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Linux Command Reference: File Commands

The document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into categories such as file commands, process management, file permissions, SSH, searching, system info, compression, network, installation, and shortcuts. Some key file commands include ls to list directories, cd to change directories, mkdir to create directories, and rm to delete files. Process management commands include ps to view processes, top to view all running processes, and kill to terminate processes. Common network commands are ping to test connectivity, dig for DNS lookups, and wget to download files.

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67 views2 pages

Linux Command Reference: File Commands

The document provides a summary of common Linux commands organized into categories such as file commands, process management, file permissions, SSH, searching, system info, compression, network, installation, and shortcuts. Some key file commands include ls to list directories, cd to change directories, mkdir to create directories, and rm to delete files. Process management commands include ps to view processes, top to view all running processes, and kill to terminate processes. Common network commands are ping to test connectivity, dig for DNS lookups, and wget to download files.

Uploaded by

Papy Seven
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linux Command Reference

File Commands recursively for pattern in dir


command | grep pattern – search for pattern in
ls – directory listing the output of command
ls -al – formatted listing with hidden fles locate file – fnd all instances of fle
cd dir - change directory to dir
cd – change to home
pwd – show current directory
mkdir dir – create a directory
dir rm file – delete fle
rm -r dir – delete directory dir
rm -f file – force remove fle
rm -rf dir – force remove directory dir *
cp file1 file2 – copy fle1 to fle2
cp -r dir1 dir2 – copy dir1 to dir2; create dir2 if
it doesn't exist
mv file1 file2 – rename or move fle1 to
fle2 if fle2 is an existing directory, moves fle1
into directory fle2
ln -s file link – create symbolic link link to fle

touch file – create or update fle


cat > file – places standard input into
fle more file – output the contents of fle
head file – output the frst 10 lines of fle
tail file – output the last 10 lines of
fle
tail -f file – output the contents of fle as it
grows, starting with the last 10 lines
Process Management

ps – display your currently active processes


top – display all running processes
kill pid – kill process id pid
killall proc – kill all processes named proc *
bg – lists stopped or background jobs; resume
a stopped job in the background
fg – brings the most recent job to foreground
fg n – brings job n to the foreground
File Permissions
chmod octal file – change the
permissions of fle to octal, which can be found
separately for user, group, and world by adding:
● 4 – read (r)
● 2 – write (w)
● 1 – execute
(x) Examples:
chmod 777 – read, write, execute for all
chmod 755 – rwx for owner, rx for group and world
For more options, see man chmod.
SSH

ssh user@host – connect to host as user


ssh -p port user@host – connect to host on port
port as user
ssh-copy-id user@host – add your key to host for
user to enable a keyed or passwordless login
Searching
grep pattern files – search
for pattern in fles grep -r pattern dir – search
System Info
date – show the current date and time
cal – show this month's calendar uptime
– show current uptime
w – display who is online
whoami – who you are logged in as
finger user – display information about user
uname -a – show kernel information
cat /proc/cpuinfo – cpu information
cat /proc/meminfo – memory information man
command – show the manual for command df –
show disk usage
du – show directory space usage
free – show memory and swap usage
whereis app – show possible locations of app
which app – show which app will be run by default

Compression
tar cf file.tar files – create a tar named
fle.tar containing fles
tar xf file.tar – extract the fles from fle.tar
tar czf file.tar.gz files – create a tar with
Gzip compression
tar xzf file.tar.gz – extract a tar using Gzip
tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – create a tar with Bzip2
compression
tar xjf file.tar.bz2 – extract a tar using Bzip2
gzip file – compresses fle and renames it to
fle.gz
gzip -d file.gz – decompresses fle.gz back to
fle

Network
ping host – ping host and output results
whois domain – get whois information for domain
dig domain – get DNS information for domain
dig -x host – reverse lookup host
wget file – download fle
wget -c file – continue a stopped download

Installation
Install from source:
./configure
make
make install
dpkg -i pkg.deb – install a package (Debian)
rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm – install a package (RPM)

Shortcuts
Ctrl+C – halts the current command
Ctrl+Z – stops the current command, resume with
fg in the foreground or bg in the background
Ctrl+D – log out of current session, similar to exit
Ctrl+W – erases one word in the current line Ctrl+U
– erases the whole line
Ctrl+R – type to bring up a recent command
!! - repeats the last command
exit – log out of current session

* use with extreme caution.

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