝑑𝑣 By Lagrange’s multiplier method the values If ∆>0, A>0, then Z has a minimum. 1 1
m. = −mg − μv of x,y,z for which f is maximum is obained + y =0
𝑑𝑡 28. (3) 2 2 1
⇒ mx'' + μx' = -mg by π
Let I = 0 logx dx ⇒y1 = −1
25. (2) ∂F ∂F ∂F Diff. (1) w.r. to x
= 0, = 0, =0 u = log x; dv=dx
x 2 +y 2
3/2 ∂x ∂y ∂z 1 1 3 1 3 1 1
Radius of curvature ρ = ∂F du= x dx ; v=x − x −2 − y −2 y1 . y1 + y −2 y2 = 0
x y −y x and =0 4 4 2
∂λ
26. (1)
∂F ∴ 1 = uv − vdu at (1, 1)
Check through choices by (1) =0 = x log x π

π 1
x x dx 1 3 1 3 1 1
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 ∂x 0 0 − 1 −2 − 1 −2 −1 −1 + y −2 y2
𝑥 = ;𝑦 = ;𝑧 = ⇒yz + λ = 0 4 4 2
3 3 3 = π log π − 0 x π0
=0
a a a ⇒ λ = −yz = π log π − π
clearly 3 + 3 + 3 = a 1 1 y2
⇒ λx = −xyz... (1) 29. (4) ⇒− − + =0
4 4 2
a a a a3
and xyz = . . = ∂F π
⇒ y2 = 1
3 3 3 27 =0 Let I = 2 log(tanθ)dθ
a a
by (2)x = 2 , y = 4 , z = 4
a ∂y 0 Let (α, β) be the centre of curvature at (1, 1)
⇒xz + λ = 0 Adding (1) and (2)
a a a a a
then
clearly2 + 4 + 4 = a
⇒ λ = −xz α=𝑥−
𝑦 1 1+𝑦12
a a a a3 f x dx = f a − x dx 𝑦2
and xyz = 2 . 4 . 4 = 32 ⇒ λy = −xyz... (2)
0 0 −1 1+ −1 2
by (3) ∂F π =1−
=0 So, I = 2 log tan
π
− θ dθ
1
a a a ∂z 0 2 =3
x =4, y = 2, z =4
⇒xy + λ = 0 π
1+𝑦 12
clearly = 2 log cot θ dθ .... (2) β=y+
⇒ λx = −xyz... (3) 0 𝑦2
a a a Adding (1) and (2)
+ + =a ∂F 1+ −1 2
4 2 4 =0 π =1+ 1
a a a a3 ∂λ 2I = 2 log tan θ dθ + log cot θ dθ
0
and xyz = . . = ⇒ x + y + z = a... (4) π
=3
4 2 4 32
a a a = 2 log tan θ cot θ dθ ∴ Centre of curvature = (3, 3)
By (2)x = 6 , y = 3 , z = 3 Adding (1) + (2) + (3) 0
π π
⇒λ(x + y + z) = −3xyz 32. (2)
a a a 5a = 2
0
log 1dθ = 2
0
0 dθ Let F = x 2 + y 2 + 6y + 12
x+y+z= + + = ≠a By (4)
6 3 3 6 = 0 ⇒1=0 ∂f
∴Option (4) is not correct λa = -3xyz = 2x
−3xyz
30. (2) ∂x
By (1), (2), (3) ⇒λ = a x2+y2+4x-21 = 0 is an equation of a circle. ∂F
= 2y + 6
Maximum product is attained in (1) (1) ⇒λx = −xyz The radius of curvature of the circle is the ∂y
radius of the circle.
8 9
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

∂2F ∴ y = C.F. + P.I. y'' -3y' + 2y =2 ∴ x = -1 gives maximum.


=0
∂x ∂y 5
2 2 = A log x + B + 2 log x 2 To find C.F. ∴ when x = -1
∂ F ∂ F D2 − 3D + 2 y = 0 1
= 2; 2 = 2 34. (2) 𝑦 = 3 −1 + = −3 − 1
∂x 2 ∂y A.E. ⇒ 3 – 3m +2 =0
2
−1 3
∂2F Let f(x, y) = 2 x 2 − y 2 − x 4 + y 4
Now, ∂x 2 = 2 ∂F ⇒ m−2 m−1 =0 = -4
∂2 F = 4x − 4x 3 ⇒ m = 2, 1 ∴ −1, −4 is the local maximum.
∂x
=2 ∂2 F ∴ C.F. = Aex + Be2x 39. (1)
∂y 2 = 4 − 12x 2
∂F ∂x 2 2 2e 0x 1 + cos 6x
∂F P.I. = D 2 −3D+2 = D 2 −3D+2 cos 2 3x =
=0⇒x=0 2
∂x = −4y + 4y 3 2e0x
∂y 1 + cos 6x
∂F = =1 D2 + 4 y =
= 0 ⇒ y = −3 ∂2 F 0−0+2 2
∂y = −4 + 12y 2 ∴ General solution y = CF + PI 1 + cos 6x
∴ The extreme point is (-0, 3) ∂y 2
⇒ y = Aex + Be2x + 1 P. I. = 2
2 ∂2 F D2 + 4
∂2 F ∂2 F ∂2 F =0 y = 2ex − 3e2x + 1 is in the above from. So
2
. 2− ∂x ∂y 1 cos 6𝑥
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y 2 + 22
it is the required solution.
=4–0=4>0
At (0, 1) = 2
∂2 F ∂ 2 F ∂2 F
37. (3) D +4 D +4
∂2 F . 2− = 4 −4 + 12 − 0 63+103 = 1216 e 0x cos 6𝑥
Also ∂x 2 = 2 > 0 2
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y =2 D 2 +4
+2 D 2 +4
83+83 = 1024
∴ The point (0, -3) gives minimum value = 32 > 0 e 0x
+
cos 6𝑥
∂2 F
43+123 = 1792 =2 02 +4 2 −36+4
Minimum value is F (0, -3) Also ∂x 2 = 4 − 12x 2 93+73 = 1072 1
=8+2
cos 6𝑥
= 02 + −3 2 + 6 −3 + 12 −32
∂2 F ∴The point (4, 12) gives maximum.
1 cos 6𝑥
=3 0,1 = 4 > 0 =8−
∂x 2 38. (1) 64
33. (4) 2
∂ F x 3 y = 3x 4 + 1 40. (3)
put x = ex > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
∂x 2 y = 3x+x 3 ∬ dxdy = Area of the region bounded by C
⇒ z = log x 2 2
∂ F ∂ F ∂2 F c
d . 2− >0 dy
Let D = x dx 2
∂x ∂y ∂x ∂y = 3 − 3x 4
dx
d2 So, the point (0, 1) is a minimum point.
then x 2 dx 2 = D(D − 1) d2 y 12
35. Let z = ex sin y = 12x −5 = 5
∴ Given equation becomes dx 2 x
∂z dy
D D−1 +D y = 5 = ex sin y =0
∂x dx
⇒ D2 y = 0 ∂2 z
= ex sin y ⇒3 − 3x 4 = 0
A.E = m2 = 0
∂x 2 1 ∬ dxdy = Area of ∆ OAB
⇒ m = 0, 0 ⇒3 1 − x 4 = 0
∂z c
∴ C.F. = Az + B e0z = ex cos y 4
⇒x = 1 1
∂y = 2 OA × OB
= A log x +B ∂2 z ⇒x=±1 1 1
5 5e 0z = −ex sin y d2 y 12 =2×1×1=2
P.I. = D 2 = ∂y 2 =
D2
5 ∂2z ∂2 z dx 2 x 5 41. (1)
= 2 z2 ∴∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = ex sin y − ex sin y d2 y 12 Formula:
5 x = −1 =
= 2 log x 2 =0 dx 2 −1 5 By Laplace transformation,
36. (1) = -12 < 0
10 11
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

∞ −st ∂ϕ ∂ϕ
L(f(t)) = e f t dt ⇒xeϕ . ∂x + yeϕ = 3eϕ y'' – 3y + 2y = 2 Slope of the normal at (1, 2)
0 ∂x −1 −2
n n!
AlsoL t = S n +1 ∂ϕ ∂ϕ is in the form. = =
⇒x +y =3 y = Aex + Be2x + 1
m 3
∂x ∂y
∞ 2 −3x ∞ ∴Equation of the normal at (1, 2) is
Consider 0 x e dx = 0 x 2 e−St dt 43. (1) since y = 2ex + 3e2x + 1 is in the above −2
(y-2) = 3 (x - 1)
where S = 3 put (1+x) = ez from (A = 2; B = -3) it is the solution of
= L(x2) ⇒ log(1+x) = z y'' – 3y + 2y = 2 3y-6 = -2x+2
2! 2 2 d 2x+3y-8 = 0
= S 2+1 = S 3 = 33 ∵ S = 3 Also D = dz 46. (4)
2 z x − y = x2 + y2 50. (1)
= Given equation becomes x3y = 3x4+ 1
27 x 2 +y 2
(D (D-1) + D+ 1)y = ez- 1 ⇒z= x−y 1
Method: 2 y = 3x+x 3
∞ Auxiliary equation ∴ z is a homogeneous function of degree 1
m2-m + m +-1 = 0 dy
x 2 e−3x dx ∴By Euler’s formula = 3 − 3x −4
m2 +1 = 0 dx
0 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 dy
u=x2; dv=e-3xdx ⇒ m = ±i, = 0±i 𝑥 +𝑦 = 1. 𝑧 =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 dx
du=2x dx; e−3x dx = dv Complementary function 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 ⇒ 3 1 − x −4 =0
e −3x = e0z c1 cos z + c2 sin z 𝑥 +𝑦 −𝑧=0
⇒v = 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 ⇒x 4 = 1
−3 = c1 cos z + c2 sin z 47. (3)


x 2 e−3x dx = uv − vdu ⇒x = ±1
0 = c1 cos log 1 + x + c2 sin log 1 + x 63+103 = 1216
∞ ∴ x = ±1
e −3x ∞ e −3x
= x2 . − 0 −3 . 2xdx 44. (4) 83+ 83 = 1024 d2 y
−3 0 sin 2x − cos 2x
43+123 = 1792 = 12x −5
=
2 ∞
0 + 3 0 𝑥 e−3x 𝑑𝑥
P.I. = D 2 +4 dx 2
sin 2x cos 2x 93+73 = 1072 12
∞ = − = x5
2 x.e −3x 1 ∞ D 2 +4 D 2 +4 ∴(4, 12) gives maximum
= 3 3
+ 3 0 e−3x dx d2 y 12
0 Formula:

48. (1) x = −1 = = −12 < 0
2
=3 0+3
1 e −3x sin αx −x cos αx 2 dx 2 −1 5
−3 − If f(x) = xex + c
0 D2 + α2 2α df
∴ x = -1gives maximum.
x2 2
−2
= 27 e−∞ − e0 cos αx x sin αx then dx = e +2x2ex when x = -1
− 2
2 D2 + α2 2α = ex 1 + 2x 2 y = -4
= 27 −x cos 2x x sin 2x
∴ P.I. = + i.e., derivative of xex +c is xex
2 2
(l+2x2) ∴ (-1, -4) is the local maximum
42. (2) 4 4
x2 x2 51. (3)
Let u = eϕ 45. (1) Integration of.e (1 + 2x ) is xe + c 2
x sin 6 x
x 4 +y 4 D2 − 3D + 2 y = 2 49. (2) Let I = dx
log −x cos 6 x+sin 6 x
=e 2
x +y
A.E. = m − 3m + 2 = 0 y2 = 3x2+ 1 x sin 6 x
x 4 +y 4 =2 dx
= ⇒ m−2 m−1 =0 Differentiate w.r. to x −x cos 6 x+sin 6 x
x+y dy 1 x sin 6 x
m = 1, 2 2ydx = 6x ⇒2 = 0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x dx ... (1)
∴ u is a homogeneous function of degree 3.
⇒ CF = Aex + Be2x
∴ By Euler’s theorem 2
dy 3x Applying the formula
P.I. = D 2 −3D+2 = 2a a
∂u ∂u dx y 0
f x dx = 2 0
f x dxwhen f(x) is even
x +y = 3u 2e 0x π
∂x ∂y = D 2 −3D+2 Slope of the tanget at (1, 2) 1 sin 6 x
ϕ dy (1) ⇒ 2 dx
But u = e 2 0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x
2e 0x 2 m = dx 1,2 π
eϕ eϕ
= 0−0+2 = 2 = 1 1 sin 6 x
∴x

+y

= 3eϕ 3 1 3 ⇒4 = 02 sin 6 x+cos 6 x dx
∂x ∂y ∴ Solution: = 2
=2
12 13
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Calculus and Differential Equations Calculus and Differential Equations

a a
Using the formula f x dx = f a − x dx ∴Complementary function is Ae−3x + Be−x N = y2-4xy-2x4 dy 1+log x −x.
1
log x
0 0 ∴dx = x
=
(2) ⇒Using the 54. (4) ∂M 1+log x 2 1+log x
= −4x + 4y
π sin 6 −x dx
π Given velocity α (distance)2 ∂y 60. (1)
1 π
⇒4 = 2 2
0 sin 6 π −x +cos 6 π −x
dx dx ∂N Let I = log 1 − cos x dx ... (1)
2 2 ∝ x2 = −4y − 4x 0
π dt ∂x Using the formula
a
f x dx =
cos 6 x dx 0
= 2 ... (3) dx ∂M ∂N
since ∂y = ∂x a
0 cos 6 x+sin 6 x = kx 2 f a − x dx
Adding (2) and (3) dt 0
2 Given equation is exact. π
1 1
π
sin 6 x+cos 6 x d x dx I= log 1 − cos π − x dx
⇒4 + 4 = 2 dx = 2kx. 57. (3) 0
0 sin 6 x+cos 6 x dt 2 dt =
π
log 1 − cos x dx .... (2)
1
π
= 2kx. kx 2 Auxiliary equation is m2-2m+1 = 0 0
⇒ = 0
2 dx ⇒ (m-1)2= 0 Adding (1) and (2)
2
π/2 π
= 2k 2 x 3 π
= x 0 = i.e., Acceleration = 2k2(distance)3 ⇒ m = 1,1 2I= 0
log 1 − cos x + log 1 − cos x dx
2
C.F = (A+Bx)ex π
∴I=π ⇒ Acceleration ∝ (distance)3 = 0
log 1 − cos x 1 + cos x dx
e x cos x π
52. (1) ∴n=3 P.I. = D 2 −2D+1 = log 1 − cos 2 x dx
0
xexy + 2y dy + yexy = 0 55. (2) cos x π
= ex = log sin2 xdx
yexy dx + xexy + 2y dy = 0 Let f(x, y) = 2(x2-y2)-x4+y4 D+1 2 −2 D+1 +1 0
π
= Mdx+Ndy ∂f = ex
cos x 2I=2 0
log sin x dx
= 4x − 4x 3 D 2 +2D+1−2D−2+1 π
where M = yexy ∂x x cos x I= log sin x dx
= e D2 0
N = yexy +2y ∂2 f π
= 4 − 12x 2 x
= −e cos x =2 2 log sin x dx
Now,
∂M
= xye xy
+e xy ∂x 2 0
π
∂y ∂f General solution is I
= 2 log sin x dx
∂N = −4y + 4y 3 2 0
... (3)
= xyexy + exy ∂y y = C.F+P.I.
∂x Result:
∂2 f = A + Bx ex − ex cosx π
∂M
∴ ∂y =
∂N = −4 + 12y 2 = ex [A + Bx − cosx] 2
∂x ∂y 2 π
So given equation is exact. ∂2 f 58. (2) log sin x dx = log 2
=0 2
yexy ∂x ∂y Formula: 0
Mdx = = exy sin αx −x cos αx ∴ (3) ⇒2 =
1 −π
log 2
y At (0, 1) = 2
2 D2 + α2 α2 ⇒ I = −π log 2
(keep y as constant) ∂2 f ∂ 2 f ∂2 f sin 2x −x cos 2x
xexy 2y 2 . − = 4 −4 + 12 ∴ P.I. = D 2 +4 =
Ndy = + ∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂x ∂y 4 61. (4)
x 2 59. (2) dy
= 32 >0 = e2x+4y+5
(keep x as constant) ∂2 f x y = ex−y dx
Also = 4 − 12x 2 = e2x+5 e4y
= exy + y 2 ∂x 2 Taking log on both sides
53. (3) ∂2 f log x y = log ex−y −4y
⇒e dy = e 2x+5
dx
0,1 = 4 > 0
Given differential equation is ∂x 2 ⇒ y log x = (x-y)log e Integrate
e −4y
=
e 2x +5
+c
(D2+4D+3)y=0 ∴The point (0, 1) is a minimum point. = (x-y) [∵loge=1] 4 2

