International Conference on New Horizons in Science Engineering Technology (NHSET-2018)

International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307

Conversion of Single Phase AC to Three Phase AC Supply

Gaurav Sharma*1, Naimish Kumar Bareek2
*1Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
2
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a simple converter topology for driving a load with a single-phase AC supply. Using only six active
switch IGBT‟s(FGH40N60SFD). The converter supplies balanced output voltages at rated frequency, the proposed
control approaches are supported by test results. The convertor takes single phase supply and converts it into three
phase supply with the help of thyristors. The single phase supply is first converted into dc supply by using rectifier
again dc supply of rectifier is given to inverter where IGBT‟s are used and converts the dc supply again into three phase
ac supply. In the proposed scheme, Arduino Uno/Mega ADK microcontroller interfaced with Scilab(5.5.2) is used to
produce PWM signals. The PWM signals generated is given to IC FAN7392(driver IC) which drives the thyristors.
Three phase machines can be run on this by converting single phase to three phase AC supply wherever three phase
AC supply is absent. Three phase induction motor can be used as load for testing of the hardware. For example, electric
vehicles. The experimental result showed that PWM pulses produced remained approximately constant and the
hardware have satisfactorily converted the single phase power to three phase power supply.
Keywords : Single Phase AC to Three Phase AC supply, IGBTs, drive system.

I. INTRODUCTION induction motor drives in some low-power industrial

applications. When the three phase induction motor is
driven by a single phase induction motor by rotary phase
In the past, single-phase to three-phase conversion
converters and autotransformer capacitor phase
systems were made possible by the connection of passive
converters, this causes more loss as compared to the new
elements capacitors and reactors with autotransformer
this method. Motor drives constitute a predominant load
converters. Such kind of system presents well know
for the agricultural sector. As most rural communities in
disadvantages and limitations. So to overcome from this
the India are supplied with single-phase ac power, these
disadvantages the newly adopted thyristors and power
drives have to be realized with single-phase motors, or
electronics devices were used mainly thyristors like
with three phase motors (Induction Motors) driven by
SCRs, MOSFETs, IGBTs etc.
phase converters. Autotransformer capacitor phase
Both have the advantages of simple structure and
converters, however, cannot easily obtain balanced
reasonably low cost. The project is about „single phase to
output voltage with reasonable cost, and rotary
three phase conversion system using IGBTs. Since the
converters are heavy and have significant no-load losses,
beginning of the solid state power electronics, the
also both topologies have high inrush current during
semiconductor devices were the major technology used
motor start up.
to drive the power processors. Looking at the
semiconductor devices used in the former controlled
rectifiers and comparing them with the new technologies The three-phase induction motors have some advantages
it makes possible to figure out the astonishing in the machine efficiency, power factor, and torque
Development. Beyond the improvement related to power ripples compared to their single-phase counterparts.
switches, it was also identified a great activity in terms of Though the precise control of single phase induction
the circuit topology innovations in the field of three- motor is less complex in comparison to the three phase
phase to three-phase, single phase to single phase and induction motor, but when the torque requirement is
three-phase to single phase conversion systems. The considered then three phase induction motor is the best
single-phase induction motor drives by the three-phase choice. The applications for these motors cover almost

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 International Conference on New Horizons in Science Engineering Technology (NHSET-2018)
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307
every stage of manufacturing and processing. It is not
surprising to find that among all type of electric motors,
Induction motor is so popular, when one considers its
simplicity, reliability, and low cost.

