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Pneumatic Circuit Trainer

The document provides information about the components of a pneumatic circuit trainer. It describes the purpose of the trainer as allowing users to understand pneumatic components and build circuits. It then lists and describes the main components included in the trainer, such as cylinders, valves, manifolds, gauges and tubing. Various types of control valves are specified, including those operated by levers, buttons, solenoids, feet or a roller. Details are provided on specifications for items like cylinders, filters and regulators.

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dipsankar chatterjee
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216 views

Pneumatic Circuit Trainer

The document provides information about the components of a pneumatic circuit trainer. It describes the purpose of the trainer as allowing users to understand pneumatic components and build circuits. It then lists and describes the main components included in the trainer, such as cylinders, valves, manifolds, gauges and tubing. Various types of control valves are specified, including those operated by levers, buttons, solenoids, feet or a roller. Details are provided on specifications for items like cylinders, filters and regulators.

Uploaded by

dipsankar chatterjee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TECHNICAL MANUAL

PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT TRAINER

INTRODUCTION
During the last few decades various automation and rationalization technique has
been introduced in the field of manufacturing in order to enhance the overall industrial
productivity. Application of compressed air as a means of factory automation has been
introduced in modern engineering plants. Pneumatic control is a cheap but very effective
method of automation technique and hence has found extensive use all over the world in
robotics and pick and place devices.
The technology of pneumatics has gained tremendous importance in the field of work
place rationalization and automation from old-fashioned timber works and coalmines to
modern machine shops and space robots. Certain characteristics of compressed air have
made this medium quite suitable for use in modern manufacturing and production plants. It
is therefore, important that the technicians and engineers should have a good working
knowledge of pneumatics system. The technology of pneumatics deals with the study of the
behavior and application of compressed air.
Now, compressed air is used in every walk of industrial life, starting with pneumatic
cranes to the use in brake system of automobiles, railway coaches, wagons, printing
presses. etc.
Following are some of the basic features that make application of pneumatics. As
these systems are more advantageous and suitable in handling.
1. Wide availability of air.
2. Compressibility of air.
3. Fire proof characteristics of the medium.
4.Easy transportability of compressed air in pressure vessels, containers and in long
pipes.
5.Simple construction of pneumatic elements and easy handling.
6. High degree of controllability of pressure, speed and force.
7. Easier maintenance.
8. Comparatively cheaper in cost than other systems.
9. Explosion- proof characteristics of the medium.

A pneumatic system mainly comprises of a compressor plant, pipelines, control valves,


drive members and related auxiliary applications. The air is compressed in an air
compressor and from the compressor plant the flow medium is transmitted to the pneumatic
cylinder through a well laid pipeline system.
The experimental set up under study is designed to understand the working and function
of the various types of control valves, linear actuators and to quickly build-up pneumatics
circuits with specific function and nature.

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Following are the main components and accessories used in this trainer system. .
1. Single acting cylinder – 1No.
2. Double acting cylinder – 1No.
3. Pressure gauge – 1No.
4. Filter, Regulator and Lubricator unit – 1No.
5. Pressure line distributor or manifold – 1No.
6. Flow control valve – 2 Nos. (i.e. Throttle check valves )
7. Pilot operated direction control valve – 1No. (5/2 way)
8. Lever operated direction control valve – 1No. ( 5/2 way)
9. Push button operated direction control valve – 1No. ( 3/2way)
10. Solenoid operated direction control valve – 1No. ( 3/2Way)
11. Foot operated direction control valve – 1No. ( 5/2Way )
12. Roller operated valve – 1No. ( 3/2Way)
13. Quick Exhaust Valve.
14. Dual Pressure Valve.
15. Shuttle Valve.
16. Suitable connections and PUC tubing.
Specifications and Details given in the preceding pages.
All the above components and accessories are mounted on a suitable frame made of m.s.
square pipes and m.s. sheets which are coated with paint for protections against corrosion.
The details of the various circuits with their connections are given, so that one can built
quickly the required pneumatic circuits and have the demonstration of the same.

PNEUMATIC CIRCUIT TRANER COMPONENTS


DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS

1. Filter regulator cum lubricator unit :


The compressed air received from the air compressor is not clean because of the presence
of contaminants in the atmosphere. The presence of contaminants the functioning and life
of the pneumatic components is hampered. Hence to enable supply of clean, pure and
contamination free compressed air, air requires to be filtered. The system performance and
accuracy depends much on the pressure stability of the air supply.
The pressure regulation is done by means of the regulator, which is integral with the filter
assembly. The filtered and regulated air then goes to the lubricator section where it is
lubricated i.e. air is provided with the film of lubricating oil. These three units together are
called as service unit or FRL unit.
F … Filter section.
R … Regulator section.
L … Lubricator section.
For Lubricator unit SAE 30 oil is recommended.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Operating pressure: 4 Kg/ cm2 (Max = 10 Kg/ cm2)
2. Inlet – outlet connections: (¼” B.S.P.) Female type (F)
3. Pressure gauge tapping: (1/8” B.S.P.) Female type (F)

2
2. DOUBLE ACTING CYCLINDER
The function of pneumatic cylinder is to convert pneumatic power into a straight line
reciprocating motion. In double acting cylinder the force exerted by the force exerted by
the compressed air moves the piston in two directions. In a double acting cylinder the
piston does work in both the forward and return stroke.
SPECIFICATION:
Bore: 40 mm. Stroke: 200 mm.
Connections: (¼” B.S.P.) Female type (F)
Max. Pressure: 10 Kg / cm2 Make: Techno Pneumatics.