56. (1) 62. (3)


Auxiliary equation is ⇒ y log x+y = x
Given equation is Given D.E. is
m2+4m+3 = 0 ⇒y[1+logx] = x
(x2-4xy-2y2)dx+(y2-4xy-2x2)dy = 0 x p2 x 4 − xp − y = 0
⇒ (m+3)(m +1) = 0 . ⇒ y = 1+log x
Let M = x2-4xy-2y2 P’s discriminant is
⇒ m = -1,-3
x 2 + 4yx 4 = 0
14 15
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Calculus and Differential Equations VECTOR CALCULUS

⇒1 + 4yx 2 = 0 =
− sin 2x.4tan 2x
dx PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS
2 2
4yx = −1 sin 2 2x
1 = −2 cos 2x
dx 1. A necessary and sufficient conditions that the 3) 3xz2-2x2z+8yz3 4) 0
y+ 2 =0 1−cos 2 2x
4x = −2 dx line Integral F . dr for every closed curve C - ME 2008
C
63. (1) D2 + 4 y = 4 tan 2x cos 2x
8. The value of the integral x − 2y dx + xdy
A.E = m2+4=0 = −2 sec 2x dx − cos 2x dx vanishes is
taken over the circle x2 + y2 = 1 is
1 sin 2x 1) div F ≠ 0 2) curl F = 0
m = ±2i = −2 2
log sec 2x + tan 2x − 2 1) 4𝜋 2) 3𝜋
3) curl F ≠ 0 4) div F = 0
C.F. = c1 cos2x + c2 sin2x = sin 2x − log sec 2x + tan 2x 3) 2𝜋 4) 𝜋
f1 X - ME 2008
Q=
P.I. =Pf1 + Qf2 f 1 f ′2 −f ′1 f 2 2. The value of C
y 2 dx + x 2 dy where C is the 9. Let S be the closed surface which bounds the
cos 2x.4 tan 2x
f1 = cos2x = dx boundary of the square -1≤x, y≤1 is
2 volume V, S
xi + yj + zk . ndS is equal to
f2 = sin2x = 2 sin 2x dx 1) 2 2) 4/3
1) 3 S 2) 4 S
f1′ = -2sin2x = −cos2x 3) 4 4) 0
3) 3 V 4) 4 V
f2′ = 2cos2x P.I. = Pf1+Qf2 -
- ME 2008
f1 f2′ − f2 f1′ = 2cos2x cos2x-sin 2x(-2sin 2x) = cos2x[sin2x − log(sec2x + tan2x)] − 3. The value of ‘a’ for which the vector (x+3y)i
10. The unit normal to the surface x2y+2xz=4 at
= 2[cos22x+sin22x] cos2x sin2x + (y-2z)j + (x+az)k is a solenoidal vector is
the point (2, -2, 3) is
=2 = −cos2x log(sec2x + tan2x) 1) 2 2) 1 1
f 2 X dx 3) -2 4) 3 1) –i + 2j + 2k 2) 3(-i + 2j + 2k)
p= f 1 f ′2 −f ′1 f 2
- 1
3) 3(i-2j+2k) 4) i-2j-2k
where x = 4 tan 2x 4. If F = xi + 2yj + 3zk and S is the surface of a -
unit sphere, then the value of S
F . ndS is 11. If r = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 , then ∇
1
is equal to
𝑟
1) 8𝜋 2) 6𝜋 r r
8π 1) r 3 2) r 2
3) 4𝜋 4) 3 −r −r
Join Us on FB : 3) r2
4) r3
-
English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil 5. The directional derivative of 𝜙(x, y, z) = x2yz -
+ 4xz2 at the point (1, -2, -1) in the direction 12. If A =x2zi-2y3z2j + x2y2zk, then div A at (1, -1,
PQ. Where p = (l, 2, -1) and Q = (-1, 2, 3) is 1) is
Whatsapp Group 1) yi+zj-xk 2) zi-xj-yk 1) 0 2) -3
3) yi-zj+xk 4) -(yi+zj+xk) 3) 3 4) 1
English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here
- -
6. The unit normal vector to the surface x2 + 2y2 13. If A =x2yi-2xzj + 2yzk then curl curl A is
+ z2 = 7 at (1, -1, 2) is 1) (x+2)j 2) (2x+2)j
1) 2i-4j + 4k 2) 2i-4j-4k 3) (2x+1)j 4) (2x+2y)j
1 -
3) 3(i-2j-2k) 4) -(1-2j+2k)
14. If v = (x+2y+az)i + (bx-3y-z)j + (4x+cy+2z)k
- ME 2008
3 2 4 in irrotational, then
7. If F = 𝑥𝑧 𝑖 − 2𝑥 𝑦𝑧𝑗 + 2𝑦𝑧 𝑘, then div (curl
1) a=4, b=-1, c=2 2) a=2, b=-1, c=4
F) equal to
3) a=4, b=2, c=-1 4) a=4, b=-2, c=1
1) z3-2x2z+8yz3 2) 3xz2-4xyz+2z4
16 1
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VECTOR CALCULUS VECTOR CALCULUS

- 1) one 2) zero 46 50 2 4
3) 4) 46 1) 5
2) 2
1 50
15. The directional derivative of in the direction 3) infinity 4) not defined 2 4
r - ME 2004 3) 4)
- 4 5
of the vector r =xi + yj + zk where r=|r| is 29. If ∇𝜙 = (2xy + y2)i + (x2 + 2xy)j + 2zk then 𝜙
1) r2 2) –r2 22. If a is a constant vector and r = xi + yj + zk -
is
1 −1 then ∇×(a × r) is equal to 36. If F = 3xyi - y2j, then the value of
3) r 2 4) 1) 4xy+y2+x2+2z 2) 2x2y+2y2x+zz
r2 1) zero 2) a 2 2 2
1,2
F . dralong any path is
- 3) x y+y x+z 4) x2y+2y2x+2z2 (0,0)
3) 2a 4) |a| −7 6
16. Angle between the tangent planes to the - 1) 2) 7
23. The unit normal to the surface x3-xyz + z3 = 1 6
surfaces xlogz = y2-1 and x2y = 2-z at (1, 1, 1) 30. If F = (ax - 5y)i +(x - y)j +(3x - z)k is 7 −6
at the point (1, 1, 1) is 3) 6 4)
in 1 1
solenoidal, then the value of a is 7
1 −1
1) (2i-j+2k) 2) (-2i-j+2k) 1) 5 2) 2 -
-1 -1 3 3
1) cos 2) cos 1 1
30 30 3) 3(2i + j - 2k) 4) 3(-2i + j + 2k) 3) -2 4) -4 37. If W × r is solenoidal then the vector W is
3) cos-1 30 4) cos-1 − 30 - 1) solenoidal 2) irrotational
- ME 2004
-
24. The angle between the normals to the surface 31. The value of (4ydx + 7xdy) over the circle 3) a constant vector 4) none of these
17. If the circulation of the velocity vector v of a x2 + y2 = 4 is -
xy=z1 ®t the points (-2, -2, 2) and (1, 9, -3) is
fluid around every closed curve C in region D -1 22 -1 −44 1) 3𝜋 2) 4𝜋 38. If n is the unit normal vector drawn outward
vanishes, then is said to be 1) cos 177
2) cos 177 to any closed surface S enclosing a volume V,
3) 11𝜋 4) 12𝜋
9 9
1) Solenoidal in D 2) Irrotational in D 3) cos -1
4) cos-1 - if F = axi + byj + czk, then the value of
177 177
3) Rotational in D 4) None of these F . ndS is
- ME 2004 32. The value of S
∇ × F . ndS where F = (x + S
-
25. If r is the position vector of the point (x, y, z) 2y)i - 3zj + xk and S is the surface - of the 1) v(a+b+c)2 2) v(a+b+c)
18. Stoke’s theorem establishes a relationship
with respect to the origin then ∇(rn) is solid bounded by x=0, y = 0, z=0 and x + y + 3) v(a2+b2+c2) 4) v(a3+b3+c3)
between
1) (n-1)rn-2 (r)2 2) nrn-1r z = 1 is -
1) line and double integrals
3) nr r
n-2
4) nrn-1r 1) 0 2) 1 39. The unit normal to the surface x2-2y2 - z2 = 3
2) line and surface integrals 1
- ME 2004 3) 3 4) 6 at the point (1, 1, 2) is
3) double and surface integrals
26. When 𝜙 = x3 + y3 + z3-3xyz then ∇×∇𝜙 at (1, 1)
i −2j +2k
2)
i −2j −2k
4) surface and volume integrals - 3 3
2, 3) is
- 33. The value of xdx + ydy + zdz where C is -
1) 3i+3j+3k 2) 3i-3j-3k C
19. For any closed surface S enclosing a volume 40. The directional derivative of 2x2 + 3y2 + z2 the
3) 1 4) 0 the circle x2 + y2 + z2 = 16, z = 0 is
V the value of curl F. ndS is 1) 4𝜋 2) 16𝜋 point (2, 1, 3) in the direction of th vector i-2k
S - ME 2004
is
1) always zero 2) always non-zero 27. If F = (axy + bz3)i+(3x2-cz)j + (3xz2-y)k is 3) 64𝜋 4) 0 4 2
- 1) 2)
3) v
curl div Fdv 4) − V
curl div Fdv irrotational then the values of (a, b, c) are 5 5
1) a=6, b= 1, c= 1 34. The angle between the surfaces x2+y2+z2=9 −4 −2 −2
- 3) 5
4) 5 5
20. Using Gauss Divergence theorem to evaluate 2) a=5, b=-1; c=-l and x2 + y2 - z = 3 at (2, -1, 2) is
8 8
-
A . nds, leads to 3) a = 7, b=-1, c=1 1) cos-1 2) cos-1
21 3 21 41. If n is the unit normal vector drawn outward
4) a=5, b=-1, c=-2 8 8
1) v
div ndv 2) v
div . A. ndv 28. The directional derivative of 𝜙 = xy + yz + zx 3) sin-1 4) sin-1 3 21 to any closed surface S enclosing a volume
21
3) div . Adv 4) zero at (1, 2, 3) in the direction of 3i + 4j + 5k is - V, then the value of s
r . ndS is
v
- ME 2005 50 48 35. The directional derivative of 𝜙(x, y, z) =xyz 1) v 2) 2v
1) 46
2) 50
21. Divergence of curl of any vector is equal to at (2, 1, 1) in the direction of j + k is 3) 3v 4) 4v
2 3
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VECTOR CALCULUS VECTOR CALCULUS

- 1) 2𝜋a2 2) 𝜋a2 - 57. If r = a cos nt + b sin nt where a, b, n are


42. If F = x2i + xyj, then the value of 3) 0 4) 2𝜋a 55. A unit normal to the surface xy-z — 0 at the dr
11
independent of t, then r × dt is
F dralong any path is 49. The vector A = 3y z i + 4x y j - 3x y k
4 2 3 2 2 2 point (4, 1, 2) is
0,0 1 1 1) a × b 2) 0
5 1 1) irrotajional and not solenoidal 1) 33
i + 4j − 4k 2) 33
i − 4j − 4k
1) 12 2) 12 3) n a × b 4) –n a × b
2) solenoidal and not irrotational 1 1
7 1 3) 26 i + 4j + 3j 4) 26
i + 4j + 3k
3) 12 4) 4 3) both irrotational and solenoidal -
4) neither irrotational nor solenoidal 56. If a is a constant vector and f is the position 58. If F = (x + y + 1)i + i + 𝑗(x + y)k, then F curl
-
vector of anypoint (x, y, z) then which of the
43. If curl curl F = ∇.∇F-∇2F. and if ∇.F = 0 then - F is
df dg d following is not true?
the value of curlcurlcurlcurl F is 50. If dt = h × f and = h × g, then dt = (f × g) 1) 1) x-y-1 2) 0
dt 1) ∇(a. r) = a 2) curl r = 0
1) ∇4F 2) -∇4F 3) 1 4) x+y+1
(h × f) ×g 2) f, g, h 3) div r = 3 4) ∇.(a × r) = a
3) -∇2F 4) ∇2F
3) 0 4) h × f × g -
- ME 2000
44. What is the greatest rate of increase of the -
notion u = x2 + yz2 at the point (1, -1, 3)? 51. Given that curl F = j + 2(x - y)k the value of
1) 89 2) 20 F . dr where C is the plane triangle with
C
3) 11 4) 17 vertices (0, 0), (1, 0) and (1, 1) is Join Us on FB :
- 1) 3 2) 1
45. If the vector F = (y + ax)i+(z + 2y) j - (x + z)k 1 1
English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil
3) 3 4) 3
is solenoidal, what is the value of a?
1) -1 2) 1 -
Whatsapp Group
3) 0 4) 2 52. If er , eθ are unit vectors along radial and
de r
- transverse direction, then is English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here
dt
𝑟
46. If r xi+yj + zk , then ∇× is equal to 1) 0 2) 0
𝑟2
1) 1 2) -1 3) eθ 4) – eθ
3) 0 4) 2 -
- 53. The position vector of a particle at time t is r =
47. If r = xi + yj + zk and n is the unit outward cos(t - 1)i + sin(t - 1)j + at3k . What should be
normal vector to the unit space S, then the value of ‘a’ so that at time t= 1, the
S
r . nds = acceleration is normal to the position vector?
1
π2 1) 2) 6
1) 0 2) 6
4
3π 4π 3) − 6 4) 0
3) 4
4) 3 -
- 54. If r is the position vector of any point (x, y, z)
48. What is the value of the line integral on the surface S enclosing a volume then
C
sin yi + x 1 + cos y j . dr where C is the r . dS equals
S
curve x2 + y2 = a2, z = 0 and r is the position 1) 0 2) v
vector xi + yj + zk 3) 2v 4) 3v
4 5
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