Therefore, it is desirable to replace the single-phase

induction motor drives by the three-phase induction
motor drives in some low-power industrial applications
in some rural areas where only a single-phase utility is
available, we should convert a single-phase to a three-
phase supply. This paper proposes an alternative solution
for phase conversion with very low overall cost, Figure 1- Block diagram of the system
moderate motor performance during start up and high
steady-state performance at line frequency. All the electronics or electrical components need power
supply of AC supply. So, we are converting power from
Here we are using 16-bit Arduino microcontroller which single phase into three phase AC supply. Using these
yields enhanced operations, fewer system components, three phase power supply, we can drive any motor. Block
lower system cost and increased efficiency. The system is diagram of converting single phase to three phase power
designed for driving medium power (1.5hp), 3-phase AC supply consist of input, rectifier, filter, inverter, load,
induction motors. Our work consist of a full bridge driving stage, microcontroller, scilab and power supply as
rectifier, a split capacitor dc bus, six active devices shown in figure 1. As we seen from the block diagram
(IGBTs), Driver circuit (FAN 7392 IC) which drives the the first stage is input, input is given in two circuits, first
six thyristors, Arduino module interfaced with scilab to one is given to rectifier and further towards the other
give the three phase controlled PWM output to the and the second input is given to controller stage Since the
driver circuit. The developed hardware can be tested on a input is first works in rectifier which converts the ac
3-phase, 415V, 50Hz Induction motor or the inverted supply into pulsating dc but after rectification also having
output and graph/waveforms are analyzed and studied on some ac contain. So to remove that filters are used
Digital Storage Oscilloscope. consisting of inductors and capacitors which helps to
eliminate the ac contain and gives nearly pure dc.
Scilab is an interpreted language. This generally allows to Further the supply is given to inverter where IGBT's are
get faster development processes, because the user connected. In addition with main power supply again
directly accesses a high-level language, with a rich set of energising stage is there which use to energise IGBT's i.e.
features provided by the library. By this way, external DRIVING STAGE comprises of micro controller
libraries can be used as if they were a part of Scilab built- interfaced with scilab where simulations are made
in features. Scilab also interfaces Arduino. accordingly and supply is given to inverter stage as per
the programmer's and circuit requirement. Afterwards
II. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS EXPLANATION the dc supply which is fed to inverter is converted into ac
supply in the form of three wire i.e. three phase supply.
A. System Overview
After the conversion the three phase supply is given to
load which is motor. In the sense of load the load may be
a motor or any three phase load.

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 International Conference on New Horizons in Science Engineering Technology (NHSET-2018)
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307
device suitable for half and full bridge inverters, like
B. Power circuit design switching mode power supply and high power DC-DC
converter applications. Figure 3 shows the pin diagram
for 14 pin and 16 pin IC. This IC can controls two
The power circuit designed contains full bridge rectifier
thyristor gates.
with split capacitors assembly, full bridge inverter
assembly. Single phase 230V, 50Hz AC supply is applied
to the full bridge rectifier and IGBT. IGBT switches are
protected against surge voltages using snubber circuit.
This full bridge rectifier converts single phase AC input
into DC which is filtered by capacitor. The pure DC
supply is applied to the full bridge inverter which is
made up of six IGBT switches. The output of the 3-phase
inverter is given to induction motor. The energy that a
switching power converter delivers to a motor is
controlled by Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) signals
applied to the gates of the switches. PWM signals are
pulse trains with fixed frequency and magnitude and Figure 3- Pin diagram of FAN 7392/7392M
variable pulse width. The power circuit design is shown
Figure 4 and figure 5 shows the internal block diagram of
in figure 2.
FAN 7392 and FAN 7392M.

Figure 2- Power circuit diagram

Figure 4- Internal block diagram of FAN 7392

C. Driver Circuit Block

The FAN 7392 is a monolithic high and low side gate

driver IC, that can drive high speed MOSFET and IGBTs
that operate up to +600V it has a buffered output stage
with all NMOS transistors designed for high pulse
current driving capability and minimum cross
conduction. This processes high voltage and common
mode noise cancelling techniques provide stable Figure 5- Internal block diagram of FAN 7392M
operation of the high side driver under high dv/dt noise
D. Scilab Simulation
circumstances. An advanced level shift circuit offers high
side gate driver operation up to VS=9.8V (typical) for Download the following files from:
VBS=15V. Logic inputs are compatible with standard HTTPS://ATOMS.SCILAB.ORG/
CMOS or LSTTL output, down to 3.3V logic. The high 1. serial_0.4.1_5.5-1.bin.
current and low output voltage drop feature makes this