3. SINGLE ACTING CYLINDER:


In single Acting cylinders, the air pressure is fed on one side only of the cylinder either
during extension or retraction. When the air pressure is cut off, these cylinder returns to the
normal position either by a spring or by an external load.
SPECIFICATION:
1. Bore : 25 mm. Stroke : 100 mm. spring return type.
2. Connections : ( ¼” B.S.P.) Female type ( F)
3. Max. Pressure : 10 Kg / Cm2

4. PILOT OPERATED DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE :


These valves are operated by impulse singles, generated by the Impulse generator or the
pilot valves. For direction control. The example of a impulse generator is the roller
operated 3/2 valve.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1. Type : 5/3 Way external pilot operated type.
2. Connections : A & B for cylinders. ( ¼” ) BSP ( F)
P. Pressure connection to the P port of valve.
Z. Connection from Impulse generator( Roller.V )
R & S . Exhaust ports fitted with silencers.

5. LEVER OPERATED DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE:


This is manual lever operated direction control valve used for controlling the cylinder
operation. The detents in lever operated valves are achieved with the use of balls which are
pressed into annular grooves in the tappet springs for achieving individual valve position.
I.e. Forward – Neutral – Reverse positions.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Type : 5/3 Way lever operated control valve.
2.Connections : A & B …for cylinders. ( ¼” ) BSP ( F)
P… Pressure connection to the P port of valve.
R & S … Exhaust ports fitted with silencers.

3
6. PUSH BUTTON OPERATED DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE :
This is also a manual type of direction control valve. The push button directly operates the
spool of the valve assembly.
SPECIFICATIONS:
1.Type : 3/2 Way , push button operated valve.
2.Connections : A … for cylinders.
P… Pressure connection to the P
R …. Exhaust port fitted with silencers.

7. SOLENOID OPERATED DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE


This type of valves are operated by the electromagnetic effect. The armature plunger
presses on the valve spool when the electromagnet is excited. The plunger gets attracted
due to the magnetic force of the valve.
SPECITICAIONS :
1.Type : 3/2 way solenoid switch operated direction control valve.
The solenoid is activated by a separate switch mounted on the control panel. When the
switch is made ‘ON’ the valve operates, thereby allowing the pressurized air to flow in the
A port of the cylinder as per the connections made. The cylinder gets operated say in the
forward direction, and when the switch is made ‘off’ the cylinder position rod retracts.
2. Connections: same as above.
3. Separate toggle switch provided on the control panel operating on 230 V.
Single phase, 50 Hz. A.C. supply.

8. FOOT OPERATED DIRECTION CONTROL VALVE:


This is a manual type of direction control valve with pedal provision for foot operation. By
operating the pedal with the help of foot the cylinder can be controlled for its forward and
reverse directions. These type of D.C.V. are used in riveting machines, pneumatic shears,
presses, machine tools, etc. The angular movement of the pedal is transmitted to the tappet
and from there to the spool.

9. THROTTLE CHECK VALVE


This is also called as FLOW CONTROL VALVE, used for regulating the flow of air to the
various components in a pneumatic circuit. This is specially for the pneumatic cylinder .
where in the speed of the cylinder can be controlled as per the desired valve. The throttle
action takes places inside the throttle valve by constricting a flow passage, so that part of
air supply is obstructed in the area of constriction. In most cases of pneumatic system, the
flow through the valve is constructed with a built in check valve so that the controlled flow
is directed only in one direction and the reverse flow through the valve is free. This means
that whenever one uses these valves in pneumatic circuit, one gets flow control and thereby
speed control of air cylinder or air motor only in one direction. The reverse of the cylinder
will be at normal speed determined by the rated port capacity of the valve.
SPECIFICATIONS: -
1. Type : Rotary knob operated Non Return Flow control valve.
2. Connection ; ( ¼” ) connections at either end.
3. Qty. : 2 Nos. provided

4
10. ROLLER OPERATED VALVE ( IMPULSE GENERATOR )
This is a mechanical type valve with roller, which operates the tappet, thereby pressing the
spool. The spool moves and actuates the valve plunger. These are generally 3/2 way valves
and are used as impules generators. Also they are called as pilot valves.
SPECIFICATION :
Roller operated 3/2 way valve .
A – Port connected to be given to the pilot operated direction control valves.
P - Port connection given from pressure line.
R – Exhaust port fitted with silencer.

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