Previous Year Solved Questions 13. If the Imaginary part of the analytic function 3) 5πi 4)0
f(z)=u + iv is constant, then 1
19. The residue of z cosz at z = 0 is
1. The mapping w = z2-2z-3 is 7. The image of the straight line 2x+3y + 5 = 1) u is not a constant
1) 1 2) -1
1) conformal everywhere 1 2) f(z) is not a complex constant 1 −1
0under the transformation w= z is a 3) 2 4) 2
2) not conformal at z=-1 and z = -3 3) f(z) is equal to zero
1) straight line 2) parabola 4) u is a constant 20. The analytic function, whose real part
3) conformal with |z| = 1 x
3) ellipse 4) circle 14. If f(z) = P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ) is analytic, then is given by
4) not conformal at z = l z 2 +5 x 2 +y 2
1+e 2 8. The value of the Integral ∫ z−1 2 dz , wherez f'(z) is equal to
1) z 2
2) z
2. The residue at z = 0 ofzcosz is c ∂P ∂Q ∂P ∂Q
+ sin z
is a complex number and C is the circle | z- 1) eiθ ∂r
+ i ∂θ 2) e−iθ ∂r
+i
∂θ 3) z
1
4) z + z
1
1) 0 2) 1
−iθ ∂P ∂Q ∂P ∂Q
3) 4 4) -1 1| = 1, is 3) e +i 4) eiθ +i 21. Cauchy - Riemann conditions forf(z)=u(r, θ)
∂r ∂r ∂r ∂r
3z 2 +7z+1
1) 12πi 2) 6πi + iV(r, θ) is
3. The value of ∫ dz where C is 3) 4πi 4) 2πi
15. The necessary and sufficient conditions for
c z+1
the function f(x) = u (r, θ) + i (r, θ) to be 1)ur = V0 ; uθ = −Vr
|z| =0.5 is z 3 +5z+7
9. The residue of the functionf(z) = z−2 z+3 3
at analytic is 2)rur = vθ ; rvr = u0
πi
1) 0 2) 2 the simple pole is 1) ur = rv0 and u0=
−1
vr 3) ruθ = Vr ; rvθ = −ur
r
3) πi 4) 2πi 1) 1 2) 5 1 4)rur = vθ ; uθ = −rVr
2 2) ur = r vθ and uθ =-rvr 22. Choose the correct answer. If w = f(z) is
4. Singularity of ze1/x at z = 0 is of the type 3) 25 4) 30 1
1) isolated singularity 10. C-R equation for a functionW=P(r, θ) + 3) uθ = r vθ and uθ =rvr analytic, then
1 ∂w ∂w
2) removable singularity iQ(r,θ) to be analytic, in Polarform are 4) ur = rv0 and u0= r vr 1) ∂z = i ∂z
3) essential singularity ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P ∂w ∂w
1) = ; =− 16. The function f(z) = z + 2zis 2) =
∂r r ∂θ ∂r r ∂θ ∂z ∂y
4) isolated and removable singularities ∂Q 1 ∂P ∂P 1 ∂Q 1) analytic in the upper half plane
5. The analytic function which maps an 2) ∂θ = r ∂r
;∂θ
=
r ∂r
∂2 w
3) ∂z ∂z ≠ 0
π ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P
2) analytic inside the unit circle
angularregion 0≤θ≤ 4 on to the upper half 3) ∂r
= − r ∂θ ; ∂r
= r ∂θ 3) analytic everywhere in complex plane 4)
∂w
=0
∂z
plane is ∂P 1 ∂Q ∂Q 1 ∂P 4) not analytic anywhere In the complex
4) ∂θ = r ∂r
; ∂θ
= − r ∂θ 23. The value of m such that 2x-x2+my2 may be
1) 4z 2) z4 plane harmonic is
11. If f(z) + u+iv le an analytic function and u
3) 2θ 4) z2 17. In the two dimensional fluid flow, if the 1) 3 2) 1
and v are harmonic, then u and v will satisfy −y
6. Let f(z) = u + iv be an analytic function
1) one dimensional wave equation stream function is ψ=x 2 +y 2 , then the velocity 3) 2 4) 4
which of the following statements are 24. Image of circle |z| =2 by the transformation
2) one dimensional wave equation potentialϕ is
correct? x w=z+2+3i, is
3) Laplace equation 1) ϕ = 2 2
a) both u and v satisfy Laplace equation x +y
4) Poisson equation y 1) |w+(2+3i)| =2 2) |w-(2+3i)| =3
b) Family of curves u=c, and v = C2 cut 2) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 3) |w-(2+3i)| =2 4) |w| = 1
orthogonally −x
12. In the analytic function f(z)=u+iv the curves 3) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 25. Value of integral ∫ z + 1 dz, where C is
c) ux=-vy and uy=vx c
u(x, y) = C1 and V(x, y)=C2 are orthogonal −y
d) u-iv is also an analytic function 4) ϕ = x 2 +y 2 asquare with vertices 0, 1, 1 + i and i is
If the product of the slopes m1 and m2 are
1) (a) and (b) only 2z+1 equal
1) m1 m2=0 2) m1 m2=−𝜋 18. The value of the Integral ∫ z 2 +2 dz, where C
2) (a), (b) and (c) only 𝜋 1) zero 2) 1
3) m1 m2=− 2 - 4) m1 m2=-1 1
3) (a), (b) and (d) only is |z| = 2 is 3) -1 4) 2πi
4) (b), (c) and (d) only 1) 2πi 2) 3πi
1 2
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

z2 −1 −1
26. Residue of z 2 +a 2 at z=al is 1) only u is harmonic function 1) 1 + i ± 6i 2) ( 1 + i ± 6i) 49. If f(z) = u +iv is an analytic function of z
2 2
1
2) only v is harmonic function 1 −1 such that u = x2 - y2, then the value of v is
1) 2a 2) i a 3) 2 ( 1 + i ± 3 + i) 4) 2
(6i ±
3) both u and v are harmonic function 1) xy 2) 2xy
3)
ia
4)2ai 4) both u and v are not harmonic function 3 + i) 3) -xy 4) -2xy
2
𝑧2
The value of ∫ 𝑥+3 dz where C is the circle
42. The critical points of the conformal 50. If w = f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function of
27. The conditions CR equations f(z) = u + iv to 35. 1
𝑐 transformation w = z + z are z = x + iy then which of the following is/are
be analytic are
z = 2 is true?
1) Ux = -Vy, Vx=Uy 1) 1 and 0 2) -1 and 0
1) 0 2) 4 dw ∂u ∂v ∂v ∂v
2) Ux=Vy, Vx = -Uy 4 3) 1 and -1 4) 1 and 1 1) dz
= ∂x
+ i ∂y 2)f’(z)=∂y + i ∂x
3) Ux = Vx, Uy = -Vy 3) -4 4) -5 1
∂w ∂w ∂w ∂w
e z −1 3) =i 4) = −i
36. The residue of the function e1/z at the 43. For the function f(z) = , the point z = 1 ∂y ∂x ∂x ∂y
4) Ux = Uy, Vx = -Vy (z−2)2
28. If the real part of the analytic function singular point z = 0 is is 1) (a) only 2) (d) only
f(z)=u+iv is constant then 1) 0 2) -1 1) a simple pole 3) (b) and (d) only 4) (b) and (c) only
1) v is not constant 3) 1 4) ∞ 2) a multiple pole 51. If c is a real constant on analytic function
2) f(z) is not a complex constant 37. Which one of the following is not an 3) a removable singularity whose real part is xy is
analytic function? −iz 2 z2
3) v is a constant 4) an essential singularity 1) 2
+ ic 2) 2
+c
4) f(z) is equal to zero 1) ez 2) sin z z 3 +1
z2 iz 2
44. The value of the integral ∫ z =3 dz 3) + ic 4) +c
29. The function zz is 3) cos z 4) z 2 z−1 (z−2)
2 2
38. If c is a real constant an analytic function is 52. The bilinear transformation which maps z =
1) analytic at (1, 1) 2) no where analytic
whose real part xy is 1) πi 2) 2 πi 0,1, ∞ onto w = -l, -i, 1 respectively is given
3) analytic at (-1, -1) 4) analytic in (2, 2)
−iz 2 z2 3)6 πi 4) 3 πi by
30. If f(z) = u + iv is analytic then f'(z) = 1) + ic 2) +c z z
2 2 45. Which of the following is a harmonic 1) w = z−i 2) w = z+i
1) ux+ivy 2) uy+ivx −z 2 −iz 2
3) ux+ivx 4) ux+ivx 3) + ic 4) + ic function? z−1 z+i
2 2
1) exx 2) ex sin y 3w= z+i
4) w = z−i
31. If f(z) = u+iv is an analytic function and 39. The bilinear transformation which maps z = 2
3) x + y 2
4) sin x cosy z 2 +1
v=xy then f(z) is equal to 1, i, ∞ into W = i, 1, o is 53. ∫ x−1 −1 z 2 −1
dz =
−z 2 1 i 46. If W = u + iv is an analytic function of z = x
1) 2
2) z +z 1) x 2) z 1) 0 2) 2π
2 + iy then which of the following is not true?
z2
1
∂2 w ∂2 w dw ∂w
3) 2 πi 4) -2 πi
3) 4) z2-z 3) iz 4) zi 1) + =0 2) = 1
2 ∂x 2 ∂y 2 dz ∂x 54. In the Laurent series for f(z) = z−4 at centred
32. If w=P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ) be a analytic function 40. If w = u(x,y) + iv(x, y) is an analytic dw ∂w ∂2 u ∂2 u
function of z = x + iy, then 3) dz
= −i ∂y 4) ∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = 0 at z = 1, the coefficient of (z-1)-2 is
then
∂u ∂v ∂u − ∂v 1) 3 2) -3
∂P
1) ∂r =
∂Q ∂P
2) ∂θ =
∂Q 1) ∂x = ∂x and ∂y
= ∂x
47. The bilinear transformation which maps z =
∂θ ∂r 1, i, ∞ into i, 1, 0 is 3) 9 4) -9
∂P 1 ∂Q ∂P −1 ∂Q ∂u − ∂v ∂u ∂v
3) − r ∂θ 4) = 2) ∂x = and = ∂x 1 i 55. f(z) = excos y + iex sin y is analytic
∂r ∂r r ∂θ ∂y ∂y 1) z 2) z
∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v 1) at the origin only
33. If w = u(x,y) + iv(x,y) be an analytic 3) ∂x = ∂x and ∂y
= ∂x 3) iz 4) zi
1
2) nowhere In the complex plane
function is equal to ∂u − ∂v ∂u ∂v
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 4) ∂x = and = − ∂x 48. The critical points of the transformation 3) everywhere In the complex plane
1) 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 2) 𝜕𝑥 − 𝑖 𝜕𝑦 ∂y ∂y
4) at all points on the real axis only
41. Invariant points of a bilinear transformation w = (z –1) (z - 2)
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑣 56. Given that P+Q and Q-P can be the real and
3) -𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 4) 𝜕𝑥 + 𝑖 𝜕𝑥 1+iz 1) z = l 2) z=2
w = − 1−iz is 3 4 imaginary parts of an analytic function
34. If f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function, then 3) z = 2 4) z = 5

3 4
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

respectively, which of the following is an 1) a circle, centre (0, 1) and radius 1 ϕ(0) 6. (1)
= 𝜓 ′ (0)
y
analytic function? 2) a straight line x =1 Statements (a) and (b are true
1+e 0
1) (P+Q) + i(P-Q) 2) (P-Q) + i(P+Q) = 2 cos 0 – 0 sin 0 C-R equation is
3) a hyperbola with vertex (1, 0)
3) P-iQ 4) p + iQ 2 ux = vy ; uy = -vx
4) a parabola with vertex at (-1, 0) =2
az +b ∴ Statement (c) is not correct
57. The bilinear transformation w = cz +d is e z dz
64. The value of the integral ∫c z(z−π)where =1
Given f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function
1) not conformal anywhere 3. (1)
c is ∴ ux = vy ; uy = - vx ...(1)
2) conformal everywhere except at one point
the circle z − 1 =2 is Consider f(z)= u - iv
3) conformal everywhere
1) 0 2) 4i = P + iQ
4) analytic everywhere
3) -2i 4) 2i where P = U ; Q = -V
58. If C is the curve 16x2 + y2 = l the value of
dz Now Px = ux ; Qx = -vx
∫c is DETAILED SOLUTIONS
z 2 +9 Py = uy ; Qy = -vya
π −π
1) 3 2) 1. (4) by (1)
3
1 2π The mapping f(z) is analytic and f’(z)≠ 0 Px≠ Qy and
3) 0 4) 3 tan−1 3 then the mapping w = f(z) is conformal. Py≠ -Qx
59. For the function e1/z the point z = 0 is f(z) = z2 – 2z – 3 Cauchy's theorem:
1) a simple pole ∴f(z) does not satisfy C-R equation
f’(z) = 2z - 2 If a function f(z) is analytic at all points
2) a pole of infinite order ∴f(z)= u-iv is not analytic
f’(z) = 0 inside
3) an essential singularity 2z-2 = 0 ∴ Statement (d) is not true
and on a closed contour C, then
4) a regular point 7. (4)
2(z-l) = 0 ∫c f(z) dz = 0
60. Which of the following is not an analytic z=1 Let z = x + iy
3z 2 +7z+1
function? let f(z) = and w = u + iv
∴ f’(l) = 0 z+1
1
1) ez 2) sin z This implies w = f(z) is not conformal at f(z) is not analytic at z = -l w=z
3) coshz 4) | z |2 z=l. but z = -l lies outside the circle z = 0.5 1
⇒z=w
61. If w = u(x, y) + iv (x, y) is analytic, then 2. (2) ∴ f(z) is analytic inside and on z = 0.5 1
dw 2 ϕ(z) ∴ By Cauchy's theorem ∫c f(z)dz =0 ⇒ x + iy = u+iv
dz
= If f(z) = ψ(z)
1 u−iv
∂(u,v) ∂(x,y) 4. (3) = u+iv × u−iv
1) ∂(x,y) 2) ∂(x,y) and ψ a = 0ϕ (a) ≠ 0 1
x2 u−iv
∂(v,u) ∂(y,x) then f(z) = ze = u 2 +v 2
3) ∂(x,y) 4) ∂(u,v) ϕ(a) 1 1 2 1 3 u v
Residue (at z = a) ψ′(a) z2 z2 z2 = u 2 +v 2 − i u 2 +v 2
62. Given that u = ex sin y as the real part of an =z 1+ 1!
+ 2!
+ 3!
+⋯
1+e z u −v
consider ϕ(a) = zcos ∴x= ;v =
analytic function, the corresponding z + sin z 1 1 1 u 2 +v 2 u 2 +v 2
= z + z + 2z 3 + 6z 5 … Given straight line is
imaginary part is ϕ(z) = 1 + ez
1
1) eysinx ϕ(z) = = zcos+sinz The principal part powers of contains 2x + 3y + 5 = 0
z−0 u −v
2) -excos y + ic where c is a real constant ϕ(0) = l + e0 =2 ⇒2 +3 +5=0
infinite number of levins. Therefore z = 0 is u 2 +v 2 u 2 +v 2
3) -excos y+c2 where c is a real constant 𝜓 (0) = 0 + 0 = 0 2 2
⇒ 5(u + v ) 2u-3v = 0
an essential singularity.
4) excos (xy) Now 𝜓'(z) = cos z-z sin z+cos z 5. (2) ∴ Image is a circle.
63. The transformation w = z2 transforms the = 2cos z-z sin z Required analytic function is 8. (3)
line y= 1 into Residue (at z = 0) f(z) = z4
5 6
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

