TYPES OF WELDED JOINTS

TYPES OF WELDED JOINTS
Welds may be classified into two main types namely butt-weld

and fillet-weld.
7.4.1. Butt weld
This type of weld is used when the members are in same plane.
Butt weld is also termed as groove weld. The butt weld is used to
join structural members carrying direct compression or tension. It
is used to make tee-joint and butt-joint. The following types of
butt welds are in practice. These are named depending upon shape
of the grove made for welding.
i. Square butt weld.
A square butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the fusion
faces lie approximately at right angles to the surfaces of the
components to be joined and are substantially parallel to one
another (Fig. 7.2 a & b).
ii.Single V-butt weld

A single V-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of both components are prepared so that in the cross-
section, the fusion faces form a V as shown in Fig. 7.3.
iii.Double V-butt weld

A double V-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of both components are double beveled so that in cross-
section, the fusion faces form two opposing V’s as shown in Fig.
7.4.
iv. Single U-butt weld

A single U-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of both components are prepared so that in the cross
section, the fusion faces form a U as shown in Fig. 7.5.
v. Double U-butt weld
A double U-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of both components are prepared so that in the cross
section, the fusion faces form two opposing U’s as shown in Fig.
7.6.
vi.Single J-butt weld

A single J-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of one component are prepared so that in the cross section,
the fusion faces is in the form a J and the fusion face of the other
component is at right angles to the surface of the first component
as shown in Fig. 7.7.
vii.Double J-butt weld
A double J-butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of one component are prepared so that in the cross section,
the fusion faces is in the form of two opposing J’s and the fusion
face of the other component is at right angles to the surface of the
first component as shown in Fig. 7.8.
viii.Single bevel butt weld

A single bevel butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edge of one component is beveled and the fusion face of the other
component is at right angles to the surface of the first component
as shown in Fig. 7.9.
ix.Double bevel butt weld
A double bevel butt weld is a weld in the preparation of which the
edges of one component are double beveled and the fusion face
of the other component is at right angles to the surface of the first
component as shown in Fig. 7.10.
7.4.2. Specifications of the butt weld
i. Size of butt weld
The size of a butt weld is specified by the effective throat
thickness. The effective throat thickness in case of complete
penetration butt weld is taken as the thickness of thinner part
joined. The double V, double U, double J and double bevel butt
welds are the examples of complete penetration butt weld.
The effective throat thickness in case of incomplete penetration
butt weld is taken as 7/8th of the thickness of the thinner part
joined. But for the purpose of stress calculation, a required
effective throat thickness not exceeding 5/8th of the thickness of
thinner part joined should be used. An incomplete penetration butt
weld is also termed as unsealed single butt weld. Single V, Single
U, Single J, Single bevel butt joints are the examples of
incomplete penetration butt weld. In incomplete penetration butt
weld, the weld metal is not deposited intentionally through the
full thickness of the joint. The unwelded portion in incomplete
penetration butt weld, welded from both sides shall not be greater
than 1/4th of the thickness of thinner part joined and should be
central in the depth of the weld.
The unsealed butt welds V, U, J and bevel types and incomplete
penetration butt welds should not be used for highly stressed
joints and joints subjected to dynamic, repeated or alternating
forces. The shall also not be subjected to a bending moment about
the longitudinal axis of the weld other than that normally resulting
from the eccentricity of the weld metal relative to the parts joined.
ii. Effective length of butt weld
The effective length of butt weld is the length for which the
specified size (throat thickness) of the weld exists.
iii. Effective area of butt weld
The effective area of a butt weld is taken as the product of the
effective throat thickness and the effective length of butt weld.
iv. Reinforcement
The extra metal deposited above the surface of the parent metal
as shown in Fig. 7.11 is called reinforcement. This reinforcement
is provided to give sufficient surfaces convexity and to ensure full
effectiveness at the joint. This requires a minimum practical
surface convexity of 1.0 mm. This reinforcement should not
exceed 3.0 mm. This is not considered as part of throat thickness.
This reinforcement may also be removed if a flush surface is
desired.
When the structural members of unequal thickness are butt
welded and difference in thickness of members exceeds 25 per
cent of the thinner part or 3.0 mm in metal arc welding and 6.0
mm or more in oxy-acetylene welding, the thicker part is beveled
so that the slop of the surface from one part to the other is not
steeper than one in five as shown in Fig. 7.12.A. Where this
arrangement is not practicable, the weld metal should be built-up
at the junction with the thicker part to dimension at least 25 per
cent greater than that of the thinner part in metal arc welding as
shown in 7.12.B. alternatively, the weld metal should be built-up
to the dimensions of thicker members as shown in 7.12.C. In case
of complete penetration butt weld, generally, deign calculations
are not necessary, as these will usually provide the strength at the
joint equal to the strength of the member connected.
7.4.3 Fillet-weld
This type of weld is used when the members to be connected
overlap each other. A fillet weld is a weld of approximately
triangular cross section joining two surfaces approximately as
right angles to each other in lap joint or tee joint. A fillet weld is
shown in Fig. 7.13.A. When the cross section of fillet weld is 45˚,
isosceles triangle as shown in Fig. 7.13.B.I, it is known as a
standard fillet weld. The standard 45˚ fillet weld is generally used.
When the cross section of the fillet weld is 30˚ and 60˚ triangle as
shown in Fig. 7.13.B.II, it is known as a special fillet weld.
A fillet weld is termed as concave fillet weld or convex fillet weld
or mitre fillet weld depending on the weld face in concave or
convex or approximately flat as shown in Fig. 7.14, respectively.
A fillet weld is termed as normal fillet weld or deep penetration
fillet weld depending upon the depth of penetration beyond the
root is less than 2.4 mm or more respectively.
The fillet welds are of three types as shown in Fig. 7.15.

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TYPES OF WELDED JOINTS - Definition

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Welds may be classified into two main types namely butt-weld

ii.Single V-butt weld

iii.Double V-butt weld

iv. Single U-butt weld

vi.Single J-butt weld

viii.Single bevel butt weld

The fillet welds are of three types as shown in Fig. 7.15.

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