GENERAL PHYSICS PH 222-2A (MIROV)

Exam 3 (03/31/15)

STUDENT NAME: _______________________STUDENT id #: ______________________

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WORK ONLY 5 QUESTIONS

ALL QUESTIONS ARE WORTH 30 POINTS

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NOTE: Clearly write out solutions and answers (circle the answers) by section for each part (a., b., c., etc.)
Important Formulas:

Ch.28. Magnetic fields  


1. Magnetic force exerted on a point charge by a magnetic field: F B  q v  B
Bi
2. The number density n of charge carriers (Hall Effect): n 
V le
m v
3. Circular orbit in magnetic field: r 
q B
  
4. Magnetic force on a straight current carrying wire of length L: F B  i L  B
  
5. The force acting on a current element in a magnetic field: d F B  i d L  B
6. Magnetic dipole moment of current loop:  = [current] x [area]
 
7. Torque on a current carrying coil:     B
 
8. Orientation energy of a magnetic dipole: U (  )     B
9. The work done on the dipole by the agent is: W a   U  U f  U i
10. Permeability constant: o = 1.26x10-6 Ns2/C2 = 1.26x10-6 H/m;
11. Permittivity constant: o = 8.85x10-12 C2/(Nm2) = 8.85x10-12 F/m;

Ch. 29 Magnetic fields due to currents


  o i d s  rˆ
1. The Bio-Savart Law: d B 
4 r2
 I
2. Magnetic field of a long straight wire current: B  0
{Unit 1 tesla = 1T = 1 N/(Cm/s)}
2r
 o i
3. Magnetic field of a circular arc: B 
4 R
 o L ia ib
4. Forces between parallel currents: F b a  i b L B s in 9 0 
2 d
a
 
5. Ampere’s Law:  B  d s   o i e n c
6. Magnetic field of an ideal solenoid: B   o i n
 oiN 1
7. Magnetic field of a toroid: B 
2 r
 
  
1. Field of a magnetic dipole: B ( z )  o
2 z 3

Ch. 30. Induction and Inductance

 
1. Magnetic flux:  B   B  dA {Unit 1weber = 1Wb = 1 T m2}
d  B
2. Faraday’s Law of Induction:   
dt
3. Lenz’ Law: Induced emf opposes change that produced it
  d  B
4. Emf and the Induced Electric Field:    E  d s  
dt
N  B
5. Inductance: L  {SI unit henry(H), where 1 H=1Tm2/A)
i
L
6. The inductance per unit length of solenoid:   on 2 A
l
di
7. Self-induction:  L   L
dt
 B2  B1 d i1 d i2
8. Mutual induction: M   ;  2   M ; 1   M
i1 i2 dt dt
  t

i  (1  e L
) (ris e o f c u rre n t)
9. Series RL Circuits: R
 t
i  io e  L ( d e c a y o f c u r r e n t )
1
U B  L i 2 (m a g n e tic e n e rg y )
2
10. Magnetic Energy:
B 2
uB  (m a g n e tic e n e rg y d e n s ity )
2  o

Ch. 31. Electromagnetic Oscillations and Alternating Current

q 2 Li 2
1. LC Energy transfer: U E  , U B  , U  U E  U B  con st
2C 2
2. Emf of an electromagnetic generator: = - /t=NAB sin( t)
1
3. LC Charge and Current Oscillations: q  Q c o s (  t   ) ;   ; i    Q s in ( t   )
LC
4. Damped Oscillations: q  Q e  R t 2 L c o s (  ' t   ) , w h e r e  '   2  R 2 L 
2

5. Alternating Currents; Forced Oscillations:

A s e rie s R L C c irc u it m a y b e s e t in to fo rc e d o s c illa tio n a t a d riv in g a n g u la r
fre q u e n c y  d b y a n e x te rn a l a lte rn a tin g e m f  =  m s in  d t; i  I s in ( d t   )
 
1. Resonance: I  m
w hen  d   . T hen X C  X L ,   0
R
1
2. Capacitive reactance: VC=IXC; X  ; the current leads voltage by /2 radians (=-
C
dC
/2 rad)
3. Inductive reactance: VL=IXL; X L   d L ; the current lags behind the voltage by /2
radians(=/2 rad)
4. Series RLC Circuits
Relation between emf and current: m=IZ
Impedance: Z  R 2
 X L  X C 2
X  X
Phase angle between current and voltage: tan   L C