If w = P(r, θ) + iQ(r, θ) 1 1
⇒ur = vθ =
r x+iy
is analytic, then polar form of C-R equations −1 1 x−iy
and vr = r
vθ = x+iy × x−iy
are
∂P 1 ∂Q i.e. uθ = −rvr x−iy
= = x 2 +y 2
∂r r ∂θ 16. (4)
x −y
∂Q −1 ∂P Let f(z) = u + iv ⇒ f(z) = +i
= x 2 +y 2 x 2 +y 2
∂r r ∂θ f(z) = z + 2z ∴ The velocity potential
11. (3) = (x + iy) + 2(x-iy) x
ϕ = x 2 +y 2
By Cauchy’s integral formula, f(z) = u + iv is an analytic function, then u = 3x-iy
if z0𝜖 C then and v satisfy Laplace equation. ⇒ u = 3x; v = -y 18. (1)
1 1
1 f z dz 12. (4) ux =3 ; uy = 0 Given circle z = 2 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 2
f’(z0) = 2πi ∫c (z−z 2
0) u(x, y) = C1 and v(x, y) = c2
z 2 +5 dz
vx = 0; vy = -l 1 2
consider ∫c are orthogonal if prouduct of their slopes = - Clearly ux ≠ vy ⇒ x2 + y2 =
(z−1)2 2
1 So C.R. equations are not satisfied.
f (z) = z2+5 This is a circle with centre at origin and
i.e., m1m2 = -1 This implies f(z) is not analytic everywhere 1
f'(z) = 2z radius = 2
13. (4) in the complex plane.
f'(l) = 2(1)=2
f(z) = u + iv 17. (1)
By (1)
Given imaginary part = constant The complex potential
1 z 2 +5 dz
f’(1) = 2πi ∫c (z−1)2 ⇒ v = constant f(z) = ϕ + iψ
∂v ∂v −y
z 2 +5 dz ⇒ ∂x = 0; ∂y = 0
⇒∫c = 2πi f’(1) Given ψ = x 2 +y 2
(z−1)2
= 2πi × 2 by C-R equations x 2 + y 2 0 + y. 2x
∂u ∂v ψx = 2z+1
Consider ∫c z 2 +z dz
= 4πi = =0 (x 2 + y 2 )2
9. (1) ∂x ∂y 2yx Equating the denominator to zero
∂u ∂v
= x 2 +y 2 2
Solution: and ∂y = ∂x = 0 z2 + z = 0
ψx (z, 0) = 0
Residue of f(z) at a simple pole z = a ∂u ⇒z(z+1) = 0
⇒ ∂x = 0 x 2 +y 2 −1 +2y 2
lim ψy = x 2 +y 2 2 ⇒ z = 0, -1
is (z-a) f(z) ∂u
x→0 and ∂v = 0 −x 2 −y 2 +2y 2 The point z = 0 lies inside the circle.
z 3 +5z−7 = x 2 +y 2 2 2z+1
For f(z) = z−2 (z+3)2 ⇒ u is constant. Let f(z) = z 2 +z
y 2 −x 2
z = 2 is a simple pote and 14. (3) = x 2 +y 2 2 Residue of f(z) at z = 0
∂P ∂Q
z = -3 is a pole of order 2 f’(z) = e−iθ +i z2 −1 lim
∂r ∂r ψy (z, 0) = z 4 = = (z-0) f(z)
∴ Residue at the simple pole z = 2 is z2 x→0
15. (2) ∴ By Miline – Thomdon method lim 2z+1
lim z 3 +5z−7
The necessary and sufficient conditions for = z.
x→2
(z - 2) z−2 (z+3)2 f(z) = ∫ ψy z, 0 + iψx (z, 0) dz x → 0 z(z+1)
lim z 3 +5z+7 the function lim 2z+1
= =∫
−1
+ i0 dz =
x → 2 (z+3)2 f(z) = u(r, θ) + i v(r, θ) to be analytic is z2 z → 0 z+1
8+10+7 25 ∂u 1 ∂v dz −1 =1
= 25 = 25 = = -∫ z 2 = −
∂r r ∂θ
z By Cauchy’s residue theorem
=1 1
∂v −1 ∂u =z
10. (1) and ∂r = r ∂θ

7 8
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

∫c f(z) dz = 2πi [sum of residues of points By Milne - Thompson method ⇒ |w – 2 - 3i | = 2 since u is constant
inside c] f(z) = ∫
∂u ∂u
z, 0 − i ∂y (z, 0) dz ⇒ |w-(2+3l)| = 2 ⇒ux = 0 and uy = 0
∂x
z = 0 is the only point inside c −1
By CR equations
2z+1 =∫ z2
− i 0 dz 0 = ux = vy
∴ ∫c z 2 +z dz = 2πi (Residue at z = 0)
1 1 ⇒ vy = 0 ....(1)
= 2πi × 1 = 2πi = -∫ z 2 dz = z
1 25. (1) Also
19. (4) ∴ f(z) = z By Cauchy - Goursat theorem if f is analytic 0 = uy = -vx
1 2 1 4

cos
1
=1- z
+ z
- ....
21. (4) function in the region enclosed by the curve ⇒vx = 0 ....(2)
z 2! 4! Cauchy - Riemann equations of
1 1
C, then By (1) and (2)
= 1 - 2z 2 + 24z 4 − ⋯ f(z) = u(r, θ) + iv (r, 0) ∫c f(z)dz = 0 v is a constant.
1 1 1 ∂u 1 ∂v
z coscos = z - 2z + 24z 2 - .... is ∂r
=
r ∂θ
f(z) = z + 1 is analytic in every region 29. (2)
z
Residue of z = 0 ∂v
and ∂r =
1 ∂u ∴ f(z) = z + 1 is analytic inside C Let z = x + iy
1 1 r ∂θ
∴ ∫c (z+1)dz = 0 then z = x - iy
= coefficient of z−0 = z ⇒ rur = v0
26. (3) f(z) = zz
−1 and rvr = -uθ
= 2 Result: Residue of f(z) at the pole z = a is = (x + iy) (x - iy)
20. (3) lim = x2 + y2 = u + iv
1 1 22. (4) (z-a) f(z) ⇒ u = x2 + y2
clearly z = x+iy x→0
w = f(z) is analytic then it is independent of z2 v=0
1 x−iy Let f(z) = z 2 +a 2
= x+iy × x−iy z ∂u
∂w z2 ⇒ ux = ∂x = 2x
x−iy ∴ ∂z = 0 = z+ai (z−ai ) ∂u
= uy = ∂y = 2y
x 2 +y 2
x y 23. (2) Residue at z = ai
= x 2 +y 2 − i x 2 +y 2 Let u = 2x - x2 + my2 lim ∂v
vx = ∂x = 0
= z − ai f(z)
1 x ∂u z → ai ∂v
∴ Re z
= x 2 +y 2 − 2 − 2x lim z2 vy = ∂y = 0
∂x = z − ai z+ai (z−ai )
1
∂2 u
z → ai
=z Clearly ux≠vy
∂x 2
= -2 lim z 2
= uy≠ vx
Method : 2 ∂u z → ai z+ai
x
u = x 2 +y 2 = 2my (ai ) 2 ∴ C.R equations are not satisfied.
∂y = ai +ai
∂2 u
∴ f(z) is nowhere analytic.
∂u x 2 + y 2 − x. 2x = 2m (ai )2
= ∂y 2 = 30. (3)
∂x (x 2 + y 2 )2 2ai
If f(z) is analytic
Given u is harmonic ai
y 2 −x 2 =
=
(x 2 +y 2 )2 ∂2 u ∂2 u 2 then f'(i) = ux + ivx
+ =0 27. (2) = vy - iuy
∂u 02 −z 2 −z 2 −1 ∂x 2 ∂y 2
∂x
(z, 0) = z 2 +02 2
= z4
= z2
CR equations are 31. (3)
⇒ -2 + 2m = 0
Now, ux = vy ; uy = -vx Method -1
⇒m=1
∂u 0−x.2y −2xy i.e. ux = vy, vx = -uy
∂y
= (z 2 +02 )2 = (x 2 +y 2 )2 24. (3) v = xy
28. (3) ∂v ∂v
∂u −2.z.0 w = z + 2 + 3i = y; = x
(z, 0) = By CR equations ∂x ∂y
∂y z 2 +02 2 z = w – 2 - 3i
=0 ux = vy ; uy = -vx
z=2
∴vm
9 10
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

∂v ∂v Let f(z) = u + iv z = 1−iz


1+iz
z, 0 = 0; z, 0 = z
∂x ∂y then u = x2 + y2; v=0
⇒1 + iz = z(1-iz)
By Milne – Thompson method ∂u ∂u
= 2x; = 2y ⇒1 + iz = z - iz2
f(z) = ∫
∂v ∂v
z, 0 + i ∂x (z, 0) dz ∂x ∂y
∂y ⇒ iz2 + iz – z + l = 0
∂v ∂v
∫(z + i0) dz = 0; = 0 ⇒ iz2 + z(i-1) +1 = 0
∂x ∂y
z2 − i−1 ± (i−1)2 −4i
= ∂u
∴∂x ≠ ∂y
∂v ∴z= 2i
2
Method : 2 − i−1 ± −1+1−2i−4i
Cauchy’s Theorem : ∂u ∂v =
From the given choices and ∂y ≠ ∂x 2i
If a function f(z) is analytic at all points 1 − i−1 ± −6i
z2 C.R. equation is not satisfied =
if f(z) = inside and on a closed curve C 2 i
2
So f(z)= z 2 is not analytic. 1
= 2 − i − 1 × −i ± (−i) −6i
z2 (x+iy )2 then ∫c f(z)dz = 0
then f(z) = 2
= 2 38. (1)
z2 1
x 2 −y 2 +2ixy Let f(z)= z+3 iz 2 ∵ = −i
= If f(x) = u + iv = - 2 + ic i
2
clearly f(z) is not analytic at z = -3 1
=
x 2 −y 2
+ i2xy then = -2 −i2 + i ± i2 (−6i)
2 But this point lies outside the circle z =2 −i(x+iy )2 1
= u + iv Hence, f(z) is analytic at all points interior f(z) = 2
+ ic =- 2 1 + i ± 6i
⇒ v = xy and on −i x 2 −y 2 +2ixy 42. (1)
= 2
+ ic
So required analytic function the closed curve C dw
y 2 −x 2 Critical points are given by =0 and
z2 dz
f(z) = Where C is z =2 = xy + i 2
+c
dw
2
Hence, by Cauchy's theorem −iz 2 dz
=∞
32. (3) ∴ if f(z) = + ic 1
2
∫c f(z)dz = 0 w=z+z
Let f(z) = P (r, θ) + i(Q(r, θ) Then, the real part is xy
z2 dw 1
then Polar form of Cauchy-Riemann i.e., ∫c z+3 dz = 0 39. (2) = 1- z 2
dz
equations are i
36. (2) If w = z then dw 1
=0 ⇒ 1 – z 2 = 0
∂P 1 ∂Q 1 1 2 1 3 i
dz
= when z = 1, w = 1 = i ⇒ z2 = 1
∂r r ∂θ
∂Q 1 ∂P et/z = 1 + z + z + z i ⇒z=1
1! 2! 3! when z = i, w = i = 1
= 1 1 1 dw 1
∂r r ∂θ = 1 + z + 2x 2 + 6z 2 + ⋯ i =∞⇒ 1 – z 2 = ∞
when z = ∞, w = ∞ = 0 dz
33. (3) t/z 1
Residue of e at z = 0 i ⇒ z2 = ∞
Result : 1 1 ∴ Required bilinear transform is w = z
If z = x + iy and w = f(z) = coefficient of (z−0) = z ⇒z=0
40. (1)
then
dw
=
∂w
in the series expansion of et/z = 1 ∴ 1 and 0 are the critical points.
dz ∂x By Cauchy - Reimann equations if w = u +
dw ∂u 𝜕𝑣 37. (4) 43. (4)
∴ dx = + i 𝜕𝑥 iv is an analytic function then,
∂x Let f(z) = z 2 1 1
∂u ∂v
= ∂x and ez−1
34. (3) where z = x + iy ∂x (z − 2)
Result: z 2 = x2 + y2 ∂u ∂v 1 1 1
=− 1+ +
If f(z) = u+iv is an analytic function then then f(z) = z 2 ∂y ∂x (z − 2)2 (z − 1) 2! (z − 1)2
both u and v are harmonic functions. = x2 + y2 41. (2) 1
+ +⋯
35. (1) = (x2 + y2) + i 0 Invariant points are given by 3! (z − 1)3
11 12
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

The principal part contains infinite number then


∂z
= ex sin y having u = x2 – y2 as real part 1−∞ lim 1−t
∂x
=
of terms. So, z = l is an essential singularity. ∂u(z,0) ∂u z−∞ t→∞ z−t
∂2 z f(z) = ∫ − i ∂y (z, 0) dz 1
44. (3) ∂x 2
= ex sin y ∂x lim t −1
= z
∂z = ∫ 2z − 0 dz t → ∞ t −1
Cauchy's Residue theorem : = excos y
∂y = z2 =1
∫c f(z)dz =2πi × sum of all residues of f(z) ∂2 z
= ex sin y Let f(z) = u + iv Now (1) ⇒
inside C ∂y 2
then u + iv = z2 w+1 − 1+i 2
z 2 +1 ∂2z ∂2 z =z
Let f(z) = z−1 (z−2)
∴∂x 2 + ∂y 2 = ex sin y – ex sin y = 0 = (x + iy)2 w−1 2
w+1
∴ exsin y is a harmonic function = x2 – y2 + i2xy ⇒ w−1 (−i) = z
46. (1) ∴ v = 2xy w+1
⇒ = iz
∂2 w ∂2 w 50. (2) w−1
∂x 2
+ ∂y 2
= 0 is not true ⇒ w + 1 = iz w – 1)
Formula:
iz +1
47. (2) If w = f(z) ⇒ w = iz −1
i dw ∂w 1
If w = z then then = and i z+
i
dz ∂x = 1
i

z dw ∂w i z−
w=z i
= −i z−i
dz ∂y = z+i
Poles of f(z) are z=l and z=2 ∂w ∂w
1 i ∴ ∂x = −i ∂y z−i
Clearly z=l and z = 2 lies inside the circle ∴ Required bilinear transform w = z+i
i 1
z =3 51. (1) 53. (4)
∞ 0
Residue of f(z) at z = l Let f(z) = u + iv Cauchy's Residue theorem
it i −iz c
∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of residues inside C
= z − 1 f(z) ∴ w = z is the required transform. If f(z) = + ic
z→1 2
it z 2 +1 48. (3) −i(x+iy )2
= z − 1 z−1 (z−2) then f(z) = 2
+ ic
z→1 w = z2 – 3z + 2
1+1 2 −i x 2 −y 2 +2ixy
= 1−2 = −1 dw
= 2z-3 = 2
+ ic
dz
Residue at z=2 y 2 −x 2
Critical points is given by = xy + i 2
+c
it dw
= z − 2 f(z) =0 ∴ u = xy
z→2 dz
it (z 2 +1) −iz 2
= z − 2 z−1 (z−2) ⇒ 2z – 3 = 0 So if f(z) = + ic then the real part is xy.
z→2 2
3
4+1 ⇒z= 52. (3) z + 1 = 1 ⇒ z − −1 = 1
= 2−1 = 5 2
49. (2) If (w1, w2, w3, w4) = (z1, z2, z3, z4) is a circle with centre z = -l and radius = 1
By Cauchy Residue theorem z 2 +1
u = x2 – y2 then Let f(z) = z 2 −1
∴∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of residues inside ∂u ∂u w1 − w2 w3 − w4 z1 − z2 z3 − z4 z 2 +1
z =3 = 2x; z, 0 = 2z = =
∂x ∂x w2 − w3 (w4 − w1 ) z2 − z3 (z4 − z1 ) z+1 (z−1)
= 2πi × (-2+5) ∂u ∂u we have (z, 0, 1, ∞) = (w, -1, -i, 1) Poles -z =1,-1
= −2y; z, 0 = 0
= 6πi ∂y ∂y ⇒
z−0 (1−∞)
=
w+1 (−i−1) z = -l lies inside z+1! = 1
z 2 +1 By Milne Thompson method analytic z−∞ (1−0)
w−1 (−i−1)
∴ ∫ x =3 = 6πi w+1 −i−1 (1+i) z(1−∞)
Residue at z = -1
z−1 (z−2)
function ⇒ w−1 1−i (1+i)
= (z−∞)
lim
45. (2) = (z + l)f(z)
f(z) Now z → −1
If z = ex sin y dz
13 14
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Functions of Complex Variables and Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Complex Integration