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 International Conference on New Horizons in Science Engineering Technology (NHSET-2018)
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307
2. arduino_1.1-1.bin.x64.windows (suitable for your 3. Relationalop: This tool compares the triangular
system). wave form and the sine wave which results in
3. toolbox_arduino_v3 (from: PWM.
https://github.com/fizcris/Scilab_Xcos_arduin 4. Arduino Setup: Arduino card is choosed and the
o_toolbox_david_MPU6050/blob/master/tool port number is setup.
box_arduino_v3/toolbox_arduino_v3.ino) 5. Arduino Digital Write Pin: The PWM is given to
the respective Arduino pins.
Load toolbox_arduino_v3 to Arduino software. Also load Figure 6 shows the simulation circuit that generates
serial_0.4.1_5.5-1.bin and arduino_1.1- PWM needed Trigger the IGBT‟s gate.
1.bin.x64.windows in scilab console window and run the
program. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The output of the simulation is shown in figure 7 and 8

that is given to driving circuit which drives the IGBTs at
phase difference of 120° for three phase.

Figure 6- Circuit for generation of PWM Figure 7- Generated PWM for positive cycle

Used tools:

All the tool are taken from the xcos palette.

1. Signal Builder: This is used to generate
triangular waveform of preferred frequency and
amplitude. The specification can be changed
according to the requirement.
2. Sine wave generator: This generates a sine wave
of preferred frequency and amplitude. The
specification can be changed according to the
requirement. Here we are giving comparing six
sine wave generator at 60° phase angle.

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 International Conference on New Horizons in Science Engineering Technology (NHSET-2018)
International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology
© 2018 IJSRCSEIT | Volume 4 | Issue 5 | ISSN : 2456-3307

V. REFERENCES

[1]. Chingchi Chen, “A Hybrid Inverter/cylcoconverter-

Based Variable-Speed Three-phase Induction Motor
Drive for Single-phase Inputs” IEEE Tran. on
Industry application,Vol.31.no.3,may/june 1995 .
[2]. P. N. Enjeti and A. Rahman, “A new single-phase to
three-phase converter with active input current
shaping for low cost ac motor drives,”IEEE Trans.
Ind. Applicar., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 80C813 July/Aug.
1993.
[3]. Shivanagouda.B.Patil, M. S. Aspalli, “Operating
Three Phase Induction Motor Connected to Single
Phase Supply”, 2012, International Journal of
Figure 8- Generated PWM for negative cycle Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering,(Nov 2012), ISSN 2250-2459.
We can see a 30° phase shift between positive and
[4]. M. Khan, I. Husain, and Y. Sozer, “Integrated
negative cycle. The output is shown for single phase.
electric motor drive and power electronics for
Similarly, three phase PWM can be generated.
bidirectional power flow between the electric
vehicle and dc or ac grid,” Power Electronics, IEEE
IV. CONCLUSION Transactions on,vol. 28, no. 12, pp. 5774–5783, Dec
2013.
Three phase asynchronous induction motors are widely [5]. Dong-Choon Lee, Member, IEEE, and Young-Sin
used in industrial applications due to their features of low Kim,” Control of Single-Phase-to-Three-Phase
cost, high reliability and less maintenance. Due to the AC/DC/AC PWM Converters for Induction Motor
need for three-phase electricity in today's remote areas Drives,” IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL
for agriculture work where three phase power is not ELECTRONICS, VOL. 54, NO. 2, APRIL 2007.
available easily, in those areas these single phase to three [6]. Shivanagouda.B.Patil, M. S. Aspalli,” Operating
phase converters are use full. Operating a three phase Three Phase Induction Motor Connected to Single
induction motor using single phase supply has been Phase Supply ,” International Journal of Emerging
presented. Technology and Advanced Engineering, ISSN 2250-
2459, Volume 2, Issue 11, November 2012.
The developed system is useful in remote areas where [7]. Arvind K.Yadav, Nayan Wadgure, Pavan kamdi,
three phase supply is not available easily. “CONVERSION OF SINGLE PHASE TO THREE
PHASE SUPPLY” International Journal of Research
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[8]. M. A. Kumar and S. Lakshminarayanan, "Cost
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