R
Average Power dissipated:
P a v g  I r2m s R   r m s I r m s c o s  , I r m s  I / 2 ; V rm s  V / 2;  rm s   / 2
Power factor of the circuit: cos

N
Vs  V p
s
( tr a n s f o r m a tio n o f v o lta g e )
N p

N
Is  I p
p
( tr a n s fo r m a tio n o f c u r r e n ts )
5. Transformers: N s

T h e e q u iv a le n t r e s is ta n c e o f th e s e c o n d a r y c ir c u it, a s s e e n b y th e g e n e ra to r
2
 N 
R eq   p
 R , w h e r e R is th e re s is tiv e lo a d o f th e s e c o n d a r y c ir c u it
 N s 

Ch. 32. Maxwell’s Equations. Magnetism of matter

 
1. Gauss’ Law for Magnetic Field:  B dA  0 B  
  d
2. Maxwell’s Extension of Ampere’s Law:  B  d S   0  0   0 ien c
dt
d E
3. Displacement current: i d   0
dt
1. The rectangular loop shown in Figure is pivoted about y axis and carries a
current of 15.0 A in the direction indicated.
a) Find magnitude and direction of the loop magnetic dipole moment.
b) If the loop is in uniform magnetic field with magnitude 0.48 T in the +x
direction, find the magnitude and direction of the torque required to hold
the loop in the position shown.
c) What is the direction in which the loop tends to rotate?
2. A circular loop has radius R and carries current I2 in a clockwise direction.
The center of the loop is a distance D above a long straight wire. What are the
magnitude and direction of the current I1 in the wire if the magnetic field at
the center of the loop is zero?
3. A long, straight, solid cylinder, oriented

with its axis in the Z-direction carries a
current whose current density is J . The current density, although symmetric
about the cylinder axis, is not constant but varies according to relationship
 2 Io   r   
2

J   1     k fo r r  a
 a 2   a  
 0 fo r r  a
Where a is the radius of the cylinder, r is the radial distance from the the
cylinder axis, and Io is a constant having units of amperes.
a) Show that Io is the total current passing through the entire cross-section of
the wire.
b) Obtain the expression of the current I contained in a circular cross-section
of radius r  a and centered at the cylinder axis.
c) Using Ampere’s law, derive an expression for the magnitude of the
magnetic field inside in the region r  a .
4. The drawing shows a plot of the output emf of a generator as a function of time t.
The coil of this device has a cross-sectional area per turn of 0.020 m2 and contains
150 turns. Find:
a) The frequency f of the generator in hertz;
b) The angular speed  in rad/s; and
c) The magnitude of the magnetic field.
5. A friend returns to the United States from Europe with a 960-W coffeemaker,
designed to operate from 240-V line.
A) Determine the ration Ns/Np of the transformer necessary to operate the coffeemaker in
the United States.
B) What current will the coffeemaker draw from the 120-V line?
C) What is the resistance of the coffeemaker? (The voltages are rms values.)
 7. An oscillating LC circuit has current amplitude of 7.50 mA, potential
amplitude of 250 mV, and a capacitance of 220 nF. What are:
a) The period of oscillation;
b) The maximum energy stored in the capacitor;
c) The maximum energy stored in the inductor;
d) The maximum rate at which the current changes; and
e) The maximum rate at which the inductor gains energy.

(a) From V = IXC we find = I/CV. The period is then T = 2/ = 2CV/I = 46.1 s.

(b) The maximum energy stored in the capacitor is

1 1
U E  CV 2
 ( 2 .2 0  1 0  7 F )( 0 .2 5 0 V ) 2  6 .8 8  1 0  9 J .
2 2

(c) The maximum energy stored in the inductor is also U B  L I 2 / 2  6.88 nJ .

(d) V = L(di/dt)max . We can substitute L = CV2/I2 and solve for (di/dt)max . Our result is

 di  V V I2 ( 7 .5 0  1 0  3 A ) 2
      7
 1 .0 2  1 0 3 A /s .
 d t  m ax L 2
CV / I 2
CV ( 2 .2 0  1 0 F )( 0 .2 5 0 V )

1
(e) The derivative of UB = 2
Li2 leads to

dU B 1
 L I 2  s in  t c o s  t  L I 2  s in 2  t .
dt 2

 dU B  1 1 1
Therefore,    L I 2   IV  ( 7 .5 0  1 0  3 A )( 0 .2 5 0 V )  0 .9 3 8 m W .
 d t  m ax 2 2 2