lim z 2 +1 ∴ f(z) is analytic everywhere in the complex ∂u ∂u


= (z + l) z−1 (z+1) ∂(u,v) ∂x ∂y
z → −1 plane. Let J = ∂(x,y) =
lim z 2 +1 ∂v ∂v
= 56. (4) ∂x ∂y
z → −1 z−1
2 Let u = P+Q ∂u ∂v ∂u ∂v
= −2 = -1 = ∂x ∂y − ∂y ∂x ....(1)
v = Q-P
By Cauchy’s residue theorem by C R. equations Given w = u + iv is analytic
∴∫c f(z)dz) = 2πi×-l ux = vy ∴ w satisfies C.R. equation
∂u ∂v
= -2πi uy= -vx i.e., ∂x = ∂y
54. (1) ∂P ∂Q ∂Q ∂P
∴∂x + ∂y = − ∂y .... (1) ∂u ∂v
w = z-1 ∂y =−
∂P ∂Q ∂Q ∂P ∂y ∂x
then z-4 = w-3 + ∂y = − ∂x + ∂x dz
∂y Let ∫f(z) dz = ∫c z 2 +9 ∴ (1) ⇒
1 1
f(z) = z−4 = w−3 ∂P ∂Q
⇒ ∂x − ∂x = ∂y + ∂y
∂P ∂Q
....(2) dz ∂u ∂u ∂v ∂v
1 = ∫c − −
= 3 (1) + (2)
z+3i (z−3i) ∂x ∂x ∂x ∂x
w 1−
w The points z =3i, -3i lies outside C ∂u 2 ∂v 2
∂P
⇒2 ∂x = 2 ∂y
∂Q = +
1 3 −1 ∴ By Cauchy Goursattheoem ∂x ∂x
=2 1−w ∂u ∂v 2
∂P ∂Q dz = +i
1 3 32 ⇒ ∂x = ....(3) ∫c f(z)dz = 0 ⇒∫c z 2 +9 = 0 ∂x ∂x
= w 1 + w + w2 + ⋯ ∂y
∂w 2
1 3 32
(1) - (2) ⇒ 59. (3) = ∂x
= w + w 2 + w 3 + .... ∂Q ∂P 1 1 1
2 = −2 e1/2 = 1 + + + +⋯ dw 2 dw ∂w
1 3 32 ∂x ∂y z 2! z 2 3! z 3 = dz
∵ dz
= ∂x
= (z−1) + (z−1)2 + (z−1)3 + ⋯ 1 1 1
∂P ∂Q = 1+ + = +⋯ 62. (3)
1 ⇒∂y = ∂x
....(4) (z−0) 2 2(z−0) 3 6(z−0)
∴ Coefficient of (z−1)2 = 3 1 Given u = ex sin y
by (3) and (4) since z−0
terms are infinite, z = 0 is an ∂u
55. (3)
∂x
= ex sin y
f(z) = P + iQsatisties essential singularity
w = f(z) = excos y + iex sin y ∂u
C.R. equations 60. (4)
∂y
= excos y
w = u + iv
∴ P + iQ is an analytic function Consider f(z) = z 2 If v = -excos y + c2
= ex (cos y + i sin y)
57. (2) = x2 + y2 ∂v
u = excos y then ∂x = -excos y
A function w=f(z) is not confoltnui z0 then if f(z) = u + iv then
v = ex sin y dw d ∂v
∂u = f’ (z0) if z0 = -a u = x2 + y2; v = 0 = ex sin y
x ∂y
∂x
= e cos y dz
∂u ∂u
∂u
then f(z) is not analytic. = 2x; = 2y clearly
= −ex sin y ∂x ∂y ∂u ∂v
∂y 58. (3) =
∂v ∂v ∂x ∂y
∂v
= ex sin y 16x2 + y2 = 1 = 0; = 0 ∂u ∂v
∂x ∂x ∂y and ∂y =- ∂x
x2
∂v
= e cos y x + y2 = 1 ∂u ∂v
∴∂x ≠ ∂y and ∂y ≠
∂u − ∂y
∂y 1/16 ∂x C.R. equations are satisfied
∂u
∴ ∂x = ∂y
∂v x2 y2 C.R equation is not statistical v = -excos y + c2
+ =1
1 2 1 So f(z) = z 2 is not analytic is the required imaginary part.
∂u ∂v
=− 4 61. (1) 63. (4)
∂y ∂x w = z2
C.R. equations are satisfied u + iv = (x + iv)2
15 16
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Functions of Complex Variables and
Complex Integration Laplace, Fourier, and Z
Transforms
= x2 – y2 + 2ixy ez
Let f(z) =z(z−π)
∴ u = x2 – y2
Poles are z = 0, π Previous Year Solved Questions
v = 2xy
Clearly z = 0 lies inside z − 1 = 2
when y = 1
lim 𝟏
8. The Fourier sine transform of 𝐱𝐞−𝐱𝟐/𝟐 is
u = x2 – 1 Res at z = 0 = (z - 0) f(z) 1. The inverse Laplace transform of 𝐒𝟐 +𝟒𝐒+𝟏𝟑
z→0 2 2
v = 2x lim e z is 1) e−s 2 2) Se−s 2
= 1 1
Eliminating x z → 0 z(z−π) 1) 2 e-t sin2t 2) 3 e-2t sin3t 3) e−s/2 4) Se−s/2
v 2 e0 −1
u= -1 = 0−π = π
1
3) 3 e-2 cos3t
1
4) 2 e-t cos2t
9. The Z-transform of {nan} is
2
z a2 z
v 2 By Cauchy residue theorem – 1) (z−a)2 2) (z−a)2
⇒ =u+1
2 ∫c f(z)dz = 2πi × sum of the residues inside 2. If satisfies y´´+3y´+2y=e-t with y(0) =0 = az az 2
v2 = 4(u+1) C
3) (z−a)2 4) (z−a)2
y´(0) then the Laplace transform of y is
This is a parabola with vertex (-1, 0) ez −1 1 1 DETAILED SOLUTIONS
64. (3) ∴∫c z(z−π) dz = 2πi × π
= -2i 1) 2)
S+1 (S+2) S+1 (S+2)2 1. (2)
1 1
3) 4) Formula :
S+1 2 (S+2) S−1 2 (S−2)
1 1
𝐒𝟐 L-1 (𝑆−𝑎)2 +𝑏 2
= b eat sinbt
3. If L{f(t)} = (𝐒𝟐 +𝟒)𝟐 , then f(t) =
-1 1 1
1 1 1 L 𝑆 2 +4𝑆+13 = L-1 (𝑆+2)2 +9
1) 4 sin2t + 2 cos2t 2) 4 sin2t + tcos2t
1
1 1
3) 2 sin2t + 4 cos2t
1
4) 4 cos2t + t sint = 3 e−2t sin3t

4. Fourier sine transform of e-|𝒙|is 2. (3)


2S 1 L(y´´ + 3𝑦´ + 2𝑦) = L(e-t)
1) 1−S 2 2) S 2 +1
⇒ (S2L(y)-S y(0)-y´(0)]+3[sL(y)-y(0)]+2L(y)
S 1
3) 1+S 2 4) S 2 −1 1
= S+1
5. If FC (S) is the Fourier cosine transform of Substituting y(0) = y´(0) = 0
𝑺 1
f(x) and FC(ax) = kFC 𝒂
then the value of k L(y)[S2+3S+2] = S+1
Join Us on FB :
is 1
English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil 1
⇒ L(y) = (S 2 +3S+2)(S+1)
1) a 2) a 1
1 −1 = S+1 S+2 (S+1)
3) a 2 4) a 1
Whatsapp Group =
𝐙 S+1 2 (S+2)
6. The inverse Z-transform of (𝐙+𝟏)𝟐 is
English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here 3. (1)
1) n(-1)n 2) n(-1)n-1
Formula:
3) (n-1)(-1)n 4) n(-1)n+1 𝑆2 1
∞ L-1 (𝑆 2 +𝑎 2 )2
= 2a [sin at+at cos at]
7. The value of the integration ∫ e-2tt sin t dt is 𝑆2
𝟎 ∴ f(t) = L-1 (𝑆 2 +4)2
1 2
1) 25 2) 25 𝑆2
= L-1 (𝑆 2 +22 )2
3 4
3) 25 4) 25 1
= 2 x 2 (sin 2t+2t cos2t)
17 1
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Numerical Methods
Laplace, Fourier, and Z
Transforms
Previous Year Questions & Detailed Solutions
1 t −d
= 4 sin 2t + 2 cos 2t = (L(sin t)) 1
ds 1. The rate of convergence in the Gauss-Seidal
−d 1
3) h 2 [y(x0-h)-y(x0)+y(x0+h)]
4. (3) = method is________as fast as in Gauss
S ds 𝑠 2 +1 1
Fourier sine transform of e−|x| = 1+S 2 Jacobi’smethod
4) h 2 [y(x0-h)+y(x0)+y(x0+h)
5. (1) (𝑠 2 +1).0−1∗2𝑠 1) thrice 2) half-times 7. For the following data
=- (𝑠 2 +1)2 X 0 2 4 6
Formula: 3) twice 4) three by two times
2s 1
1 𝑆 = (𝑠 2 +1)2
Fc{f(ax)} = a Fc 2. In application of Simpsons 3
rd rule, Y -1 3 7 11
𝑎
𝑆 ∞ theinterval h for closer approximation
∴ Fc(ax) = k Fc In ∫ e−2t t sin t dt, s = 2 the straight line y=mx+c by the method of
𝑎 should be
⇒k=a
1 0 least square is
∞ 1) small 2) odd and large
2∗2 4 1) y=-2x-l 2) y=x-l
6. (4) ∴∫ e−2t t sin t dt = (22 +1)2 = 25 3) large 4) even and small
Formula: 0 3. Which of the following is a step by step 3) y=l-2x 4) y=2x-l
-1 𝑎𝑧 n 8. (1) method? 8. The velocity v (km/min) of a train which
Z (𝑧−𝑎)2
= na 2 2
Sine transform of xe−x /2 is e−x /2 1) Taylor’s method starts from rest, is given at fixed intervals of
𝑧 (−1)𝑧
Z-1 (𝑧+1)2 = (-1) Z-1 (𝑧−(−1))2
9. (3) 2) Picards method time t(min) as follows:
t 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
= (-1)n (-1)n We know that 3) Adams Bashforth method
z
= n(-1)n+1 z(an) = z−a 4) Eulers method v 10 18 25 29 32 20 11 5 2 0

7. (4) and 4. The interpolation polynomial from the data


The approximate distance covered by
By the definition of Laplace transform d x 0 1 3 1
Zn(f(n)) = -zdz (Z f(n)) Simpson's 3 rule is

d
L{f(t)} = ∫ e−st f(t) dt ∴z(n an) = -zdz (Z (an)) f(x) 5 4 8 1) 306.3 2) 309.3
0 d z 2 2 3) 310.3 4) 307.3
∞ = -zdz 1) x – 2x + 5 2) x + 2x +5
z−a 9. Find the cubic polynomial by Newton’s
Consider ∫ e−st t sin t dt 𝑧−𝑎 .1−𝑧.1 az 3) 2x2 – 2x + 5 4) 2x2 – 5x +5
0 = -z (𝑧−𝑎)2
= (z−a)2 a+2h forward difference which takes the
5. The value of the integration a
f x dxis
= L (t sin t) following:
approximately equal to X 0 1 2 3
h
1) [f(a)+3f(a+h)+f(a+2h)]
2
h
f(x) 1 2 1 10
2) 3 [f(a)+4f(a+h)+f(a+2h)]
h then f(4) is
3) 3 [f(a)+2f(a+h)+f(a+2h)]
Join Us on FB : 1) 40 2) 41
h
4) 2 [f(a)+4f(a+h)+f(a+2h)] 3) 39 4) 42
English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil dy
d2y 10. The first derivative at x=0 for the given
6. The finite difference approximation for dx 2 dx

at x = x0 is data
Whatsapp Group
1 X 0 1 2 3
1) h 2 (y(x0-h)-2y(x0)+y(x0+h)]
English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here 1
2) h 2 [y(x0-h)+2y(x0)+y(x0+h)] f(x) 2 1 2 5

2 1
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Numerical Methods Numerical Methods

1 f xn f xn
1) 2 2) -2 3)h 2 Δ2 + Δ3 + Δ4 + ⋯ fn 3) xn+1 = xn + f′ 4) xn+1 = xn - f′ 30. What is the highest degree of a polynomial
xn xn
3) -1 4) 1 1 2 3 11 4
whose definite integration using
1 4) h 2 Δ − Δ − 12 Δ − ⋯ fn 24. Power method is used to find 1
11. Error in Simpson’s 3 rule is of the order 1) all eigen values only Simpson’s3rule gives the exact value?
18. By Taylor’s series method solution of
1) –h2 2) h3 2) all eigen vectors only 1) 1 2) 2
y'=x2 + y2; y(0) = 1 is
4 2h 3 3) 3 4) 4
3) h 4) 1) y=l+x – x2 2) y = 1-x+x2 3) all eigen values and eigen vectors
3
4 4) numerically largest eigen value and the 31. The global error arising in using Runge -
12. If α, β and γ are the roots of x3 + px2 + qx+1 3) y=x+ x2+x3 4) y=l+x+x2+3 x 3
corresponding eigen vector Kutta method of fourth order to solve an
= 0, then the equation whose roots are 19. Error in the Trapezoidal rule is of the order
−1 −1 −1 25. Lagrangean interpolation polynomial which ordinary differential equation is of
α
, β
, γ
is 1) -h 2) h3 1) 0(h2) 2) 0(h3)
4
passes through the points (0, 1), (1, 2), (3,
1) x3 + qx2 – px – l=0 3) h 4) h2 10) is 3) 0(h4) 4) 0(h5)
2) x3+qx3-px+1=0 20. A river is 80 ft wide, the depth d in feet at a 1) x2 + l 2) x2-1 32. Simpson’s one-thid rule integration is exact
3) x3-qx2+px-l =0 distance x ft. from one bank is given by the 3) x3+l 4) x3-1 for all polynomial of degree not exceeding
4) x3- qx2+px+l=0 following table: d2y 1) 2 2) 3
26. dx 2
is approximately equal to
13. In Jacobi’s iteration method to get the x 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 3) 4 4) 5
y i+1 −y i −1 y i+1 + y i −1
(r+ 1)thiterates, we use the 1) 2h
2) 2h
33. With usual notations, the value of (1+Δ) (1-
y 0 4 7 9 12 15 14 8 3
1) values of the rthiterates 3)
y i−1 −2y i +y i+1
4)
y i−1 +2y i +y i+1 ∇) is
h2 h2
2) values of the (r -1)thiterates Approximately the area of cross section by 1) 0 2) 2
27. The scheme
3) values of the (r+ 1)th iterates Simpson’s 1/3 rule is a+2h h
3) 1 4) 4
4) latest available values a
f(x)dx = 3
[f(a) + 4f(a + h)+f(a + 2h) 34. The modified Newton-Raphson formula of
1) 712 sq.ft. 2) 680 sq.ft.
14. If h is the length of the intervals, then the 3) 710 sq.ft. 4) 610 sq.ft. is called finding the root of the equation f(x)=0 is
error in the trapezoidal rule is of order dy 1) Trapezoidal rule f′ x n
21. The first derivative dx at x= 4 for the data. 1) xn+1 = xn − f xn
1) h 2) h2 2) Simpson’s 1/3 rule
3
4) h4 X 0 1 2 3 4 3) Simpson’s 3/8 rule f xn
3) h 2) xn+1 = xn − f′ x n −f n x n f x n
15. If E is the translation operator, then the 4) Weddle’s rule 2f′ x n
f(x) 1 -2 -3 -2 1 f xn
central difference operator δ is 28. The Lagrange’s interpolation polynomial 3) xn+1 = xn − f′ xn
1) E1/2 + E-1/2 2) E1/2 - E-1/2 1) -4 2) 4 curve passing through the points (0, 1) (1, 0)
1 1 f′ x n
3) 2 (E1/2 + E-1/2) 4) -2 (E1/2 + E-1/2) 3) 16 4) –16 and (3, 10) is 4) xn+1 = xn + f′′ x n f x n
f xn −
22. If x0 and x1 are two points, f(x0) and f(x1) 1) x2-2x+l 2) -4x2+ 3x + 1 2f′ x n
16. If Δf(x) = f(x + h)-f(x), E f(x) =f(x + h) and 2 1 dx
h h are of opposite signs, then the root x2 by 3) 2x – 3x +1 4) x2 – x +1 35. The value of 0 1+x 2
Trapezoidal rule with
δf(x)= x + 2 − f x − 2 then Δ∇ is regular falsi method is equal to 29. Which of the following formulas is a h = 0.2 is
1) δ2 2) δ 1)
x 0 f x 1 −x 1 f x 0
2)
x 0 f x 1 −x 1 f x 0 particular case of Runge-Kutta formula of 1) 0.687322 2) 0.877323
f x 1 −f x 0 f x 1 −f x 0
3) δ1/2 4 δ1/2 + δ-1/2 second order? 3) 0.727333 4) 0.783732
x 1 f x 0 −x 0 f x 1 x 0 f x 1 −x 1 f x 0
d2 y 3) 4) 1) Taylar series formula
17. Expression for using Newton’s f x 1 −f x 0 f x 0 −f x 1 36. Simpson’s one-third rule of integration is
dx 2 x=x n 2) Picard’s formula
23. The Newton-Raphson iteration scheme to exact for all polynomial of degree not
backward interpolation 3) Euler’s modified formula
find an approximate real root of the exceeding
1 11
1) h 2 ∇2 fn + ∇3 fn + 12 ∇4 fn + ⋯ equationf(x) = 0 is 4) Milne’s predictor formula 1) 2 2) 3
1 f xn f xn
2) h 2 ∇2 − Δ2 − Δ4 − ⋯ fn 1) xn+1 = xn + f′ xn
2) xn+1 = xn - f′ xn
3) 4 4) 5

