Article About Fluids Mechanical by Ummi Salmah

NAME : UMMI SALMAH
NIM : 1805124312
SUBJECT : ENGLISH PHYSICS (6B)
LECTURER : Dr. SC. Syarhil, S.Si, MT
Hydraulic Jacks as One of the Applications of Pascal's

Law of Fluid Mechanics
Fluid is a substance that can flow which has particles that are easy to move and
change shape without separation of mass. Fluid resistance to deformation is so small that
fluid can easily follow the shape of space. In physics one concept is known about fluid
mechanics. In one of the concepts of fluid mechanics there is one law (basic concept) which
is the PASCAL law.
In 1653, French philosopher and scientist Blaise Pascal published his Treatise on
Liquid Balance, in which he discussed the principles of static fluids. Static fluid is fluid that
does not move. When a fluid does not flow, we say that the fluid is in static equilibrium. If
the fluid is water, we say it is in hydrostatic equilibrium. For fluids in static equilibrium, the
net force on each part of the fluid must be zero, otherwise the liquid will start flowing.
Pascal's observations - because they are proven experimentally - provide the basis
for hydraulics, one of the most important developments in modern mechanical technology.
Pascal observed that the change in pressure applied to closed fluids was transmitted
indefinitely to all fluids and to the walls of their containers. Because of this, we often know
more about pressure than other physical quantities in liquids. In addition, Pascal's principle
implies that the total pressure in a fluid is the amount of pressure from different sources. A
good example is fluid at depth depending on fluid depth and atmospheric pressure.
The Pascal principle (also known as Pascal's law) states that when pressure changes
are applied to a closed fluid, the fluid is transmitted without being reduced to all parts of the
fluid and to the walls of the container. In closed fluids, because fluid atoms are free to move,
they send pressure to all parts of the fluid and to the walls of the container. Every change in
pressure is transmitted without decreasing.
One application of the Pascal law is the hydraulic system used to operate
automotive brakes, hydraulic jacks, and various other mechanical systems.
For more details, the picture below shows the hydraulic system:
Picture from Google
We can get the relationship between power in this simple hydraulic system by
applying the Pascal principle. Note first that the two pistons in the system are at the same
height, so there is no difference in pressure due to differences in depth. The pressure due to F1
acting in area A1 is quite simple
F1xA1 =F2xA2
Here we will discuss more about hydraulic jacks. Hydraulic jacks are used to lift
heavy loads, such as those used by automatic mechanics to raise cars. It consists of a liquid
which cannot be compressed in a U-tube equipped with a piston that can move on each side.
One side of the U-tube is narrower than the other. A small force applied to a small area can
balance a much larger force on the other side of a larger area.
Picture from Google
This equation connects the force ratio to the area in any hydraulic system, provided
the piston is at the same vertical height and that the friction in the system can be ignored. The
hydraulic system can increase or decrease the force applied to it. To make the force bigger,
pressure is applied to a larger area. For example, if the 100-N force is applied to the left
cylinder in Figure 14.16 and the right cylinder has an area five times larger, the output force
is 500 N. Hydraulic systems are analogous to simple levers, but they have a pressure
advantage that can be sent over curved lines winding to several places at once.
From Pascal's principle, it can be shown that the force required to lift a car is less
than the weight of the car:
F 2x A 2
F1 =
A1
Where F 1 is the force applied to lift the car, A 1 is the smaller cross-sectional area
of the piston, A 2 is the cross-sectional area of the larger piston, and F 2 is the weight of the
car. with the existence of a hydraulic jack human work can be lighter.
Referensi :
https://www.tec-science.com/mechanics/gases-and-liquids/how-does-a-hydraulic-jack-work-pascals-
law/
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/glossary/fluid_mechanics.html
http://rizkapratiwijaya.blogspot.com/2012/05/makalah-fluida.html

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NAME : UMMI SALMAH

Hydraulic Jacks as One of the Applications of Pascal's

Picture from Google

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