2 3
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Numerical Methods Numerical Methods

37. Which of the following formula is a a 49. Milne’s predictor value of y(0, 4) given Euler’s method is a step by step method.
3) xn+1 = xn + x
n 2x
particular case of Runge - Kutta formula of a thaty'= y- , y(0) = 1 4. (1)
the second order? 4) xn+1 = xn − x y
Consider f(x) = x2-2x+5
n
y'(0.1)=0.9.
1) Taylor series formula 43. The iteration formula given by Newton- then f(0) = 02-2(0)+5 = 5
y'(0.2) = 0.8, y'(0.3) =0.7 is
2) Picard’s formula Raphson method to find to root of the 23 33 f(l) = l2-2(l)+5 = 4
3) Euler’s modified formula equation x sin x+cos x=0 is 1) 15 2) 25 f(3) = 32-2(3)+5 = 8
x n sin x n +cos x n 36 59
4) Milne’s predictor formula 1)xn+1 = xn − 3) 25 4) 50 ∴ f(x) = x2 -2x+5 is the requiredpolynomial.
x n cos x n
38. The Newton Raphson method of finding the x n cos x n 50. The recurrence formula for finding the 5. (2)
root of the equation f(x)=0 is by using the 2)xn+1 = xn − x a+2h h
n sin x n +cos xn
reciprocal of the nth root of M, by Newton's a
f(x)dx = 3 [f(a) + 4f(a + h) + f(a + 2h)]
formula x n sin x n +cos x n
3)xn+1 = xn − method is 6. (1)
f′ x n x n cos x n +2sin x n
1) xn+1 = xn − 4)xn+1 = xn − xn cos xn + 2sinxn n−1 x nk +M d2y f 1 −2f 0 +f −1
f xn 1) xk+1 = nx nk −1
(x = x0) =
f xn dx 2 h2
2) xn+1 = xn − f′ 44. The interpolating polynomial for the data
xn x k n+1− Mx nk 1
x -1 0 1 2 2) xk+1 = n
[y(x0 – h) -2y (x0) + y (x0 + h)]
f′ x n h2
3) xn+1 = xn + f xn x k n−1+ Mx nk
f 1 1 1 -5 3) xk+1 = n
7. (4)
f xn
4) xn+1 = xn + f′ 1 1 x 0 2 4 6
xn 4) xk+1 = + Mxk
2 dx 1) 1 + x – x3 2) 1 + x + x2 n xk
39. The value of by Trapezoidal 1 y -l 3 7 11
+ x 2 )−1 by simpson’s
2
0 1+x 3) 1 + x – x 4) x + x2 + x3 51. The value of 0 (1
Ruletaking n=2 is 45. Given that f(l) = l, f(1.5) = 2.875, f(2) = 7, one-third rule with two strips is Consider y = 2x-l
1) 0.645 2) 0.641 f(2.5) = 14.125 and f(3) = 25, the value 31 47
1) 60 2) 30 x = 0 ⟹ y = 2(0)-1 = -1
3) 0.583 4) 0.621 3 1
of 1
f(x)dx obtained by Simpson’s 3 rule is 31 47 x = 2 ⟹ y=2(2)-l = 3
40. Trapezoidal rule for the evaluation of the 3) 40 4) 60
b 1) 17.50 3) 18.25 x = 4 ⟹ y=2(4)-l = 7
integral a
f x dxrequires the Interval to be 2) 18.00 4) 19.125 52. Which of the following formulas is a x = 6 ⟹ y= 2(6)-1 = 11
divided into 46. A root of x3- 4x -9 = 0 using bisection particular case of Runge - Kutta formula of ∴y=2x-l is the required straight line.
1) only an even number of intervals method in two stages is second order? 8. (*)
2) only an odd number of intervals 1) Taylor series formula h
1) 2.75 2) 0.5361 ydx = 3 [(y0+yn) + 4 (y +y3+...+yn)+2 (y2
3) any number of intervals 3) 0.7969 4) 0.7123 2) Picard's formula
4) a minimum of ten intervals 3) Euler’s modified formula +y4+…yn-2)]
47. The lagrange’s interpolation polynomial 2
0.6 4) Milne's predictor formula = [(10+0)+4(18+29+20+5)+2(25+32 +
41. If 0
f(x)dx - k[f(0) + 4f(0.3)+f(0.6)] then curve passing through the points (0, 1) (1, 0) 3
and (3, 10) is DETAILED SOLUTIONS 11+2)]
thevalue of k when Simpson’s rule is
1) x2 - 2x + 1 2) -4x2+ 3x +1 1. (3) = 292
applied is
3) 2x2-3x +1 4) x2– x+1 The rate of convergence of Gauss - Seidel 9. (2)
1) 0.1 2) 0.2
method is roughly twice that of Gauss - p p−1
3) 0.3 4) 0.4 48. What is the highest degree polynomial f(x) = y0 + pΔf x0 + 2!
Δ2 f(x0 )
whose definite integration using Simpson’s Jacobi.
42. The Newton - Raphson formula to find an p p−1 (p−2)
1 2. (4) + Δ3 f(x0 )
−rule gives the exact value? 3!
approximate value of a is 3 1 x−x 0
1 a In application of Simpsons 3
rd rule, the where p =
1) xn+1 = xn + 1) 1 2) 2 h
2 xn intervalh for closer approximation should be Δf x0 = 1
1 a 3) 3 4) 4
2) xn+1 = 2 xn − x even and small. Δ2 f(x0 ) = -2
n
3. (4)
4 5
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Numerical Methods Numerical Methods

Δ3 f(x0 ) = 12 α, β, γ are root ofx3 + px2 + qx + 1 = 0 (1) = (2) =


10
[(0+3+4(4+9+15+8)+2(7+12+14)]
3
p=x x3+ px2 +qx+1 ∴ Δ∇ = δ2 10
x(x−1) 1 1 1 = [3+144+66]
f(x) = 1 + x + (-2) ⟹α , β , γ are roots of 17. (4) 3
2! = 710 sq.ft.
Standard formula
+
x x−1 x−2 (12)
1 3 1 2 1
3! +p +q +1 =0 d2 y 21. (2)
=1 + x – x (x - 1)+2x(x-1) (x-2) x x x x y=f(x) First Second Third Fourth
dx 2
⟹ x + qx + px + 1 = 0
3 2
x=x n differ- differ- differ- differ-
∴f(4) = 1+4 -4 ×3 + 2 × 4 × 3 × 2 −1 −1 −1 1 2 11 ence ence ence ence
= 5-12+48 ∴α , β
, γ
are roots of x3 - qx2+px-l = 0 Δ − Δ3 + Δ4 − ⋯ fn
h2 12 0 1
= 41 13. (1) 18. (4)
10. (2) For the system of equations Taylor’s series -3
x f(x) Δy Δ2 y Δ3 y a1x + b1y + c1z = d1 h h2 h3
y = y0 + 1! y0 ′ + 2!
y0′′ + 3!
y0 ′′′ + .... 1 -2 2
a2x + b2y+c2z = d2
0 2 Given y(0) =1 -1 0
a3x +b3y+c3z = d3
-1 Δy0 Then the (r+ 1)thiteration in Jacobi’s method ⟹ y0 = 1 ; x0 = 0
2 -3 2
is y' = x2 + y2 (Given)
2
1 1 2 Δ y0 1 y0'= 0+1 = 1 1 0
xr+1 = d − b1 yr − c1 zr
1 0 Δ3 y0 a1 1 y'' = 2x+ 2yy' 3 -2 0
1 y0" = 2(0)+2.1.1
yr+1 = d − a2 xr − c2 zr 2
2 2 2 b1 2 =2
1 y'" = 2+ 2(yy'' + (y')2) 3
3 zr+1 = d − a3 xr − b3 yr = 2+ 2(1.2 + 12)
c3 3 4 1
3 5
th
To find (r+1) iteration we use r iterations. = 2+2(2 + l)
14. (2) =8 ∇y0 = 3; ∇2 y0 = 2
First derivative by Newton’s forward Error in the trapezoidal rule is of the order putting h - x then ∇3 y0 = ∇4 y0 = ⋯ = 0
difference formula x x2 x3
h2. y = 1 + 1! + 2! 2 + 3! 8 Newtons formula for Backward difference
1 1 2 1 3 1 1 1
y= Δy0 − Δ y0 + Δ y0 − ⋯ 15. (2) 4 f'(x) =h [∇y0 +2 ∇2 y0+3 ∇3 y0...]
h 2 3
= l + x + x 2 + 3 x3
1
= 1 −1 − 2 2 + 3 (0)
1 1 δ f(x) = (E1/2 – E-1/2) f(x) 1 2
19. (4)Error in theTrapezoidal rule is of the =1 3+2
16. (1)
= -1-1=-2
δ = E½ - E-1/2 e order h2. =4
11. (3) 20. (3) 22. (2)
1
Δ = E – 1; Δ = 1 – E-1
1
Error in Simpson’s 3 rule is of order h4 where E = f(x+h) Simpson’s rule By regular - falsi method the root is given
2
12. (3) E-1 = f(x-h) x 0 +nh by
= x0
f x dx x0 f x1 − x1 f(x0 )
Results: E1/2 = f(x+ h/2); E-1/2= f(x - h/2)
h
Let a1, a2, ..., an be the roots of the equation Δ∇ = (E - 1) (1- E-1) =3 y0 + 4 y1 + y3 + ⋯ + 2 y2 + y4 + f(x1 ) − f(x0 )
xn+p1xn-1+ p2xn-2 + ...pn=0 = E – 1 – 1 + E-1 …+yn 23. (2)
than the roots of = E + E-1-2 ... (1) h The Newton - Rapson Iteration scheme to
= 3 [y0+yn+4(sum of odd ordinates)
xn-p1xn-1+p2xn-2 - ... (-1)n Pn = 0 dδ2 = (E1/2– E-1/2)2 find an approximate real root of the equation
+2sum of even ordinates)] f(x)=0 is
are –a1, -a2, .... -an = E-2E1/2 E-1/2 + E-1
∴Cross Section Area
Given = E-2 + E-1 ...(2)
6 7
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Numerical Methods Numerical Methods

f(x n ) 2−0
xn+1 = xn – f′ Since only 3 values of x are given. Assume 34. (3) h= 2
=1
xn
y = f(x) = a0+ a1x+a2x(x-l) Newton – Rapson formula
x0 = 0
put x=0, y=1 f xn 1 1
xn+1 = xn − y0 = 1+x − 1+0 − 1
⟹ 1 = a0 +a1(0)+a2(0) f′ xn 0
24. (4) x1 – 1
⟹ a0 = 1 35. (4)
Power method is used to determine 1 1
put x - 1, y=0 X 1 y1 - 1+1 − 2 = 0.5
numerically largest eigen value and the y=
⟹ 0 = a0+ a1 +a2(0) 1 + x2 x2 – 2
corresponding eigen vector of a matrix A.
⟹ 0 = a0+ a1 1 1
25. (1) 0 1 y0 y2 - 1+2 − 3 − 0.3333
⟹ 0 = l+ a1⟹∴a1=-1
Let x0 = 0 ; y0 = 1 ∴ By Trapezoidal rule
x1 = 1 ; y1 = 2
put x=3, y= 10 0.2 0.9615 y1 2 dx h
∴10 = a0+ 3a1 +6a2 0 1+x
= 2 y0 + 2y1 + y2
x2 = 3 ; y2 = 10
∴f(x) = l – x+2x(x-l) 0.4 0.8621 y2 1
x−x 1 x−x 2 x−x 0 (x−x 2 ) = 2 [1 + 2(0.5)+0.3333]
y= y
x 0 −x 1 (x 0 −x 2 ) 0
+ y
x 1 −x 0 (x 1 −x 2 ) 1 = l – x+ 2x2 -2x
0.6 0.7353 y3 = 1.1666
+
x−x 0 (x−x 1 )
y = 2x2 -3x+1
x −x (x −x ) 2
2 0 2 1
40. (3)
29. (3) 0.8 0.6098 y4
x−1 (x−3)_ x−0 (x−3) Any number of intervals.
= −1×−3
×1+ 1×−2
×2+ Paricular case of R.K. formula of second
41. (1)
x−0 (x−1) order is Euler’s modified formula. 1 0.5 y5
+ 3×2
× 10 h = interval length
30. (2)
x 2 − 4x + 3 5x 2 − 5x By Trapezoidal Rule, = 0.3
− x 2 − 3x + Simpson’s one-third rule is 1 1
3 3 x 0 +nh dx By Simpsons rule
3
x 2 −4x+3−3x 2 +9x+5x 2 −5x
h 0.3
=
3 ydx 1 + x2 k=3=
0 3
3x 2 +3
= 3
= x2 + 1 x0 h
= 2 [(y0+ y5) + 2(y1+ y2 + y3 + y4)] = 0.1
h 42. (1)
26. (3) = y + yn 0.2
d2y 1
3 0 = 2
[1.5+2(3.1687)]
Let x = a
2 3
= h 2 ∇ yi + r + 1 ∇ yi + ⋯ + 4 y1 + y2 + ⋯ yn−1
dx 2 0.1 ×7.8374 ⟹ x2 -a = 0
1
= h 2 ∇2 y1 approximately + 2 y2 + y4 + ⋯ yn−2 = 0.78374 Let f(x) = x2-a
1 In this case we reglect all differences above 36. (1)
= h 2 ∇yi+1 − ∇yi thenf'(x) = 2x
the second. 1 f xn
1 Simpsons 3
rule of Integration is exact for xn+1 = xn - f′
= h 2 yi+2 − yi+1 − (yi+1 − yi ) So y will be a polynomial of second degree xn
1 only, i.e., y = ax2+bx+c allpolynomial of degree not exceeding 2. x 2n −a
= h 2 yi+2 − 2yi+1 + yi 37. (3) = xn - 2x n
31. (3)
d2y 1 Particular case of Runge Kutta formula of 1 2x 2n −x 2n +a
which is also equal todx 2 = h 2 yi+1 − 2yi + The error in R.K. method of fourth order to = 2 xn
solve an ordinary differential equation is of second order is Euler’s modified formula.
yi−1 =
1
x +
a
0(h4). 38. (2) 2 n x n
27. (2)
a+2h 32. (1) Newton Raphson formula of finding the root 43. (1)
h
a
f(x)dx =3 [f(a) + 4f(a + h) + f(a + 2h)] of f(x)=0 is Newton Raphson Method
Required degree = 2
is called f xn f xn
33. (3) xn+1 = xn - f′ xn xn+1 = xn - f′
1 xn
Simpson’s 3 rule. Formula 39. (1) f(x) = x sin x+ cos x
28. (3) (1 + Δ) (1-∇) = 1
8 9
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Numerical Methods Numerical Methods

f'(x) = x cosx+sin x-sinx h = 2x2 -3x+1 nx k x nk −1 −x nk +M


= 3 [y0+yn+4(y1+y3+...)+2(y2+y4+...)] =
= x cos x 48. (2) nx nk −1
0.5
= [1+25+4(2.875+14.125)+2(7)] x nk n−1 +M
∴By Newton Raphson method 3 Required degree = 2 = nx nk −1
x n sin x n +cos x n = 18.00 49. (2)
xn+1 = xn - x n cos x n 51. (4) h=1/2
46. (1) 4h
44. (1) yn+1,p = yn-3 + 3
2yn−2 − yn−1 + 2yn X 1
If a function f(x) is continuous between a y = 1+x 2
Since only 4 values of x are given assume put n = 3
and b and f(a) and f(b) are of opposite sign 4h
f(x) to be a polynomial of degree 3 then there exists atleast one root between a y4,p = y0+ 3 [2y1 - y2+2y3] 0 1
Let f(x) = a0 + a1x + a2x (x-1) and b. 4
= 1+ 3 (0.1) (2 ×0.9-0.8+ 2 ×0.7) 1 4
+ a3x (x-1) (x-2) f(x) = x3 - 4x -9
put x = -1, f(x) = 1 = 1+
0.4
(1.8-0.8+1.4) 2 5
f(2) = 8 – 8-9 3
⟹ 1 = a0 – a1 + 2a2 – 6a3 .... (1) = -9 = -ve = 1+
0.4
(2.4) 1 1
3
x = 0 then f(x) = 1 f(3) = 27 – 12-9 2
= 1+0.32.
∴1 = a0+ a10+a20+a30 = 6 = +ve 33 1 1 h
⟹ a0 = 1 .... (2) = 1.32 ≈25 dx = 3 y0 + y2 + 4y1
Hence, the root lies between 2 and 3 0 1+x 2
put x = 0 then f(x) = l 50. (1) 1 1 16
By first approximation n
=6 1+2+ 5
∴1 = a0 + a1 3+2 x= M
x0 = 2
= 2.5 =6
1 10+5+32
⟹ ai = 0 .... (3) n
x =M 10
Again f(2.5) = 15.625 -10-9 = -ve 1 47
put x = 2 Let f(x) = xn – M = 6 × 10
Hence, the root lies between 2.5 and 3
then -5 = a0+ 2a1 +22a f’(x) = nxn-1 47
Second approximation = 60
∴l+0+ 2a2 = -5 By Newtons formula
2.5 + 3
2a2 = -6 = 2.75 f xk 52. (3)
2 xk+1 = xk − Euler’s modified formula is the particular
a2 = -3 .... (4) f′ xk
47. (3) case of Runge - Kutta formula.
put the values of a0, a1, a2 in (1) x nk −M
Since only 3 values of x are given assume = xk − nx nk −1
l – 0 – 6 - 6a3 = 1
f(x) be a polynomial of degree 2
6a3 = -6
Let f(x) = a0+ a1x+ a2x (x-l)
a3 = -1
when x=0 f(x) = 1
∴ f(x) = 1 + 0x + (-3) x (x-1) + x(x-1) (x-2)
⟹ 1 = a0+ a10+a20
= 1 - 3x2+ 3x – x (x2- 3x +2)
⟹ a0 = 1
= 1 - 3x2+ 3x - x3+ 3x2- 2x Join Us on FB :
when x=l ; f(x) = 0
= 1+x-x3 English – Examsdaily Tamil – Examsdaily Tamil
⟹ 0 = a0+ a1
∴f(x) = 1+x-x3
⟹ a1 = -1
45. (2)
when x= 3, f(x)=10 Whatsapp Group
x0 = 1 ; y0 = 1
⟹10 = a0+ 3a1 +6a2
x1 = 1.5 ; y1 = 2.875
⟹ a2 = 2 English - Click Here Tamil - Click Here
x2 = 2 ; y2 = 7
Nowf(x) = l – x+2x(x-l)
x3 = 2.4 ; y3 = 14.125
= l – x+ 2x2 -2x
x4 = 3 ; y4 = 25
1 = 2x2-3x+1
Simpson’s 3 formula ∴ Required polynomial
10 11
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

Previous Year Solved Questions 12. Geometric mean of two observations can holder, when the selection is confined to
becalculated only if M.B.A.’s is .........?
1. The equations of regression lines 4 3 1) both the observations are positive 1) 0.2 2) 0.3
3) 25 4) 10
are x = 0, 4y + a and y = 0.5b. The 2) one of the two observations is zero 3) 0.4 4) 0.5
7. The marks secured by 600 students in 3) one of them is negative 19. A and B are two events associated with an
coefficient of correlation is
Mathematics test were normally distributed 4) both of them are zero experiment. If P(A)=0.4, P(A∪B)=0.7, find
1) - 0.2 2) 0.4 with mean 55. If 100 students get marks 13. For the set of values P(B) when A and B are mutually exclusive
3) 0.2 4) 0.45 above 75, the number of students securing
2
1) mean deviation is always less than 1) 0.6 2) 0.75
2. The probability that A passes a test is 3and marks between 35 and 55 is standarddeviation 3) 0.5 4) 0.3
the probability that B passes the same test is 1) 150 2) 200 2) mean deviation is always greater than 20. From six positive and eight negative
3 3) 300 4) 500 standard deviation
. The probability that only one of them numbers, four numbers are chosen at
5 8. A lot consists of ten good articles, four with 3) mean deviation is always equal to random (without replacement) and
passes is minor defects and two with major defects.
4 2 standard deviation multiplied. The probability that the product
1) 15 2) 5 Two articles arc chosen from the lot at 4) none of these is positive is
7 7 random (without replacement). Then the 85 420
3) 30 4) 15 14. A coin is tossed 6 times. The probability of 1) 1001 2) 1001
probability that neither of them good is obtaining heads and tails alternately is
3. The equation of the regression lines are 70 505
5 7 1 1 3) 100 4) 1001
x+2y=5 and 2x+3y=8 then the correlation 1) 8 2) 8 1) 64 2)2
coefficient between x and y is 3 1 1
21. A box contains tags marked 1, 2, .... n. Two
3) 8 4) 8 3) 32 4) None of these
3 3 tags are chosen at random without
1) 4 2) − 4
9. If A, B, C are any three events such that 15. A sample of 25 units from an infinite replacement. The probability that the
1
3 3 P (A) =P(B)=P(C) = ; P(A∩B)=P(B∩C)=0, population with standard deviation 10 numbers on the tags will be consecutive
3) 2
4) − 2
4
1 results into a total score of 450. The mean of integers is equal to
4. A random variable X has the probability P(C∩A) = 8 Then the probability that atleast
the sampling distribution is n(n−1) n−1 2
mass function as follows: one of the events A, B, C occurs, is 1) 2
2) n
1 3
1) 45 2) 50 2 n 1
X -2 3 1 1) 32 2) 32 3) 18 4) 1.8 3) n 4) n−2 . 2
7 5 22. In shooting test, the probability of hitting the
P(X=x) λ λ λ 3) 8 4) 8 16. The mean and variance of a uniform random
1 2 3
6 4 12 variable X in the interval (2, 15) are target is 2 for A, 3 for B and 4 for C. If all of
10. If atleast one child in a family with two
respectively them fire at the target, then theprobability
Then the value of λ is children is a boy. then the probability that 17 169 17 289
both children are boys is 1) ;
2 12
2) 2
; 12 that atleast one of them hits thetarget is
1) 1 2) 2 1 23
3 1 17 169 17
3) 3 4)4 1) 4 2) 3 3) ; 4) ; 13 1) 24 2) 24
2 14 2
5. Variance of the random variable X is 4. Its 1 1 1 21
3) 4 4) 2 17. If P(A)=0.5 ; P(B)=0.3 and P(A∩B) = 0.15 3) 12 4)24
mean is 2. Then E(X2) = then P(A/B) =
11. A discrete random variable X takes the 23. A discrete random variable X takes the
1) 2 2) 4 1) 0.3 2) 0.4
values a, ar, ar2 ... arn-1 with equal values a, ar, ar2, .... arn-1 with equal
3) 6 4) 8 3) 0.9 4) 0.5
probability. Then Arithmetic mean (A.M) is probability. Then Geometric Mean (G.M.) is
6. A box contains 6 red and 4 white balls. If 3 a(1−r n ) 18. If 15% of a firm’s employees are B.E. n −1 n

balls are drawn at random, the probability of 1) a(1-rn) 2) degree holders, 25% are MBA degree 1) ar 2 2) ar 2
n
n −1
getting 2 white balls is a(1−r n ) a(r n −1) n
r
3) 4) holders and 5% have both the degrees; then 3) nar 2 4)
2
1 18 n(1−r) n(1−r) a
1) 20 2) 125 the probability of selecting a B.E. degree

1 2
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

24. If the density function of a random variable 1) 16 2) 4 37. Out of 15 applicants for a job, there are σ σ2
3) n 4) n
X is given by f(x) = kx(1-x) 0≤x≤1 then 3) 8 4)0 women and 9 men. It is desired to select
43. If Z1, Z2, Z3, ..., Zn are standard
Arithmetic Mean (AM) is 31. The root mean square deviation of the set of persons for the job. The probability that
normalrandom variables, the distribution of
1) 1 2) 2 values is the atleast one of the selected persons is woman n 2
1 1 1) least about their mean is i=1 zi is
3) 4)
2 4 21 67 1) student -1 with (n-1) D.F.
2) maximum about their mode 1) 2)
25. A bag contains 10 white and 15 black balls. 35 105 2) normal distribution
3) maximum about their mean 27 23
Two balls are drawn in succession. The
4) least about their median
3) 34 4) 35 3) ψ2 distribution with n.d.f.
probability that one of them is white and the 4) F-distribution with (n-1) and (n-1) d.f.s.
32. One marks man has an 80% probability of 38. The standard deviation of a set of 10
other black is 44. For the bivariate data
1 1 hitting a target while another has only a 70% members is 15. If each value in the set
1) 4 2) 2 isincreased by 4 then the standard deviation x 1 2 3 4 5
probability of hitting the target. The
3 of the new set of 10 members is
3) 4 4) 1 probability of the target being hit (atleast
y 5 4 3 2 1
once) if both marks mean fire at it 1) 17 2) 19
26. The regression lines x on y is 3x+y=10 and
simultaneously is given by 3) 15 4) 13 the coefficient of correlation is given by
y on x is 3x + 4y=12. The
1) 0.94 2) 0.95 39. A candidate is required to answer 7 1) 1 2) 0
correlationcoefficient is
1 1 3) 0.96 4) 1.00 questionsout of 12 questions which are 3) -1 4) 0.5
1) 2 2) − 2
33. Suppose the probability of hitting a target divided into 2 groups, each containing 6 45. Out of 15 applicants for a job, there are 6
1 1
3) 4 4) -4 with a single shot is 0.001. What is the questions. He is not permitted to attend more women and 9 men. It is desired to select 2
27. In a Poisson distribution if 3P(X=2)= probability of of hitting the target 2 or more than 5 questions from each group. The persons for the job. The probability that
P(X=4) then the value of its parameter λ is times in 5,000 shots? number of different ways of answering is atleast one of the selected persons is a
1) 3 2) 4 1) l-e-5 2) e-5-1 1) 560 2) 780 woman is
3) 6e-5-1 4) l-6e-5 3) 920 4) 840 21 67
3) 5 4) 6 1) 35 2) 105
28. The correlation coefficient is the _____of 34. The measure of Kurtosis of the normal curve 40. The moment generating function of Poisson 27 23
theregression coefficients. is distribution with parameter λ is 3) 34 4) 35
e t −1 e t −1
1) Arithmetic 1) 1 2)3 1) e−λ 2) eλ 46. The standard deviation of a set of 10
2) Weighted arithmetic mean 3) -1 4) ∞ 3) e−λ e +1
−λ
4) e−λ e −1
−t numbers is 15. If each value in the set is
3) Geometric mean 35. If the regression lines are 8x+10y + 66 = 0 41. The conditional probability density function increased by 4, then the standard deviation
4) Harmonic mean and 40x + 18y = 214, the correlation of X given Y for the joint probability density of the new set of 10 numbers is
29. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack coefficient is function f(x, y) = 3-x-y for 0≤ x, y ≤ 1 is 1) 17 2) 19
of playing cards. What is the probability that 1) 0.6 2) 0.5 5
−x
3) 15 4) 13
x 3−x−y x
it is either a spade or an ace? 3) -0.5 4) -0.6 1) f y 3 2) f y
= 3−x−y
2
47. If X and Y are two independent random
−x
2
1 13 36. For the bivariate data variables the variance of (X-Y) denoted by
1) 2 2) 52 x 3−x−y
3) y 5 4) None of these var(X-Y) =
4 1 x 1 2 3 4 5 −y
2
3) 13 4)13 1) var(X)-var(Y) 2) var(X)+var(Y)
42. If population variance of an infinite
30. The first of the two samples has 100 items y 5 4 3 2 1
population is σ2 and a sample of n items is 3) [var(X)+var(Y)]1/2 4) [var X-var Y]1/2
with mean 15 and standard deviation 3. If selected from this population, the standard 48. A candidate is to required to answer 7
the coefficient of correlation is
the whole group has 250 items with mean error of sample mean is equal to questions out of 12 questions which are
1) -1 2) 0
15.6 and standard deviation 13.44, the 3) -1 4) 0.5 σ3 σ divided into 2 groups, each containing 6
1) n
2) n questions. He is not permitted to attempt
standard deviation of the second group is
3 4
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

4 3 7
more than 5 questions from each group. The 55. One marksman has an 80% probability of 61. The pdf of a random variable X is = 15 + 15 = 15
number of different values of answering is hitting a target while another has only a 70% e−x x ≥ 0
f(x) = 3. (4)
1) 560 2) 780 probability of hitting the target. The 0 x<0
if F(x) is the distribution function of X then x + 2y = 5
3) 920 4) 840 probability that the target being hit (atleast
the value of F(3) = ⇒ 2y = -x + 5
49. An expert hits the target 95% of the time. once) if both fire it simultaneously is given x 5
What is the probability that he will miss the 1) 0.94 2) 0.95 1) e-3 2) –e-3 ⇒ y = -2 + 2
target for the first time on the 15thshot? 3) 0.96 4) 1.00 3) 1-e-3 4) e-3+1 ∴ byx =
−1

62. If X is a normally distributed random 2


1) (0.05)(0.95)15 2) (0.95)(0.15)14 56. Suppose that X is a random variable for Also 2x + 3y = 8
3) (0.05(0.95) 14
4) (0.95)(0.05)15 which E(X) = 10 and V(X) = 15. The value variable with mean μ=l and
X−μ ⇒ 2x = -3y + 8
50. A problem in statistics is give to three of a and b for which Y=aX-b has zero standarddeviation σ=3 and P < −3
σ ⇒x= 2
y+4
students A, B and C whose chances of expectation and unit variance is given by 0.81=a and −3
1 1
solving it are3 , 8 and
1
respectively. The 1)
10
,
1
2)
1
,
10 ∴ bxy =
X−μ 2
4 15 15 15 15
1 1 1 1 P 0< σ
< 1.73 =b then Now r2 =
−1
×
−3
=4
3
probability thal the problem will be solved is 3) , 4) , 2 2
1 9 15 15 10 10 P(3.43<X<6.19)is
1) 2) 3
96 16 57. Suppose that the probability of hitting target 1) b - a + 0.5 2) a-b ∴r=± 2
1 17
3) 3 4) 24 with a single shot is 0.001. What is the 3) b-a 4) b – a+1 Since bxy and byx are negative implies r =
51. If P(x) = kx2 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 probability of hitting the target 2 or more 63. If two random variables X and Y have to − 3
times in 5,000 shots? 2
= 0 otherwise regression lines with the equations
1) 1-e-5 2) e-5-1 4. (2)
is the probability density function of the x = 0.7y + 5.2 and y = 0.3x + 2.8 then the
-5
3) 6e -1 4) 1-6e-5 Given P(x) is a probability mass function
random variable x, then the value of k is correlation coefficient between X and Y is
1 58. Two regression lines for x and y are x= 19-y ∴ P x =1
1) 2)2 x 1) (5.2)(2.8) 2) (5.2) (2.8) i.e..P(-2) + P(3)+P(1) = 1
3 and y =11-2. The correlation coefficien
3) 2
1
4)3 3) (0.7)(0.3) 4) (0.7)(0.3) λ λ
⇒6 + 4 + 12 = 1
λ
between x and y will be
1 −1
DETAILED SOLUTIONS 1 1 1
52. If the regression lines are 8x+10y + 66 = 0 1) 2) λ + + 12 = 1
2 2 1. (3) 6 4
and 40x+l8y = 214, the correlation 2+3+1
coefficient is 3) 2 4) − 2 x = 0.4y + a λ =1
12
59. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack bxy = 0.4 1
1) 0.6 2) 0.5 λ =1
of playing cards. What is the probability that y = 0.5x + b 2
3) -0.5 4) -0.6
it is either a spade or an ace? byx = 0.5 ∴λ = 2
53. The measure of Kurtosis of the normal curve
is 1) 2
1
2) 52
13 ∴ r = 0.4 × 0.5 = 0.2 5. (4)
Since bxy and byx both are positive implies r Variance = E(X2) - (E(X))2
1) 1 2) 3 4 1
3) 4) is also positive) Given variance = 4
3) -3 4) ∞ 13 13
60. The first of the two samples has 100 items 2. (4) E(X) = mean = 2
54. The root mean square deviation of a set of
with mean 15 and S.D=3. If the whole group 2
P(A) = 3 ; P A′ = 1 − 3 = 3
2 1 ∴ 4 = E(X2)-22
values is the
has 250 items with mean 15,6 and standard 3 3 2
⇒ E(X2) =4+4 = 8
1) least about their mean P(B) = 5; P(B′) = 1-5 = 5
2) maximum about their mode deviation 13.44 the standard deviation of 6. (4)
the whole group is Required probability Probability of gelling
3) maximum about their mean 4C 2 ×6C 1
1) 16 2) 4 = P(A) P(B')+P(B) P(A’) 2 white balls =
4) least about their median 2 2 3 1 10C 3
3) 8 4) 0 = 3.5 + 5.3
5 6
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

4×3
×6 3 P(A∩B∩C)=0 X−X X−X
2
X−X
2 259 289
= 1×2
10 ×9×8 = 10 > > = −
1×2×3
Required probability N N N2 3 4
1036 −867 169
7. (2) P(A∪B∪C) = P(A)+P(B)+P(C) 2 = 12
= 12
1 X−X
P X ≥ 75 = = 0.167
-P(A∩B)-P(A∩C)-P(B∩C) = 17. (4)
6 N
+P(A∩B∩C) A P A∩B
X−μ 75−μ 1 1 1 1 ⇒ Mead deviation> Standard deviation P =
⇒P ≥ = 0.167 =4+4+4−0−8−0+0 B P(B)
σ σ 14. (3)
P Z ≥ Z1 = 0.167 3 1 5 0.15
=4−8=8 Required probability = P(Head in first, third = = 0.5
∴P 0 < 𝑍 < 𝑍 = 0.5 − 0.167 0.3
10. (3) and fifth time) 18. (1)
= 0.333 ... (1) + P(Head in second, fourth and sixth time)
75−μ
Use Binomial Distribution P (A) = 0.15
where z1 = σ
1
=
1 1 1 1
×2×2×2×2×2+2×2×2×2×2×
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
p = 2; q = 1 - p 2 P (B) = 0.25
75 − 55 1 1 1 P (A ∩B) = 0.05
= ∵ μ = 55 =1− =
σ 2 2 2
Required probability
1
20 P(X = x) = nC x px qn−x = 32 A P A∩B
= =P =
σ n=2 15. (4) B P(B)
20
∴ (1) ⇒P 0 ≤ Z ≤ σ =0.333 ∴Required probability 450 0.05
Mean = = 18 = = 0.2
20 1 2 1 2−2 25 0.25
⇒ =0.97 = 2C 2 16. (1) 19. (4)
σ 2 2
20
⇒σ = 0.97 = 20.62 =1×4=4
1 1 1 1 1 Since A and B are mutually exclusive
f x = = =
b − a 15 − 2 13 P(A∪B) = P(A) + P(B)
∴Required probability P(35≤X≤55) 11. (3) 15
35−μ x−μ 55−μ a+ar +a 2 +⋯ar n −1 ⇒ 0.7 = 0.4+P(B)
=P ≤ ≤ A.M. = E x = x f x dx
σ σ σ n ⇒ P(B) = 0.7-0.4 = 0.3
35−55 55−55 a 1+r+r 2 +⋯r n −1 2
=P 20.62
≤Z≤ 20.62 = 1 15 20. (4)
−20
n = 13 ∫2 x dx Required probability
a 1−r n
=P 20.62
≤Z≤0 =n. 15
(1−r) 1 x2 = P(product of 4 positive numbers)
= P 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.97 = 13 2 2
12. (1) +P(Product of 2 positive and 2 negative
= 0 ≤ z ≤ 0.97 1 17
Geometric mean of a,b = ab = 26 225 − 4 = 2
numbers) +P(Product of 4 negative
= 0.3340 15
abis real if a and b are positive. ∴ Mean = E x = ∫2 x 2 f x dx
numbers)
Therefore, the number of students securing 6C 6C 2 ×8C 2 8C 4
13. (2) 1 15 = 14C4 + +
marks between 35 and 55 is X−X
= ∫ x2
13 2
dx 4 14C 4 14C 4
6×5×4×3 6×5 8×7 8×7×6×5
= 0.3340×600 = 200.4 Mean deviation = 15 + × +
N 1 x3 1×2×3×4 1×2 1×2 1×2×3×4
= 13 = 14 ×13 ×12 ×11
≈ 200 X−X
2 3 2 1×2×3×4
Standard deviation = 1 420+15+70
8. (4) N = 3×13 153 − 33 = 1001
Required probability Formula: 505
3367 259 = 1001
6C
6×5
6×5 1 a1 + a2 + ⋯ ar 2 > a21 + a22 + ⋯ a2r = =
= 16C2 = 1×2
= 16×15 = 8 3 × 13 3 21. (3)
2
16 ×15
1×2 ⇒ a1 + a2 + ⋯ ar 2 > a21 + a22 + ⋯ a2r Variance = E(X2)-[e(x)]2
2 We can choose two consecutive integers
9. (4) ∴ X−X > X−X 259 17 2 from 1, 2, ..., n in .
A∩B∩C⊆AB 2
= −
X−X > X−X 3 2 (n-1) ways
P(A∩B∩C)≤P(A∩B)=0

7 8
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

Required probability =
n−1
=6
1 29. (3) ⇒σ22 = 4
nC 2 12
n −1 1 There are 13 cards of spade in the pack. ∴Standard deviation of the second sample =
n (n −1) 2 =2 13
4
= 1.2
=n P(E)=52
25. (2) 31. (1)
22. (2) 4 aces in the pack
6 11 6 23
Required probability 4 The root mean square deviation is least
Required probability 24 + 24 + 24 = 24 10C 1 ×15C 1 P(F)=52
= about their mean.
25C 2
23. (1) 10 ×15
There is one ace of spade in the pack. 32. (1)
n 1
G.M. = a. ar. ar 2 … ar n−1 = 25 ×24
1×2
∴P(E∩F) = 52 Required probability
n 10×15×2 1
= an r1+2+3+⋯(n−1) = =2 ∴ P(E∪F) = P(E)+P(F)-P(E∩F) = P(A)P(B) + P(A)P(B) + P(A)P(B)
25×24 13 4 1
n (n −1)n = 52 + 52 − 52 = 0.8×0.3+0.2×0.7+0.8×0.7
26. (2)
= an r 2
16 4 = 0.94
n −1
4y = 12 – 3x = =
= ar 2 3 52 13 33. (4)
y = 3 - 4x 30. (2) P = 0.001
24. (3)
3 n1 = 100 1
For probability density function f(x) byx = − = 1000
4 n1 +n2 = 250
n = 5000
f x dx = 1 Also 3x + y = 10 ⇒n2 = 150
10 y λ = nP
1 ⇒x= −3 x1 = 15; x = 15.6 1
⇒∫0 kx 1 − x dx = 1 3
= 5000 × 1000 = 5
1 ∴ bxy = − 3
1 x2 = ?
2
⇒k ∫0 x − x dx = 1 σ12 = 9𝜎 2 = 13.44 e −λ λ x
P(X=x) =
1 ∴ r = bxy . byx x!
x2 x3 σ2 =?
⇒k − =1 (Poisson Distribution)
2 3 0 1 3
=− −3 −4 n1 Xn + n2 X2 Probability of hitting the target 2 or more
⇒k
1
−3 =1
1 X=
2 n1 + n2 times
3−2
∴ both bxy and byx are negative
⇒k =1 1 100 × 15 + 150X2 P(X≥2) = 1-[P(X=0) + P(X=1)]
6 = −2 ⇒ 15.6 = e −5 50 e −5 51
k 250 =1− +
⇒6 = 1 0! 1!
27. (4) ∴150X2 = 2400
⇒k=6 e −λ λ x = 1 - e + 5e−5
−5
P(X=x) = ⇒X2 = 16
∴ f(x) = 6x(1-x) x! = 1 - 6e−5
x = 0, 1, 2,.... d1 = X1 − X 34. (2)
A.M. = Expectation of X
1 Given = 15 – 15.6 The measure of Kurtosis of the normal curve
= ∫0 xf x dx = -0.6
3P(x=2) = P(x=4) = 3.
1
= ∫0 x. 6x 1 − x dx 3e−λ λ2 e−λ λ4 d2 = X2 − X 35. (4)
1 = = 16 – 15.6
= ∫0 6x 2 1 − x dx 2! 4! 8x+10y = -66
3 λ2 = 0.4 8𝑥 66
=
1
6 ∫0 x 2 − x 3 dx ⇒2 = 24 y =− 10 − 10
n1 + n2 σ2 + n1 σ12 + n2 σ22 + n1 d12 + n2 d22
x3 x4
1 ⇒λ2 = 36 8
=6 − ⇒ 250 × 13.44 = 100 × 9 + 150σ22 + 100 × byx = −
3 4 0 ⇒λ=6 10
1 1
0.36 + 150 × 0.6
28. (3) 40x+18y =214
=6 − ⇒ 3360 = 900 + 150σ22 + 36 + 24
3 4
The correlation coefficient is the geometric −18𝑦 214
4−3 ⇒150σ22 = 240 𝑥= +
=6 12 mean of the regression coefficients. 40 40
⇒σ22 = 16
9 10
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Applied Probability Applied Probability

18 ∴S.D. of the new series = 15


bxy = − 40 Refer problem no. 39 (2002) = -0.6
39. (2) 49. (3) [Since byx and bxy are negative ⇒γ is
−8 −18 S. Group A Group B Number of 95
P = 100 = 0.95 negative]
𝑟=
10 40 No. (out of 6) (out of ways 53. (2)
q = 1 – 0.95 = 0.05
= -0.6 1 5 6)
2 6C 5 ×6C 2 = 90 Probability that the target missed for the first Measure of Kurtosis of the normal curve = 3
(Since bxy and byx are negative implies r is 2 4 3 6C 4 ×6C 3 = 300 time on the 15th shot. 54. (1)
negative.) 3 3 4 6C 3 ×6C 4 = 300 = P14 q Root mean square deviation is also called as
36. (3) 4 2 5 6C 2 ×6C 5 = 90 = (0.95)14 (0.05) standard deviation. Standard deviation is
X Y X2 Y2 XY Total = 780 50. (2) least about their mean.
1 5 1 25 5
Probability that the problem is solved = 55. (1)
2 4 4 16 8 ∴ Total number of different ways 780 Required probability
3 3 9 9 9 40. (2) P(A∪B∪C)
4 2 16 4 8 = P(A)+P(B) + P(C)-P(A∩B)-P(A∩C) - = P(A)P(B)+P(B)P(A)+P(A)P(B)
5 1 25 1 5 The moment generating function for Poisson
P(B∩C) + P(A∩B∩C) =0.8×0.3+0.7×0.2+0.8×0.7
e f −1
X Y X 2 =55 y 2 =55 XY=35 distribution with parameter λ is eλ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 0.24+0.14+0.56 = 0.94
41. (3) = 3 + 8 + 4 − 3 . 8 − 8 . 4 − 3 . 4 + 3.8.4
= 15 = 15 56. (2)
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9
Co-efficient of correlation
Required p.d.f. = 3 + 8 + 4 − 24 − 32 − 12 + 96 = 16 Given Var Y = 1
3−x−y
N XY − X Y = Integral of 3 − x − y w.r.to x 51. (4) ⇒Var(aX-b) = 1
r= 3−x−y Since P(x) is a probability density function ⇒a2 VarX = 1
N X2 − X 2 N Y2 − Y 2 = 1
x2
5×35−15×15 3x−xy −
2 0
of a random variable x ⇒ 15a2 = 1
= 1
5×5.5− 15 2 5×55− 15 2 3−x−y ⇒∫ P(x)dx = 1 ⇒a=
= 1 1 15
175−225 −50
3−y−
2 ⇒∫0 kx 2 dx =1 Also E(Y) = 0
= 5×5.5 15 2
= 275−225 3−x−y
1
= 5 𝑥3 ⇒ E(aX-b) = 0
=
−50
= −1 2
−y ⇒𝑘 =1
50 x 3−x−y
3 0 ⇒ a E(X)-b = 0
∴f = k
37. (4) y 5
2
−y ⇒3 = 1 10a-b = 0
Required probability 10
42. (2) ⇒k=3 ⇒ 15
−b=0
= Probability of selecting one woman + σ
Required standard error of sample mean 52. (4) 10
probability of selecting two women n ⇒b=
8x+10y = -66 15
6C 1 +9C 1 6C 43. (3) 57. (4)
= + 15C2 8
y = − 10 𝑥 − 10
66
15C 2 2 The distribution is ψ2 distribution with n.d.f. p = 0.001
6×5
6×9 44. (3) 8 1
= 15 ×14 = 1×2
15 ×14 byx = − = 1000
1×2 1×2
Refer Problem No. 36 (2002) 10
6×9×1×2 6×5 45. (4) 40x+18y = 214 n = 5000
= + 15×14 1
15×14
Refer Problem No. 37 (2002) 18 214 λ= nP = 5000 × 1000
=
108+30 138
= 210 = 35
23 𝑥=− 𝑦+
210 46. (3) 40 40 =5
38. (3) 18
Refer Problem No. 38 (2002) bxy = − e −λ λ x
10 P(X=x) = x!
(by Poisson Distribution
S.D. is independent of change of origin. 47. (2)
∴ S.D. of x1 , x2 , … , x10 is same as S.D. of Coefficient of regression Probability of hitting the target 2 or moe
Var (X-Y) = Var X + Var Y
x1 + 4, x2 + 4, … x10 + 4 −8 −18 time S is
48. (2) γ=− 10
× 10 P(X ≥ 2) = 1-P(X=0)+P(X=1)]
11 12
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Applied Probability

e −5 50 e −5 51 16 4
=1- + = 52 = 13
0! 1!
= 1 – (e-5 + 5e-5) 60. (2)
= 1 – 6e-5 Refer problem No. 30 (2002)
58. (2) 61. (3)
x
Given x = 19-y F(x) =∫0 e−x dx
bxy = -1 = −e−x x0
x
y = 11 - 2 = -e-x + 1 = 1 –e-x
⇒ bxy = -2
1 ∴ F(3) = 1-e-3
62. (1)
1
r = ± (−1) − 2 P(3.34<X<6.19)
3.34−1 X−μ 6.19−1
1 =P < <
=± 2
3 σ 3
X−μ
Since bxy and byx are negative = P 0.81 < σ
< 1.73
⇒r is also negative X−μ
=P 0< σ
< 1.73
1
r=- X−μ
2 = -P 0 < σ
< 0.81
59. (3)
= b-(a-0.5)
There are 13 cards of spade in a pack
13 = b-a+0.5
P(E) = 52 63. (4)
There are 4 aces in the pack. x = 0.7y + 5.2
4
P(F) = 52 ⇒ bxy = 0.7
There is one ace of spade in the pack y = 0.3x + 2.3
1 ⇒ bxy = 0.3
P(E∩F) = 52
∴ r = byx bxy
∴(E∪F) = P(E)+P(F)-P(E∩F)
13 4 1 = 0.7 (0.3)
= 52 + 52 − 52

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